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The Open University of Sri Lanka Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECX6333 - Microwave Engineering and Applications

This document contains questions and problems related to electromagnetic waves and microwave engineering. It asks the student to: 1) Write Maxwell's equations and expressions involving vector calculus. Derive the wave equation for electromagnetic waves in free space. 2) Solve the wave equation for plane waves and show specific field components satisfy it. Determine the phase and group velocities. 3) Solve the wave equation for a sinusoidal wave and sketch the electric field variations. 4) Analyze reflection and transmission at a dielectric boundary and derive Fresnel equations. 5) Analyze transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes in a rectangular waveguide. Determine dominant modes, cutoff frequencies, and field expressions.

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33 views3 pages

The Open University of Sri Lanka Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECX6333 - Microwave Engineering and Applications

This document contains questions and problems related to electromagnetic waves and microwave engineering. It asks the student to: 1) Write Maxwell's equations and expressions involving vector calculus. Derive the wave equation for electromagnetic waves in free space. 2) Solve the wave equation for plane waves and show specific field components satisfy it. Determine the phase and group velocities. 3) Solve the wave equation for a sinusoidal wave and sketch the electric field variations. 4) Analyze reflection and transmission at a dielectric boundary and derive Fresnel equations. 5) Analyze transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes in a rectangular waveguide. Determine dominant modes, cutoff frequencies, and field expressions.

Uploaded by

ohiru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Open University of Sri Lanka

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering


ECX6! "icro#ave Engineering and $pplications
$ssignment%&'()&
&.
(a) (i) 1. Write Maxwells equations.
2. Write expressions for
) .( A
and
) ( A
, where
A
is any vector
in the Cartesian coordinate system. (roofs are not necessary.)
(ii) !sin" (i) derive the wave equation #
1
2
2
2
2
=


t
E
c
E for the E $field in free
space.
# #
1

= c
.
(iii) What is a plane wave% &implify the wave equation you derived in (ii) for a
plane wave propa"atin" in the positive z$direction.
(') (i) (f the time$variation of the E$field is sinusoidal show that the wave equation
reduces to #
2
#
2
= + E k E
(ii) )or a plane wave propa"atin" in the positive z$direction show that field
component y
E
satisfies the equation
#
2
#
2
2
= +
y
y
E k
dz
E d
.
(iii) &how that
z jk z k
y
e E e E E
j
#
2
#
1
+
+ = is a solution to the equation "iven in '(ii),
where A and B are constants.
What *ind of wave does
z k j
e E
#
1

represent%
What *ind of wave does
z k j
e E
#
1
+
represent%
(c) (i) &how that
) cos(
# #
z k t E E
y
=
is a solution to '(ii).
(ii) &*etch
) (z E
y if

2
#
= = t t
.
(iii) &*etch
) (t E
y if
#
#
2k
z z

= =
.
(iv) +s you can see from c(i),
) , ( t z E
y can 'e considered as consistin" of infinite no.
of waves, each wave havin" a unique value for t.
(f we ma*e t discrete, we can write
) .(
#
t n t t t
n
+ = =
,
= , 1 , # n
and # t
.
&uppose at
#
t t =
we plot
) , (
#
t z E
y . ,onsider a point
#
P
(
#
z z =
) on this plot
and let the phase at #
P
'e

. When n - 1,
t t t t
# 1
+ = =
and we o'tain a
different plot. + point with a phase

can now 'e seen at a point


1
P (
z z z z
# 1
+ = =
).
1. Write a value for

usin" plot
) , (
#
t z E
y .
2. Write a value for

usin" plot
) , (
1
t z E
y .
.. )ind the speed at which #
P
has traveled to
1
P (i.e. speed at which the constant
phase point

is propa"atin".
/his is *nown as the phase velocity of the electroma"netic wave.
(.
(a) +n electroma"netic wave is normally incident on a dielectric 'oundary. /he
'oundary separates two dielectric media, medium 1 and medium 2. /he wave
travelin" in the medium1 after incidence on the 'oundary is partially reflected, rest
of the wave 'ein" transmitted throu"h the medium 2. (ntrinsic impedances of
medium 1 and medium 2 are
1
and
2
respectively.
(f the electric field intensities of incident$, reflected$ and the transmitted waves at the
'oundary are i
E
,
r
E and t
E
respectively,
(i) write an expression for
r
E and
t
E
in terms of
i
E
.
(ii) derive expressions for reflection$ and transmission coefficients usin" (i).
(') (i) !sin" Maxwells equations derive expressions for field components
#
x
H ,
#
y
H
,
#
x
E and
#
y
E
of a propa"atin" wave in terms of the position derivatives of
#
z
E .
(ii) !sin" the a'ove expressions show that propa"ation constant for TEM mode is
equal to
j
.
(c) (i) What is polari0ation of an electroma"netic wave%
(ii) /he electric field of an electroma"netic wave is "iven 'y z y
E a E =
, y
a
is the
unit vector in the positive y$direction and
z
E is the ma"nitude of the field.
&how that this is a linearly polari0ed wave.
(iii)/wo linearly polari0ed waves are travelin" in the same direction. /he electric
field stren"ths of the waves are "iven 'y
) cos( ) ( ) , (
1
z k t t C a t z E
x
=
and
) sin( ) ( ) , (
2
z k t t D a t z E
y
=
.
x
a
and y
a
are the unit vectors in the
positive$x$ and positive$y directions.
) (t C
and
) (t D
are time dependent
functions. 1ow the two waves are superimposed to ma*e one wave whose
electric field stren"th is "iven 'y ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
2 1
t z E t z E t z E + = .
1. &how that the newly formed wave is elliptically polari0ed.
2. !nder what conditions would the wave 'ecomes circularly polari0ed%
.
(a) /ransverse field components inside a rectan"ular wave"uide are "iven 'elow2
z j
c
x
e
b
y n
a
x m
A
ak
jm
E


=

sin cos
2

y
z j
c
y
e
b
y n
a
x m
A
bk
jn
E


=

cos sin
2

z j
c
x
e
b
y n
a
x m
A
bk
jn
H


=

cos sin
2

z j
c
y
e
b
y n
a
x m
A
ak
jm
H


=

sin cos
2

3ou are required to find the mode of propa"ation, whether it is TM or TE.
4et us ta*e it as mn
TX
.
(i) (f M X = what is the dominant mode%
(ii) (f E X = what is the dominant mode%
(iii)&how that # m
TX
cannot exist.
(iv) &how that n
TX
# cannot exist.
(v) What is X, M or E%
(vi) )ind the dominant mode for the a'ove field confi"uration.
(vii) Write an expression for
z
H .
(viii) With the help of a dia"ram 'riefly explain how the dominant mode can 'e
excited in the wave"uide.
(') (i) Write an expression for the propa"ation constant

of a wave propa"atin" in a
rectan"ular wave"uide for mn
TE
5 mn
TM
modes.
(ii) !sin" '(i) derive expressions for cutoff wave len"th and cutoff frequency for
mn
TE
5
mn
TM
modes.
(iii) !se the expression in '(ii) to calculate cutoff frequencies for dominant TE and
dominant TM modes.
x
a
b

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