For Use in NCCCO Written Examinations

RIGGER REFERENCE
BOOKLET

This Reference Booklet has been produced and adapted from various
manufacturers data and is for use in NCCCO written examinations.

This Reference Booklet is not to be used for any other purpose.

Copyright 2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO).
All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the
express written permission of the manufacturer and the consent of NCCCO.
RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

HOLD HARMLESS/RELEASE/DISCLAIMER AGREEMENT

The reading and/or using person or entities using this
publication for and in consideration of the assistance,
cooperation, and information given by the National
Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators
(NCCCO) in this publication, Rigger Reference Booklet,
the receipt of which is acknowledged, does hereby and
for all future time have released, hold harmless from any
liability, and forever discharged for itself, its administrators and assigns the said NCCCO from all and any manner
of action or demands whatsoever in law, in admiralty, or
in equity, which against the said NCCCO anyone ever had,
now have, or which shall be later claimed. This agreement relates specifically to any cause of action arising
out of the publication, information provided, subsequent
conduct, and any use of the information provided in this
publication and related uses or demonstrations of skills,
ii of 7

methods, and techniques cited in the publication. This

mutually beneficial release and hold harmless agreement may not be changed orally and exists in perpetuity.
NCCCO generally and specifically disclaims any warranty,
merchantability of intended or unintended use, or liability
for use of the in the information. This publication is issued
solely as a public service to improve the lifting industry
and promote public safety.
Copyright 2011 by National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. No part of this
book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without prior written permission from the
publisher. For information, contact the publisher, National
Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators.

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

Sling Capacities
Size in
inches

Wire Rope EIPS/IWRC

Mechanical Splice in pounds

90 o

60 o

45o

30 o

1/4

1,300

960

2,600

2,200

1,820

1,300

5/16

2,000

1,480

4,000

3,400

2,800

2,000

3/8

2,800

2,200

5,600

5,000

4,000

2,800

7/16

3,800

2,800

7,600

6,800

5,400

3,800

1/2

5,000

3,800

10,000

8,800

7,200

5,000
6,400

9/16

6,400

4,800

12,800

11,000

9,000

5/8

7,800

5,800

15,600

13,600

11,000

7,800

3/4

11,200

8,200

22,400

19,400

15,800

11,200

7/8

15,200

11,200

30,400

26,000

22,000

15,200

19,600

14,400

39,200

34,000

28,000

19,600

1-1/8

24,000

18,000

48,000

42,000

34,000

24,000

1-1/4

30,000

22,500

60,000

52,000

42,000

30,000

Load Factors & Weight Distribution

Sling Tension =
A

Known Runs

R1

Sling Length (L)

Sling Height (H)
B

share of load wt.

Share of Load Wt. @ A

R2

R1 + R2 = TS
R2 = P

TS
P W = Share of Load
Wt. @ A
A

Known Weights

W1

Share of Load Wt. @ B

R1 + R2 = TS
R1 = P

TS
P W = Share of Load
Wt. @ B

CG In Feet From A

W1 + W2 = TW
W2

W2

=P
TW
P S = CG in ft. from A

Span

CG In Feet From B

W1 + W2 = TW
W1

TW

=P

P S = CG in ft. from B

Level & Incline Planes

Legend

W1 = Weight at A
W2 = Weight at B

TW = Total Weight
P = Percentage
S = Span

Formulas

W = Weight of load
CF = Coefficient of Friction
F = Force required to move load
H = Height in feet
R = Run, horizontal distance in feet
L = Length of ramp in feet

Level:

F = CF W

Uphill: F = W H/L + CF(W)

Downhill: F = W CF(R/L) W(H/L)

Coefficients of Friction
.65
.60
.50
.45

TS = Total Span
P = Percentage
W = Weight of Load

Legend

Concrete on concrete
Metal on concrete
Wood on wood
Wood on concrete

Legend

R1 = Run, Side 1
R2 = Run, Side 2

[For Estimation Only]

Wood on metal
Cast iron on steel
Continuous lubricated surface

.30
.25
.15

Steel on steel
Load on wheels
Load on ice
Load on air

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

.10
.05
.01
.002
1 of 7

Sling Capacities (lbs.)

Polyester
Round

Web
Eye / Eye

Size or Code

90 o

60 o

45o

1-9-1

1,600

1,280

3,200

2,770

2,260

1,600

1-9-2

3,200

2,560

6,400

5,540

4,452

3,200

1-9-3

4,800

3,840

9,600

8,320

6,780

4,800

1-9-4

6,400

5,120

12,800

11,090

9,040

6,400

2-9-3

8,880

7,100

17,760

15,390

12,540

8,880

2-9-4

11,520

9,210

23,040

19,960

16,270

11,520

2,600

2,100

5,200

4,500

3,600

2,600

5,300

4,200

10,600

9,100

7,500

5,300

8,400

6,700

16,800

14,500

11,800

8,400

10,600

8,500

21,200

18,300

14,900

10,600

13,200

10,600

26,400

22,800

18,600

13,200

16,800

13,400

33,600

29,100

23,700

16,800

Block & Fairlead Loading

Block Factor

180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0.00
0.17
0.35
0.52
0.68
0.84
1.00
1.15
1.29
1.41
1.53
1.64
1.73
1.81
1.87
1.93
1.97
1.99
2.00

Example
BL
LP

Full Included Angle

FIA
BL = Block Load
BF = Block Factor
LP = Line Pull
FIA = Full Included Angle
Formula
BL = BF LP

Steel Beam Capacities

W

Point load of steel beam

Wide flange beams

2 of 7

30 o

Maximum in lbs.

(W in. F in.)

10 ft. span

20 ft. span

Weight/Linear ft.

44
64
88
10 4
10 10
12 8
12 12
14 8
14 10

2,500
1,100
13,700
1,200
20,400
21,100
28,400
25,000
31,300

500
200
3,800
200
10,200
5,800
17,600
6,300
14,300

13
12
35
15
49
40
65
48
68

16 10

38,700

16,300

67

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

Rigging Hardware Capacities (lbs)

Size in
inches
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1-1/8
1-1/4

Shoulder
Eye Bolt

Turnbuckle

Shackle

Vertical

45 Deg.

Eye or Jaw

SP Anchor

Min. #
clips

Turnback
(inches)

Torque
(ft. lbs.)

500
800
1,200

125
200
300

500
800
1,200

2,200

550

2,200

1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
4,000

3,500
5,200
7,200
10,000

875
1,300
1,800
2,500

3,500
5,200
7,200
10,000

15,200

3,800

15,200

2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
5
6
7

4.75
5.25
6.50
7.00
11.50
12.00
12.00
18.00
19.00
26.00
34.00
44.00

15
30
45
65
65
95
95
130
225
225
225
360

6,500
9,500
13,000
17,000
19,000
24,000

Swivel Hoist Rings

Wire Rope Clip

Size

WLL

3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1

1,000
2,500
4,000
5,000
8,000
10,000

Load Weights - Calculating

Pounds / sq. ft.

Materials and Liquids - Pounds / cu. ft.

Aluminum
Asbestos
Asphalt
Brass
Brick
Bronze
Coal
Concrete, Reinforced
Crushed Rock
Diesel
Dry Earth, Loose
Gasoline
Glass

Iron Casting
Lead
Lumber-Fir
Lumber-Oak
Lumber - RR Ties
Oil, Motor
Paper
Portland Cement
River Sand
Rubber
Steel
Water
Zinc

168
153
80
521
120
500
56
150
95
53
74
45
160

460
710
40
62
50
58
60
94
120
94
480
62
437

Pounds / gallon

Steel plate
1/8 inch

1/4 inch

10

1/2 inch

20

1 inch

40

Gasoline

6.0

Diesel

7.0

Water

8.3

Aluminum plate
1/8 inch

1.75

1/4 inch

3.50

7.5 gallons of liquid

to a cubic foot

3/4 inch Fir

2.5

27 cubic feet to a
cubic yard

3/4 inch Oak

4.0

Lumber

General Data
A2 + B2 = C2
C2 A2 = B2
C2 B2 = A2

Area of a triangle = AB/2

Wire Rope
D/d Ratio
Strength
Efficiencies

25:1
20:1
15:1
10:1
4:1
2:1
1:1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

100
.92
.88
.86
.75
.65
.50

A
B

d = diameter
L = length
W = width
Circumference = d
Volume = LWH

r = radius
H = height
or Pi = 3.14
Area of a circle = r 2
Area of a square = LW

1 yard = 3 ft. = 36 inches = .91 meter

1 meter = 1.09 yds = 3.28 ft. = 39.37 in.
1 ton (short) = .891 long ton = .91 metric ton = 2,000 pounds = 907 kgs.
1 ton (metric) = 1.1 short ton = .98 long ton = 2,204 lbs = 1,000 kgs.
1 pound = .45 kg.
1 kg = 1,000 grams = 2.2 lbs.
1 gallon (U.S. liq.) = 4 qts. = 3.8 liters
1 liter = .264 gallon (U.S.) = 1.06 qts.
1 KIP = 1,000 lbs.

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

3 of 7

Level Pick Points

10

Legend
W = Load Weight

L1

D1 = Distance of Side 1
D2 = Distance of Side 2

L2

(L1)(W)(D2)

TL1 =

H(D1 + D2)
L2(W)(D1)
H(D1 + D2)

TL2 =

L1 = Sling Length, Side 1

L2 = Sling Length, Side 2
H = Vertical Height
TL1 = Tension, Length 1

D2

D1

TL2 = Tension, Length 2

Off-level Pick Points

11

Legend
W = Load Weight
D1 = Distance of Side 1

L1

H2

D2 = Distance of Side 2
L1 = Sling Length, Side 1

L2

TL1 =

W D2 L 1
(D2 H1)+(D1 H2)

H1

L2 = Sling Length, Side 2

H1 = Vertical Height, Side 1
H2 = Vertical Height, Side 2

D2

D1

TL1 = Tension, Length 1

TL2 =

W D1 L2
(D2 H1)+(D1 H2)

TL2 = Tension, Length 2

3-Part Braided Wire Rope Sling Capacities (tons)

D/d of 4 for Component Parts of Body

12

Equivalent to
Standard Size
Flemished
Eye (inches)

Composed
of 3 parts
of EIP Rope
(inches)

7/16

1/4

1.7

1.3

9/16

5/16

2.6

5/8

3/8

3/4

4 of 7

Finished
Actual
Diameter
(inches)

Weight
Per Ft.
Approx.
(pounds)

3.4

1/2

.44

1.9

5.2

5/8

.68

3.6

2.7

7.2

3/4

.99

7/16

4.9

3.7

9.8

7/8

1.33

7/8

1/2

6.4

4.8

12.8

1.75

9/16

8.0

6.0

16.0

1-1/8

2.24

1-1/2

7/8

19.0

14.3

36.0

1-3/4

5.40

1-1/8

31.2

23.4

62.4

2-1/4

8.90

2-1/2

1-3/8

46.0

34.5

92.0

2-3/4

13.30

1-5/8

63.4

47.6

126.8

3-1/4

18.50

3-1/2

95.0

71.2

190.0

28.00

2-1/4

118.0

88.5

236.0

4-1/2

35.60

4-1/2

2-1/2

145.0

109.0

290.0

44.00

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

13

9-Part Braided Wire Rope Sling Capacities (tons)

Hitches
Finished
Diameter (inches)

Component
Parts (inches)

1/2

1/8

1.4

1.0

2.8

5/8

5/32

2.0

1.5

4.0

3/4

3/16

3.0

2.2

6.0

7/8

7/32

4.0

3.0

8.0

1/4

4.8

3.6

9.6

1-1/2

3/8

10.5

7.8

21.0

1/2

19.1

14.3

38.2

2-1/2

5/8

29.6

22.2

59.2

3/4

42.3

31.7

84.6

3-1/2

7/8

57.3

42.9

114.6

74.4

55.8

148.4

4-1/2

1-1/8

93.6

60.2

187.2

Ratings based on a minimum of a 1:1 D/d ratio in the eye of the sling.

Alloy Chain Sling Capacities (lbs.)

14

Grade 80
Single Leg

Two Leg Slings

Size in
inches
9/32
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1-1/4

Three & Four Leg Slings

60 o

45o

30 o

60o

45o

3,500
7,100
12,000
18,100
28,300
34,200
47,700
72,300

2,800
5,700
9,600
14,500
22,600
27,400
38,200
57,800

6,100
12,300
20,800
31,300
49,000
59,200
82,600
125,200

4,900
10,000
17,000
25,600
40,000
48,400
67,400
102,200

3,500
7,100
12,000
18,100
28,300
34,200
47,700
72,300

9,150
18,400
31,200
47,000
73,500
88,900
123,900
187,800

7,400
15,100
25,500
38,400
60,000
72,500
101,200
153,400

4,300
8,800
15,000
22,600
35,300
42,700

3,500
7,100
12,000
18,100
28,300
34,200

7,400
15,200
26,000
39,100
61,100
74,000

6,100
12,400
21,200
32,000
49,900
60,400

4,300
8,800
15,000
22,600
35,300
42,700

11,200
22,900
39,000
58,700
91,700
110,900

9,100
18,700
31,800
47,900
74,900
90,600

Grade 100
9/32
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

5 of 7

15

High Capacity Round Sling (lbs.)*

Dual-Path
Model

60o

45

Approx.
Body Width
(inches)

DP 1000

10,000

8,000

20,000

17,320

14,140

DP 1500

15,000

12,000

30,000

25,980

21,210

DP 2000

20,000

16,000

40,000

34,640

28,280

DP 2500

25,000

20,000

50,000

43,300

35,350

DP 3000

30,000

24,000

60,000

51,960

42,420

DP 4000

40,000

32,000

80,000

69,280

56,560

DP 5000

50,000

40,000

100,000

86,600

70,700

DP 6000

60,000

48,000

120,000

103,920

84,840

DP 7000

70,000

56,000

140,000

121,240

98,980

DP 8500

85,000

68,000

170,000

147,220

120,190

DP 10000

100,000

80,000

200,000

173,200

141,400

DP 12500

125,000

100,000

250,000

216,500

176,750

DP 15000

150,000

120,000

300,000

259,800

212,100

DP 17500

175,000

140,000

350,000

303,100

247,450

10

DP 20000

200,000

160,000

400,000

346,400

282,800

10

DP 25000

250,000

200,000

500,000

433,000

353,500

10

DP 27500

275,000

220,000

550,000

476,300

388,850

12

DP 30000

300,000

240,000

600,000

519,600

424,200

12

DP 40000

400,000

320,000

800,000

692,800

565,600

14

DP 50000

500,000

400,000

1,000,000

866,000

707,000

16

*Capacities shown include both paths and are for one complete sling; sling ratings based on fittings of equal or greater capacity.

Synthetic Sling Shackle

16

Web Slings*

Round
Sling
Size
(No.)

Webbing
Width
(in.)

Eye
Width
(in.)

Working
Load
Limit
(Tons)

3-1/4

3-1/4

1.5

4-1/2

6-1/4

8-1/2

8-1/2

* NOTE: Designed for use with Type III, (Eye & Eye), Class 7, 2 Ply web slings. For 3" and larger webbing width, tapered eye
is required.

Maximum Proof Load is 2-1/2 times the Working Load Limit. Minimum Ultimate strength is 5 times the Working Load Limit.

6 of 7

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

Alloy Master Links

17

Size
A
(in.)

Working
Load Limit
(lbs.)

1/2

7,000

5/8

9,000

3/4

12,300

7/8

15,000

24,360

1-1/2

54,300

102,600

2-1/2

160,000

228,000

3-1/2

279,000

373,000

4-1/2

360,000

395,000

Included and Horizontal Angles

2011 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. RGR REF BOOKLET REV 08/11

This Reference Booklet is for testing purposes only.

18

7 of 7

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE

CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS
2750 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 505
Fairfax, VA 22031-4312
Phone: 703-560-2391
Fax: 703-560-2392
[email protected]

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