Basic Rules for Clandestine Activity - Feel free to critique

If accepted, this information will appear in the files section in

pdf format (complete with illustrations)
It is a sli!htly modified form of a "#$%s African &ational
Con!ress'(outh African Communist party trainin! pamphlet dealin!
with )tradecraft) *radecraft is the various tric+s and tactics used
,y intelli!ence a!encies and clandestine or!ani-ations for
communicatin! (amon!st other thin!s) while under enemy surveillance
.lease ,e advised that this is simply a primer on tradecraft
/owever, althou!h 0ust a ,asic introduction, it is perhaps one of
the few pu,lically-availa,le e1amples of 23B tradecraft as provided
to (oviet client states and allied non-state actors For further
info on 23B tradecraft **.s as decompiled ,y 4( intelli!ence see the
&(A 5enona pro!ram
In my opinion, tradecraft has a place in militia or!ani-ation and
operations simply ,ecause not all activities can ,e carried out
openly for 6.(7C reasons *his material is presented purely to show
what has wor+ed for an insur!ent or!ani-ation in (outh Africa and to
stimulate discussion Feel free to critique this material and offer
your own thou!hts on the su,0ect
(%"
" I&*R684C*I6&
*here is nothin! sinister a,out usin! clandestine methods to help
win freedom *hrou!h the a!es the rulin! classes have made it as
difficult as possi,le for the oppressed people to !ain freedom *he
oppressors use the most cruel and sinister methods to stay in power
*hey use un0ust laws to ,an, ,anish, imprison and e1ecute their
opponents *hey use secret police, soldiers, spies and informers
a!ainst revolutionary movements But we +now how to fi!ht ,ac+ and
how to use secret methods of wor+
(ecrecy has /elped us 6utwit the 7nemy9
*he enemy tries to !ive the impression that it is impossi,le to
carry out ille!al wor+ *he rulers ,oast a,out all our people they
have +illed or captured *hey point to the freedom fi!hters loc+ed
up in the prisons But a lot of that tal+ is sheer ,luff 6f course
it is impossi,le to wa!e a stru!!le without losses *he very fact,
however, that we have survived years under!round is proof that the
re!ime cannot stop our no,le wor+ It is ,ecause we have ,een
masterin! Clandestine activity that we have ,een a,le, more and
more, to outwit the enemy
8iscipline, 5i!ilance and (elf-Control9
Clandestine methods are ,ased on common sense and e1perience But
they must ,e mastered li+e an art 8iscipline, vi!ilance and self-
control are required A resistance or!ani-er in &a-i-occupied France
who was never captured said this was ,ecause he :never used the
telephone and never went to pu,lic places li+e ,ars, restaurants and
post offices; /e was livin! a totally under!round life But even
those mem,ers of a secret movement who have a le!al e1istence must
display the qualities we have referred to
(tudy and Apply the Rules of (ecrecy9
<ost people +now from movies and ,oo+s that Clandestine activity
involves the use of codes, passwords, safe houses and hidin! places
6peratives must study the rules of secrecy and apply them seriously
*his ena,les us to ,uild up clandestine or!anisations *his
clandestine networ+ ,ecomes a vital force in helpin! to lead the
people in the stru!!le for freedom In this pamphlet we will discuss
such topics as9
= /ow to set up a clandestine networ+>
= *he rules of Clandestine 6perations>
= /ow to thwart surveillance>
= Clandestine forms of communication>
= *echnical <ethods such as secret writin!, hidin! places etc>
= /ow to ,ehave under interro!ation
*hese are amon! the main elements of Clandestine activity
*o or!anise in secret is not easy, ,ut remem,er9 *he most difficult
wor+ is the most no,le?
@ (7**I&3 4. A CAA&87(*I&7 &7*B6R2
Be have said that Clandestine activity helps us overcome the
pro,lems created ,y the enemy *his helps in the vital tas+ of
,uildin! an under!round or!anisation or clandestine networ+ *he
networ+ must lead the people to freedom It does not compete with
the pro!ressive le!al or!anisations ,ut reinforces them Aet us loo+
at some of the main measures involved9
6nly serious and relia,le people can ,e included in the clandestine
networ+ *he leaders must study the potential recruits very
carefully *hey are loo+in! for people who are ideolo!ically ali!ned
with our aims, determined, disciplined, honest and so,er .eople who
can +eep a secret .eople who are ,rave and capa,le of defyin! the
enemy even if captured
Recruits are or!anised into a unit or cell of three or four people
*he num,er is limited in case of failure or arrest *he cell leader
is the most e1perienced person *he cell mem,ers must not +now the
other mem,ers of the networ+
6nly the cell leader +nows and is in contact with a more senior
mem,er of the networ+ *his senior contact !ives instructions from
the leadership and receives reports
A small committee of the most e1perienced people leads the networ+
*his is a leadership cell of two or three persons *his cell mi!ht
,e in char!e of a factory, location, township or city A city
networ+ ta+es the form of a pyramid *he city under!round committee
is at the top Aocal cells are at the ,ase <iddle command cells are
in ,etween (tart with one cell 3ain e1perience ,efore ,uildin!
more (dia!ram ")
8ia!ram " C (ample Cell &etwor+
A rule of clandestine operations is that mem,ers must +now only that
which is necessary to fulfill their tas+s 7veryone, from top to
,ottom, must have !ood cover stories to protect them *his is a
le!end or story which hides or camoufla!es the real wor+ ,ein! done
For e1ample9 a secret meetin! in a par+ is made to loo+ li+e a
chance meetin! ,etween friends If they are ever questioned they
!ive the le!end that they simply ,umped into each other and had a
discussion a,out foot,all
All mem,ers of the networ+ are !iven code names *hese conceal their
real identities *hey must have !ood identification documents
7specially those livin! an ille!al life A lot of time and effort
must ,e !iven to creatin! !ood le!ends to protect our people *here
is nothin! that arouses suspicion as much as a stran!er who has no
!ood reason for ,ein! around
All ille!al documents, literature, reports and weapons (when not in
use) must ,e carefully hidden (pecial hidin! places must ,e ,uilt
Codes must ,e used in reports to conceal sensitive names and
information
*he leaders must see that all mem,ers are trained in the rules and
methods of Clandestine activity It is only throu!h this trainin!
that they will develop the s+ills to outwit the enemy
*echnical methods such as the use of invisi,le writin!, codes and
dis!uise must ,e mastered Counter-surveillance methods which help
chec+ whether one is ,ein! watched ,y the enemy must ,e +nown
Clandestine forms of communicatin! ,etween our 6peratives must ,e
studied and used *his is all part of the trainin! *hese methods
will ,e dealt with later
(peciali-ation9 6nce the networ+ has ,een developed some cells
should speciali-e in different tas+s such as propa!anda, sa,ota!e,
com,at operations, mass recruitin!'civic action, union or!anisation
etc
In the meantime you can start puttin! into practice some of the
points already dealt with Be!in to wor+ out le!ends in your wor+
Bhat innocent reason can you !ive if a friend or a policeman finds
this pamphlet in your possessionD
E (6<7 R4A7( 6F CAA&87(*I&7 6.7RA*I6&(
Carelessness leads to arrests Aoose tal+ and stran!e ,ehaviour
attracts the attention of police and security forces Clandestine
activity needs vi!ilance and care Rules of secrecy help to mas+ our
actions and overcome difficulties created ,y the enemy But first
let us study the followin! situation9
Bhat &ot *o 8o
F, a trade unionist, also leads a secret cell /e phones G and H,
his cell mem,ers, and arran!es to meet outside a cinema F leaves
his office and rushes to the meetin! E% minutes late G and H have
,een an1iously chec+in! the time and pacin! up and down *he three
decide to !o to a near,y cafe where they have often met ,efore *hey
tal+ over tea in low tones .eople from the cinema start comin! in
6ne is a relative of F who !reets him G and H are nervous and
a,ruptly leave Bhen F is as+ed who they were he hesitates and,
wantin! to impress his relatives, replies9 :*hey;re !ood !uys who
li+e to hear from me what;s !oin! on; *his opens the way for a lon!
discussion on politics F has made many errors which would soon put
the police on the trail of all three *hese seem o,vious ,ut in
practice many people ,ehave 0ust li+e F *hey do not prepare
properly> rush a,out attractin! attention> fail to +eep time> do not
cover the activity with a le!end (cover story)> tal+ loosely etc
6thers pic+ up the ,ad style of wor+ F should set a !ood e1ample
for G and H *o avoid such mista+es rules of secrecy must ,e studied
and practiced *hey mi!ht seem o,vious ,ut should never ,e ta+en for
!ranted
*hin!s to Remem,er
Always have a ,elieva,le; le!end to cover your wor+? (F could have
said G and H were wor+ers he va!uely +new whom he had met ,y
chance
and had ,een encoura!in! to 0oin the union)
4nder!round mem,ership must ,e secret? (F had no need to refer to G
and H as :!ood !uys;)
Behave naturally and do not draw attention to yourself? :Be li+e the
people; <er!e with them? (F, G and H ,ehaved suspiciously)
&o loose tal+? 3uard secrets with your life? Follow the sayin!9
:8on;t trust anyone and tal+ as little as possi,le; (F fails here)
Be vi!ilant a!ainst informers? *hey try to !et close to you, usin!
militant tal+ to :test; and trap you (Can F ,e so sure of his
relativeD)
Be disciplined, efficient, punctual (F was none of these) 6nly wait
ten minutes at a meetin! place *he late comer may have ,een
arrested
<a+e all preparations ,eforehand? Avoid a re!ular pattern of
,ehaviour which ma+es it easy for the enemy to chec+ on you (F made
poor arran!ements for the meetin!> rushed there from a sensitive
place and could have ,een followed> used the cafe too often)
8o not try to discover what does not concern you? 2now only what you
have to +now for carryin! out your tas+s
Be careful what you say on the phone (which may ,e :,u!!ed;), or in
a pu,lic place (where you can ,e overheard)? Conceal sensitive
information such as names etc ,y usin! simple codes?
Remove all traces of ille!al wor+ that can lead to you? Bipe
fin!erprints off o,0ects 2now that typewriters can ,e traced> !oods
,ou!ht from shops can ,e chec+ed
/ide materials such as leaflets, weapons etc? But not where you
live <emori-e sensitive names, addresses etc 8on;t write them down?
Carry relia,le documents of identification?
2now your town, its streets, par+s, shops etc li+e the palm of your
hand? *his will help you find secret places and ena,le you to chec+
whether you are ,ein! followed
If you are arrested you must deny all clandestine activity and never
reveal the names of your 6peratives even to the point of death?
Finally, if any mem,er of your under!round cell is arrested, you
must immediately act on the assumption that they will ,e forced to
!ive information *his means ta+in! precautions, such as !oin! into
hidin! if necessary Bhen the rules of secrecy are practiced
revolutionaries ma+e !ood pro!ress .ractice ma+es perfect and with
discipline and vi!ilance we will outwit the enemy and we will win?
I (4R57IAAA&C7
" Bhat is (urveillanceD
In their efforts to uncover secret revolutionary activity the police
put a close watch on suspected persons and places *his or!anised
form of o,servation is called surveillance *here are two !eneral
types of surveillance9 mo,ile and stationary <o,ile is sometimes
refer red to as :tailin!; or :shadowin!; and involves followin! the
suspect (su,0ect) around (tationary is o,servin! the su,0ect, his
or her home and wor+place, from a fi1ed position *his can ,e from a
par+ed car, nei!h,orin! ,uildin! or shop and is referred to as a
:sta+e-out; in detective movies and *5 shows (urveillance com,ines
,oth :tailin!; and :sta+e-outs;
@ Counter-(urveillance
<em,ers of a clandestine networ+ must use methods of counter-
surveillance to protect themselves and their under!round
or!anisation Gou can esta,lish whether you are ,ein! watched or
followed *hese methods can ,e effectively used and help you to !ive
the police the impression that you are not involved in Clandestine
activity Before considerin! these methods of protection, however,
we need to ,e more aware of the enemy;s surveillance methods For it
is not possi,le to deal with surveillance unless we +now how it
operates
E Aim of (urveillance
*he primary aim of surveillance is to !ather information a,out the
su,0ect and to chec+ out whether he or she is involved in
Clandestine activity *he police see+ to esta,lish the lin+s ,etween
the su,0ect and those he or she mi!ht ,e wor+in! with *he enemy
wants to identify you and locate the residences and secret places
you use *hey try to collect evidence to prove that ille!al wor+ has
,een committed An important use of surveillance is to chec+ on
information received from informers
I 8ecision for (urveillance
A decision to place a su,0ect under surveillance is ta+en at a hi!h
level *he decision will include the intensity and duration for
e1ample whether for $, "J or @I hours per day over a period of one,
two, three or more wee+s *he decision will involve placin! the
su,0ect;s house and wor+place under o,servation and havin! his or
her phone tapped either temporarily or permanently *he num,er of
persons involved in the operation will ,e decided upon and they will
,e !iven the +nown facts a,out the su,0ect includin! a description
or photo!raph Bhether the surveillance ends with the arrest of the
su,0ect will depend on what is learnt durin! the investi!ation
K *he (urveillance *eam
(pecially trained plainclothes men and women are used to carry out
surveillance *heir identities are +ept strictly secret *hey are
not the normally +nown or pu,lic special ,ranch policemen *hey are
a!ed ,etween @K and K% years and have to ,e physically fit for wor+
In appearance and dress they are avera!e types *hey try to ,lend in
with their surroundin!s and avoid drawin! attention to themselves
For e1ample, smartly dressed surveillance operators will not ,e used
to follow a person of middle eastern appearance in a poor, run-down
immi!rant area
A team may consist of @-I people with a car in support 4sually one
team is used at a time ,ut more will ,e deployed if required *he
su,0ect will ,e followed ,y foot, car or pu,lic transport if
necessary *he surveillance operators communicate with each other ,y
discreet hand si!nals and small radios *hey ma+e minor chan!es in
their clothin! and appearance to help prevent reco!nition For the
same reason they try to avoid a,rupt and unnatural movements when
followin! the su,0ect
In a crowded city street they will :stic+; close to the su,0ect
(within @% metres) for fear of losin! him or her In a quiet
residential area they will :han!; ,ac+ (over K% metres) for fear of
e1posin! themselves *hey have set plans and procedures for
:tailin!; the su,0ect which involves the constant interchan!in! of
positions It is important to +now these various techniques of foot
and vehicle surveillance
K (4R57IAAA&C7 *7C/&IL47(
Be have defined surveillance as an or!anised form of o,servation in
which the police put a close watch on suspected persons or places
5arious types of surveillance and techniques of :tailin!; the
su,0ect are used A su,0ect;s home or place of wor+ mi!ht ,e under
o,servation from a stationary or :fi1ed; position such as a
nei!h,orin! residence or vehicle All comin!s and !oin!s are
recorded Bhen the su,0ect leaves his or her home they may ,e
followed ,y foot or car or com,ination of ,oth All the places they
visit and people they meet are noted, photo!raphed and followed too
if necessary
Foot (urveillance
At least two people will ,e used to follow the su,0ect whom we will
call :(; *hey will communicate throu!h hand-si!nals and :wal+ie-
tal+ie; radios so as to !uide and assist each other *hey will +eep
as close to ( as "K metres in crowded areas and han! well ,ac+, up
to "%% metres, in quiet streets *hey will try to ,e as
inconspicuous as possi,le so as not to arouse (;s suspicions *hey
will have a car to assist them, which +eeps out of si!ht in the
ad0acent streets
*wo-<an or :AB; (urveillance
*he person followin! directly ,ehind ( is A *he second person is B,
who follows on ,ehind A, as if in a chain A and B alternate
positions, :leap-fro!!in!; over each other (Fi!ure ") Bhen ( turns
ri!ht at a corner A drops ,ac+ out of si!ht and B ta+es the lead
position An alternative technique is for A to cross the road and
then turn ri!ht In this case A is not now followin! directly ,ehind
B as in a chain, ,ut is parallel to B on the opposite side of the
road to ,oth B and ( and sli!htly to their rear (Fi!ure @) A and B
will avoid direct contact with ( If ( now crosses the street to the
left A will either fall ,ac+, enter a shop or wal+ swiftly ahead,
while B will follow ( from his side of the street (Fi!ure E)
*hree <an or :ABC; (urveillance
Inclusion of the e1tra man ma+es tailin! ( easier A follows (, B
follows A and C operates across the street from ( to the rear Bhen
( turns a corner, A may continue in the ori!inal direction, crossin!
the street instead of immediately turnin! A thus ta+es the C
position, whilst either B or C can ta+e A;s ori!inal position
(Fi!ure I)
A variety of techniques can o,viously ,e used But the idea is
!enerally the same *hose followin! must +eep the su,0ect under
constant o,servation without arousin! suspicion *he more persons
used, the !reater the scope and fle1i,ility of the operation
Remem,er9 By +nowin! the methods of the enemy we can deal with him
and defeat him?
8ia!ram @ C Foot (urveillance
Be have dealt a,ove with followin! people on foot Be now turn to
:tailin!; ,y vehicle
5ehicle (urveillance
A variety of vehicles may ,e used in surveillance car, van, truc+ or
motor,i+e *hese must ,e dependa,le and powerful ,ut not flashy so
as to avoid attractin! attention A surveillance vehicle will carry
no visi,le police identification ,ut of necessity will ,e equipped
with a two-way radio (so loo+ out for the antenna?)
In heavy traffic the tailin! vehicle will stic+ close ,ehind the
suspect;s vehicle, hereafter referred to as the su,0ect or :(; In
li!ht traffic it will han! well ,ac+, ,ut it will always try to +eep
two or three cars ,ehind ( (Fi!ure "), especially in 6ne-5ehicle
(urveillance *he tailin!-vehicle will remain in the same lane as (
to avoid ma+in! sudden turns from the wron! lane *here are normally
two persons in a tailin! vehicle *he passen!er is always ready to
ali!ht and carry out foot surveillance if ( par+s his or her car or
!ets out of it As in foot surveillance, inconspicuous actions are
required so as not to arouse the suspicions of ( Bhen more tailin!
vehicles are used, the scope and fle1i,ility of the operation is
increased But normally two tailin! vehicles are utilised *he
num,er depends on the de!ree of ur!ency of the operation
8ia!ram E C 5ehicle (urveillance
*wo and *hree 5ehicle (urveillance
Bhen two tailin! vehicles are used, the lead tail A will remain two
or three cars ,ehind ( and B will remain ,ehind A, as in a chain
*hey will always +eep switchin! places (Fi!ure @) Bhen usin! a
parallel tailin! technique, A remains ,ehind ( and B +eeps pace in a
parallel street A and B +eep switchin! positions (Fi!ure E) Bith
three tailin! vehicles the possi,ilities are increased A and B
follow ( in a chain and a third vehicle C travels in a parallel
street C may even speed ahead of (, awaitin! it at an intersection
,efore fallin! in ,ehind and ta+in! A;s position *his allows A to
turn off and follow in a parallel street (Fi!ure I)
Reflectors and Bleepers
*hose carryin! out surveillance may try to place a strip of
reflectori-ed tape on the rear of the su,0ect;s vehicle or ,rea+ a
tail-li!ht to ma+e it easier to spot it at ni!ht 6r they may place
an electronic tailin! device on (;s car, called a Bumper Bleeper
*his is a small metal ,o1 which can ,e fi1ed to the vehicle with
ma!nets in seconds A radio si!nal is transmitted which the tailin!
vehicle pic+s up on a receiver (;s car can ,e trac+ed even when out
of view? 3.( trac+ers are also now routinely used (uch !ad!ets do
not, however, ma+e it impossi,le to avoid ,ein! tailed It only
means that you must ,e alert and chec+ for such devices 2nowin! it
is there can help you to really mislead the enemy?
.ro!ressive (urveillance
*his technique is used when e1treme caution is needed ,ecause the
su,0ect is li+ely to use all methods to uncover possi,le
surveillance ( is only followed for a limited distance each day ,y
foot or car 6,servation is pic+ed up a!ain at the time and place
where it was previously discontinued *his continues day after day
until surveillance is completed or discontinued Remem,er? 2now the
enemy;s methods to deal with him and defeat him?
J C64&*7R-(4R57IAAA&C7
Be have ,een e1aminin! the enemy;s surveillance methods, that is,
the forms of o,servation used to watch suspects and uncover
clandestine activity Be now turn to counter-surveillance, which is
the methods we use to deal with enemy o,servation
Lualities &eeded
For successful counter-surveillance you need to ,e aware of your
surroundin!s and ,e alert to what is !oin! on round you *hat means
havin! a thorou!h +nowled!e of the town or area in which you live
and wor+ and +nowin! the ha,its of the people Gou need ,asic common
sense, alertness and patience to!ether with cool and natural
,ehaviour and a +nowled!e of certain tactics or ruses (which will ,e
discussed later) It is important not to draw attention to oneself
,y stran!e ,ehaviour such as constantly loo+in! over one;s shoulder
And one must !uard a!ainst paranoia, that is, ima!inin! that
everyone you see is followin! you It is necessary to develop powers
of o,servation and memory (which come with practice) so that you
notice what is usual and remem,er what you have seen It is when you
notice the same person or unusual ,ehaviour a third or fourth time
that you are a,le to conclude that it adds up to surveillance and
not coincidence
Are Gou Bein! BatchedD
(tudy the normal situation where you live, wor+ and sociali-e so as
to immediately reco!nise anythin! out of the ordinary Are stran!ers
loiterin! a,out the streetsD Are stran!e cars par+ed where the
occupants have a commandin! view of your homeD *hey may ,e a
distance away spyin! on you throu!h ,inoculars 8o the vehicles have
antennae for two-way radio communicationD 8o you notice such
stran!ers or vehicles on several occasions and in other parts of the
townD *his would serve to confirm interest in you
/ave stran!ers moved into nei!h,orin! houses or flatsD 8o you notice
unusual comin!s and !oin!s or suspicious movements at upstairs
windowsD *ry discreetly to chec+ who such people are *he enemy
mi!ht have created an o,servation post in the house opposite the
road or placed an a!ent in the room ne1t door to you? Be sensitive
to any chan!e in attitude to you ,y nei!h,ours, landlady, shop+eeper
etc *he enemy mi!ht have mo,ili-ed them for surveillance 2now such
people well, includin! the local children, and ,e on !ood terms with
all *hen if stran!ers question them a,out you, they will ,e more
inclined to inform you of the enquiries
2now the ,ac+ routes and concealed entrances into your area so that
you may slip in and out unnoticed (ecretly chec+ what is !oin! on
in the vicinity after pretendin! to retire for the ni!ht Avoid
peerin! from ,ehind curtains, especially at ni!ht from a lit room
*his is as suspicious as constantly !lancin! over one;s shoulder and
will only alert the enemy to conceal themselves ,etter
Record all unusual incidents in a note ,oo+ so you can analyse
events and come to a conclusion Be alert with persons you mi1 with
at wor+ or socially, and those li+e receptionists, supervisors,
waiters and attendants who are well-placed to notice one;s movements
*elephone and <ail
.hone tappin! often causes faults Chec+ with nei!h,ours whether
they are havin! similar pro,lems or is your phone the e1ception Is
your post ,ein! interfered withD Chec+ dates of postin!, stamp
cancellation and delivery and compare the time ta+en for delivery
with your friends 71amine the envelopes to chec+ whether they have
,een opened and !lued down in a clumsy way (ome of these chec+s do
not necessarily confirm that you are ,ein! watched ,ut they alert
you to the possi,ility
*o confirm whether you are in fact under o,servation requires
techniques of chec+in! which we will e1amine ne1t
M */7 C/7C2 R64*7
*he Chec+ Route is a planned 0ourney, prefera,ly on foot, alon!
which a person carries out a num,er of discreet chec+s in order to
determine whether they are under surveillance *hese chec+s ta+e
place at predetermined chec+ points which must !ive you the
opportunity of chec+in! for possi,le surveillance without arousin!
the suspicion of those tailin! you
*he chec+ route should cover a distance of E-I+m, include such
activities as shoppin!, ma+in! innocent enquiries, catchin! a ,us,
en0oyin! refreshments etc, and should last a,out one hour *he route
should include quiet and ,usy areas ,earin! in mind that it is
easier that you have a valid reason for your movements If your
actions are stran!e and ine1plica,le you will arouse the suspicions
of those followin! you
/ere is an e1ample of a typical chec+ route (horta!e of space
o,li!es us to confine the chec+ points into a smaller area 0ust a
few city ,loc+s than would actually ,e the case Chec+ points are
num,ered " to "@
8ia!ram I C Chec+ Route on Foot
F wal+s down the street and pauses at a cinema to e1amine the
posters -this !ives a !ood chance to loo+ ,ac+ down the street and
to notice those passin! ,y (without loo+in! over his shoulder),
F crosses the road loo+in! ri!ht and left and pops into a lar!e
store> he positions himself near the entrance whilst appearin! to
e1amine !oods on display> he notices anyone enterin! after him>
wanders around the store usin! lift, stairways etc in order to spot
anyone payin! special interest in him> departs at side e1it and
crosses street into little-used alleyway or arcade> here he sli!htly
pic+s up speed and crosses street, where a shop with lar!e plate
!lass windows !ives !ood reflection of alley out of which he has
emer!ed> F notices whether anyone is comin! out of that alley to
catch up with him
F now proceeds down the street into ,oo+shop with commandin! view of
the street he has come down> he ,rowses around noticin! anyone
enterin! after him> he also o,serves whether anyone e1amines the
,oo+s he has ,een ,rowsin! throu!h (for a tail would want to chec+
whether F has left a secret communication ,ehind him for a contact)>
F ma+es a small purchase and e1its
enters par+ and wal+s alon! windin! paths which !ive !ood view of
rear> F throws away an empty ci!arette pac+ and retires to
an out-door restaurant where he ,uys a cappuccino> he o,serves
whether anyone pic+s up the ci!arette pac+ which a tail would want
to chec+ as in K> and notices the customers arrivin! after him> any
tail would want to chec+ whether F is meetin! someone> as F leaves
he notices whether any of the customers are ea!er to leave
immediately after him
F crosses the street into a .ost 6ffice> once inside he is a,le to
o,serve whether anyone is crossin! the street from the par+ after
him> he ,uys some stamps and notices anyone queuin! ,ehind him (a
tail will ,e especially interested in transactions ta+in! place in
post offices, ,an+s etc)> F may also ma+e a :phone call at a pu,lic
,o1 and chec+ whether anyone attempts to overhear his conversation>
on departin! F stops a stran!er in the street to as+ him the way>
this allows him to chec+ whether anyone has followed him out of the
.ost 6ffice> a tail would also show interest in this stran!er (who
mi!ht ,e F;s contact) and a mem,er of the surveillance team mi!ht
follow this stran!er;>
F continues down the street, turns sharply at the corner and
a,ruptly stops at a to,acconist> anyone followin! will most li+ely
come quic+ly around the corner and could ,ecome startled on findin!
F ri!ht in his path
F crosses the street and 0oins the queue at a ,us stop ("") noticin!
those 0oinin! the queue after him> a ,it of actin! here !ives the
impression that F is unsure of the ,us he wants to catch> he could
allow a couple of ,uses to !o ,y noticin! anyone who is doin! the
same> as a ,us arrives at the stop across the road ("@), F suddenly
appears to realise it is his and dashes across the road to catch it
as it pulls away> F is alert to anyone 0umpin! on the ,us after him
and will also pay attention to whoever !ets on at the ne1t few stops
(uch a series of chec+s must ,e carried out immediately prior to any
sensitive appointment or secret meetin! If nothin! suspicious has
occurred durin! the Chec+ Route F proceeds to his secret appointment
or mission If, on the other hand, F has encountered certain persons
over and over a!ain on the Chec+ Route he will assume he is under
surveillance and ,rea+ his appointment Bear in mind that anyone
followin! you, even professionals, may ,ecome indecisive or startled
should your paths une1pectedly cross A Chec+ Route should also ,e
carried out from time to time to chec+ whether a person is :clean;
or not
$ C/7C2 R64*7 BI*/ A((I(*A&C7 A&8 BG 57/ICA7
Chec+ Route is a planned 0ourney, the o,0ect of which is to chec+
whether you are ,ein! followed *he previous e1ample was a chec+
route on foot, ,y a person actin! alone
Bith assistance from fellow 6peratives the e1ercise ,ecomes more
effective *he e1ercise follows similar lines as previously outlined
e1cept that an 6perative is stationed at each chec+ point and
o,serves whether anyone is followin! you as you pass ,y It is
essential that your ,ehaviour appears normal and does not loo+ as
thou!h :chec+in!; is ta+in! place
8ia!ram K C Chec+ Route By 5ehicle
Aet us suppose that you are F 6peratives G and H position
themselves at chec+ points G" and H" respectively *hese o,servation
points must !ive a !ood view of your movements, ,ut +eep the
6peratives hidden from enemy a!ents who mi!ht ,e tailin! you After
F passes each chec+ point the 6peratives move to new positions, in
this case G@ and H@ *hey may in fact cover four to five positions
each and the whole operation should ta+e one to two hours over an
area of three or four +ilometers Chec+in! 6peratives must ta+e up
each position in !ood time
(uch chec+ points could ,e9
From inside a coffee shop G !ets a !ood view of F enterin! the ,an+
opposite
H" H is in a ,uildin! (roof !arden, ,alcony or upper floor window)
watchin! F;s pro!ress down the street and into the ,oo+shop
G@ G has moved into par+ and o,serves F;s wanderin!s from par+ ,ench
amon! the trees
H@ H has time to occupy par+ed cars in car par+ with !ood view of
all movement After the e1ercise G and H meet to compare notes Bhat
suspicious individuals have they o,servedD Bere such people noticed
in F;s vicinity on more than 0ust one or two occasionsD Bas their
,ehaviour stran!e and were they showin! unusual interest in F@ !oin!
into chec+ what he was up toD Bas a vehicle followin! them in
support and were persons from the vehicle ta+in! it in turns to
follow FD (uch persons are more easily noticed and remem,ered in
quiet rather than ,usy areas?
Remem,er9 In order to carry out Clandestine activity you must +now
whether you are under surveillance or are clean?
# C/7C2I&3 BG CAR
*here are many ways of counterin! enemy surveillance when usin! a
vehicle Be e1tra o,servant when approachin! your par+ed car and
when drivin! off *his is the most li+ely point at which tailin! may
start from your home, wor+, friends, meetin! place Be on the
loo+out for stran!e cars, with at least two passen!ers (usually
males) Bhen drivin! off ,e on the loo+out for cars pullin! off
after you or possi,ly followin! you from around the corner Bear in
mind that the enemy may have two or three vehicles in the vicinity,
lin+ed ,y radio *hey will try to follow you in an interchan!in!
sequence (the so-called A,B,C technique) Cars A, B and C will
constantly e1chan!e positions so as to confuse you
Ruses9
After drivin! off it is a useful procedure to ma+e a 4-turn and
drive away in the opposite direction, forcin! any surveillance car
into a hurried move As you proceed, notice vehicles ,ehind you your
rear-view mirror is your ,est friend?
Also pay attention to vehicles travelin! ahead which may
deli,erately allow you to overta+e them Cars waitin! ahead of you
at 0unctions, stop street and ,y the roadside must ,e noted too Gou
will often find vehicles travelin! ,ehind you for quite a distance,
particularly on a main road or lin+ road Avoid ,ecomin! nervous and
over-reactin! 8o not suddenly speed ahead in the hope of losin!
them
Remem,er that the point of counter-surveillance is to determine
whether you are ,ein! followed or not Rather travel at normal speed
and then sli!htly reduce speed, !ivin! normal traffic the chance of
overta+in! you If the followin! vehicle also reduces speed, then
,e!in to accelerate sli!htly Is that vehicle copyin! youD If so,
turn off the main road and see if it follows A further turn or two
in a quiet su,ur, or rural area will esta,lish whether you have a
tail
*here are many other ruses to determine this9
= 8rive completely around a traffic circle as thou!h you have
missed your turn-off>
= *urn into a dead-end street as if ,y mista+e>
= *urn into the driveway of a house or ,uildin! and out a!ain
as if in error>
= A,ruptly switch lanes and une1pectedly turn left or ri!ht
without indicatin!, ,ut ,e sure there is no hi!hway patrol car a,out?
= Cross at a traffic li!ht 0ust as it turns red, etc
(uch ruses will force a tail into unusual actions to +eep up with
you ,ut your actions must appear normal
Chec+ Route
*he Chec+ Route we previously descri,ed for chec+in! surveillance ,y
foot can o,viously ,e applied to vehicles Gour chec+ route must ,e
well prepared and should include ,usy and quiet areas Also include
stops at places such as service stations and shops where you can
carry out some counter-surveillance on foot Gou can carry out your
routine ,y yourself or with assistance In this case assistin!
6peratives are posted at chec+ points alon! your route and o,serve
whether you are ,ein! tailed It is a !ood idea to fit your car with
side-view mirrors for ,etter o,servation, includin! one for your
passen!er At all costs avoid loo+in! over your shoulder (a hi!hly
suspicious action?)
7nemy *rac+in! 8evice
Gou should often chec+ underneath your car in case the enemy has
placed a trac+in! device (;,umper ,leeper;) there It is a small,
,attery-operated, ma!netically attached !ad!et that emits a
direction si!nal to a tailin! vehicle *his ena,les the vehicle to
remain out of your si!ht Bhen you stop for some minutes, however,
your trac+ers will ,e curious a,out what you are up to *his will
force them to loo+ for you (o your chec+ routine should involve
stoppin! in a quiet or remote area 3et out of your car and into a
hidden position from where you can o,serve any follow-up movement
If you have assistance stop your car at a pre-arran!ed spot Gour
assistants should drive past and chec+ whether a tail vehicle has
halted 0ust out of si!ht down the road
"% C4**I&3 */7 *AIA
*he procedure of eludin! those who are followin! you is called
:cuttin! the tail; In order to do this effectively you must study
the location or areas where this can ,e done in advance Bhen you
find yourself in a situation where you need to ,rea+ surveillance,
you deli,erately lead those who are followin! you to a favoura,le
spot where :cuttin! the tail; can ,e achieved
"Chan!e of Clothin!9
Gou ur!ently need to visit an under!round contact For several days
your attempts have ,een frustrated ,ecause you have come to realise
that you are ,ein! closely watched and followed ,y the police and
their a!ents Gou leave wor+ as usual ,ut carry a shoppin! ,a! with
a chan!e of clothes After casually wanderin! around town you enter
a cloa+room, pu,lic toilet or such place where you can quic+ly
chan!e clothin! without ,ein! seen It should ,e a place where other
people are constantly enterin! and leavin! Gou leave within
minutes, casually dressed in a *-shirt and sports cap Gour shirt,
0ac+et and tie are in your shoppin! ,a! A ,us area ma+es it easier
to slip away unnoticed A reversi,le 0ac+et, pair of !lasses and cap
+ept in a poc+et are useful aids for a quic+ chan!e on the move
Bomen in particular can ma+e a swift chan!e of clothin! with ease,
slippin! on a wi! and coat or even a man;s hat and 0ac+et over a
pair of 0eans to confuse the tail?
@Numpin! on and off a Bus9
Gou are ,ein! tailed ,ut must !et to a secret meetin! at all costs
Gou could spend some time loiterin! around a ,usy shoppin! area
!ivin! the impression that you are in no hurry to !et anywhere Nust
as you notice a ,us pullin! away from a ,us stop you run after it
and 0ump a,oard 2eepin! a !ood loo+out for your pursuers, you could
0ump off as it slows down at the ne1t stop and disappear around a
,usy corner
ECrossin! a Busy (treet9
Gou need to ,e quic+ and alert for this one? Gou deli,erately lead
those followin! you down a ,usy street with heavy traffic Bhen you
notice a momentary ,rea+ in the traffic, you could suddenly sprint
across the road as thou!h your life depended on it By the time the
tail has mana!ed to find a ,rea+ in the traffic and cross after you,
you could have disappeared in any num,er of directions?
I*a+e the Aast *a1i in the Ran+9
6ccupy your time in a leisurely way near a ta1i ran+ Gou could ,e
window shoppin! or drin+in! coffee at a cafe Bhen you notice that
there is only one ta1i left at the ran+, drop everythin! and sprint
over to it By the time those followin! you have summoned up their
support cars you could have ordered the ta1i to stop and slipped
away
K7nterin! and 71itin! a Buildin!9
A lar!e, ,usy department store with many entrances, stairways, lifts
and floors is ideal for this one After enterin! the ,uildin!
quic+ly slip out ,y another e1it Busy hotels, restaurants,
recreation centres, railway stations, arcades, shoppin! centres etc
are all useful locations for this tric+
JRuses when 8rivin!9
It is more difficult to cut a tail when drivin! than when on foot
,ecause a num,er of vehicles may ,e followin! you in parallel
streets Fast and a!!ressive drivin! is necessary (udden chan!es of
speed and direction, crossin! at a traffic li!ht 0ust as it turns
red, and a thorou!h +nowled!e of lanes, !ara!es and places where a
car may ,e quic+ly concealed are possi,le ways in which you may
elude the tail
M3et Aost in a Crowd9
It is particularly difficult for the tail to +eep up with you in
crowded areas 2now the locality, ,e prepared, ,e quic+-footed and
quic+-witted? Be ready to ta+e advanta!e of lar!e concentrations of
people Bor+ers leavin! an office ,uildin!, spectators at a sports
fi1ture, crowds at a mar+et, cinema, railway station or parade offer
all the opportunities you need
<i1 this with the a,ove tactics and you will !ive those tryin! to
tail you the headache and disappointment they so richly deserve
"" CAA&87(*I&7 C6<<4&ICA*I6&(
Communications is vital to any form of human activity Bhen people
,ecome involved in Clandestine activity they must master clandestine
forms of communication in order to survive detection and succeed in
their aims Bithout effective clandestine communication no
under!round movement can function In fact effective communication
is a pillar of under!round wor+ Get communication ,etween
under!round 6peratives is their most vulnera,le point
*he enemy, his security forces, police, informers and a!ents are
intently watchin! +nown and suspect under!round 6peratives *hey are
loo+in! for the lin+s and contact points ,etween such 6peratives
which will !ive them away It is often at the point when such
6peratives attempt to contact or communicate with one another that
they are o,served and their would-,e secrets are uncovered *he
enemy watches, sees who contacts whom, then pounces, roundin! up a
whole networ+ of 6peratives and their au1iliaries But there are
many methods and techniques of Clandestine activity, simple ,ut
special forms of communication, availa,le to 6peratives to overcome
this +ey pro,lem
*his section discusses these, in order to improve and perfect
clandestine forms of communication *hese are used worldwide,
includin! ,y state security or!ans, so we are !ivin! nothin! away to
the enemy Rather we are attemptin! to arm our people *hese methods
are desi!ned to outwit the enemy and to assure continuity of wor+
*he qualities required are relia,ility, discipline, punctuality,
continuity and vi!ilance - which spells out efficiency in
communication
Before proceedin!, however, let us illustrate what we are tal+in!
a,out with an e1ample9 C - a mem,er of an under!round unit - is
meant to meet A and B at a secret venue C is late and the two
others have left C rushes around town tryin! to find them at their
homes, wor+ place, favourite haunts C tries phonin! them and leaves
messa!es C is particularly an1ious ,ecause he has ur!ent
information for them .eople start wonderin! why C is in such a
panic and why he is so desperate to contact A and B who are two
individuals whom they had never ,efore associated with C Bhen C
finally contacts A and B they are an!ry with him for two reasons
Firstly, that he came late for the appointment (econdly, that he
violated the rules of secrecy ,y openly tryin! to contact them C
offers an accepta,le reason for his late-comin! (he could prove that
his car ,ro+e down) and ar!ues that he had ur!ent information for
them /e states that they had failed to ma+e alternative arran!ement
for a situation such as one of them missin! a meetin! /ence, he
ar!ues, he had no alternative ,ut to search for them
*he a,ove e1ample is familiar to most 6peratives It creates two
pro,lems for the conduct of Clandestine activity It creates the
o,vious security dan!er as well as leadin! to a ,rea+down in the
continuity of wor+
Bhat methods are open to such a unit, or ,etween 6perativesD
*o answer this we will ,e studyin! two main areas of communication
*here are personal and non-personal forms of communication .ersonal
are when two or more persons meet under special conditions of
secrecy *here are various forms of personal meetin!s, such as
re!ular, reserve, emer!ency, ,lind, chec+ and accidental *hen there
are various non-personal forms of communication desi!ned to reduce
the frequency of personal meetin!s Amon!st these are such methods
as usin! newspaper columns, pu,lic phone ,o1es, the postal system,
radios and the method made famous in spy novels and movies, the so-
called dead-letter-,o1 or 8AB, where messa!es are passed throu!h
secret hidin! places Codin!, invisi,le in+ and special terms are
used to conceal the true or hidden meanin! in messa!es or
conversations
From this we can immediately see a solution to C;s failed meetin!
with A and B All they needed to arran!e was a reserve meetin! place
in the event of one or more of them failin! to turn up at the
initial venue *his is usually at a different time and place to the
earlier meetin! *he other forms of meetin!s cover all possi,ilities
"@ .7R(6&AA <77*I&3(
In the previous section we ,e!an to discuss the methods mem,ers of
an under!round unit should use when communicatin! with one another
*he most important requirement that must ,e solved is how to meet
secretly and relia,ly
Aet us suppose that 6perative A has the tas+ of or!anisin! an
under!round unit with B and C In the interests of secrecy they
must, as far as possi,le, avoid visitin! one another at home or at
wo+ ((uch lin+s must ,e +ept to a minimum or even totally avoided
so that other people do not have the impression that they are
closely connected)
First of all they need to have a re!ular or main meetin! - let;s say
every two wee+s For this meetin! A lays down three conditions
*hese are9 place, time and le!end
.lace of <eetin!9
*his must ,e easy to find, approach and leave It must ,e a safe
place to meet, allowin! privacy and a feelin! of security It could
,e a friend;s flat, office, picnic place, ,eauty spot, ,each, par+,
vehicle, quiet cafe, etc *he possi,ilities are endless It is
essential that the meetin! place ,e chan!ed from time to time
(ometimes, instead of indicatin! the meetin! place, A mi!ht instruct
B and C to meet him at different contact points on the route to the
meetin! such as outside a cinema, ,us stop etc *his can provide a
!reater de!ree of security But it is ,est to ,e!in with the most
simple arran!ements
*ime9
8ate and time of the meetin! must ,e clearly memori-ed .unctuality
is essential If anyone fails to arrive at the meetin! place within
the prearran!ed time the meetin! must ,e cancelled As a rule the
time for waitin! must never e1ceed ten minutes 4nder no
circumstances must an 6perative proceed to the meetin! if he or she
finds themselves under surveillance
Ae!end9
*his is an invented ,ut convincin! e1planation (cover story) as to
why A, B and C are always to!ether at the same place at the same
time *he le!end will depend on the type of people who are meetin!
(uppose A and B are ,lac+ men and C is an older, white woman (ince
it would loo+ unusual and attract attention if they met at a par+ or
picnic place, A has decided on an office which C has loaned from a
relia,le friend *hey meet at KE%pm when the office is empty C has
told her friend that she requires the premises in order to interview
some people for a 0o, or some story to that effect 6n the des+ she
will have interview notes and other documents to support her story
and B and C will carry 0o, applications or references If anyone
interrupts the meetin! or if they are questioned later, they will
have a convincin! e1planation for their meetin!
6rder of the <eetin!9
At the start of the meetin! A chec+s on the well-,ein! and security
of each 6perative, particularly whether everythin! was in order on
their route to the meetin! 8id they chec+ for possi,le
surveillanceD &e1t A will inform them of the le!end for the meetin!
*hen, ,efore ,usiness is discussed, A will pass around a piece of
paper with the time and place of the ne1t meetin! written on it
&othin! is spo+en in case the meetin! is :,u!!ed; *his matter is
settled in case they are interrupted and have to leave the meetin!
in a hurry In such an event they already +now the conditions for
the ne1t meetin! and continuity of contact is assured
Reserve <eetin!9
In arran!in! the re!ular meetin! of the unit, A ta+es into account
the possi,ility of one or more of them failin! to !et to that
meetin! /e therefore e1plains the conditions for a reserve meetin!
*hese also include place, time and le!end Bhilst the time for a
reserve meetin! may ,e the same as a re!ular meetin! (,ut o,viously
on a different day), the place must always differ A instructs them
that if a re!ular meetin! fails to ta+e place they must
automatically meet two days later at such-and-such a time and place
*he conditions for a reserve meetin! mi!ht ,e +ept constant, not
chan!in! as often as those of the re!ular meetin!, ,ecause the need
for such a meetin! may not often arise But A ta+es care to remind
the 6peratives of these conditions at every re!ular meetin!
/avin! arran!ed conditions for ,oth re!ular and reserve meetin!s, A
feels confident that he has or!anised relia,ility and continuity of
such contact It is necessary for all to o,serve the rules of
secrecy, and to ,e punctual, relia,le, disciplined and vi!ilant
a,out such meetin!s
But what if 6perative A needs to see B and C suddenly and ur!ently
and cannot wait for the re!ular meetin!D
E 7<7R37&CG A&8 C/7C2 <77*I&3(
*he leader of an under!round unit, 6perative A, has arran!ed re!ular
and reserve meetin!s with B and C *his allows for relia,ility and
continuity of contact in the course of their Clandestine activity
*his has ,een pro!ressin! well 6perative A decides to or!anise
other forms of meetin!s with them ,ecause of the comple1ity of wor+
" 7mer!ency <eetin!9
*he 6peratives have found that they sometimes need to meet ur!ently
,etween their re!ular meetin!s An emer!ency meetin! is for the
rapid esta,lishment of contact should the 6peratives need to see
each other ,etween the set meetin!s
*here are similar conditions as for a re!ular meetin! such as9 *ime,
.lace and Ae!end *he additional element is a si!nal for callin! the
meetin! *his si!nal mi!ht ,e used ,y either the unit leader A or
the other cell mem,ers, when they need to convey ur!ent information
A confirmation si!nal is also necessary which indicates that the
call si!nal has ,een seen or understood *his must never ,e placed
at the same location as the call si!nal
(i!nals9
*hese are prearran!ed si!ns, phrases, words, mar+s or o,0ects put in
specified places such as on o,0ects in the streets, on ,uildin!s
etc, or specified phrases in postcards, letters, on the telephone
etc
71ample of 7mer!ency <eetin!9
6perative A has directed that the venue for the unit;s 7mer!ency
meetin! is a certain par+ ,ench ,eside a la+e *he time is for
KE%pm on the same day that the call si!nal is used As with Re!ular
meetin!s he also indicates a Reserve venue for the 7mer!ency
meetin! 6perative A arran!es different call si!nals for B and C,
which they can also use if they need to summon him
Call and Answer (i!nal for B9
*his si!nal could ,e a :chal+ mar+; placed ,y A on a certain lamp-
post 6perative A +nows that B wal+s passed the pole every mornin!
at a certain time on his way to wor+ B must always ,e on the loo+-
out for the chal+ mar+ *his could simply ,e the letter :F; in red
chal+ By @pm that day B must have responded with the confirmation
si!nal *his could ,e a piece of coloured strin! wound round a fence
near a ,us stop It could equally ,e a piece of ,lue chal+ crushed
into the pavement ,y the steps of a ,uildin! or some !raffiti
scrawled on a poster (in other words anythin! clear, visi,le and
innocent-loo+in!) *he two 6peratives can now e1pect to meet each
other at the par+ ,ench later that day
Call and Answer (i!nal for C9
C has a telephone at home Before she leaves for wor+, 6perative A
phones her from a pu,lic call-,o1 /e pretends to dial a wron!
num,er :3ood mornin!, is that 71press 8airyD; he as+s :(orry,
wron! num,er;, C replies and adds9 :&ot such a !ood mornin!, you !ot
me out of the ,ath; *his is C;s innocent way of confirmin! that she
has understood the si!nal 6,viously such a si!nal cannot ,e
repeated
@ Chec+ <eetin!
*his is a :meetin!; ,etween the unit leader and a su,ordinate
6perative to esta,lish only throu!h visual contact whether the
6perative is all ri!ht (uch a chec+-up ,ecomes necessary when a
6perative has ,een in some form of dan!er and where direct physical
contact is unsafe to attempt, such as if the 6perative has ,een
questioned ,y the police or ,een under surveillance
*here are a num,er of conditions for such a meetin!9 8ate and *ime>
.lace or Route of movement> Actions> Ae!end> (i!nals - indicatin!
dan!er or well-,ein!
71ample of Chec+ <eetin!9
C has ,een questioned ,y the police As a result contact with her
has ,een cut After a few days 6perative A wants to chec+ how she is
and calls her throu!h a si!nal to a Chec+ meetin!
At Ipm on the day followin! the call si!nal C !oes shoppin! (he
wears a yellow scarf indicatin! that she was su,0ect to mild
questionin! and that everythin! has appeared normal since (he
follows a route which ta+es her past the .ost 6ffice ,y I@%pm (he
does not +now where A is ,ut he has ta+en up a position which
conceals his presence and !ives him a !ood view of C /e is also
a,le to o,serve whether C is ,ein! followed 6n passin! the .ost
6ffice C stops to ,low her nose *his is to reinforce her feelin!
that everythin! is now normal It is for A to decide whether to
restore contact with C or to leave her on :ice; for a while lon!er,
su,0ectin! her to further chec+s
"I BAI&8 <77*I&3
*he leader of an under!round unit, 6perative A, receives
instructions from the leadership to meet 6perative 8 6perative 8 is
a new recruit, whom the leadership are assi!nin! to A;s unit A and
8 are stran!ers to one another Conditions are therefore drawn up
for a Blind <eetin! - that is a meetin! ,etween two under!round
wor+ers who are un+nown to one another
Reco!nition si!ns and passwords
*here are similar conditions as for re!ular and other forms of
meetin!, such as date, time, place, action of su,ordinate and
le!end In addition, there is the necessity for reco!nition si!ns
and passwords, which are to aid in identification
*he reco!nition si!ns ena,le the commander or senior, in this case
A, to identify the su,ordinate from a safe distance and at close
quarters *wo reco!nition si!ns are therefore needed
*he passwords, includin! the reply, are specially prepared words and
phrases which are e1chan!ed and !ive the !o-ahead for the contact to
,e!in *hese si!ns and phrases must loo+ normal and not attract
attention to outsiders
At this point the reader should prepare an e1ample for a ,lind
meetin! and compare it with the e1ample we have !iven 6ur e1ample
has ,een purposely printed upside down to encoura!e the reader to
participate in this su!!ested e1ercise 8o remem,er that all the
e1amples !iven in our series are also read ,y the enemy, so do not
,lindly copy them *hey are su!!estions to assist activists with
their own ideas
71ample of Blind <eetin!
.lace9 *oyshop on (mith (treet
8ate and *ime9 8ecem,er @%th, Jpm
Action9 6perative 8 to wal+ down street in easterly direction, to
stop at *oyshop and !a-e at toy display for five minutes
Ae!end9 8 is simply wal+in! a,out town carryin! out window shoppin!
Bhen A ma+es contact they are to ,ehave as thou!h they are stran!ers
who have 0ust struc+ up a friendship
Reco!nition si!ns9 8 carries an 62 Ba-aars shoppin! ,a! *he words
:62; have ,een underlined with a ,lac+ pen (for close-up
reco!nition)
.asswords9
A9 .ardon me, ,ut do you +now whether this shop sells children;s
,oo+sD B9 I don;t +now *here are only toys in the window
A9 I prefer to !ive ,oo+s for presents
&ote9 *he openin! phrase will ,e used ,y A after he has o,served 8;s
movements and satisfied himself that the reco!nition si!ns are
correct and that 8 has not ,een followed A completes the passwords
with a closin! phrase which satisfies 8 that A is the correct
contact *he two can now wal+ off to!ether or A mi!ht su!!est a
further meetin! somewhere else
Brush <eetin!
*his is a ,rief meetin! where material is quic+ly and silently
passed from one 6perative to another Conditions for such a meetin!,
such as place, time and action, are carefully planned ,eforehand &o
conversation ta+es place <oney, reports or instructions are swiftly
transferred (plit-second timin! is necessary and contact must ta+e
place in a dead -one ie in areas where passin! the material cannot
,e seen
For e1ample, as 8 wal+s down the steps of a department store A
passes 8 and drops a small pac+a!e into 8;s shoppin! ,a!
;Accidental; <eetin!
*his is, in fact, a deli,erate contact made ,y the commander which
comes as a surprise to the su,ordinate In other words, it ta+es
place without the su,ordinate;s fore+nowled!e
An :accidental; meetin! ta+es place where9
= there has ,een a ,rea+down in communication
= the su,ordinate is not fully trusted and the commander wants
to have an :une1pected; tal+ with him or her
*he commander must have !ood +nowled!e of the su,ordinate;s
movements and plan his or her actions ,efore, durin! and after the
meetin!
"K &6&-.7R(6&AA C6<<4&ICA*I6&
6perative A has ,een mainly relyin! on personal forms of
communication to run the under!round unit Bith the police steppin!
up their search for revolutionary activists he decides to increase
the use of non-personal communication
*hese are forms of secret communication carried out without direct
contact *hese do not replace the essential meetin!s of the unit,
,ut reduce the num,er of times the 6peratives need to meet, there,y
minimi-in! the ris+s
*he <ain Forms9
*hese are telephone, postal system, press, si!nals, radio and dead
letter ,o1 (8AB) *he first three are in everyday use and can ,e
used for clandestine activity if correctly e1ploited (i!nals can ,e
used as part of the other forms or as a system on their own Radio
communication (coded) will ,e used ,y hi!her or!ans of the <ovement
and not ,y a unit li+e A;s *he 8AB is the most effective way of
passin! on material and information without personal contact
6perative A introduces these methods cautiously ,ecause
misunderstandin!s are possi,le .eople prefer face-to-face contact
so confidence and s+ill must ,e developed
*elephone, .ost and .ress9
*hese are relia,le means of secret communication if used properly
4sed carelessly in the past they have ,een the source of countless
arrests *he enemy intercepts telephone calls and mail !oin! to
+nown activists and those they re!ard as suspicious .hone calls can
,e traced and tele1es as well as letters intercepted International
communication is especially vulnera,le For e1ample, a phone call
from Botswana to (oweto is li+ely to arouse the enemy;s interest
Bhat is required are safe phones and addresses throu!h which can ,e
passed innocent-soundin! messa!es for callin! meetin!s, re-
esta,lishin! contact, warnin! of dan!er, etc
*elephone9
*his allows for the ur!ent transmission of a si!nal or messa!e *he
telephone must ,e used with a relia,le and convincin! codin! system
and le!end 4nder no circumstances must the phone ,e used for
involved discussion on sensitive topics
6perative A has already used the phone to call C to an emer!ency
meetin! ((ee &o "I of this series) *he arran!ement was that he
pretended to dial a wron! num,er *his was the si!nal to meet at a
pre-arran!ed place and time
4p to now he has ,een meetin! with her to collect propa!anda
material /e now wishes to si!nal her when to pic+ it up herself,
,ut prefers to avoid phonin! her at home or wor+ If she ta+es lunch
re!ularly at a certain cafe or is at a sports clu, at a certain time
or near a pu,lic phone, he +nows how to reach her when he wishes
A simple call such as the followin! is required9 :Is that <iss (o-
and-(oD *his is Fran+ (immons here I ,elieve you want to ,uy my
Ford 7scortD If so, you can view it tomorrow; *his could mean that
C must collect the propa!anda material at a certain place in two
days time *he reference to a car is a code for pic+in! up
propa!anda material> Fran+ (immons is the code name for the pic+-up
place> tomorrow means two days time (two days time would mean three
days)
.ost9
*his can ,e used to transmit similar messa!es as a,ove A tele!ram
or !reetin! card with the messa!e that :4ncle <orris is havin! an
operation; could ,e a warnin! from A to C to cut contact and lie low
until further notice ,ecause of possi,le dan!er *he use of a
particular +ind of picture postcard could ,e a si!nal for a meetin!
at a pre-arran!ed place ten days after the date on the card (i!nals
can ,e contained in the form the sender writes the address, the date
or the !reetin! :<y dear friend; to!ether with the fictitious
address of the sender - :&o "J$ Fo1 (treet; - means to ,e ready for
a leaflet distri,ution and meet at "J hours on the $th of the month
at a venue code-named :Fo1;
<any such forms of si!nals can ,e used in letters 7ven the way the
posta!e stamp is placed can ,e of si!nificance
.ress9
*his is the use of the classified ads section9 :Candy I miss you
.lease remem,er our Anniversary of the @@nd, love Alan; *his could
,e A;s arran!ement for re-esta,lishin! contact with C if she has
!one into hidin! *he venue and time will have ,een pre-arran!ed,
,ut the advert will si!nal the day (uch ads !ive many possi,ilities
not only in the press ,ut on notice ,oards in colle!es, hostels,
shoppin! centres, and so on
"J (I3&AA(
6perative A has ,een introducin! various forms of &on-.ersonal
Communications (&.C) to his under!round unit At times he has
carefully used the telephone, post and press to pass on innocent-
soundin! messa!es, (see &o"J of this series) 2ey phrases, spo+en
and written, have acted as si!nals for callin! meetin!s, warnin! of
dan!er etc /e has also used !raphic si!nals, such as a chal+ mar+
on a lamp post, or an o,0ect li+e a coloured piece of strin! tied to
a fence, as call and answer si!ns (see &o"I)
(i!nals can ,e used for a variety of reasons and are essential in
clandestine activity *hey !reatly improve the level of security of
the under!round and help to avoid detection ,y the enemy forces
7veryday (i!nals
*he everyday use of si!nals shows how useful they are in conveyin!
messa!es, and what an endless variety e1ists Road traffic is
impossi,le without traffic li!hts (where colour carries the messa!e)
and road si!ns (where sym,ols or !raphics are used) Consider how
hand si!nals are used in different ways not only to direct traffic
,ut for countless purposes from sport to soldiers on patrol
7very,ody uses the thum,s-up si!nal to show that all is well
Consider how police and ro,,ers use si!nals and you will realise how
important they are for under!round wor+ In fact in introducin! this
topic to his unit 6perative A as+s them to !ive e1amples of everyday
si!nals *he reader should test his or her ima!ination in this
respect
For our purpose si!nals are divided into *G.7 and 4(A37
*ype9
(ound - voice, music, whistle, animal sound, +noc+in! etc Colour
3raphic - drawin!, fi!ures, letters, num,ers, mar+s, !raffiti,
sym,ols etc Actions - ,ehaviour'movement of a person or vehicle
6,0ects - the placin! or movement of anythin! from stic+s and stones
to flower pots and fla!s
4se9
*o call all forms of meetin!s> to instruct people to report to a
certain venue or individual> to instruct people to prepare for a
certain tas+ or action> to inform of dan!er or well-,ein!> to
indicate that a tas+ has ,een carried out> to indicate a presence or
a,sence of surveillance> to indicate reco!nition ,etween people
Bhatever si!nals are invented to cover the needs of the unit they
must ,e simple, easy to understand and not attract attention
/ere are some e1amples of how si!nals can ,e used9 6ne e1ample is
included which is ,ad from the security point of view (ee if you
can spot it Consider each e1ample in terms of type and usa!e9
6perative A draws a red arrow on a wall to call B to an emer!ency
meetin!
8 whistles a warnin! to C, who is slippin! a leaflet under a door,
indicatin! that someone is approachin!
B stops at a post,o1 and ,lows his nose, indicatin! to A, o,servin!
from a safe distance, that he is ,ein! followed
8 han!s only ,lue washin! on his clothes line to indicate that the
police have visited him and that he ,elieves he is in dan!er
B enters a hotel wearin! a suit with a pin+ carnation and orders a
,ottle of champa!ne *hese are si!nals to C that she should 0oin him
for a secret discussion
C, havin! to deliver weapons to :7sther;, whom she has not met
,efore, must par+ her car at a rest-spot venue on the hi!hway C
places a tissue-,o1 on the dash-,oard and drin+s a can of cola
*hese are the reco!nition si!nals for 7 to approach her and as+ the
way to the nearest petrol station *his phrase and a <ic+ey-<ouse
+ey-rin! held ,y 7 are the si!ns which show C that 7 is her ,lind
contact (&ote9 ,oth will use false num,er plates on their cars to
remain anonymous from each other)
C places a strip of coloured stic+y tape inside a pu,lic telephone
,o1 to inform A that she has successfully delivered weapons to 7
*he ,ad e1ampleD 8;s pin+ carnation and champa!ne draws unwanted
attention
"M 87A8 A7**7R B6F
6perative A;s under!round unit has ,een masterin! forms of &on-
.ersonal Communication to ma+e their wor+ secret and efficient
6perative A feels they now have sufficient e1perience to use the
8AB, sometimes called a ;dead drop;, to pass literature, reports and
funds ,etween one another
*he 8AB
It is a hidin! place such as a hollow in a tree or the place under
the floor,oards It is used li+e a :post ,o1; to pass material
,etween two people
*o !ive a definition9 A 8AB is a natural or man-made hidin! place
for the stora!e and transfer of material
It can ,e a lar!e space for hidin! weapons or small for messa!es It
can ,e located inside ,uildin!s or out of doors> in town or
countryside It can ,e in natural spaces such as the tree or
floor,oards, or manufactured ,y the 6perative, such as a hollowed
out fence pole or a hole in the !round It is always camoufla!ed
(electin! the 8AB
It is very important to carefully select the place where the 8AB is
to ,e located Follow the rules9
= It must ,e easy to descri,e and find Avoid complicated or
confusin! descriptions which ma+e it difficult for your partner to
find it
= It must ,e safe and secure It must ,e well concealed from
casual onloo+ers Beware of places where children play, !ardeners
wor+ or tramps han!-out It must not ,e near enemy ,ases or places
where !uards are on duty It must not ,e overloo+ed ,y ,uildin!s and
windows
= It must allow for safe deposit and removal of material *he
6peratives must feel secure a,out their actions in depositin! and
removin! material *hey must ,e a,le to chec+ whether they are ,ein!
watched *he place must ,e in +eepin! with their pu,lic ima!e and
le!end
= It must allow for weather conditions and time of day 8ABs
can ,e e1posed or dama!ed ,y rain or floodin! (ome locations may ,e
suspicious to approach ,y day and dan!erous ,y ni!ht
.reparation
= *his involves constructin! and camoufla!in! the 8AB> ma+in!
a dia!ram> wor+in! out a si!nal system and security arran!ements If
you are ,uryin! the material put it in a tin, ,ottle or weather-
proof container
= 6nce you have selected the place for your 8AB you will have
to prepare it *his will usually ta+e place under cover of ni!ht
whether you are di!!in! a hole or hollowin! out a cavity in a tree
and camoufla!in! it
= Gou will have to ma+e an accurate description, prefera,ly
includin! a simple dia!ram
= Gou will have to wor+ out a si!nal system for yourself and
partner indicatin! deposit and removal of material
= Finally, wor+ out a chec+ route to and from the 8AB and a
le!end for ,ein! there
71ample of 8AB
6perative A has spotted a loose ,ric+ in a wall *he wall is located
alon! a little used path and shielded ,y trees At ni!ht he hollows-
out a space ,ehind the ,ric+, lar!e enou!h to ta+e a small pac+a!e
*he loose ,ric+ is the tenth alon! the wall, second row down *he
,ric+ fits securely into the wall ,ut can ,e quic+ly removed with
the use of a nail *he operation ta+es ten seconds and the footsteps
of any stran!er approachin! can ,e easily heard
A;s 8escription of the 8AB
Reference &o 8AB E :Aoose Bric+ in wall;
Aocation9 .ath leadin! from Fourth (treet to 3olf Course
8irection9 In Fourth (treet, 0ust past the J" Bus (top, is the path,
with red ,ric+ wall on the ri!ht, wooden fence on the left *hree
paces down the path, on the ri!ht, 0ust ,efore a tree, is the 8AB,
in the ,ric+ wall
*he 8AB9
It is a loose ,ric+, with white paint smud!e As you wal+ down the
path from Fourth (treet, it is the tenth ,ric+ alon! the wall,
second row from top In the space ,etween this ,ric+ and the ninth
,ric+ is a hole .lace a nail into this hole to help prise out the
,ric+ *he space ,ehind the ,ric+ holds a pac+a!e wrapped in plastic
with dimensions9 "@1J1E cm After removin! the pac+a!e replace ,ric+
usin! ,lue tac+ (or other sealin! su,stance) to hold it in place
(i!nals9 " After A deposits material he ties a piece of red strin!
to a fence si!nallin! that the 8AB is :loaded; @ After B removes
material from the 8AB he draws a chal+ mar+ si!nal on a pole
&ote9 (i!nals must not ,e in the 8AB;s vicinity
Carryin! 6ut the 6peration
*he use of the 8AB is an operation which must ,e carefully planned
as follows9
6perative A9
= .repares material (pac+a!in! and camoufla!in!)
= Chec+s route for surveillance
= 6,serves situation at 8AB
= .laces material (if no surveillance)
= Return route to chec+ for surveillance
= .laces si!nal indicatin! deposit
= Returns home
6perative B9
= (ees si!nal of deposit
= Chec+s route
= 6,serves situation at 8AB
= Removes material (if no surveillance)
= Return route to chec+ for surveillance)
= .laces si!nal of removal
= Returns home
6perative A9
= Chec+s si!nal of removal
= Removes si!nals
= Reports success
&ote9 It is important that ,oth A and B chec+ that they are not
,ein! followed when they !o to the 8AB and after leavin! it
"$ (*A*I6&ARG, .6R*ABA7 A&8 <6BIA7 8ABs
Be have ,een discussin! the use of the dead letter ,o1 (8AB) throu!h
which under!round mem,ers secretly pass material to each other
*here are various types of 8ABs9
(tationary 8ABs are fi1ed places such as a camoufla!ed hole in the
!round, hollow tree trun+ or fence pole, loose ,ric+ in a wall (as
descri,ed in last issue)
.orta,le 8ABs are containers which can ,e carried and left in
innocent places to ,e pic+ed up, e! discarded ci!arette pac+,
hollowed-out stic+ or fa+e piece of roc+
<o,ile 8ABs are in different types of transport (car, ,us, train,
,oat or plane) and are used to communicate ,etween 6peratives who
live far apart
<a!netic 8ABs9 A simple ma!net attached to a container increases
opportunities for findin! places to leave your 8AB Bith the aid of
ma!nets you are a,le to clamp your 8AB to any metal o,0ect such as
,ehind a drain pipe, under the rail of a ,rid!e, under a vehicle,
etc
6perative :A; will use a variety of 8ABs with :B; &ever use a
stationary 8AB too often ,ecause this increases the ris+ of ,ein!
spotted *he advanta!e of a porta,le 8AB is that the place where it
is left can ,e constantly chan!ed Because of the dan!er of a
stran!er pic+in! it up ,y chance the time ,etween ma+in! the drop
and the pic+-up ,y your partner must not ,e lon!
.orta,le 8AB - :Booden (tic+;9
Buy a piece of plastic tu,in! or pipe Cut off a E%cm len!th 3lue
pieces of ,ar+ around it to ma+e it loo+ li+e a twi! Bith a little
patience you will ,e surprised at how realistic you can ma+e it Gou
have a porta,le 8AB into which you can insert material Bor+ out a
suita,le location where it can ,e safely dropped for a pic+-up Gou
can carry it up your sleeve and drop it in lon! !rass or into a ,ush
near an easy-to-locate reference point It must ,e concealed from
passers-,y and nosey do!s?
Alternatively you can try hollowin! out an actual piece of ,ranch,
or splittin! it down the side and !luin! it But you will pro,a,ly
find the plastic pipe easier to handle and lon!er-lastin!
.orta,le 8AB - :/ollow Roc+;9
71periment with plaster of paris (which you can ,uy from a dru!
store or ho,,y shop) and mould it into the shape of a roc+ Allow
enou!h of a hollow to hide material Bith paint and mud you can ma+e
it loo+ li+e a realistic roc+ Carry it to the drop-off point in a
shoppin! ,a!
(&ote9 the a,ove can serve as a porta,le 8AB as well as a useful
hidin! place for the stora!e of sensitive material around the home)
<o,ile 8AB9
6perative :A; uses a train to send material to 6peratives down at
the coast *here are numerous hidin! places on trains, as with other
forms of transport, and if you use ma!nets the possi,ilities are
increased Removin! a panel in a compartment provides a useful
hidin! place 6perative :A; does this lon! ,efore the train;s
departure, ,efore other passen!ers arrive /e has a telephonic
si!nal system with the receivin! 6peratives to indicate when the
material is on its way and how to locate it *hey mi!ht !et on the
train ,efore it reaches its destination Bhatever the case, the
operational system must ,e carefully studied at ,oth ends
"# FAIA4R7 A&8 /6B *6 87AA BI*/ I*
6ur series would not ,e complete if we did not deal with failure in
the under!round and how to react to set,ac+s
" B/A* 86 B7 <7A& BG )FAIA4R7)D
Bhen mem,ers of the under!round are e1posed, arrested or +illed,
when the under!round structure is ,ro+en-up or destroyed ,y the
enemy - failure has occurred Failure can ,e where .AR*IAA only some
mem,ers are affected or C6<.A7*7, where the entire networ+ or
machinery is smashed 6.7& failures are those that the enemy chooses
to pu,lici-e C6&C7AA78 failures occur when the enemy succeeds in
infiltratin! the under!round with its a!ents ,ut +eeps this secret
In this case they ma+e no immediate arrests choosin! instead to
patiently o,tain information over a lon! period
@ R7A(6&( F6R FAIA4R7
*here are numerous causes of arrests and set,ac+s
a) 5iolatin! the rules of secrecy9
*his is one of the main causes of failure *o carry out clandestine
activity successfully everyone must strictly follow the
or!anisational O personal rules of ,ehaviour that have ,een outlined
in this series
Common violation of the rules are9
= failure to limit the num,er of lin+s ,etween persons
(+nowled!e of others must ,e limited)
= not +eepin! to the principle of vertical lines of
communication (e! a cell leader must not have hori-ontal contact
with other cell leaders ,ut only with a contact from the hi!her
or!an)
= failure to compartmentali-e or isolate different or!ans from
one another (e! 6peratives responsi,le for producin! propa!anda
must not ta+e part in its distri,ution)
= poor discipline (e!9 loose tal+> carelessness with
documents> conspicuous or unnatural ,ehaviour etc)
= poor recruitment practices (e!9 failure to chec+ on person;s
,ac+!round> failure to test relia,ility> selectin! one;s friends
without considerin! !enuine qualities etc)
= failure to use codes and conceal real identities
= wea+ cover stories
= le!ends
= poor preparation of operations O meetin!s
= violatin! the rule of )+nowin! only as much as you need to
+now)
= not usin! the standard methods of personal and impersonal
communications
= inadequate preparation of 6peratives for arrest and
interro!ation so that they reveal dama!in! information
,) Bea+ +nowled!e of the operational situation9
*his means not payin! sufficient attention to the conditions in the
area where you carry out your tas+s 6peratives are often cau!ht
,ecause they failed to study the methods used ,y the enemy, the time
of police patrols, !uard system, use of informers etc <ista+es are
made if you fail to ta+e into account the ,ehaviour of local people,
cultural mannerisms and ha,its, forms of dress etc 2nowled!e of
political, economic, !eo!raphic and transport conditions are part of
the operational picture
c) Bea+ly trained and poorly selected 6peratives9
*he under!round can only ,e as stron! as its mem,ers .oorly trained
leaders result in wea+ leadership, wea+ communication lin+s and poor
trainin! of su,ordinates *his leads to wron! decisions and
incorrect ,ehaviour throu!hout the structure and a whole series of
mista+es Care and caution are the +ey to the selection of capa,le
leaders and recruitment of 6peratives
d) Bea+ professional, political and personal qualities9
(erious shortcomin!s in the qualities required for under!round wor+
can lead to failure For e1ample a 6perative who is sound
politically and has !ood operational s+ills ,ut who drin+s heavily
or !am,les can put a machinery at ris+ (imilarly a person with !ood
professional and personal qualities ,ut who is politically confused
can ,e the cause of failure And a person with !ood political
understandin! and fine personal qualities ,ut who has wea+
operational capa,ility is ,est used for le!al wor+
e) Chance or accident9
An unluc+y incident can lead to arrest ,ut is the least li+ely cause
of failure
E .R757&*I&3 FAIA4R7
Followin! the principles and rules of secrecy !reatly reduces the
possi,ility of failure - ).revention is ,etter than cure) But when
failure occurs we must already ,e armed with the plans and
procedures for dealin! with the situation
@% 87*7C*I&3 A&8 A6CAAIHI&3 FAIA4R7
Bhen the principles and rules of secrecy are poorly applied failure
and arrests follow *he main dan!ers come from infiltration ,y enemy
a!ents or the arrest of 6peratives on operations 87*7C*I&3 failure
means to ,e aware of the dan!er in !ood time A6CAAI(I&3 failure
means to act in order to quic+ly contain the crisis and prevent the
dama!e spreadin! *he followin! are the main points to consider9
" R75I7B */7 <AC/I&7RG9
It is only possi,le to detect and locali-e failure if the
under!round has ,een ,uilt on a solid ,asis accordin! to the correct
or!anisational principles A study and review of the structure,
lines of communication and the personnel is an essential part of
clandestine activity But it ,ecomes impossi,le to o,tain a clear
picture if the under!round has ,een loosely and incorrectly put
to!ether and is composed of some unsuita,le persons In such a
situation it ,ecomes very difficult to correct mista+es and prevent
infiltration A networ+ which is ti!htly or!anised, operates
accordin! to the rules of secrecy and is cleared of unsuita,le
6peratives is easier to review and mana!e
@ C/7C2 (4(.7C*(9
*his is part of the wor+ of reviewin! the machinery It must ,e
carried out discretely so as not to alert the enemy or undermine the
confidence of 6peratives
Review the suspects ,ehaviour, movement and performance>
chec+ with co-wor+ers, friends, family>
carry out surveillance ,y the security or!an after e1haustin! the
other chec+s to determine whether there are lin+s with the police
(6<7 *AC*IC( 6F 7&7<G A37&*(9
= they try to win your confidence ,y smooth tal+ and
compliments>
= they try to arouse your interest ,y ,i! tal+ and promises>
= try to !et information and names from you which is no
,usiness of theirs>
= try to !et you to rearran!e lines of communication and
contact points to help police surveillance>
= may show si!ns of nervousness, ,ehave oddly, show e1cessive
curiosity>
= may pressure you to speed up their recruitment or someone
they have recommended>
= i!nore instructions, fail to o,serve rules of secrecy>
&ote9 !ood 6peratives can ,e !uilty of lapses in ,ehaviour from time
to time, and a!ents can ,e very clever (o do not 0ump to
conclusions ,ut study the suspect;s ,ehaviour with care and
patience (ooner or later they will ma+e a mista+e
I A6CAAIHI&3 FAIA4R79
*his involves two thin!s9 actin! a!ainst infiltration when it is
detected and actin! a!ainst e1posure of the machinery and preventin!
further arrests, capture of documents, material etc
a) Actin! a!ainst infiltration9
*he severity of action will depend on the sta!e reached and the
dan!er posed *he enemy a!ent may ,e9
= cut-off without e1planation>
= politely cut-off with a !ood, ,elieva,le prete1t (e! told
the under!round unit is ,ein! dissolved)>
= )fro-en) - told they are not ,ein! involved ,ecause they are
,ein! held in reserve>
= arrested and ta+en out of the country as a prisoner>
= eliminated - where they pose serious dan!er to the survival
of 6peratives and there is no other way
,) Avoidin! arrest9
*he moment it is +nown that a 6perative has ,een arrested those
whose identities he or she could reveal must immediately !o into
hidin! <ost arrests ta+e place ,ecause this rule is i!nored 7ven
if it is ,elieved that the arrested 6perative is unli+ely to ,rea+
this precaution must ,e o,served
7veryone must have an )7(CA.7 .AA&) *his includes an early warnin!
system> assistance> safe hidin! place> funds> transport> dis!uise>
new documents of identity>
7ndan!ered 6peratives may )lie low) until the threat passes or wor+
in another part of the country or leave the country>
All lin+s must ,e cut with a 6perative who has come under enemy
suspicion or surveillance In this case the 6perative may ,e )put on
ice) until the dan!er has passed
All documents, incriminatin! material etc must ,e destroyed or
removed from stora!e places +nown to the arrested 6perative
includin! from his or her house and place of wor+>
All 6peratives must ,e instructed on how to ,ehave if arrested *hey
must refuse to !ive away their fellow 6peratives and strive to
resist even under torture *he lon!er they resist the more time they
!ive their 6peratives to disappear and !et rid of evidence
7verythin! must ,e done to help the arrested 6perative ,y providin!
le!al representation, pu,licity, food and readin! material if
possi,le, solidarity with the family, or!anisin! protest