electroSome

HI-TECH C / PIC
MICROCONTROLLER /
TUTORIALS
13 COMMENTS
Using UART of PIC Microcontroller Hi
Tech C
BY LIGO GEORGE AUGUST 8, 2013
Using UART PIC Microcontroller Hi Tech CUART stands for Universal Asynchronous
Receiver / Transmitter. It is a serial communication interface which uses two lines for
sending (TX) and receiving (RX) data. As its name indicates it is an asynchronous
communication interface, which means it doesnt need to send clock along with it as
in synchronous communications. UART is the communication standard of our old
computers RS- 232 serial port. Most of the Microchips PICMicrocontrollers have
built in USART Module. USART stands for Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter. It can be configured in the following Modes :
UART Asynchronous (Full Duplex)
USRT Master Synchronous (Half Duplex)
USRT Slave Synchronous (Half Duplex)
In this tutorial we are concentrating on sending and receiving data in the UART Mode
using Hi-Tech C compiler. You may already know that Hi- Tech C has no built in
functions for these, so we require some hardware knowledge for writing the code. I
am going to explain it in deeply. If you dont need deep knowl edge in this, please
skip to the coding section.
PIC 16F877A USART in Detail
USART Registers PIC 16F877A
TXSTA Transmit Status and Control Register
TXSTA Transmit Status and Control Register
Bit 7 CSRC : Clock Source Select Bit, this bit has not application in the
Asynchronous mode operation of USART module. It is used to select master or
slave mode in Synchronous mode operation.
Bit 6 TX9 : When this bit is set it enables the 9 bit transmission otherwise 8 bit
transmission is used. 9
th
bit in the 9 bit transmission mode is commonly used as
N =
SEARCH HERE
Configuration Bits in Mid-
Range PICMicrocontrollers
Getting Started with PL2303
USB to UART Converter
Flow Control in Python
AM Generation using
Simulink
Generating PWM with PIC
Microcontroller using Hi-
Tech C
AM Generation using Matlab
Condenser Microphone
Using UART of PIC
Microcontroller Hi Tech C
NEXT STORY
Condenser Microphone

PREVIOUS STORY
Interfacing LCD with PICMicrocontroller
Hi Tech C

Tutorials
:
parity bit.
Bit 5 TXEN : Setting this bit enables the transmission. In the synchronous mode
operation CREN and SREN bits of RCSTA register overrides this bit.
Bit 4 SYNC : This is the USART Mode select bit. Setting this bit selects
Synchronous mode while clearing this bit selects Asynchronous mode.
Bit 3 Unimplemented : This bit is unimplemented and will read as 0.
Bit 2 BRGH : This is the High Baud Rate Select bit for Asynchronous mode
operation and is unused in Synchronous mode. Setting this bit selects High
Speed and clearing this bit selects Low Speed baud rates. You will can see the
baud rate calculation later in this article.
Bit 1 TRMT : This is the Transmit Shift Register (TSR) status bit. This can be used
to check whether the data written to transmit register is transmitted or not.
When the TRS is empty this bit is set and when the TSR is full this bit will be 0.
Bit 0 TX9D : This is the 9
th
bit of data in the 9 bit transmission mode. This is
commonly used as parity bit.
RCSTA Receive Status and Control Register
RCSTA Receive Status and Control Register
Bit 7 SPEN : Serial Port Enable bit. Setting this bit enables serial port and
configures RC7, RC6 as serial port pins.
Bit 6 RX9 : Setting this bit enables 9 bit reception otherwise it will be in 8 bit
reception mode.
Bit 5 SREN : Single Receive Enable bit. This bit has no effect on Asynchronous
mode and Synchronous Slave mode. Setting this bit will enables Single Receive.
This bit will cleared after the reception is complete.
Bit 4 CREN : Continuous Receive Enable bit. Setting this bit will enable
Continuous Receive. In the Synchronous Mode CREN overrides SREN.
Bit 3 ADDEN : Address Detect Enable bit. This bit is applicable only in
Asynchronous 9 bit mode. Setting this bit enables Address Detect.
Bit 2 FERR : Framing Error bit. 1 at this bit stands for Framing Error while 0
stands for No Framing Error.
Bit 1 OERR : Overrun Error bit. A high at this bit indicates that Overrun error has
occured.
Bit 0 RX9D : This is the 9
th
bit of Received Data and is commonly used as Parity
Bit.
USART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
Baud Rate Generator provides the required clock for the data transmission and
reception. USART module has a dedicated 8 bit baud rate generator which supports
both Synchronous and Asynchronous modes. The 8- bit SPBRG register controls the
time period of this free running timer. In Asynchronous mode BRGH, 2
nd
bit of TXSTA
register also controls the generated baud rate but in Synchronous mode it is ignored.
Baud Rate can be calculated from the following equations, where F
OSC
is the clock
frequency of the microcontroller.
Interfacing LCD with PIC
Microcontroller Hi Tech C
Getting Started with Scilab
Beginners Tutorial
MOST VIEWED
Voltmeter and Ammeter using PIC
Microcontroller - 47,589 views
Interfacing Stepper Motor with PIC
Microcontroller - 43,643 views
Digital Clock using PICMicrocontroller and
DS1307 RTC- 38,837 views
USB PICProgrammer : PICKit2 - 38,147
views
Interfacing DCMotor with PIC
Microcontroller using L293D - 37,388 views
SUBSCRIBETO OUR MAILS
Email Address*
Name*
* = required field
Preferred Format
HTML
Text
Subscribe
Pic Programming
Pic Microcontroller
Pic 16F877A
8051 Microcontroller
UART Microcontroller
UART Interface
PICUSART Baud Rate Formula
Hi-Tech C Programming
Initializing UART
char UART_Init(const long int baudrate)
{
unsigned int x;
x = (_XTAL_FREQ - baudrate*64)/(baudrate*64); //SPBRG for Low Baud Rate
if(x>255) //If High Baud Rate required
{
x = (_XTAL_FREQ - baudrate*16)/(baudrate*16); //SPBRG for High Baud Rate
BRGH = 1; //Setting High Baud Rate
}
if(x<256)
{
SPBRG = x; //Writing SPBRG register
SYNC = 0; //Selecting Asynchronous Mode
SPEN = 1; //Enables Serial Port
TRISC7 = 1;
TRISC6 = 1;
CREN = 1; //Enables Continuous Reception
TXEN = 1; //Enables Transmissio
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
Note : 6
th
and 7
t h
bit of TRISC registers are set as prescribed in the datasheet.
Transmitting Data through UART
Writing a Character
void UART_Write(char data)
{
while(!TRMT); //Waiting for Previous Data to Transmit completly
TXREG = data; //Writing data to Transmit Register, Starts transmission
}
Checking Transmit Register
This functions returns 1 if the transmit register is Empty otherwise return 0. It can be
used to check whether the written data is completed transmission.
char UART_TX_Empty()
{
return TRMT; //Returns Transmit Shift Status bit
}
Writing Text
The following function can be used to write a string or array of characters to UART. It
is accomplished by continuous use of character writing function UART_Write().
void UART_Write_Text(char *text)
{
int i;
for(i=0;text[i]!='';i++)
UART_Write(text[i]);
}
Receiving Data Through UART
Data Received or Not
The following function can be used to check whether the data is ready to read from
the Receive Register. It uses the flag bit RCIF which will be set when the data
reception is completed.
char UART_Data_Ready()
{
return RCIF;
}
Reading a Character
The following function wait till the reception is complete and reads 8 bit data from
the Receive Register.
char UART_Read()
{
while(!RCIF); //Waits for Reception to complete
return RCREG; //Returns the 8 bit data
}
Reading Text
The following function can be used to read a desired length of text or sequence of
characters continuously.
void UART_Read_Text(char *Output, unsigned int length)
{
int i;
for(int i=0;i<length;i++)
Output[i] = UART_Read();
}
For simplifying the program readability we put all the above function to a header file
uart.h. Thus you just need to include this header file and use required functions. For
demonstrating the working of these functions we are using the following example.
PIC to PIC Communication using UART
In this example we are controlling LEDs connected to a PIC using Switchs connected
to another PIC Microcontroller. For the sake of explanation call these microcontrollers
Slave and Master respectively. In the circuit diagram given below a DIP 8 Switch is
connected to PORTB of the Master Microcontroller which is configured as Input Port.
Pull Up resistors (10K) are connected to this port to make each pin HIGH when the
switch is OFF. When a Switch is turned ON, the corresponding pin will be Grounded
(LOW).
Data Read from the PORTB of Master Microcontroller is send to Slave Microcontroller
using UART interface. The Slave Microcontroller writes the received data to its
PORTB which is configured as Output. Thus LEDs connected to Slave Microcontroller
will Glow depending upon the status of the DIP Switch connected to the Master
Microcontroller.
Circuit Diagram
PICto PICCommunication UARTExample
Note : TX of Master Microcontroller is connected to RX of Slave Microcontroller and
RX of Master Microcontroller is connected to the TX of Slave Microcontroller.
Hi-Tech C Codes
Master Code
#include<htc.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000
#include "uart.h"
void main()
{
TRISB = 0xFF; //PORTB as Input
UART_Init(9600);
do
{
UART_Write(PORTB);
__delay_ms(100);
}while(1);
}
Slave Code
#include<htc.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000 //Clock Frequency
#include "uart.h"
void main()
{
Ayoub Ghallab and 2,396 others like this. Like
elect roSome
+ 347
Follow +1
TRISB = 0x00; //PORTB as Output
UART_Init(9600);
do
{
if(UART_Data_Ready())
PORTB = UART_Read();
__delay_ms(100);
}while(1);
}
Note : Dont forget to add Header file to the Project Folder and File list before
compiling.
Adding a Header File
Download Here
You can download uart.h header file, Hi- Tech C and Proteus files here
Using UART PIC Microcontroller Hi Tech C
Related Posts :
PICto PIC
Communication

Interf acing LCD
with PIC

Using Interrupt
wit h PIC

Using ADC
Module of PIC

Tags: Hi-Tech C Microcontroller PIC Proteus RS-232 UART USART
13 Comments

thexeno
Should not be zero one of those?
TRISC7 = 1;
TRISC6 = 1;

Ligo George Mod
It is declared in the header file.....

Rahul ch
Sir,
I am using PIC 16F687 and trying to serially communicate between these two PIC's.
the data sheet says EUSART can beimplemented, what is the main difference between
UART and EUSART.
It would be kind if you would help me with the code to do the above job.

bobby
hi mate the link to download the file is not working, can you update it please?

Ligo George Mod
The download link is updated..
Thanks..

bobby
wow, tanx alot for your fast reply :)

jaydip
how can we send a text like "hi" from one pic and receive it on another pic.
i m using pic 16f887. wanna send text and also receive it. compiler mikroc

Mrunal
Thanks for sharing! Can I use this UART routines in MikroC with PIC16F628A?

it's my opinion
what is the relation between BRGH and BRG16 bits ?

Ligo George Mod
BRGH16??
Ditch08
Good day sir!
just want to confirm if the transmission will still occur even if the 2 microcontrollers do not
have a common ground.
Blinking LED
using PIC
IR Infrared Transmitter and Receiver
using IR LED and TSOP1738

I want circuit with minimum range

i want to operate a dc motor

ebinji rocks!!
Interfacing Keypad with 8051
Microcontroller using Keil C

Thank You,

Thanks.

Ligo George Mod
The two microcontrollers must have common ground.. otherwise it will not work..

Ditch08
just as i thought. thanks for the reply :)