According to many (probably a majority) of English speakers, adjectival

substantives, such as "the righteous" have plural referents. The E! has both
singular and plural referents for adjectival substantives. The subject"verb
number agreement of the #ordings #ith singular referents sound ungrammatical to
those #ho understand these adjectival substantives to only refer to plurals. $t
is very easy to repair this problem. A pro"#ord, such as the pronoun "one" or
the noun "person" can be inserted #hen the referent of adjectival substantives
is singular, creating a #ording #hich sounds and is grammatical. %or instance,
E! &salm '()*+ ",any are the afflictions of the righteous, but the -ord
delivers him out of them all" can be revised to ",any are the afflictions of the
righteous person, but the -ord delivers him out of them all" #hich should sound
grammatical to all speakers. uch a revision does not change the accuracy of the
translation. $n fact, it increases it because including a "one" or "person" #ith
singular adjectival substantives communicates their original meaning more
accurately than does leaving out such filler #ords.
(T.$ $ /012"$3"&1041E5 T.E1E A1E 0T.E1 $,$-A1 6341A,,AT$7A- /018$34 $3 T.E
E! /.$7. .A!E 30T 9ET :EE3 8$70!E1E8 A38 -$TE8 .E1E.)
E! adjectival substantives #ith ungrammatical subject"verb number agreement)
1uth ();
Then :oa< said, =The day you buy the field from the hand of 3aomi, you also
ac>uire 1uth the ,oabite, the #ido# of the dead, in order to perpetuate the name
of the dead in his inheritance.?
1uth ()*@
Also 1uth the ,oabite, the #ido# of ,ahlon, $ have bought to be my #ife, to
perpetuate the name of the dead in his inheritance, that the name of the dead
may not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his native
place. 9ou are #itnesses this day.?
A amuel *()A
And Boab sent to Tekoa and brought from there a #ise #oman and said to her,
=&retend to be a mourner and put on mourning garments. 8o not anoint yourself
#ith oil, but behave like a #oman #ho has been mourning many days for the dead.
A 2ings C);
And #hile he #as telling the king ho# Elisha had restored the dead to life,
behold, the #oman #hose son he had restored to life appealed to the king for her
house and her land. And 4eha<i said, =,y lord, 0 king, here is the #oman, and
here is her son #hom Elisha restored to life.?
Bob *D)+
9et the righteous holds to his #ay, and he #ho has clean hands gro#s stronger
and stronger.
Bob *C);
=$ndeed, the light of the #icked is put out, and the flame of his fire does not
shine.
Bob A+)*A
because $ delivered the poor #ho cried for help, and the fatherless #ho had none
to help him.
&salm ;)*A
%or you bless the righteous, 0 -ord5 you cover him #ith favor as #ith a shield.
&salm *@)'
%or the #icked boasts of the desires of his soul, and the one greedy for gain
curses and renounces the -ord.
&salm *@)(
$n the pride of his face the #icked does not seek him5 all his thoughts are,
=There is no 4od.?
&salm *@)+
he lurks in ambush like a lion in his thicket5 he lurks that he may sei<e the
poor5 he sei<es the poor #hen he dra#s him into his net.
&salm *@)*'
/hy does the #icked renounce 4od and say in his heart, =9ou #ill not call to
account?E
&salm *@)*;
:reak the arm of the #icked and evildoer5 call his #ickedness to account till
you find none.
&salm **);
The -ord tests the righteous, but his soul hates the #icked and the one #ho
loves violence.
&salm *A);
=:ecause the poor are plundered, because the needy groan, $ #ill no# arise,?
says the -ord5 =$ #ill place him in the safety for #hich he longs.?
&salm *()F
9ou #ould shame the plans of the poor, but the -ord is his refuge.
&salm AA)A(
%or he has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, and he has
not hidden his face from him, but has heard, #hen he cried to him.
&salm '()*+
,any are the afflictions of the righteous, but the -ord delivers him out of them
all.
&salm ';)*@
All my bones shall say, =0 -ord, #ho is like you, delivering the poor from him
#ho is too strong for him, the poor and needy from him #ho robs himE?
&salm 'F)*
Transgression speaks to the #icked deep in his heart5 there is no fear of 4od
before his eyes.
&salm 'D)*@
$n just a little #hile, the #icked #ill be no more5 though you look carefully at
his place, he #ill not be there.
&salm 'D)*A
The #icked plots against the righteous and gnashes his teeth at him,
&salm 'D)*'
but the -ord laughs at the #icked, for he sees that his day is coming.
&salm 'D)A*
The #icked borro#s but does not pay back, but the righteous is generous and
gives5
&salm 'D)'A
The #icked #atches for the righteous and seeks to put him to death.
&sa ;C)*@ The righteous #ill rejoice #hen he sees the vengeance5 he #ill bathe
his feet in the blood of the #icked.
&salm D*)(
1escue me, 0 my 4od, from the hand of the #icked, from the grasp of the unjust
and cruel man.
&salm DA)*A
%or he delivers the needy #hen he calls, the poor and him #ho has no helper.
&sa *@+)'* %or he stands at the right hand of the needy, to save him from those
#ho condemn his soul to death.
&salm **A)F
%or the righteous #ill never be moved5 he #ill be remembered forever.
&roverbs ;)AA
The ini>uities of the #icked ensnare him, and he is held fast in the cords of
his sin.
&roverbs *@)A(
/hat the #icked dreads #ill come upon him, but the desire of the righteous #ill
be granted.
&ro *@)A; /hen the tempest passes, the #icked is no more, but the righteous is
established forever.
&roverbs **);
The righteousness of the blameless keeps his #ay straight, but the #icked falls
by his o#n #ickedness.
&ro **)D /hen the #icked dies, his hope #ill perish, and the eGpectation of
#ealth perishes too.
&ro **)C The righteous is delivered from trouble, and the #icked #alks into it
instead.
&ro **)*C The #icked earns deceptive #ages, but one #ho so#s righteousness gets
a sure re#ard.
&roverbs **)'*
$f the righteous is repaid on earth, ho# much more the #icked and the sinnerH
&roverbs *A)*'
An evil man is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, but the righteous
escapes from trouble.
&roverbs *A)*F
The veGation of a fool is kno#n at once, but the prudent ignores an insult.
&roverbs *');
The righteous hates falsehood, but the #icked brings shame and disgrace.
&roverbs *')*F
$n everything the prudent acts #ith kno#ledge, but a fool flaunts his folly.
&roverbs *')A;
The righteous has enough to satisfy his appetite, but the belly of the #icked
suffers #ant.
&roverbs *()C
The #isdom of the prudent is to discern his #ay, but the folly of fools is
deceiving.
&ro *()*; The simple believes everything, but the prudent gives thought to his
steps.
&ro *()A@ The poor is disliked even by his neighbor, but the rich has many
friends.
&roverbs *()'A
The #icked is overthro#n through his evildoing, but the righteous finds refuge
in his death.
&roverbs *;)A(
The path of life leads up#ard for the prudent, that he may turn a#ay from heol
beneath.
&roverbs *D);
/hoever mocks the poor insults his ,aker5 he #ho is glad at calamity #ill not go
unpunished.
&roverbs *D)A'
The #icked accepts a bribe in secret to pervert the #ays of justice.
&roverbs A@)D
The righteous #ho #alks in his integrityI blessed are his children after himH
&roverbs A*)*@
The soul of the #icked desires evil5 his neighbor finds no mercy in his eyes.
&roverbs A*)**
/hen a scoffer is punished, the simple becomes #ise5 #hen a #ise man is
instructed, he gains kno#ledge.
&roverbs A*)*C
The #icked is a ransom for the righteous, and the traitor for the upright.
&roverbs A*)AF
All day long he craves and craves, but the righteous gives and does not hold
back.
&roverbs A*)AD
The sacrifice of the #icked is an abomination5 ho# much more #hen he brings it
#ith evil intent.
&roverbs AA)')
The prudent sees danger and hides himself, but the simple go on and suffer for
it.
&roverbs AA)AA
8o not rob the poor, because he is poor, or crush the afflicted at the gate,
&roverbs AA)D
The rich rules over the poor, and the borro#er is the slave of the lender.
&roverbs A()*;
-ie not in #ait as a #icked man against the d#elling of the righteous5 do no
violence to his home5
&roverbs A()*F
for the righteous falls seven times and rises again, but the #icked stumble in
times of calamity.
&roverbs AD)*A
The prudent sees danger and hides himself, but the simple go on and suffer for
it.
Ecclesiastes A)*F
%or of the #ise as of the fool there is no enduring remembrance, seeing that in
the days to come all #ill have been long forgotten. .o# the #ise dies just like
the foolH
Ecclesiastes 5:12
#eet is the sleep of a laborer, #hether he eats little or much, but the full
stomach of the rich #ill not let him sleep.
Ecclesiastes C)*'
:ut it #ill not be #ell #ith the #icked, neither #ill he prolong his days like a
shado#, because he does not fear before 4od.
Ecclesiastes +)A
$t is the same for all, since the same event happens to the righteous and the
#icked, to the good and the evil, to the clean and the unclean, to him #ho
sacrifices and him #ho does not sacrifice. As is the good, so is the sinner, and
he #ho s#ears is as he #ho shuns an oath.
$saiah ')**
/oe to the #ickedH $t shall be ill #ith him, for #hat his hands have dealt out
shall be done to him.
$saiah AF)*@
$f favor is sho#n to the #icked, he does not learn righteousness5 in the land of
uprightness he deals corruptly and does not see the majesty of the -ord.
$saiah 'C)*+
The living, the living, he thanks you, as $ do this day5 the father makes kno#n
to the children your faithfulness.
$saiah ;;)D
let the #icked forsake his #ay, and the unrighteous man his thoughts5 let him
return to the -ord, that he may have compassion on him, and to our 4od, for he
#ill abundantly pardon.
E<ekiel ')*C
$f $ say to the #icked, J9ou shall surely die,K and you give him no #arning, nor
speak to #arn the #icked from his #icked #ay, in order to save his life, that
#icked person shall die forL*M his ini>uity, but his blood $ #ill re>uire at
your hand.
E<ekiel ')*+
:ut if you #arn the #icked, and he does not turn from his #ickedness, or from
his #icked #ay, he shall die for his ini>uity, but you #ill have delivered your
soul.
E<ekiel *')AA
:ecause you have disheartened the righteous falsely, although $ have not grieved
him, and you have encouraged the #icked, that he should not turn from his evil
#ay to save his life,
E<ekiel *C)A@
The soul #ho sins shall die. The son shall not suffer for the ini>uity of the
father, nor the father suffer for the ini>uity of the son. The righteousness of
the righteous shall be upon himself, and the #ickedness of the #icked shall be
upon himself.
E<ekiel *C)A'
.ave $ any pleasure in the death of the #icked, declares the -ord 4od, and not
rather that he should turn from his #ay and liveE
E<ekiel '')C
$f $ say to the #icked, 0 #icked one, you shall surely die, and you do not speak
to #arn the #icked to turn from his #ay, that #icked person shall die in his
ini>uity, but his blood $ #ill re>uire at your hand.
E<ekiel '')+
:ut if you #arn the #icked to turn from his #ay, and he does not turn from his
#ay, that person shall die in his ini>uity, but you #ill have delivered your
soul.
E<ekiel '')**
ay to them, As $ live, declares the -ord 4od, $ have no pleasure in the death
of the #icked, but that the #icked turn from his #ay and live5 turn back, turn
back from your evil #ays, for #hy #ill you die, 0 house of $sraelE
E<ekiel '')*A
=And you, son of man, say to your people, The righteousness of the righteous
shall not deliver him #hen he transgresses, and as for the #ickedness of the
#icked, he shall not fall by it #hen he turns from his #ickedness, and the
righteous shall not be able to live by his righteousness #hen he sins.
E<ekiel '')*'
Though $ say to the righteous that he shall surely live, yet if he trusts in his
righteousness and does injustice, none of his righteous deeds shall be
remembered, but in his injustice that he has done he shall die
E<ekiel '')*(
Again, though $ say to the #icked, J9ou shall surely die,K yet if he turns from
his sin and does #hat is just and right,
E<ekiel '')*;
if the #icked restores the pledge, gives back #hat he has taken by robbery, and
#alks in the statutes of life, not doing injustice, he shall surely live5 he
shall not die.
E<ekiel '')*C
/hen the righteous turns from his righteousness and does injustice, he shall die
for it.
E<ekiel '')*+
And #hen the #icked turns from his #ickedness and does #hat is just and right,
he shall live by them.
Amo ;)** Therefore because you trample on the poor and you eGact taGes of grain
from him, you have built houses of he#n stone, but you shall not d#ell in them5
you have planted pleasant vineyards, but you shall not drink their #ine.
.abakkuk *)*'
9ou #ho are of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at #rong, #hy do you
idly look at traitors and are silent #hen the #icked s#allo#s up the man more
righteous than heE
.abakkuk A)(
=:ehold, his soul is puffed up5 it is not upright #ithin him, but the righteous
shall live by his faith.
.abakkuk ')*'
9ou #ent out for the salvation of your people, for the salvation of your
anointed. 9ou crushed the head of the house of the #icked, laying him bare from
thigh to neck.
,alachi ')*C
Then once more you shall see the distinction bet#een the righteous and the
#icked, bet#een one #ho serves 4od and one #ho does not serve him
James 1:10
and the rich in his humiliation, because like a flo#er of the grassL*M he #ill
pass a#ay.
* &e ()*C And "$f the righteous is scarcely saved, #hat #ill become of the
ungodly and the sinnerE"