Rotary Steerable Systems

Presenter:
Rajdeep Gupta
Applications Engineer
Drilling Systems, Celle

Chat Expert:
Stefan Krueger
Global Team Lead
Drilling Systems, Celle
2
Contents
The RSS steering principle
Basic insight on AutoTrak
Applications of AutoTrak
Discussion on Competitors RSS
Limitations of Motor Technology
Requires sliding for directional corrections
lower gross ROP
poor hole cleaning
stick-slip problems
downhole motor MWD
Poor steerabilitywith aggressive PDC bits
Trips needed to change build up rate
Increased torque & drag due to wellbore tortuosity
Initial reasons for the Development
Extended Drilling Range
AutoTrak drilling boundary
Old technology boundary
Infill and Satellite Development
Increased remaining
Reserves
Extended field life
6
AutoTrak RCLS Evolution & Growth
RCLS prototype
8G1.5 system 6G1.5 system
6G2 system
6G2.5 system
6G3 system
9G3 system
4G3 system
4AutoTrak
X-treme
6AutoTrak
X-treme
9AutoTrak
X-treme
6G1 system
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
3 1/8 Ultra Slim
AutoTrak X-treme
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Hole size range
3 7/8
9G2.5 system
T
i
m
e

l
i
n
e

5 5/8
7
More Than a Rotary Steerable System (RSS)
Automated rotary closed-loop steering (RCLS)
Integrated state-of-the-art formation evaluation systems
AutoTrak Steering Unit OnTrak

MWD/LWD and BCPM

8
AutoTrakG3 Steering Unit
Axial and radial Axial and radial
mud bearing mud bearing
Data and power Data and power
transmission transmission
Primary and secondary Primary and secondary
electronics electronics
Axial and radial Axial and radial
mud bearing mud bearing
3 independent rib 3 independent rib
hydraulics hydraulics
9
No rotating seals
High rpm capability
4.3/4 & 6 ASU: 400 rpm
9 ASU: 300 rpm
Superior bearing technology from Ultra motors
3x micro hydraulic system
90% size reduction + Redundancy
Precise &robust 3-point geometry
Steers reliable in all formations
AutoTrak

G3Steering Unit
10
4.3/4 AutoTrak

G3Steering Unit
V1
GT
Pump and compensation sub
Non Rotating sleeve
Control sub
11
OnTrak
Fully integrated system offers full suit of
Directional Control
FE Services (Gamma & MPR)
Pressure & Dynamics Monitoring
12
BCPM
Pulsing sequence of the tool
Recognizing Downlinks
Power Generation
PulserControl
13
RSS Actuation Point/ 3-Point Geometry
All RSS do work with 3-point
geometry to influence the bore hole
curvature
an actuator mechanism in the
RSS is bending the BHA
RSS work with either
Actuator behind near-bit
stabilizer (fulcrum point)
Near-bit actuators
Bearing
Housing
Stabilizer
Top
Stabilizer

L
1
L
2
Bit
Bearing
Housing
Stabilizer
Top
Stabilizer

L
1
L
2
Bit
14
14
Directional Principle
Force
Force
Vectors
Vectors
37% 37%
100%
0%
50%
Desired
Direction
Desired
Force %
15
15
Directional Principle
Force
Force
Vectors
Vectors
100%
0%
50%
Desired
Direction
Desired
Force %
37%
37%
Example: Rotation of Tool
Highside20 counter clock wise
16
16
Directional Principle
Force
Force
Vectors
Vectors
100%
0%
50%
Desired
Direction
Desired
Force %
48%
14%
Automatic readjustment of rib forces
To keep steer vector in desired direction!
1 sec update!
17
Wheredo I find Rib1?
Rib 1 - identified by an indentation
above
Ribs are numbered clockwise (looking
downhole) 1-2-3
Hydraulic unit #1 identified by notch
Indentation
Notch
18
Steering Control and Response
Independent of:
Bit pressure drop
Flow rate changes
Drilling fluid property changes
Benefits
Precise TVD control
Excellent hole quality
Optimised bit hydraulics
19
AutoTrak Features
Downlink on-the-fly
Reduced NPT
Enhanced ROP
Fastest Downlink
Proven down to + 38,000ft MD
Downlink Confirmation
Reduced drilling risk
Enhanced reservoir contact
Better wellbore placement
Closed-loop control downhole
Automated steering control
Smooth wellbore and
excellent TVD control
20
3D Directional Drilling:
Steerable Motor Assemblies vsAutoTrak
Well Path as Planned
KOP
Well drilled with a conventional steerable assembly
Sliding to get ahead of the plan line
timely Toolface orientation
Low WOB
Rotate and allow assembly to drop slightly below the
line
Well drilled with AutoTrak RCLS
Well drilling in rotary mode only
Downhole closed loops means inclination is
automatically measured and the tool corrects
downhole to stay on the line
Less Drag, Less Torque, Less Risk
Slide
21
Modes of Operation
HOLD modeunique precision
The tool adjusts steering vectors automatically to reach a target inclination and maintains this
inclination with high precision, simultaneously the well path can be turned.
Command data entered
Build Force, Walk Forceand Target Inclination
STEER mode
The tool steers with given toolface and given force
Command data entered
Steer Forceand Steer Direction
RIBS OFF mode- to obtain zero force on ribs
Ribs retracted into body
Not a steering mode tool effectively switched off
AutoTrak - Integrated System Approach
Pressure Management
Azimuthal Gamma Ray
Multiple Propagation Resistivity
Drilling Dynamics VSS / CoPilot
Density/Porosity - LithoTrak
Acoustic - SoundTrak
Formation Pressure TesTrak
Advanced LWD Imaging StarTrak
Magnetic Resonance MagTrak
Near Bit Resistivity ZoneTrak
The best sensor-to-bit distances of all RSS
Reservoir Navigation Rotary & GeosteeringCapabilities
23
Integrated BHA Concept - PentaCombo
ATK Steering
Unit
Modular Motor CoPilot
OnTrak BCPM
LithoTrak
ORD
Optimized Rotational Density
CCN
TesTrak
SoundTrak MagTrak
24
Applications
Efficient drilling
Precise steering
Complex trajectories
Extended reach drilling
25
Efficient Drilling
No sliding
Continuous hole cleaning
Excellent quality hole
Saves time
Reduces risk
26
6,657 ft, 135.5 drilling hrs
Excellent 3D control
FE-log quality benefiting from excellent bore hole quality
8 5 , 5
8 6 , 5
8 7 , 5
8 8 , 5
8 9 , 5
9 0 , 5
9 1 , 5
9 2 , 5
9 3 , 5
9 4 , 5
9 5 , 5
6 8 0 0 7 3 0 0 7 8 0 0 8 3 0 0 8 8 0 0 9 3 0 0 9 8 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 8 0 0
M e a s u r e d D e p t h
I
n
c
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
T a rge t I nc
A c tua l I nc
Precise Steering
Coning/Cresting of Horizontal Wellbores
Gas Cap
Aquifer
+8
+4
0
-4
-8
Ft TVD
3000 ft.
8 ft variation
4500 ft.
1 ft variation
Straighter Wells + Longer Wells = Less Water and Gas Production
===> Better Economics
Straighter Wells + Longer Wells = Less Water and Gas Production
===> Better Economics
28
Precise Extended Reach Drilling
AutoTrak drilled world record ERD well for ExxonMobil in Sakhalin Island
1,65 ft nominal TVD control
13 ft azimuthal target (almost due East azimuth)
MDs 30,760.... 38,322 ft
Well x
Well y
Well z
Improve
Drilling
Efficiency
30%
Eliminate
Steering
Problems
10%
Eliminate
Steering
Problems
10%
Improvement focus of RCLS Applications
Eliminate
Hole
Section
1%
Eliminate
Trips
2%
Enhanced
ROP
2%
Improve
Directional
Control
7%
Reduce
Circulation
Time
4%
Reduce
Operational
Risk
5%
Designer
Well
14%
Reservoir
Navigation
5%
Technical
Limit
Drilling
8%
TVD
Control
4%
Wellbore
Placement
5%
Enhanced
Oil
Production
3%
Based on 100 jobs
30
Experience
+ 5,400 jobs
+24 Million feet drilled
Hard rock
Weak rock
Deepwater
Complex Multi-laterals
ERD wells - on
land
ERD wells off shore
Deepwater ERD
31
Optimise Well Productivity & Field Recovery
Delivers Customer Value
Increased rig efficiency
Increased production
Greater reach capability
Reduced drilling risk
32
Impossible before AutoTrak RCLS
Expose >44,400 ft of reservoir
from a single slot
Reach inaccessible, trapped
reserves
Worlds most challenging profiles use AutoTrak RCLS
33
Major Competitors
These guys are SERIOUS
Schlumberger
PowerDrive Xtra
PowerDriveX5
PowerDrive Xceed
Halliburton
Geopilot Series (9600, 7600, 5200)
EZ-Pilot (former RST)
34
Emerging Competitors
Every man and his dog are after us.
Weatherford (Precision Drilling -Revolution)
Pathfinder (Pathmaker)
Andergauge(Dart)
Gyrodata(WellGuide)
Noble (ExpressDrill, WellDirector)
APS/BICO.
35
Bias
Static
Control
Valve
Rotation
Actuator
Schlumberger
PowerDrive (CamcoVariant)
36
Steering sometimes quite erratic
Aggressive gauge bits (eg HycRS bits) = poor hole quality
Relies on 700 psi bit pressure drop to generate piston force
Susceptible to stick-slip
Only has 81 Steering Vectors (AutoTrak has 7,500)
Not an integrated BHA = FE sensors are not near to the bit
Schlumberger PowerDrive
37
Schlumberger PowerDrive Xceed
38
Can use Bi-Centre Bits this will be a selling feature but bi-centres are not typically
favourable
Likely susceptible to stick-slip
Does not drill a continuous curve (duty cycle)
Drills an over gauge hole during duty cycle
Schlumberger PowerDriveXceed
39
Halliburton Geo-Pilot
40
Almost exclusively Point the Bit
Restricted to long gauge (DBS) bits
Claim perfect hole gauge quality but numerous incidents of LIH
Cruise Control (Hold Mode)
Not an integrated BHA = FE sensors are not near to the bit
Contains ROTATING SEALS on the non-rotating sleeve life limiting. Known to be a
weakness (POOH after 120 h)
Halliburton Geo-Pilot
AutoTrak Drills a CONTINUOUS Smooth Curve
Full (& closed loop) control over Steer Vector Magnitude & Direction
7,500 Vectors available in Steer Mode alone
PowerDrive
ONLY 81 Vectors available - never exactly the one required
Vectors are not accurately maintained
PowerDriveXceed(Direct)
Vector Direction only adjustable in 30deg increments (inaccurately maintained)
Drills a FRAGMENTED CURVE like a motor (Duty Cycle)
Drills overgaugehole with ledges at duty cycle transitions
GeoPilot
Drills a FRAGMENTED CURVE like a motor
Features & Benefits-
Smooth Curve
AutoTrak - Versatile, efficient, reliable
Patented communication from surface called Downlinking
4 minutes Downlinking - ON BOTTOM
Full Confirmation automatically sent using computer and patentedBypass Actuator
Features & Benefits-
2 Way Comms
PowerDrive& PowerDriveXceed- Limited / Rudimentary Comms
20 - 40 minutes - Manual pump manipulation
new fast Downlink available (~ 6 min)
GeoPilot - Limited / Rudimentary Comms
Must ORIENT steer direction from surface like a motor & manuallymanipulate
pumps
No full response
AutoTrak:
Closed loop control of the steering vector gives a very stable response
We are NOT orienting parts - just changing pressure to ribs - no inertia.
PowerDrive& PowerDriveXceed
Very susceptible to stick-slip - inertia of the system
Steering vector becomes unstable & response is lost
Less consistent steering response - get lucky in tangents - consistently poor as
soon as turns are required
Geo-Pilot
Susceptible to stick-slip - inertia of the rings bending the shaft
Steering rapidly lost if hole over gauge
Features & Benefits -
Reliable Steering Response
AutoTrak
Operation Independent of Bit Hydraulics
PowerDrive
Steering vector generated directly from mud hydraulics
Must have correct pressure drop at bit (typically 700psi)
If mud properties or drilling parameters change - steering response adversely
affected (eg. mud weight change due to loss or kick)
In soft formation, nozzlingbit for PowerDrivewashes out hole and steering is
lost
Blocked bit nozzle - steering response affected
GeoPilot
Operation Independent of Bit Hydraulics
Features & Benefits -
Bit Hydraulics
45
Motor OR Rotary Steerable
A Complex Question??
Each method has its own attributes
Which is best fit for your well?
Decision How to drill?
46
Application Consideration
The right tool for the right application
47
More Information
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Etc
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48
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