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Analog Lect 22 20032012

The document discusses different types of filters that can be implemented using a voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS). It summarizes the transfer functions and design parameters for low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject, and all-pass filters. Key parameters discussed include the center frequency, quality factor, gain, and how to transform between different filter types by substituting terms in the transfer function.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views14 pages

Analog Lect 22 20032012

The document discusses different types of filters that can be implemented using a voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS). It summarizes the transfer functions and design parameters for low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject, and all-pass filters. Key parameters discussed include the center frequency, quality factor, gain, and how to transform between different filter types by substituting terms in the transfer function.

Uploaded by

Angad Sehdev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE C364/INSTR C364

Analog Electronics
First order Filter
Lecture 22
20-03-2012
Sallen-Key (VCVS) Filters
) ( ) 1 (
) (
V that so KV V But
) (
V node at KCL
) ( ) ( ) (
V Node at KCL
3 2 1 4 3 2 2 1
2 1 0
0
2
4 1
1 2 0
4 2 2 2 1
2
3 0 1 2 2 1 1 1
1
Y Y Y Y Y Y K Y Y
Y KY
V
V
s H
V
KY
Y Y
Y V Y V V
Y V V Y V V Y V V
S
S
+ + + +
= =
+
= =
=
+ =
VCVS Low-pass filter
High pass filter
High pass filter
( )
1.414 2k filter, h butterwort a for function transfer standard with the comparing
C C R R
C R
K - 1
C R
1
C R
1
2k and
C C R R
1
where
2
) (
) ( ) 1 (
) (
2 / 1
2 1 2 1
2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1
2
2 2
2
0
3 2 1 4 3 2 2 1
2 1 0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = =
+ +
= =
+ + + +
= =
c
c c S
S
s k s
Ks
V
V
s H
Y Y Y Y Y Y K Y Y
Y KY
V
V
s H
e
e e
High pass filter Design
1) C
1
= C
2
= C
2) R
1
= R
2
= R
3) C
1
= C
2
= C and R
1
= R
2
= R
In the low-pass filter we got the values:
1) R
1
= R
2
= R=1 C
1
= 0.4 and C
2
= 2.5
2) C
1
= C
2
= C =1
3) C
1
= C
2
= C and R
1
= R
2
= R
K = 3-1.414 = 1.586
R
A
= 1kO and R
B
= 0.586 kO
2 R and
2
1
2 1
= = R
VCVS Band-Pass filter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To transform normalized Substitute for s in T(s)
low-pas filter to
-----------------------------------------------------------------
L H
L H
L H
L H
c
s
s
s
s
s
e e
e e
e e
e e
e
+

+
2
2
) (
filter reject - Band
) (
filter Pass - Band
filter Pass High
VCVS Band-Pass filter
1 s
Q
1
s
s
Q
T
T(s) or
1 BWs s
BWs T
T(s) get we
1 s
T
T(s) function nsfer filter tra pass low in the s Replacing
1 for
1 f
Q factor quality The
1
BW
1
as written be can ation transform the , 1 For
BW and define We
) (
1, h filter wit pass low of expression in the s substitute We
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ +
=
+
=
= = =
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
= =

+
=
e
e
e e e e e
e e
e e
e
BW BW
s
s
s
s
L H L H
L H
L H
VCVS Band-Pass filter
VCVS Band-Pass filter
) /R R ( 1 K : gain Amplifier
K) - 1/(3 Q : factor - Q
K) - K/(3 T : f at Gain
RC) 1/(2 f frequency centre The
1 s
Q
1
s
s
Q
T
T(s) equation with the comparing
1 ) 3 (
) (
A B
0 0
0
2
0
0
2 2
0
2 2
0
+ =
=
=
=
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ +
=
t
e e
e
s K RC s C R
s KRC
s T
VCVS Band-reject filter
1 s
Q
1
s
1) (s T
T(s) or
1 BWs s
) 1 ( T
T(s) get we
1 s
T
T(s) function nsfer filter tra pass low in the s Replacing
1 for
1 f
Q factor quality The
1
B
as written be can ation transform the , 1 For
BW and define We
) (

1, h filter wit pass low of expression in the s substitute We
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
+ +
+
=
+
=
= = =
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
= =
+

=
s
BW BW
s
s
W
s
s
L H L H
L H
L H
e
e
e e e e e
e e
e e
e
VCVS Band-reject filter
) /R R ( 1 K : gain Amplifier
K) - 2(2
1
Q : factor - Q
K T : f at Gain
RC) 1/(2 f frequency centre The

1 s
Q
1
s
1) (s T
T(s) equation with the comparing
1 ) 2 ( 2
) 1 (
) (
A B
0 0
0
2
2
0
2
2
+ =
=
=
=
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
+ +
+
=
t
s K s
s K
s T
VCVS all-pass filter
i
i
i
i i i i
i i
c
c
i i
j j
i i
i
i i
i
a
a s frequencie
b b a
b a
T
b
e e
s b s a
s b s a
s b s a
s b s a
ator deno
s b s a
i
gr
4 2 2 2
2
gr c
gr
gr
gr
gr
2
i 1 -
2
2
2
2
1 1
2
1 1
0
2
1 1
0
b
Q as defined is factor quality The
1
T 0), ( low At
) 2 ( 1
) 1 ( 1
T 1, For
d
d
2
1
2
t
t
T delay, group Normalized
d
d
- t by, given is delay group
1
a
tan -2 -2 where
1
) 1 (
) 1 (
T(s)
as written is filter pass all an of function transfer general The
1
1
T(s)
get we , min complex conjugate with the T the replacing
1
T
T(s)
filter pass - low a of function transfer general he Consider t
=
=
+ +
+
= =
= = =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
= =
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
=

[
[

t
e
e e
e
t
e
e
|
t t
e
e
|
e
e
o |
| o

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