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Differential Continuity Equation: Eynolds Ransport Heorem

The document derives the continuity equation, which expresses the conservation of mass, using a differential approach. It begins with the Reynolds Transport Theorem relating the rate of change of an extensive property within a control volume to surface integrals. It then applies this to an infinitesimally small control volume to derive the differential form of the continuity equation, which contains terms for the local rate of change of mass and the convective rate of change of mass through control surfaces. The continuity equation relates the partial derivatives of density and velocity components.

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Nicholas Mutua
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47 views5 pages

Differential Continuity Equation: Eynolds Ransport Heorem

The document derives the continuity equation, which expresses the conservation of mass, using a differential approach. It begins with the Reynolds Transport Theorem relating the rate of change of an extensive property within a control volume to surface integrals. It then applies this to an infinitesimally small control volume to derive the differential form of the continuity equation, which contains terms for the local rate of change of mass and the convective rate of change of mass through control surfaces. The continuity equation relates the partial derivatives of density and velocity components.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Mutua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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+

CS CV
SYSTEM
A d V dV
t dt
dN

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Ghosh - 550 Page 1 6/8/2014
Differential Continuity Equation
Let us derive the mass conservation law (continuity equation) in the differential
approach. Whenever we need to derive an equation in the differential approach, we
shall bein with the control volume form of the equation and apply it on an
infinitesimally small control volume. !he "eynold#s !ransport !heorem for mass
conservation law is reviewed first.
"E$%&LD' !"(%')&"! !*E&"E+
The relationship between the rate of hange of an! arbitrar! e"tensi#e propert!$ %$ of a
s!ste& an' the #ariations of the propert! within a ontrol #ol(&e is gi#en b! the
following e)(ation$ *nown as the +e!nol's Transport Theore&.
where$
, ,ntensive )roperty
-Propert! -n'epen'ent of .ass
% , E-tensive )roperty
-Propert! /epen'ent on .ass

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-0oal +ate of 1hange of % within 1ontrol 2ol(&e (12)



CS
A d V -1on#eti#e +ate of 1hange of % thro(gh 1ontrol 3(rfae (13)

C('E ./ 0 ., % 0 +
%ote4 The 1onser#ation of .ass states that the &ass of a s!ste& is onstant$
therefore
Ghosh - 550 Page 2 6/8/2014
Derivation
%ow$ let (s 'eri#e the &ass onser#ation law for an infinitesimally small control
volume 1 aro(n' the point loate' at ("$ !$ 5).
6or a trial wor*o(t$ loo* at integral ter& o#er the 2-! faes4
7
z y x V

+ +


surfaces x surfaces y surfaces z CS
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2 2 2

!
5
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8
9
("$!$5)
!
5
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7
("$!$5)
Ghosh - 550 Page : 6/8/2014
2sin !aylor series e-pansion of f(-3h), (h44-)
6or the bl(e ! fae (loate' at ! ; h$ where)4
<ll 'eri#ati#es are ta*en with respet to !
h , !/2
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Ghosh - 550 Page 4 6/8/2014


.(ltipl!ing ter&s4
3i&plif!ing4
6ro& perfor&ing the sa&e anal!sis on the " faes an' 5 faes$ the final res(lt for the
on#eti#e ter& is4
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z
w
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CS

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The ontrol #ol(&e (loal) ter& an be written for the s&all 2 b! negleting the
integral sign4
z y x
t
V
t
V
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P(tting the res(lts fo(n' into the +e!nol's Transport @)(ation for &ass4
3i&plif!ing the abo#e e"pression gi#es the /ifferential @)(ation for 1onser#ation of
.ass (1ontin(it! @)(ation)4
-n this e)(ation$ note4
,ndependent 1ariables/ x , y, z, t
Dependent 1ariables/ u, v, w,
Th(s$ b! itself$ it is not a sol#able e)(ation sine there are 4 (n*nowns in one e)(ation.
- Local !erm
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v
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v
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surfaces y



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+

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) (
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z
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t

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w
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v
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x
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0


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Ghosh - 550 Page 5 6/8/2014
- loal rate of hange of &ass thro(gh the 1ontrol
3(rfaes per (nit #ol(&e.
- Convective !erm
- 1on#eti#e rate of hange of .ass thro(gh the 1ontrol
3(rfae per (nit #ol(&e.
E-ercise4 ,nterpret )hysically/
<nswer4 1on#eti#e rate of hange of &ass in the " 'iretion
(between two "-s(rfaes)
'implifications of the Continuity Equation/
1. -f the flow is steady 5 i.e., flow 'oesnAt hange with ti&e.
2. 6or ,ncompressible 6low 5 /ensit!$ is 1onstant.

where$ the Bperator in 1artesian 1oor'inates is 'efine' as4
Continue
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0
) ( ) ( ) (

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k
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