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    Aircraft Propulsion: Propeller Efficiency

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    psppunk7182
    This document discusses different types of aircraft propulsion systems including propellers, piston engines, jet engines, and more. It provides information on propeller efficiency as related to thrust and power coefficients. Details are given on piston engines and how their power varies with altitude. The main types of jet engines - turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop - are defined. The thrust equation for jet engines is outlined relating thrust to mass flow rate and change in velocity and pressure of exhaust gases. An example calculation is shown for the static thrust of a turbojet engine. Resources on propeller wind tunnels, jet engine assembly, and jetpacks/wing suits are listed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Aircraft Propulsion: Propeller Efficiency

    Uploaded by

    psppunk7182
    30 views10 pages
    This document discusses different types of aircraft propulsion systems including propellers, piston engines, jet engines, and more. It provides information on propeller efficiency as related to thrust and power coefficients. Details are given on piston engines and how their power varies with altitude. The main types of jet engines - turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop - are defined. The thrust equation for jet engines is outlined relating thrust to mass flow rate and change in velocity and pressure of exhaust gases. An example calculation is shown for the static thrust of a turbojet engine. Resources on propeller wind tunnels, jet engine assembly, and jetpacks/wing suits are listed.

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    10

    Original Title

    MAE02_L10_AirProp

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    This document discusses different types of aircraft propulsion systems including propellers, piston engines, jet engines, and more. It provides information on propeller efficiency as related to thrust and power coefficients. Details are given on piston engines and how their power varies with altitude. The main types of jet engines - turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop - are defined. The thrust equation for jet engines is outlined relating thrust to mass flow rate and change in velocity and pressure of exhaust gases. An example calculation is shown for the static thrust of a turbojet engine. Resources on propeller wind tunnels, jet engine assembly, and jetpacks/wing suits are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views10 pages

    Aircraft Propulsion: Propeller Efficiency

    Uploaded by

    psppunk7182
    This document discusses different types of aircraft propulsion systems including propellers, piston engines, jet engines, and more. It provides information on propeller efficiency as related to thrust and power coefficients. Details are given on piston engines and how their power varies with altitude. The main types of jet engines - turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop - are defined. The thrust equation for jet engines is outlined relating thrust to mass flow rate and change in velocity and pressure of exhaust gases. An example calculation is shown for the static thrust of a turbojet engine. Resources on propeller wind tunnels, jet engine assembly, and jetpacks/wing suits are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Aircraft Propulsion

    Propeller Efficiency
    Piston Engines
    Thrust Equation
    Jet Engines
    MAE 2
    2
    MAE 2
    Aircraft Propeller Efficiency
    The propeller efficiency is the ratio of power available from the propeller (to move the
    airplane) to the power elivere by the engine!
    =
    T
    A
    V
    P
    =propeller efficiency
    T
    A
    =thrust available (move airplane)
    V =airspeed
    P=engine shaft power
    "efine power an thrust coefficients as follows#
    c
    P
    =
    P
    n
    3
    D
    5
    c
    T
    =
    T
    A
    n
    2
    D
    4
    c
    T
    =thrust coefficient [1/rev/rev
    c
    P
    =power coefficient [1/rev/rev/rev
    =atmospheric density
    D=propeller diameter
    n=propeller angular velocity [rev/s
    J =advance ratio [1/rev
    =
    T
    A
    V
    P
    =
    n
    2
    D
    4
    c
    T
    V
    n
    3
    D
    5
    c
    P
    =

    c
    T
    c
    P

    V
    n D

    c
    T
    c
    P

    J J =
    V
    n D
    $
    MAE 2
    Motor Test Stand
    The motor test stan measures an isplays thrust an torque!
    Motor power % torque & rotational rate!
    An optical tachometer is available to measure propeller rotational rate!
    A hanhel anemometer measures airspee!
    '
    MAE 2
    Example Propeller Charts
    Avance (atio ()*rev)
    Avance (atio ()*rev)
    E
    f
    f
    i
    c
    i
    e
    n
    c
    y
    T
    h
    r
    u
    s
    t

    +
    o
    e
    f
    f
    i
    c
    i
    e
    n
    t
    Mc+ormic,- .!/!- Aeroynamics-
    Aeronautics- an 0light Mechanics- /iley- )121!
    3
    MAE 2
    Piston Engines
    A reciprocating engine prouces power by moving a piston insie a cyliner!
    A typical engine has inta,e- compression- power (ignition)- an e&haust stro,es!
    A normally aspirate engine (no turbo or supercharger) loses power as altitue
    increases!
    A turbo4 or super4charge engine maintains constant power up to a critcal altitue of
    about 25-555 ft!
    .elow critical altitue#
    Above critical altitue#
    P
    A
    P
    SL

    SL

    P
    A
    P
    SL
    P
    A
    P
    SL

    crit

    P
    A
    =engine power available
    P
    SL
    =engine power at sea level
    =density at altitude

    SL
    =density at sea level
    =density at altitude

    SL
    =density at critical altitude
    6
    MAE 2
    Jet Engine Types
    A turbo7et has all inlet air passing through the combustion area of the engine!
    The thrust of a turbofan engine is a combination of thrust prouce by fan blaes an
    7et thrust prouce from the e&haust no88le!
    The ratio of the weight of air bypassing the combustion area to total weight of air entering
    the engine is calle the bypass ratio!
    A turboprop uses a gas turbine to rive a propeller!
    .oth the turbofan an turboprop impart momentum to greater volumes of air than a
    turbo7et- but the velocity ae to the air is less!
    2
    MAE 2
    Thrust Equation
    A 7et engine prouces thrust by ta,ing a small amount of air an giving it a lrage
    increase in velocity (thereby changing its momentum)!
    Available thrust generally varies with altitue#
    V V
    e
    A
    e
    p
    p
    e
    "
    i
    f
    f
    u
    s
    e
    r
    +
    o
    m
    p
    r
    e
    s
    s
    o
    r
    .
    u
    r
    n
    e
    r
    T
    u
    r
    b
    i
    n
    e
    9
    o
    8
    8
    l
    e
    T
    A
    T
    SL

    SL

    T =

    m
    air
    V
    e
    V p
    e
    p A
    e
    The thrust equation for a 7et engine is given by#
    T
    A
    =thrust available

    m
    air
    =air mass flow rate
    V
    e
    =e!it velocity
    p
    e
    =e!it pressure
    A
    e
    =e!it area
    V =airspeed
    p=ambient pressure
    :
    MAE 2
    Turbojet Example
    Jet+at P:54;E Turbo7et
    <le (otational ;pee $3-555 rev*min
    Ma& (otational ;pee )23-555 rev*min
    <le ;tatic Thrust $ 9
    Ma& ;tatic Thrust 12 9
    <le 0uel +onsumption 5!523 ,g*min
    Ma& 0uel +onsumption 5!2$$ ,g*min
    Air Mass 0low (ate 5!23 ,g*s
    E&haust =as Temperature 3)5 > 255 +
    E&haust =as ?elocity )$12 ,m*hr
    Pressure (atio 2!'
    T

    m
    air
    V
    e
    =

    "#25
    kg
    s

    13$%
    km
    hr

    hr
    3&""s

    1"""m
    km

    s
    2
    N
    kg m

    =$% N=22lb static thrust#


    1
    MAE 2
    Pratt !hitney JT"A#$ Turbojet
    M
    c
    +
    o
    r
    m
    i
    c
    ,
    -

    .
    !
    /
    !
    -

    A
    e
    r
    o

    y
    n
    a
    m
    i
    c
    s
    -
    A
    e
    r
    o
    n
    a
    u
    t
    i
    c
    s
    -

    a
    n


    0
    l
    i
    g
    h
    t

    M
    e
    c
    h
    a
    n
    i
    c
    s
    -

    /
    i
    l
    e
    y
    -

    )
    1
    2
    1
    !
    ;ea @evel '3-555 ft
    )5
    MAE 2
    %esources
    Propeller /in Tunnel
    http#**www!youtube!com*watchAv%9Eaf,9uqBbC
    Trent Engine .uil
    http#**www!youtube!com*watchAv%Da8s""0s;2C
    Jetman
    http#**www!7etman!com

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