COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 2

dB/NOISE

1. A current change that is equal to twice its
original value will correspond to a change of

a. 3 dB
b. 9 dB
c. 10 dB
d. 6 dB

2. What does a power difference of -3 dB
mean?

a. a loss of one third of the power
b. a loss of one-half of the power
c. a loss of 3 watts of power
d. no significant change

3. A gain of 60 dB is the same as a gain of

a. 10 volts/volt
b. 100 volts/volt
c. 1000 volts/volt
d. 10,000 volts/volt

4. _____ is mathematically equal to the
logarithm to the base ten of the power ratio
P1 over P2.

a. Bel
b. dB
c. bel/10
d. dB/2

5. Noise that is produced by the active
components within the receiver.

a. thermal
b. external
c. internal
d. white

6. Noise due to the random variation in the
arrival of charge carriers at the output
electrode of an active device.

a. shot
b. impulse
c. thermal
d. dynamic

7. A network has a loss of 20 dB. What power
ratio corresponds to this loss?

a. 0.01
b. 0.1
c. 10
d. 100

8. A receiver connected to an antenna whose
resistance is 60 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 40 ohms. Calculate the
receivers noise figure in decibels and its
equivalent noise temperature.

a. 1.67 & 194K
b. 2.23 & 194 K
c. 1.67 & 174K
d. 2.23 & 194K

9. _____ Noise is the most prevalent noise found
in urban areas and is normally caused by the
arc discharge from automobile or aircraft
ignition systems, induction motors, switching
gears, high voltage lines and the like.

a. Industrial
b. Johnson
c. Flicker
d. Mixer

10. The noise figure of a totally noiseless device is

a. unity
b. infinity
c. zero
d. 100


11. Indicate the noise whose source is in a
category different from that of the other
three.

a. solar
b. cosmic
c. atmospheric
d. galactic

12. The ratio (in dB) of the power of a signal at
point to the power of the same signal at the
reference point.

a. Transmission Level Point
b. Noise Figure
c. S/N Ratio
d. Neper

13. A network has a power gain of 3dB. If the
input power is 100 watts, the output power is

a. 50 watts
b. 55 watts
c. 60 watts
d. 62 watts
14. Which of the following types of noise
becomes of great importance at high
frequencies?

a. shot
b. random
c. impulse
d. transit time

15. The input current of a network is 190 A and
the output is 1.3 A. The loss in decibels is

a. 20.2
b. 21.6
c. 28.6
d. 43.3

16. If 4 networks connected in series have gains
of 0.5 dB, -0.3 dB, -2 dB and 6.8 dB, the
overall gain is

a. 2 dB
b. 2 dB

c. 4 dB
d. 4dB

17. What is the gain, in dB, if the output to input
ratio is 1000.

a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 10

18. The following are characteristics of noise
except

a. unwanted energy
b. predictable in character
c. present in the channel
d. due to any cause

19. The equivalent noise temperature of the
amplifier is 25K, what is the noise figure?

a. 10.86
b. 1.086
c. 0.1086
d. 1.86

20. A receiver connected to an antenna whose
resistance is 50 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 30 ohms. What is the receivers
noise temperature?

a. 464K
b. 754 K
c. 400 K
d. 174 K

21. A theoretical antenna has a gain of 1 dB. Its
gain in nepers is

a. 8.686
b. 0.1151
c. 6.868
d. 0.5111

22. What is the equivalent output of a circuit in
dBm, if it has an output of 10 watts?

a. 10 dBm
b. 30 dBm
c. 20 dBm
d. 40 dBm

23. An amplifier with an input resistance of 1000
ohms is operating over a 4 MHz bandwidth.
Calculate the rms noise voltage if the
amplifier is operating at 27 C.

a. 8.14 nV
b. 8.14 V
c. 6.6 nV
d. 6.6 V

24. The value of a resistor creating thermal noise
is doubled. The noise power generated is
therefore

a. halved
b. quadrupled
c. doubled
d. unchanged

25. One of the following is not a useful quantity
for comparing the noise performance of
receivers.
a. input noise voltage
b. equivalent noise resistance
c. noise temperature
d. noise figure

26. Any unwanted form of energy that tends to
interfere with the wanted signals is called

a. noise
b. spectrum
c. radiation
d. absorption

27. The correct symbol for decibel is

a. DB
b. dB
c. Db
d. db

28. _____ is the noise created outside the
receiver.

a. Internal
b. External
c. Shot
d. Industrial

29. _____ is the noise created by man.

a. Solar
b. Industrial
c. Extraterrestial
d. Galactic

30. A voltage change that is equal to twice its
original value correspond to a change of

a. 3 dB
b. 6 dB
c. 9 dB
d. 10 dB

31. Indicate the voltage level in dB with
reference to one volt. This unit is used in video
or TV measurement.

a. dBW
b. dBk
c. dBm
d. dBV

32. Which of the following is not an actual
amount of power?

a. dB
b. dBm
c. dBw
d. dBk


33. In noise analysis, the reference temperature is

a. 75 K
b. 250 K
c. 290 K
d. 300 K

34. Noise from distant planets, stars, galaxies and
other celestial objects are called

a. cosmic
b. extraterrestrial
c. galactic
d. black body

35. Indicate which one of the following types of
noise does not occur in transistors:

a. shot noise
b. flicker noise
c. partition noise
d. resistance noise

36. Which of the following is not a source of
space noise?

a. sun
b. star
c. lightning
d. black body

37. Noise that is due to the random and rapid
motion of the charge carriers inside a resistive
component.

a. Johnson
b. Thermal Agitation
c. White
d. all of the above

38. Indicate the false statement. The square of
the thermal noise voltage generated by a
resistor is proportional to

a. its resistance
b. its temperature
c. Boltzmanns constant
d. The bandwodth over which it is
measured

39. In a communications system, noise is likely to
affect the signal

a. at the transmitter
b. in the channel
c. in the information source
d. at the destination

40. The noise power generated by a resistor is
proportional to

a. temperature
b. bandwidth
c. a and b
d. NOTA

41. Thermal noise is also known as:

a. Gaussian Noise
b. White noise
c. Johnson noise
d. All of the above

42. This type of noise has a power spectrum
which decreases with increasing frequency.
It is most important at low frequencies (from 0
to about 100 Hz).

a. shot noise
b. flicker noise
c. diode noise
d. BJT noise

43. Industrial noise extends up to what
frequency?

a. 500 MHz
b. 500 GHz
c. 500 THz
d. 500 kHz

44. Impulse Noise is

a. a function of current
b. a short duration pulse
c. dependent of frequency
d. dependent of temperature

45. When the power ratio of the output to input
of a circuit is 200. What is the gain in dB?

a. 23
b. 46
c. 23
d. 46

46. What is the reference level for random noise
measurement, FIA weighted?

a. 82 dBm
b. -90 dBm
c. 85dBm
d. 77dBm

47. A 10 db pad has an output level of 3 dBm.
The level at the input is:

a. 13 dBm
b. 7 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. 7 dBm

48. The sum of three signals of 45dBm each is
_____dBm.

a. 45
b. 135
c. 20
d. 50

49. It is characterized by high amplitude peaks of
short duration in the total noise spectrum.

a. intermodulation voice
b. impulse noise
c. dropout
d. phase hits

50. Originally was determined by measuring the
interfering effect of noise in a Type 144
handset. A tone of 1 kHz, having a power
level of 90 dBm was selected as the reference
level.

a. noise figure
b. S/N ratio
c. Signal figure
d. Figure of merit

51. A power level of 50 W could be expressed
as:

a. 1.69 dBm
b. 4.3 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. 13 dBm

52. If a power of 0.25 mW is launced into a fiber
system with an overall loss of 15 dB the output
power would be:
a. 250 /W
b. 31.6 W
c. 7.9 W
d. 15 dBm
53. A system having an input power of 2 mW an
output power of 0.8 mW has a loss of:

a. 2.98 dBm
b. 3.98 dB
c. 3.98 W
d. 1.98 mW

54. An output of 10 dB means that the power
has been

a. halved in value
b. increased by a factor of 10
c. reduced by a factor of 10
d. doubled

55. Any unwanted form of energy interfering the
reception of wanted signal is called

a. noise
b. sideband
c. harmonics
d. modulation

56. Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it
passed over the transmission medium.

a. noise
b. distortion
c. attenuation
d. interference

57. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation
caused by imperfect response of the system
to the desired signal

a. noise
b. aliasing
c. distortion
d. interference

58. Signal attenuation can be corrected by

a. filtering
b. modulation
c. equalization
d. amplification

59. Distortion in a waveform can be corrected by

a. filtering
b. modulation
c. equalization
d. amplification

60. Signal contamination by extraneous or
external sources, such as, other transmitters,
power lines, and machinery.

a. noise
b. distortion
c. harmonics
d. interference

61. Man-made or industrial noise is also known as

a. noise
b. distortion
c. interference
d. thermal noise

62. The noise performance of a receiver or circuit.
It is expressed as ratio of the S/N power at the
input to the S/N power at the output.

a. Noise figure
b. S/N ratio
c. Signal figure
d. Figure of merit

63. Noise that is caused by natural disturbances
such as lightning discharge.

a. static noise
b. space noise
c. atmospheric noise
d. A or C

64. Atmospheric or static noise becomes less
severe at frequencies

a. below 30 KHz
b. between 30 KHz and 300 KHz
c. between 300 KHz and 30 MHz
d. above 30 MHz

65. Considered as space noise or extraterrestrial
noise.

a. solar noise
b. cosmic noise
c. black-body noise
d. all of the above

66. Which statement is not true?

a. Industrial noise is usually of impulse type.
b. Distant stars produce atmospheric noise.
c. Active switches are sources of man-
made noise.
d. Static noise is due to lightning discharges
and other natural electric disturbances
occurring in the atmosphere.

67. Noise performance of microwave system is
usually expressed in terms of

a. noise voltage, Vn = 4kTBR
b. noise power, Pn = KTB
c. noise temperature, Te = (F 1) 290
d. noise figure, F = (S/N)I / (S/N)o

68. Which circuit contributes most to the noise at
the receiver?

a. RF amplifier
b. Mixer
c. Detector
d. Local oscillator

69. Which noise figure represents the lowest
noise?

a. 1.5 dB
b. 2.0 dB
c. 3.7 dB
d. 4.1 dB

70. Denote the interference of noise in dB above
an adjusted reference noise. The adjusted
reference noise level was a 1 kHz tone, set at -
85 dBm

a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. pWp

71. The extent of noise referred to a test tone
level of zero dBm.

a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. pWp

72. An amplifier operating over a 4-MHz
bandwidth has a 100 input resistance and is
operating at 300K. Determine the noise
power generated.

a. 1.656 x 10
-14
Watts
b. 1656 nW
c. 1.656 pW
d. 1.656 W
73. Generally used when noise readings are
measured using the C-message weighting
network. The reference level was 1 kHz tone,
set at 90 dBm.

a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBaO
d. dBmC

74. The measurement of noise was made with a
C-message filter, and the reading is taken at
a test point where the level is zero dBm.

a. dBaO
b. dBmCo

c. dBa
d. dBmC

75.Which of the following is not an important
cause of distortion in DC signaling?

a. line resistance
b. line inductance
c. line capacitance
d. all of the above

76.There are a number of different sources of radio
noise, the most important being

a. galactic noise
b. man-made noise
c. atmospheric noise
d. all of the above

77.The amount of noise power is measured using a
psophometric weighting network. This unit of
measurement is generally used in Europe where
the standard reference tone is 800 hertz, 1
picowatt.

a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBaO
d. pWp

78.Noise produced mostly by lightning discharges
in thunderstorms.
a. white noise
b. industrial noise
c. atmospheric noise
d. extraterrestrial noise

79.Propagation of man-made noise is chiefly by
a. transmission over power lines and by
ground wave
b. space-wave
c. sky-wave
d. none of these

80.A more precise evaluation of the quality of a
receiver as far as noise is concerned.

a. S/N
b. VSWR
c. Noise factor
d. Noise margin

81.NIF stands for

a. non-intrinsic figure
b. noise interference figure
c. noise improvement factor
d. narrow intermediate frequency

82.External noise fields are measured in terms of

a. dc values
b. rms values
c. peak values
d. average values

83.Form of interference caused by rain, hail, snow
or dust storms

a. shot noise
b. galactic noise
c. impulse noise
d. precipitation static

84.Extra-terrestrial noise is observable at
frequencies from

a. 0 to 20 KHz
b. 8 MHz to 1.43 GHz
c. 5 to 8 GHz
d. 15 to 160 MHz

85.Industrial noise is observable from

a. 15 to 160 MHz
b. 200 to 3,000 MHz
c. 0 to 10 KHz
d. 8 MHz to 1.43 GHz

86.Noise that becomes significant at VHF range
and above

a. atmospheric
b. transit-time
c. galactic
d. white

87.Noise figure for an amplifier with noise is always

a. 0 dB
b. infinite
c. less than 1
d. greater than 1

88.The noise generated by the tube, transistor, or
integrated circuit in an amplifier.

a. white noise
b. amplification noise
c. active noise
d. dynamic noise

89.Electrical noise inherent to a particular device,
circuit, or system that remains when no other
signal is present.

a. shot noise
b. thermal noise
c. background noise
d. static noise

90.A wideband form of impulse noise generated
by the electric arc in the spark plugs of an
internal combustion engine. This noise is a
common problem in mobile radio system.

a. thermal noise
b. shot noise
c. amplification noise
d. ignition noise

91. The amount of power in dB referred to one
kilowatt.

a. dBW
b. dBk
c. dBm
d. dBV

92.Noise in any form of electromagnetic
interference that can be traced to non-
natural causes.

a. man-made noise
b. distortion
c. external noise
d. internal noise

93.The frequency range wherein noise is said to be
intense.

a. noise equivalent bandwidth
b. spectral response
c. cut-off frequency
d. noise cut-off frequency

94.Refers to the temperature that corresponds to
the spectral energy distribution of a noise.

a. absolute temperature
b. temperature band
c. noise-equivalent temperature
d. critical temperature

95.A passive circuit, usually consisting of
capacitance and/or inductance, that is
inserted in series with the a-c power cord of
an electronic device which will allow the 60-
Hz current to pass and suppressed high
frequency noise components.

a. noise filter
b. noise limiter
c. noise floor
d. noise quieting

96.What do you call the level of background
noise, relative to some reference signal.

a. noise figure
b. minimum noise
c. reference noise
d. noise floor

97.A circuit often used in radio receivers that
prevents externally generated noise from
exceeding a certain amplitude. They are also
called noise clippers.

a. noise floor
b. noise filter
c. noise limiter
d. noise clamper

98. It is referred to as a short burst of
electromagnetic energy.

a. pulse
b. noise pulse
c. spike
d. noise floor

99. The reduction of internal noise level in a
frequency-modulated (FM) receiver as a
result of an incoming signal.

a. noise quieting
b. noise limiting
c. noise suppression
d. noise degradation

100. Noise generated within electronic equipment
by either passive or active components.

a. shot noise
b. thermal noise
c. circuit noise
d. external noise

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 3
MODULATION

1. Having an information signal change some
characteristic of a carrier signal is called

a. Multiplexing
b. Modulation
c. Duplexing
d. Linear mixing

2. Which of the following is not true about AM?

a. The carrier amplitude varies.
b. The carrier frequency remains constant.
c. The carrier frequency changes.
d. The information signal amplitude
changes the carrier amplitude.

3. The opposite of modulation is

a. Reverse modulation
b. Downward modulation
c. Unmodulation
d. Demodulation

4. The circuit used to produce modulation is
called a

a. Modulator
b. Demodulator
c. Variable gain amplifier
d. Multiplexer

5. A modulator circuit performs what
mathematical operation on its two inputs?

a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Division
d. Square root

6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal
voltage to the peak carrier voltage is referred
to as

a. The voltage ratio
b. Decibels
c. The modulation index
d. The mix factor

7. If m is greater than 1, what happens?

a. Normal operation
b. Carrier drops to zero
c. Carrier frequency shifts
d. Information signal is distorted

8. For ideal AM, which of the following is true?

a. m = 0
b. m = 1
c. m < 1
d. m > 1

9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the
shape of the modulating signal and is called
the

a. Trace
b. Waveshape
c. Envelope
d. Carrier variation

10. Overmodulation occurs when

a. Vm > Vc
b. Vm < Vc
c. Vm = Vc
d. Vm = Vc = 0

11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an
AM wave on an oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3.
The percentage of modulation is

a. 10.7 percent
b. 41.4 percent
c. 80.6 percent
d. 93.3 percent
12. The new signals produced by modulation are
called

a. Spurious emissions
b. Harmonics
c. Intermodulation products
d. Sidebands

13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5-kHz
sine wave. The LSB and USB are, respectively,

a. 873 and 887 kHz
b. 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
c. 883.5 and 876.5 kHz
d. 887 and 873 kHz

14. A display of signal amplitude versus
frequency is called the

a. Time domain
b. Frequency spectrum
c. Amplitude spectrum
d. Frequency domain

15. Most of the power in an AM signal is in the

a. Carrier
b. Upper sideband
c. Lower sideband
d. Modulating signal

16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5 W. The
percentage of modulation is 80 percent.
The total sideband power is

a. 0.8 W
b. 1.6 W
c. 2.5 W
d. 4.0 W

17. For 100 percent modulation, what
percentage of power is in each sideband?

a. 25 percent
b. 33.3 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 100 percent

18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of
modulation of 88. The carrier power is 440 W.
The power in one sideband is

a. 85 W
b. 110 W
c. 170 W
d. 610 W

19. An AM transmitter antenna current is
measured with no modulation and found to
be 2.6 amperes. With modulation, the current
rises to 2.9 amperes. The percentage of
modulation is

a. 35 percent
b. 70 percent
c. 42 percent
d. 89 percent

20. What is the carrier power in the problem
above if the antenna resistance is 75 ohms?

a. 195 W
b. 631 W
c. 507 W
d. 792 W

21. In an AM signal, the transmitted information is
contained within the

a. Carrier
b. Modulating signal
c. Sidebands
d. Envelope

22. An AM signal without the carrier is called a(n)

a. SSB
b. Vestigial sideband
c. FM signal
d. DSB

23. What is the minimum AM signal needed to
transmit information?

a. Carrier plus sidebands
b. Carrier only
c. One sideband
d. Both sidebands

24. The main advantage of SSB over standard AM
or DSB is

a. Less spectrum space is used
b. Simpler equipment is used
c. Less power is consumed
d. A higher modulation percentage

25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to use?

a. Upper
b. Lower
c. Neither
d. Depends upon the use

26. The typical audio modulating frequency
range used in radio and telephone
communications is

a. 50 Hz to 5 kHz
b. 50 Hz to 15 kHz
c. 100 Hz to 10 kHz
d. 300 Hz to 3 kHz

27. An AM signal with a maximum modulating
signal frequency of 4.5 kHz has a total
bandwidth of

a. 4.5 kHz
b. 6.75 kHz
c. 9 kHz
d. 18 kHz

28. The modulation system used for telegraphy is

a. Frequency-shift keying
b. Two-tone modulation
c. Pulse-code modulation
d. Single-tone modulation

29. The process of translating a signal, with or
without modulation, to a higher or lower
frequency for processing is called

a. Frequency multiplication
b. Frequency division
c. Frequency shift
d. Frequency conversion

30. Frequency translation is carried out by a
circuit called a

a. Translator
b. Converter
c. Balanced modulator
d. Local oscillator

31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with a local
oscillator of 5 MHz. A filter selects the
difference signal. The output is

a. 1.8 MHz
b. 3.2 MHz
c. 5 MHz
d. 6.8 MHz

32. One type of pulse communications system
uses pulse that appear as a group, and which
vary in number according to the loudness of
the voice. This type of pulse modulation is
called

a. Pulse duration modulation
b. Pulse amplitude modulation
c. Pulse code modulation
d. Pulse position modulation

33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400-V peak-to-
peak signal across a 52- antenna load. The
PEP output is

a. 192.2 W
b. 384.5 W
c. 769.2 W
d. 3077 W

34. The output power of an SSB transmitter is
usually expressed in terms of

a. Average power
b. RMS power
c. Peak-to-peak power
d. Peak envelope power

35. The letter-number designation B8E is a form of
modulation also known as

a. Pilot-carrier system
b. Independent sideband emission
c. Lincomlex
d. Vestigial sideband transmission

36. Amplitude modulation is the same as

a. Linear mixing
b. Analog multiplication
c. Signal summation
d. Multiplexing

37. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the
AM wave is supplied by a(n)

a. Tuned circuit
b. Transformer
c. Capacitor
d. Inductor

38. Amplitude modulation can be produced by

a. Having the carrier vary a resistance
b. Having the modulating signal vary a
capacitance
c. Varying the carrier frequency
d. Varying the gain of an amplifier
39. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier
amplitude with the modulating signal by
passing it through an attenuator work on the
principle of

a. Rectification
b. Resonance
c. Variable resistance
d. Absorption

40. The component used to produce AM at very
high frequencies is a

a. Varactor
b. Thermistor
c. Cavity resonator
d. PIN diode

41. Amplitude modulation generated at a very
low voltage or power amplitude is known as

a. High-level modulation
b. Low-level modulation
c. Collector modulation
d. Minimum modulation

42. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of
48 V. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the
modulating signal for 100 percent modulation
is

a. 24 V
b. 48 V
c. 96 V
d. 120 V

43. A collector-modulated transmitter has a
supply voltage of 24 V and collector current
of 0.5 A. The modulator power for 100
percent modulation is

a. 6 W
b. 12 W
c. 18 W
d. 24 W

44. The circuit that recovers the original
modulating information from an AM signal is
known as a

a. Modulator
b. Demodulator
c. Mixer
d. Crystal set
45. The most commonly used amplitude
demodulator is the

a. Diode mixer
b. Balanced modulator
c. Envelope detector
d. Crystal filter

46. A circuit that generates the upper and lower
sidebands but no carrier is called a(n)

a. Amplitude modulator
b. Diode detector
c. Class C amplifier
d. Balanced modulator

47. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1
MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The outputs are

a. 500 kHz
b. 2.5 MHz
c. 1.5 MHz
d. Both a and b

48. A widely used balanced modulator is called
the

a. Diode bridge circuit
b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
c. Lattice modulator
d. Balanced bridge modulator

49. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like

a. Variable resistors
b. Switches
c. Rectifiers
d. Variable capacitors

50. The output of a balanced modulator is

a. AM
b. FM
c. SSB
d. DSB

51. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596
IC balanced modulator is a

a. Differential amplifier
b. Rectifier
c. Bridge
d. Constant current source

52. The most commonly used filter in SSB
generators uses

a. LC networks
b. Mechanical resonators
c. Crystals
d. RC networks and op amps

53. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal is a

a. Series resonant circuit
b. Parallel resonant circuit
c. Neither a nor b
d. Both a and b

54. A crystal lattice filter has crystal frequencies of
27.5 and 27.502 MHz. The bandwidth is
approximately

a. 2 kHz
b. 3kHz
c. 27.501 MHz
d. 55.502 MHz

55. An SSB generator has a sideband filter
centered at 3.0 MHz. The modulating signal is
3 kHz. To produce both upper and lower
sidebands, the following carrier frequencies
must be produced:

a. 2.7 and 3.3 MHz
b. 3.3 and 3.6 MHz
c. 2997 and 3003 kHz
d. 3000 and 3003 kHz

56. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one
sideband is canceled out due to

a. Phase shift
b. Sharp selectivity
c. Carrier suppression
d. Phase inversion

57. A balanced modulator used to demodulate
a SSB signal is called a(n)

a. Transponder
b. Product detector
c. Converter
d. Modulator

58. Frequency translation is done with a circuit
called a

a. Summer
b. Multiplier
c. Filter
d. Mixer

59. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In down
conversion, which of the following mixer
output signals is selected?

a. fo
b. fm
c. fo fm
d. fo + fm

60. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same
as

a. Rectification
b. AM
c. Linear summing
d. Filtering

61. Which of the following can be used as a
mixer?

a. Balanced modulator
b. FET
c. Diode modulator
d. All the above

62. The desired output from a mixer is usually
selected with a

a. Phase-shift circuit
b. Crystal filter
c. Resonant circuit
d. Transformer

63. The amount of frequency deviation from the
carrier center frequency in an FM transmitter
is proportional to what characteristic of the
modulating signal?

a. Amplitude
b. Frequency
c. Phase
d. Shape

64. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of
modulation?

a. Amplitude
b. Phase
c. Angle
d. Duty cycle

65. If the amplitude of the modulating signal
decreases, the carrier deviation

a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Both b and c

66. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while what
characteristic of the modulating signal is
changing?

a. Shape
b. Phase
c. Frequency
d. Amplitude

67. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM signal
occurs at

a. Zero crossing points
b. Peak positive amplitude
c. Peak negative amplitude
d. Peak positive or negative amplitudes
68. A 100-MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4-
kHz signal. The modulation index is

a. 5
b. 8
c. 12.5
d. 20

69. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2
kHz by a maximum modulating signal of 400
Hz. The deviation ratio is

a. 0.2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 40

70. According the Nyquist theorem, the sampling
rate that can be used in a PCM system is
__________ the highest audio frequency.

a. Once
b. Eight times
c. Twice
d. Thrice

71. SSB transmission requires only __________ of the
bandwidth for a DSBFC

a.
b. 2/3
c.
d.

72. Which of the following pulse modulation
systems is analog?

a. Delta
b. Differential PCM
c. PWM
d. PCM

73. Which of the following is not a major benefit
of FM over AM?

a. Greater efficiency
b. Noise immunity
c. Capture effect
d. Lower complexity and cost

74. The primary disadvantage of FM is its

a. Higher cost and complexity
b. Excessive use of spectrum space
c. Noise susceptibility
d. Lower efficiency

75. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal
dominating a weaker signal on a common
frequency is referred to as the

a. Capture effect
b. Blot out
c. Quieting factor
d. Domination syndrome

76. If the plate supply voltage for a plate-
modulated class C amplifier is E, the
maximum plate-cathode voltage could be
almost as high as

a. 4E
b. 3E
c. 2E
d. E

77. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following
the modulated stage must be

a. Linear devices
b. Harmonic devices
c. Class C amplifiers
d. Nonlinear devices

78. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM
wave is suppressed, the percentage power
saving will be

a. 50
b. 150
c. 100
d. 66.66

79. Leak-type bias is used in a plate-modulated
class C amplifier to

a. Prevent tuned circuit damping
b. Prevent excessive grid current
c. Prevent overmodulation
d. Increase the bandwidth

80. The output stage of a television transmitter is
most likely to be a

a. Plate-modulated class C amplifier
b. Grid-modulated class C amplifier
c. Screen-modulated class C amplifier
d. Grid-modulated class A amplifier

81. The modulation index of an AM wave is
changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted power
is

a. Unchanged
b. Halved
c. Doubled
d. Increased by 50 percent

82. One of the advantages of base modulation
over collector modulation of a transistor class
C amplifier is

a. The lower modulating power required
b. Higher power output per transistor
c. Better efficiency
d. Better linearity

83. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two
sine waves with modulation indices of 0.3 and
0.4; the total modulation index

a. 1
b. cannot be calculated unless the phase
relations are known
c. 0.5
d. 0.7



84. In the stabilized reactance modulator AFC
system,

a. The discriminator must have a fast time
constant to prevent demodulation
b. The higher the discriminator frequency,
the better the oscillator frequency
stability
c. The discriminator frequency must not be
too low, or the system will fail
d. Phase modulation is converted into FM
by the equalizer circuit

85. In the spectrum of a frequency-modulated
wave

a. The carrier frequency disappears when
the modulation index is large
b. The amplitude of any sideband depends
on the modulation index
c. The total number of sidebands depends
on the modulation index
d. The carrier frequency cannot disappear

86. The difference between phase and
frequency modulation

a. Is purely theoretical because they are
the same in practice
b. Is too great to make the two systems
compatible
c. Lies in the poorer audio response of
phase modulation
d. Lies in the different definitions of the
modulation index

87. Indicate the false statement regarding the
Armstrong modulation system.

a. The system is basically phase, not
frequency, modulation
b. AFC is not needed, as a crystal oscillator
is used
c. Frequency multiplication must be used
d. Equalization is unnecessary

88. An FM signal with a modulation index mf is
passed through a frequency tripler. The wave
in the output of the tripler will have a
modulation index of

a. mf/3
b. mf
c. 3mf
d. 9mf

89. An FM signal with a deviation is passed
through a mixer, and has its frequency
reduced fivefold. The deviation in the output
of the mixer is

a. 5
b. indeterminate
c. /5
d.

90. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise
immunity by

a. Boosting the bass frequencies
b. Amplifying the higher audio frequencies
c. Pre-amplifying the whole audio band
d. Converting the phase modulation to FM

91. Since noise phase-modulates the FM wave, as
the noise sideband frequency approaches
the carrier frequency, the noise amplitude

a. Remains constant
b. Decreased
c. Increased
d. Equalized

92. When the modulating frequency is doubled,
the modulation index is halved, and the
modulating voltage remains constant. The
modulation system is

a. Amplitude modulation
b. Phase modulation
c. Frequency modulation
d. Any one of the three

93. Indicate which one of the following is not an
advantage of FM over AM

a. Better noise immunity is provided
b. Lower bandwidth is required
c. The transmitted power is more useful
d. Less modulating power is required

94. One of the following is an indirect way of
generating FM. This is the

a. Reactance FET modulator
b. Varactor diode modulator
c. Armstrong modulator
d. Reactance bipolar transistor modulator

95. Indicate the false statement regarding the
advantages of SSB over double-sideband,
full-carrier AM.

a. More channel space is available
b. Transmitter circuits must be more stable,
giving better reception
c. The signal is more noise-resistant
d. Much less power is required for the same
signal strength

96. When the modulation index of an AM wave is
doubled, the antenna current is also doubled.
The AM system being used is

a. A3H
b. A5C
c. A3J
d. A3

97. Indicate which one of the following
advantages of the phase cancellation
method of obtaining SSB over the filter
method is false

a. Switching from one sideband to the
other is simpler
b. It is possible to generate SSB at any
frequency
c. SSB with lower audio frequencies present
can be generated
d. There are more balanced modulators;
therefore the carrier is suppressed better

98. The most commonly used filters in SSB
generation are

a. Mechanical
b. RC
c. LC
d. Low-pass

99. Indicate in which one of the following only
one sideband is transmitter

a. A3H
b. A3
c. A3B
d. A5C

100. A 3A modulation is sometimes used to

a. Allow the receiver to have a frequency
synthesizer
b. Simplify the frequency stability problem in
reception
c. Reduce the power that must be
transmitted
d. Reduce the bandwidth required for
transmission