Structural Analysis & Design (Investigation)

DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 1
FIXED ENF MOMENT BEAM STIFFNESS (k)
M
AB
= -60.083 M
BA
= 60.083 K
AB
= 1/10
M
BC
= -38.453 M
CB
= 38.453 K
BC
= 1/8
M
CD
= -38.453 M
DC
= 38.453 K
CD
= 1/8
M
DE
= -38.453 M
ED
= 38.453 K
DE
= 1/8
M
EF
= -38.453 M
FE
= 38.453 K
EF
= 1/8
DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
DF
AB
= - (fixed end)
DF
BA
= 0.50
DF
BC
= 0.50
DF
CB
= 0.50
DF
CD
= 0.50
DF
DC
= 0.50
DF
DE
= 0.50
DF
ED
= 0.50
DF
EF
= 0.50
DF
EF
= - (fixed end)
AB BA BC CB CD
DF - 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
FEM -60.083 60.083 -38.453 38.453 -38.453
1st - 10.815 10.815 - 0.000
COM 5.408 - 0.000 5.407 0.000
2nd - - 0.000 2.704 2.704
COM - - 1.352 - 0.000
3rd - 0.676 0.676 - 0.000
COM 0.338 - 0.000 0.338 0.338
4th - - 0.000 0.338 0.338
COM - - 0.169 - 0.000
5.746 71.574 13.011 47.240 3.380
AB BA BC CB CD
DF 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
FEM ############ ############ ############ ############ ############
1st 0 ############ ############ ############ ############
COM -72781021.416 0 99753389.246 -72777495.545 #REF!
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (WEIGHT OF BEAM)
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (DUE TO LOADS)
2nd 0 49877902.788 49875486.458 #REF! #REF!
COM 24938951.394 0 #REF! 24937743.229 #REF!
3rd 0 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
COM #REF! 0 #REF! #REF! #REF!
4th #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
COM #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
SECTION 350 600
EI I = 6,300,000,000.00
EI
EI
EI
EI
DC DE ED EF FE
0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 -
38.453 -38.453 38.453 -38.453 38.453
- 0.000 - 0.000 -
- 0.000 - 0.000 -
- 0.000 - 0.000 -
1.352 0.000 - 0.000 -
0.676 0.000 - 0.000 -
- 0.000 - 0.000 -
- 0.000 - 0.000 -
0.169 0.000 - 0.000 -
40.650 0.000 38.453 0.000 38.453
DC
#REF!
############
#REF!
99753389.246
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (WEIGHT OF BEAM)
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (DUE TO LOADS)
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
PROJECT : THE NEW BLUE WAVE
LOCATION : MACAPAGAL BLVD., PASAY CITY
SUBJECT : STRUCTURAL DESIGN and ANALYSIS
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF SLAB (S - 1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
SPAN
L = 15.00 m
S = 4.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
A. REINFORCED CONCRETE : 23.55 kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 1.20
kN/m
2
25 psf
* CEILING : 0.24 kN/m
2
5 psf
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
20 psf
* 4" CHB WALL : - kN/m
2
2
* CONCRETE SLAB (6") : 3.60
kN/m
2
75 psf
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
* CEMENT TILE ROOFING : -
kN/m
2
Note:
ASSUME FLOOR FINISH : - kN/m
2
CERAMIC TILE 25 mm MORTAR : - kN/m
2
TOTAL DEAD LOAD : 6.00 kN/m
2
125 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : -
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 4.80
kN/m
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
TOTAL LIVE LOAD : 4.80 kN/m
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ACI SPECIFICATION
CODE:
* If m = s/L < 0.50 ONE - WAY SLAB
* If m = s/L > 0.50 TWO - WAY SLAB
L = 15.00
S = 4.00
S
L
m = 0.27
SINCE
m = 0.27 < 0.50 therefore ONE - WAY SLAB
2.0 MINIMUM THICKNESS
L fy
28 700
H = say
3.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
4.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT (coefficient method)
* NEGATIVE MOMENT (@ continuous side)
W
u
L
n
2
11
Mu = 21.631 kN-m
* POSTIVE MOMENT (@ midspan)
m =
H = ( 0.4 + ) 1000
113.56 mm 150.00 mm
14.872 kN/m
Mu =
m
m
W
u
L
n
2
16
Mu = 14.872 kN-m
5.0 REINFORCING STEEL BAR and SPACING
Mu =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d =
H - cover - 1/2 d
bar
cover = 20.00 mm
d =
1
= 1.63635
2
= 0.05856

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16364
2
= 0.00586
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
but not less than 0.65
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
max INCREASE DEPTH OF SLAB
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00586 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
THEREFORE USE = 0.00586
STEEL AREA (MAINBARS)
As =
b d
As
=
726.19
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
(1000) Note: use 12 mm mainbars
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
* POSITIVE MOMENT (@ midspan)
Mu =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
min =
b
S =
155.74 mm
450 mm
100 mm
2
=
Mu =
21.631 kN/m
124.00 mm
1 =
0.85
1
155 mm O.C.
155.74 mm 155 mm O.C.
155 mm O.C.
14.872 kN/m
=
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1 = 1.65511
2
= 0.03981

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
=
0.16551
2
=
0.00398
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00398 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =

min
b d
As
min = 627.93
mm
2
SPACING
1 =
2
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
=
fy (600 + fy)
A
b
A
s min
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
6.0 TEMPERATURE BARS
As
t = 0.002 b h
As
t = 300.00
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
(1000) Note: use 10 mm temperature bars
A
s min
S = say
7.0 SUMMARY
THICKNESS : 150.00 mm
COVER : 20.00 mm
REBARS
MAINBARS : 12 mm mainbars
SPACING
SHORT SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
LONG SPAN
TEMPERATURE BARS : 10 mm mainbars
TOP : say
BOT : say
S =
261.80 mm 260 mm O.C.
DISC. END MIDSPAN
180 mm 0 mm
155 mm 180 mm
180.11 mm
S =
180 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
261.80 mm 260 mm O.C.
261.80 mm 260 mm O.C.
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
180 mm O.C.
CONT. END
180 mm
155 mm
PROJECT : TROPICANA GARDEN CITY
LOCATION : SUMULONG AVENUE, BRGY. STO. NINO, MARIKINA CITY
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
SPAN
L = 9.76 m
S = 5.12 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 2.40 kN/m
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
* PARTITION : - kN/m
2
2
2
* CONCRETE SLAB (6") : 3.60 kN/m
2
75 psf
* ROOF TRUSS : - kN/m
2
* CEMENT TILE ROOFING : - kN/m
2
* MEACHANICAL/ ELECTRICAL
AHU : - kN/m
2
Note:
2
2
2
130 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 4.80 kN/m
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
CODE:
L = 9.76
S = 5.12
S
L
m = 0.525
SINCE
m = 0.525 > 0.50 therefore TWO - WAY SLAB
perimeter
180
H = say
3.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
W
u dead load
=
(DEAD LOAD)
W
u live load
=
(LIVE LOAD)
m
m
m =
H = ( 1000 )
165.33 mm 150.00 mm
15.159 kN/m
7.484 kN/m
7.676 kN/m
m = 0.525
Note:
indicates continuous edge, fixed at support
indicates discontinuous edge, torsion is negligible
A.) @ SHORT SPAN s = 5.12 m B.) @ LONG SPAN L = 9.76 m
* NEGATIVE MOMENT (@ continuous side) * NEGATIVE MOMENT (@ continuous side)
0.55 - 0 0.55 - 0.028
0.525 -
C
S neg 0.525 -
C
L neg
0.50 - 0 0.50 - 0.022
C
S neg =
- C
L neg =
0.02495
Mu
s = C
S neg
W
u
s
2
Mu
L =
Mu
s = Mu
L =
* POSITIVE MOMENT (@ midspan) * POSITIVE MOMENT (@ midspan)
DEAD LOAD DEAD LOAD
0.55 - 0.071 0.55 - 0.009
0.525 - C
s DL 0.525 - C
L DL
0.50 - 0.08 0.50 - 0.007
C
s DL =
0.07557 C
L DL =
0.00798
Mu
s DL = C
s DL
Wu
DL
s
2
Mu
L DL =
Mu
s DL = Mu
L DL =
LIVE LOAD LIVE LOAD
0.55 - 0.080 0.55 - 0.009
0.525 - C
s LL 0.525 - C
L LL
0.50 - 0.088 0.50 - 0.007
C
s LL
= 0.08407 C
L LL = 0.00798
Mu
s LL = C
s LL
Wu
LL
s
2
Mu
L LL =
Mu
s LL = Mu
L LL =
TOTAL (+) Mu
s = TOTAL (+) Mu
L =
* MOMENT (@ discontinuous side) * MOMENT (@ discontinuous side)
Mu
s = 1/3 (+Mu
s
) Mu
L = 1/3 (+Mu
L
)
Mu
s = Mu
L =
5.1 A.) ALONG SHORT SPAN
Mu
s =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d =
H - cover - 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
d =
1 = 1.69492
2 = 0.00000

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
C
L DL
Wu
DL
L
2
14.826 kN/m 5.691 kN/m
31.741 kN/m 11.529 kN/m
10.580 kN/m
C
L neg
W
u
L
2
0.000 kN-m 36.030 kN/m
CASE 3
S
L
124.00 mm
C
L LL
WuL
L
L
2
16.915 kN/m 5.837 kN/m
0.000 kN/m
0.000 kN/m
1 =
2 =
1
= 0.16949
2
= -
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max =
0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= - <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 627.93
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
s =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.60743
2 = 0.08748

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16074
2
= 0.00875
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max =
0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
fy (600 + fy)
S =
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
31.741 kN/m
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
180 mm O.C.
1 =
2 =
min =
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00875 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
As
min =

min
b d
As
min = 1,084.76
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s min
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
5.2 B.) ALONG LONG DIRECTION
Mu
L =
Mu
L
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d' =
H - cover - d
b
- 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
d' = 112.00 mm
1 = 1.57032
2 = 0.12460

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.15703
2
= 0.01246
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.01246 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
As
min =
min
b d
fy (600 + fy)
1 =
2 =
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
S =
104.26 mm 100 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
104.26 mm 100 mm O.C.
100 mm O.C.
36.030 kN/m
As
min = 1,395.49
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
L =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.65714
2 = 0.03778

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16571
2
= 0.00378
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00378 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 567.16
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
* MOMENT (@ discontinuous side)
S = 3 S
@ midspan
S =
190 mm O.C.
190 mm O.C.
570 mm O.C.
=
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
S =
81.04 mm 100 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
S =
199.41 mm 190 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
199.41 mm
1 =
81.04 mm 100 mm O.C.
100 mm O.C.
11.529 kN/m
2
ACI CODE:
S <
S = > 500 mm ; ok
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 20.00 mm
REBARS
SPACING
SHORT SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
LONG SPAN
TOP :
BOT : 300 mm 100 mm 190 mm
180 mm 100 mm 180 mm
DISC. END MIDSPAN CONT. END
300 mm 190 mm 100 mm
450 mm
570 mm O.C.
DISC. END CONT. END
100 mm 180 mm 100 mm
MIDSPAN
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
SPAN
L = 5.35 m
S = 2.94 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
* PARTITION : 0.96 kN/m
2
20 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
AHU : - kN/m
2
Note:
2
2
2
125 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
CODE:
L = 5.35
S = 2.94
S
L
m = 0.549
SINCE
perimeter
180
H = say
3.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
W
u dead load
=
(DEAD LOAD)
W
u live load
=
(LIVE LOAD)
m = 0.549
Note:
7.196 kN/m
7.676 kN/m
CASE 9
m
m
m =
S
L
H = ( 1000 )
92.06 mm 150.00 mm
14.872 kN/m
0.55 - 0.086 0.55 - 0.005
0.549 -
C
S neg 0.549 -
C
L neg
0.50 - 0.088 0.50 - 0.003
C
S neg = 0.08606 C
L neg = 0.00494
Mu
s = C
S neg
W
u
s
2
Mu
L =
Mu
s = Mu
L =
DEAD LOAD DEAD LOAD
0.55 - 0.037 0.55 - 0.003
0.549 - C
s DL 0.549 - C
L DL
0.50 - 0.038 0.50 - 0.002
C
s DL = 0.03703 C
L DL = 0.00297
Mu
s DL = C
s DL
Wu
DL
s
2
Mu
L DL =
Mu
s DL = Mu
L DL =
LIVE LOAD LIVE LOAD
0.55 - 0.063 0.55 - 0.006
0.549 - C
s LL 0.549 - C
L LL
0.50 - 0.067 0.50 - 0.004
C
s LL
= 0.06311 C
L LL = 0.00594
Mu
s LL = C
s LL
Wu
LL
s
2
Mu
L LL =
Mu
s LL = Mu
L LL =
TOTAL (+) Mu
s = TOTAL (+) Mu
L =
Mu
s = 1/3 (+Mu
s
) Mu
L = 1/3 (+Mu
L
)
Mu
s = Mu
L =
A.) ALONG SHORT SPAN
Mu
s =
M
U = f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d = H - cover - 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
d =
1 = 1.66559
2 = 0.02932

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1 = 0.16656
2 = 0.00293
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max = 0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00293 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
1 = =
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
11.024 kN/m
124.00 mm
C
L LL
WuL
L
L
2
4.173 kN/m 1.306 kN/m
6.468 kN/m 1.918 kN/m
0.000 kN/m 0.639 kN/m
C
L neg
W
u
L
2
11.024 kN-m 2.104 kN/m
C
L DL
Wu
DL
L
2
2.295 kN/m 0.612 kN/m
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 627.93
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
s =
M
U = f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.67784
2 = 0.01708

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1 = 0.16778
2 = 0.00171
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max = 0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00171 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 627.93
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s min
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
B.) ALONG LONG DIRECTION
Mu
L =
Mu
L =
f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d' = H - cover - d
b
- 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
180 mm O.C.
2.104 kN/m
S =
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
100 mm
S =
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
450 mm
180.11 mm 180 mm O.C.
180 mm O.C.
6.468 kN/m
1 =
2 =
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
d' = 112.00 mm
1 = 1.68815
2 = 0.00677

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1 = 0.16881
2 = 0.00068
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max = 0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00068 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 567.16
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok
2 =
min
199.41 mm 190 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
199.41 mm 190 mm O.C.
=
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
1 =
fy (600 + fy)
S =
< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
L =
M
U = f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.68875
2 = 0.00617

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1 = 0.16887
2 = 0.00062
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max = 0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00062 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 567.16
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
S = 3 S
@ midspan
S =
ACI CODE:
S <
S = > 500 mm ; ok
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 20.00 mm
REBARS
SPACING
SHORT SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
LONG SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
=
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1 =
2
190 mm O.C.
1.918 kN/m
S =
199.41 mm
450 mm
100 mm
199.41 mm 190 mm O.C.
190 mm O.C.
570 mm O.C.
190 mm O.C.
450 mm
570 mm O.C.
300 mm 180 mm 180 mm
300 mm 180 mm 180 mm
300 mm 190 mm 190 mm
300 mm 190 mm 190 mm
PROJECT : TROPICANA GARDEN CITY
LOCATION : SUMULONG AVENUE, BRGY. STO. NINO, MARIKINA CITY
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
SPAN
L = 5.09 m
S = 4.72 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75.0 psf
2
2
AHU : - kN/m
2
Note:
2
2
2
130.0 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
CODE:
L = 5.09
S = 4.72
S
L
m = 0.927
SINCE
perimeter
180
H = try
3.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
W
u dead load
=
(DEAD LOAD)
W
u live load
=
(LIVE LOAD)
m
m
m =
H = ( 1000 )
109.00 mm 150.00 mm
15.159 kN/m
7.484 kN/m
7.676 kN/m
m = 0.927
Note:
0.95 - 0.074 0.95 - 0
0.927 -
C
S neg 0.927 -
C
L neg
0.90 - 0.080 0.90 - 0
C
S neg =
0.07672 C
L neg =
-
Mu
s = C
S neg
W
u
s
2
Mu
L =
Mu
s = Mu
L =
DEAD LOAD DEAD LOAD
0.95 - 0.028 0.95 - 0.015
0.927 - C
s DL 0.927 - C
L DL
0.90 - 0.029 0.90 - 0.013
C
s DL =
0.02845 C
L DL =
0.01409
Mu
s DL = C
s DL
Wu
DL
s
2
Mu
L DL =
Mu
s DL = Mu
L DL =
LIVE LOAD LIVE LOAD
0.95 - 0.034 0.95 - 0.024
0.927 - C
s LL 0.927 - C
L LL
0.90 - 0.037 0.90 - 0.021
C
s LL
= 0.03536 C
L LL = 0.02264
Mu
s LL = C
s LL
Wu
LL
s
2
Mu
L LL =
Mu
s LL = Mu
L LL =
TOTAL (+) Mu
s = TOTAL (+) Mu
L =
Mu
s = 1/3 (+Mu
s
) Mu
L = 1/3 (+Mu
L
)
Mu
s = Mu
L =
5.1 A.) ALONG SHORT SPAN
Mu
s =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d =
H - cover - 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
d =
1 = 1.62424
2 = 0.07067

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
S
L
C
L neg
W
u
L
2
25.911 kN-m 0.000 kN-m
C
L DL
Wu
DL
L
2
4.744 kN-m 2.732 kN-m
CASE 5
25.911 kN-m
124.00 mm
C
L LL
WuL
L
L
2
6.047 kN-m 4.502 kN-m
10.791 kN-m 7.234 kN-m
0.000 kN-m 2.411 kN-m
=
1 =
2
1
= 0.16242
2
= 0.00707
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00707 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
As =
b d
As
=
876.37
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
s =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.66622
2 = 0.02869

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16662
2
= 0.00287
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
125 mm O.C.
125 mm O.C.
10.791 kN-m
fy (600 + fy)
S =
129.05 mm 125 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
129.05 mm
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1 =
2 =
min =
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00287 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
As =
b d
As
=
627.93
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s min
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
5.2 B.) ALONG LONG DIRECTION
Mu
L =
Mu
L
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d' =
H - cover - d
b
- 1/2 d
b
cover = 20.00 mm
d' = 112.00 mm
1 = 1.69492
2 = 0.00000

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16949
2
= -
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= - <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
180.11 mm 175 mm O.C.
175 mm O.C.
0.000 kN/m
S =
180.11 mm 175 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
=
min =
b = 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
1 =
2
fy (600 + fy)
As
min = 567.16
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
(+) Mu
L =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
1 = 1.67141
2 = 0.02350

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16714
2
= 0.00235
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max =
0.75
b
1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b = 0.04946
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.03710
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00235 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
As
min =
min
b d
As
min = 567.16
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say < 450 mm ; ok

< 450 mm ; ok
> 100 mm ; ok
Therefore S =
S = 3 S
@ midspan
S =
195 mm O.C.
195 mm O.C.
7.234 kN/m
S =
199.41 mm 195 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
199.41 mm
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1 =
2 =
min =
S =
199.41 mm 195 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
b = 0.85
1
199.41 mm 195 mm O.C.
195 mm O.C.
585 mm O.C.
ACI CODE:
S <
S = > 500 mm ; ok
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 20.00 mm
REBARS
SPACING
SHORT SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
LONG SPAN
TOP :
BOT :
125 mm 175 mm 125 mm
450 mm
585 mm O.C.
300 mm 195 mm 195 mm
300 mm 195 mm 195 mm
175 mm 125 mm 175 mm
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF BEAM (B - 1C)
ANALYSIS FOR BENDING
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 9.76
LENGTH (s) = 5.12
* DESIGN LOADING
A. REINFORCED CONCRETE : 23.55
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 2.40
kN/m
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75 psf
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
ASSUME FLOOR FINISH : -
kN/m
2
CERAMIC TILE 25 mm MORTAR : -
kN/m
2
2
130 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 15.16
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
CONSIDER LONG DIRECTION
TRIAL SECTION 300 x 500
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
11
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
= 235.090 kN-m
4.239 kN/m
39.487 kN/m
m
25.872 kN/m
341.949 kN-m
2
m
kN/m
2
35.248 kN/m
M
U
WEIGHT OF BEAM
=
M
U =
Wu = 2
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
* TOTAL REACTIONS
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
3.0 REINFORCING STEEL BARS
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.39359
2 = 0.30132

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.13936
2
= 0.03013
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.03013 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
As Note: use 20 mm BARS
A
b
N = 12.37 say 13 20 mm BARS
SPACING OF MAINBARS
S = 4.00 mm < 25.00 mm Use bundled bars
* POSITIVE MOMENT
341.95 kN-m
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
T(A-B) due to wt of beam
192.697 kN
b
=
3,887.09
427.50 mm
N =
=
1 = =
0.85
1
0.04946
0.03710
min
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 0.78226
2 = 0.21774

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.07823
2
= 0.02177
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.02177 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 8.94 say 9 20 mm BARS
SPACING OF MAINBARS
S = 14.00 mm < 25.00 mm Use bundled bars
CHECK ADEQUACY 300 x 500
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
0.85 f'c a b = As fy
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE 342.17 kN-m 341.95 kN-m
2,808.90
N =
152.43 mm
427.50 mm
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
=
min =
1 =
235.09 kN-m
0.03710
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
6.0 SUMMARY
BEAM DIMENSION : 300 x 500
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
110.15 mm
262.04 kN-m 235.09 kN-m
DISC. END MIDSPAN
9
13
9
- 9
- 13
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
13
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF BEAM (2B - 1B)
ANALYSIS FOR SHEARING
1.0 WEB REINFORCEMENT
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u =
FACTORED SHEAR
R
T =
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.75
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c ; STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY
IF V
u
< V
c BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s
3 fy
S = d / 2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c ; STIRRUPS ARE NOT NECESSARY
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
V
C =
V
c =
Vu

Vs = -14.41 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u = 73.98 kN
V
c
= 84.79 kN
1/2 V
c
= 42.39 kN
V
u
= 73.98 kN < V
c
= 84.79 kN
> 1/2 V
c
= 42.39 kN
Therefore STIRRUPS ARE NEEDED
MAXIMUM SPACING TO PROVIDE MINIMUM Av FOR STIRRUPS
b
w
s
3 fy
S = d /2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
Av fy d
Vs
A
V
= mm
2
Note: use 12 mm TIES
Av fy d
Vs
S
1
= say
Vs = - Vc
113.05 kN
84.79 kN
(MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS) =
73.978 kN
192.697 kN
S =
-933.05 mm -950.00 mm
= V
u
A
V
S
A
V
=
=
113.10
S
= d /2 or 600 mm
S
2
=
=
Therefore use S = (use smaller value)
WEB REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
5.0 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
fy
t
e
1.7 f'c
t
= 1.0
e
= 1.0
s
= 1.0
= 1.0
c
b
= 30.00 mm (one half of c. to c. spacing of bars)
L
d = say 620.00 mm
40 A
tr
sn
A
tr
= mm
2
n = 13 bars
SPACING OF MAINBARS
S 25.33 mm > 25 mm ; Therefore ok
40 A
tr
sn
k
tr
= 0.0
4,084.07
215.00 mm
(d
b
)
(d
b
)
k
tr =
fy
t
s
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
fy
t
s
k
tr =
L
d =
L
d =
-950.00 mm
L
d = (d
b
) (25 mm bars and larger)
618.59 mm
600.00 mm
L
d =
CHECK CODE:
(c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
= 1.50 < 2.50
Mu =
Mu
Mn =
Mn = Mn
1
+ Mn
2
Mn
1 =
Mn
2 =
STEEL AREA
COMPRESSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
2 = As
2
fy (d - d')
As
1 =

b d
As
1 =
mm
2
Checking if Compression Steel Yields
As
1
fy
0.85 f'c b
a =
a
1
c =
(d - c)
c
'
s
= #REF!
fy
Es
'
s
= #REF! # 0.001 #REF!
Mn
2
fy (d - d')
As'
req'd
= mm
2
No. of COMPRESSION BARS
As'
req'd
Note: use 28 mm BARS
A
b
N = #REF! say #REF! 28 mm BARS
#REF!
'
s = 0.003
c = =
As'
req'd
=
0.00138
#REF!
=
= As
2
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
= 0.85
Mn =
#REF!
a
#REF!
c =
1
(d
b
)
N
=
1
c
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
=
637.33 mm
L
d =
Checking of bar spacing
S = 14.67 mm > 25 mm spacing is OK
TENSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
1
fy (d - a/2)
As
1
= mm
2
As = As
1
+ As
2
As'
req'd
= As
2
= mm
2
As = mm
2
No. of TENSION BARS
A
b
N = #REF! say #REF! 28 mm BARS
L
d
= l
db
x applicable modification factor
BUT NOT LESS THAN 300 mm
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH IN TENSION
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
* Bars not included in the conditions (m = 1.4)
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 244.35 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
x modification factor
L
d
=
244.35 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 265.41 mm
l
db
= 200.00 mm > 218.38 mm THEREFORE USE MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
371.57 mm SAY 310.00 mm
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH IN COMPRESSION
#REF!
#REF!
N =
As
1 =
#REF!
l
db
=
BUT NOT LESS THAN 0.06
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
* Excess reinforcement. Reinforcement more than that
required by analysis
As required
As provided
m= #REF!
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 233.34 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
#REF! mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 176.94
m
m
l
db
= 190.00 mm > 145.59 mm THEREFORE OK!
L
d
=
#REF! mm SAY 30.00 mm
7.0 STANDARD HOOKS AND SPLICES
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
NOT LESS THAN 150 mm
l
hb
=
57.87 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
3. A
s
required l
hb
= # mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
l
db
=
l
db
=
m

=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
= #REF! mm
Lap splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension shall be Class B splices
except that Class A splices are allowed when:
(a) The area of reinforcement provided is at least twice that required by analysis over
the entire length of the splice, and
(b) One-half or less of the total reinforcement is spliced within the required lap
strength
(a) A
s
required = 113.10 mm
2
(b) Lap strength: 415 Mpa
THEREFORE SPLICE IS CLASS B
SPLICE = #REF! mm SAY 30.00 mm
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
; fy = 415 Mpa or less
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= #REF! mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 309.64 mm
THEREFORE SPLICE = #REF! mm SAY 30.00 mm
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF BEAM (B - 6)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 9.76
LENGTH (s) = 5.12
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 2.40
kN/m
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75 psf
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
2
130 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 15.16
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
14
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
2
35.248 kN/m
m
m
kN/m
2
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
Wu = 2
WEIGHT OF BEAM
4.239 kN/m
30.111 kN/m
M
U =
49.334 kN-m
M
U =
56.382 kN-m
25.872 kN/m
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.65838
2 = 0.03653

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16584
2
= 0.00365
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00365 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
S = 48.00 mm > 25.00 mm Therefore ok
77.084 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
427.50 mm
49.33 kN-m
1 = =
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 0.95733
2 = 0.04267

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.09573
2
= 0.00427
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00427 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
56.38 kN-m
1 =
25.62 mm
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
427.50 mm
67.81 kN-m 49.33 kN-m
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
DISC. END MIDSPAN
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
25.62 mm
67.81 kN-m 56.38 kN-m
3 3 - -
3 3 - -
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
-
-
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF BEAM (B - 1D)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 5.09
LENGTH (s) = 4.72
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 2.40
kN/m
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75 psf
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
2
130 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 15.16
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
11
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
2
25.521 kN/m
m
m
kN/m
2
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
Wu = 2
WEIGHT OF BEAM
4.239 kN/m
28.090 kN/m
M
U =
56.890 kN-m
M
U =
39.112 kN-m
23.851 kN/m
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.65264
2 = 0.04227

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16526
2
= 0.00423
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00423 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
66.292 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
427.50 mm
56.89 kN-m
1 = =
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
39.11 kN-m
1 = 0.97081
2 = 0.02919

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.09708
2
= 0.00292
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00292 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
1 =
25.62 mm
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
427.50 mm
67.81 kN-m 56.89 kN-m
25.62 mm
67.81 kN-m 39.11 kN-m
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
DISC. END MIDSPAN
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
- 3 3 3
- 3 3 3
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
3
3
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF ROOF BEAM (RB - 1C)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 9.76
LENGTH (s) = 5.12
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : -
kN/m
2
2
5 psf
2
2
2
* CONCRETE SLAB (6") : - kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.44
kN/m
2
30 psf
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
2
35 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.77 kN/m
2
16 psf
* FLOORS : - kN/m
2
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
16 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 3.24
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
11
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
WEIGHT OF BEAM
4.239 kN/m
11.779 kN/m
M
U =
102.007 kN-m
M
U =
70.130 kN-m
5.535 kN/m
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
Wu = 2
2
7.540 kN/m
m
m
kN/m
2
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.61747
2 = 0.07745

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16175
2
= 0.00774
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00774 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
999.06
N =
70.13 kN-m
1 =
427.50 mm
102.007 kN-m
30.155 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
1 = 0.94631
2 = 0.05369

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.09463
2
= 0.00537
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00537 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
102.02 kN-m 102.01 kN-m
27.16 mm
71.77 kN-m 70.13 kN-m
39.18 mm
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
692.66
N =
427.50 mm
1 =
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
- 3 4 4
- 4 3 3
DISC. END MIDSPAN
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
4
3
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF ROOF BEAM (RB - 6)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 9.76
LENGTH (s) = 5.12
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : -
kN/m
2
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.44
kN/m
2
30 psf
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
2
35 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.77 kN/m
2
16 psf
* FLOORS : - kN/m
2
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
16 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 3.24
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
14
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
WEIGHT OF BEAM
4.239 kN/m
9.774 kN/m
M
U =
16.013 kN-m
M
U =
18.301 kN-m
5.535 kN/m
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
Wu = 2
2
7.540 kN/m
m
m
kN/m
2
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.68323
2 = 0.01168

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16832
2
= 0.00117
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00117 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
18.30 kN-m
1 =
427.50 mm
16.01 kN-m
25.021 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
1 = 0.98656
2 = 0.01344

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.09866
2
= 0.00134
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00134 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
67.81 kN-m 16.01 kN-m
25.62 mm
67.81 kN-m 18.30 kN-m
25.62 mm
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
427.50 mm
1 =
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
3 3 - -
3 3 - -
DISC. END MIDSPAN
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
-
-
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF ROOF BEAM (RB - 1D)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH (L) = 5.09
LENGTH (s) = 4.72
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : -
kN/m
2
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.44
kN/m
2
30 psf
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
2
35 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.77 kN/m
2
16 psf
* FLOORS : - kN/m
2
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
16 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
= 3.24
* LOAD TRANSFER
@ LONG DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
@ SHORT DIRECTION
P s
6
Wu =
wt. of beam
=
W
u TOTAL
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
14
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
WEIGHT OF BEAM
4.239 kN/m
9.341 kN/m
M
U =
13.007 kN-m
M
U =
14.865 kN-m
5.102 kN/m
Wu = (3 - (s/L)
2
Wu = 2
2
5.460 kN/m
m
m
kN/m
2
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
d = say 430 mm
b = 300 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.68544
2 = 0.00948

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.16854
2
= 0.00095
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00095 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
14.86 kN-m
1 =
427.50 mm
13.01 kN-m
22.045 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
1 = 0.98911
2 = 0.01089

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.09891
2
= 0.00109
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max
= 0.75
b
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.03710
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00109 <
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.03710
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min

b d
As
min =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 430 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
67.81 kN-m 13.01 kN-m
25.62 mm
67.81 kN-m 14.86 kN-m
25.62 mm
=
min =
b
= 0.85
1
0.04946
2
0.03710
653.25
N =
427.50 mm
1 =
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT :
3 3 3 -
3 3 3 -
DISC. END MIDSPAN
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
-
-
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF BEAM (2B - 1B)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 34.56 MPa 5,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
LENGTH = 15.00
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
* CEILING : 0.24
kN/m
2
5 psf
2
20 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
kN/m
2
Note:
2
kN/m
2
TOTAL DEAD LOAD : 6.00
kN/m
2
125 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
TRIBUTARY WIDTH = 4.00 m
Dead Load =
Live Load =
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
wt. of beam
=
Dead Load =
Live Load =
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
10
M
U
=
* POSITIVE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
16
M
U
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
19.189 kN/m
59.486 kN/m
WEIGHT OF BEAM
9.420 kN/m
33.406 kN/m
19.189 kN/m
70.790 kN/m
M
U =
m
23.986 kN/m
1,592.778 kN-m
M
U =
995.486 kN-m
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
3.0 POST TENSIONED ANALYSIS
ASSUME:
= 0.90 bending
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
353.951 kN
d = say 730 mm
b = 500 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
* NEGATIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.47390
2 = 0.22102

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.18424
2
= 0.02763
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00506
max = 0.04637
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.02763 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.04637
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 20.54 say 22 25 mm BARS
SPACING OF MAINBARS
* POSITIVE MOMENT
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 0.86038
2 = 0.13962

1
fc'
2
fc'
fy fy
1
= 0.10755
2
= 0.01745
1.4
fy
1 = =
min
=
1 = =
min
=
727.50 mm
1,592.78 kN-m
N =
995.49 kN-m
b
= 0.85
1
0.06183
0.04637
10,083.98
min = 0.00506
max = 0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min
=
0.00506
max
=
0.04637
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.01745 >
min = 0.00506
<
max = 0.04637
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 12.98 say 14 25 mm BARS
SPACING OF MAINBARS
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say 730 mm
@ NEGATIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
@ POSITIVE MOMENT
C = T
a =
M
U
=
As fy (d - a/2))
M
U
=
> SAFE
N =
1,593.49 kN-m
995.49 kN-m 1,062.00 kN-m
6,369.99
727.50 mm
189.82 mm
119.91 mm
1,592.78 kN-m
b
= 0.85
1
0.06183
0.04637
6.0 SUMMARY
COVER : 60.00 mm
REBARS
TOP :
BOT : - 22 14 14
CONT. END
@ LEFT @ RIGHT
- 14 22 22
DISC. END MIDSPAN
14
CONT. END
@ RIGHT
22
PROJECT : ADMIN BUILDING
LOCATION :
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
LENGTH = 6.30
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
20 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
125 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
50 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
50 psf
TRIBUTARY AREA = 9.92 m
2
Dead Load =
Live Load =
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
* REACTION DUE TO LOADING
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
R
A
= R
B =
54.741 kN
TRIAL SECTION
17.378 kN/m
M
U =
m
9.445 kN/m
3.778 kN/m
(Restrained beams)
57.478 kN-m
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
= 0.18 to take care of deflection
b = d / 2
= 0.90 bending
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
b = 250 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
h = 500 mm
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
Wu
Beam
=
* REACTION DUE TO WEIGHT OF BEAM
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
* TOTAL REACTIONS
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
Wu
beam
L
2
12
Mu
beam
=
* TOTAL MOMENT OF BEAM :
M
U
=
Mu
loading
+ Mu
wt. of beam
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
Note:
SINCE d = 330 mm < 440 mm ok
CHECK FOR MOMENT CAPACITY
Mu
LOADS
=
(ACTUAL MOMENT CAPACITY DUE TO LOADS)
Mu
CAP.
=
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF Mu Mu
max
; DESIGN AS SINGLY REINFORCED
IF Mu > Mu
max
; DESIGN AS DOUBLY REINFORCED
SINCE
Mu = <
THEREFORE ; DESIGN AS SINGLY REINFORCED
71.50 kN-m 300.23 kN-m
68.094 kN
Mu
beam =
306.23 mm
300.23 kN-m
4.239 kN/m
R
A
= R
B =
13.353 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
14.020 kN-m
71.50 kN-m
329.34 mm 330 mm
71.50 kN-m
(Restrained beams)
440 mm
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01202
1.4
fy
min = 0.00338
max =
0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min
= 0.00338
max = 0.02141
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.01202 >
min = 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
Aps =
p
b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
SPACING OF MAINBARS
BEAM DETAILS @ SUPPORT and MIDSPAN
0.02855
0.02141
b
=
1,803.03
N =
=
=
min
=
0.85
1
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u = 10.81 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.75
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
IF V
u
< V
c BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
V
C = 109.54 kN
V
c = 82.16 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u = 10.81 kN
V
c = 82.16 kN
1/2 V
c = 41.08 kN
V
u = 10.81 kN < V
c = 82.16 kN
< 1/2 V
c = 41.08 kN
Therefore STIRRUPS ARE NOT NEEDED
b
w
s
3 fy
S
= d /2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
3 Av fy
b
w
A
V
= mm
2
3 Av fy
b
w
S
1
= say
S
= d /2 or 600 mm
S
2
=
=
S =
A
V =
V
u =
(MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS)
600.00 mm
A
V =
570.00 mm
113.10
S =
561.87 mm 570.00 mm
220.00 mm
fy
t
e
1.7 f'c
t
= 1.0
e
= 1.0
s
= 1.0
= 1.0
c
b
L
d = say 930.00 mm
40 A
tr
sn
A
tr
= mm
2
n = 6 bars
SPACING OF MAINBARS
40 A
tr
sn
k
tr
= 0.0
L
d =
CHECK CODE:
(c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
= 1.50 < 2.50
954.39 mm
1,884.96
L
d =
fy
t
s
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
=
fy
t
s
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
k
tr =
k
tr =
L
d
L
d = (d
b
926.32 mm
Mu =
Mu
Mn =
Mn = Mn
1
+ Mn
2
Mn
1 =
Mn
2 =
STEEL AREA
COMPRESSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
2 = As
2
fy (d - d')
As
1 =

b d
As
1 =
mm
2
As
1
fy
0.85 f'c b
a =
a
1
c =
(d - c)
c
'
s
= 0.00904
fy
Es
'
s
= 0.009 > 0.002 therefore compression steel yileds
Mn
2
fy (d - d')
As'
req'd
= mm
2
As'
req'd
A
b
N = (1.97) say -2 28 mm BARS
TENSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
1
fy (d - a/2)
As
1
= mm
2
As = As
1
+ As
2
As'
req'd
= As
2
= mm
2
As = mm
2
No. of TENSION BARS
= As
2
(1,212.06)
N =
As
1 =
= 0.85
0.003
c = = 0.00207
As'
req'd =
124.57 mm
'
s =
=
1
c
105.88 mm
c =
1
71.50 kN-m
Mn =
79.44 kN-m
300.23 kN-m
-220.79 kN-m
1,803.03
a =
1,622.15
(1,212.06)
410.09
N =
A
b
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 397.44 mm
l
db
db
L
d
=
556.42 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 349.42 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
38.96 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
m

=
l
db
=
N =
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 264.96
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
57.87 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
3. A
s
required l
hb
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 38.96 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
SPLICE = 50.65 mm SAY 30.00 mm
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
= 38.96 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 463.68 mm
THEREFORE SPLICE = 38.96 mm SAY 30.00 mm
DESIGN OF LINTEL BEAM (LB 1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 3.50 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
A. REINFORCED CONCRETE : 23.55 KN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
* 4" CHB WALL : 2.10 kN/m
2
2
* CONCRETE SLAB : 2.39 kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.43 kN/m
2
* CEMENT TILE ROOFING : 0.77 kN/m
2
NOTE:
ASSUME FLOOR FINISH : 1.58 kN/m
2
CERAMIC TILE 25 mm MORTAR : 1.10 kN/m
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
* BALCONY : 2.90 kN/m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
* FLOOR FINISH : 3.20 kN/m
TOTAL DEAD LOAD: 13.79 kN/m
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.85 kN/m
TOTAL LIVE LOAD: 3.85 kN/m
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.85 kN/m
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
26.38 kN-m
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
= 0.18 TO TAKE CARE OF DEFLECTION
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 260.13 say 350 mm
b = 175 mm
TRY 175 x 410
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 1.69 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
1.72 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
28.11 KN-m
CHECK ADEQUACY OF 175 x 350
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 265.70 say 270 mm
SINCE d = 270 mm < 350 mm THEREFORE SAFE!!!
USE SECTION 175 x 350
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m (ACTUAL MOMENT CAPACITY DUE TO LOADS)
M
U max
= 71.89 KN-m (MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m < M
U max
= 71.89 kN-m
THEREFORE DESIGN AS SINGLY REINFORCED
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
M
U
=
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,003.24 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note:
use 16 mm for mainbars
A
b
N = 4.99 say 5 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
S = 53.50 mm > 25 mm; THEREFORE OK!
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
48.19 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
; STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s (MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS)
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
; STIRRUPS ARE NOT NEEDED
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
46.45 kN
V
c
=
39.48 kN
A
V
=
b
= 0.85
1
N =
V
u
=
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 48.19 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
SINCE V
U
> V
C
THEREFORE STIRRUPS ARE NEEDED
CALCULATE THE SHEAR STRENGTH V
S
V
N
= V
U
/
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
U
/ - V
C
CODE
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d CHECK FOR SPACING OF STIRRUPS
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d ADJUST SIZE OF BEAM
V
N
= V
U
/
V
N
=
56.69
kN
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
S
=
10.25
kN
2/3 f'c b
w
d =
185.78
kN
SINCE V
S
< 2/3 f'c b
w
d THEREFORE ADJUST SIZE OF BEAM
SPACING
A
V
fy d
Vs
S = 1,220.63 mm
CHECK CODE:
MAXIMUM SPACING
(a) WHEN V
s
1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
s
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 92.89 kN
SINCE Vs = 10.25 kN < 92.89 kN THEREFORE
S
max
= 175 mmor
S
max
= 600 mm
THEREFORE S
max
= 175 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
* Bars in beams or columns with transverse reinforcement
satisfying tie requirements of Code (m = 1.0)
S =
d
b
fy l
db
=
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
= 200.00 mm > 218.38 mm THEREFORE USE
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 245.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
DESIGN OF BEAM (B 2)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.32 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
* LINTEL BEAM (LB - 1); REACTION DUE TO : 4.14 kN
SHEAR FORCE ACTING ON THE BEAM (3.50 m)
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
16.83 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.14 kN
P
uB-1
=
5.80 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
41.32 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 302.10 say 400 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 250 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
46.58 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 314.41 say 320 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note: use 16 mm for mainbars
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
98.50 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 98.50 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
THEREFORE, STIRRUPS ARE NEEDED
CALCULATE SHEAR STRENGTH:
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
115.89 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
55.22 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

; CALCULATE SPACING OF STIRRUPS
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

; ADJUST SIZE OF BEAM
2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
THEREFORE CALCULATE SPACING OF STIRRUPS
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
IF S < 25 mm ; INCREASE THE VALUE OF A
V
BY EITHER USING A BIGGER BAR SIZE OR ADDING
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN
SINCE V
S
= 55.22 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 129.41 mm SAY 125.00 mm
THEREFORE USE S= 125.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
S=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 2.73 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.18 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.31 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
64.63 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 356.97 say 360 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 200 x 460
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
69.90 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 341.48 say 350 mm
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
0.85
1
N =
min
=
b
=
=
=
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
71.23 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 71.23 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
83.80 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
23.14 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN
V
u
=
A
V
=
S=
SINCE V
S
= 23.14 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 339.75 mm SAY 335.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
S=
m

=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
LOCATION :
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000
fy = 414.00 MPa
LENGTH = 6.30
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 1.20
kN/m
2
* CEILING : 0.24
kN/m
2
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
* 4" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : -
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 2.40
kN/m
2
* BALCONY : -
kN/m
2
TOTAL LIVE LOAD : 2.40
kN/m
2
TRIBUTARY AREA = 19.85
m
2
Dead Load =
Live Load =
Concentrated Load =
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD (concentrated load)
m
18.889 kN/m
7.556 kN/m
9.499 kN/m
W
u
= 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
P
u
=
1.2 DL
P
u
=
due to concentrated load
R
A
= R
B
= 5.699 kN
due to uniform load
R
A
= R
B
= 109.482 kN
total reactions
R
A
= R
B
= 115.181 kN
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
due to uniform load
M
U
=
due to concentrated load
M
U
=
8.976 kN-m
total moment M
u
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:

=
0.18 to take care of deflection
b
=
d / 2
=
0.90 bending
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
say
b =
250 mm
h =
d + cover
cover =
60 mm
h =
500 mm
TRIAL SECTION
300 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
Wu
Beam
=
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B
=
* TOTAL REACTIONS
13.353 kN
114.956 kN-m
123.932 kN-m
TRIAL SECTION
395.62 mm
34.756 kN/m
11.398 kN
440 mm
4.239 kN/m
R
A
= R
B
=
R
TA
= R
TB
=
R
TA
= R
TB
=
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
Wu
beam
L
2
12
Mu
beam
=
M
U
=
Mu
loading
+ Mu
wt. of beam
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
say
Note:
SINCE d
=
420 mm < 440 mm ok
Mu
LOADS
=
Mu
CAP.
=
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF Mu Mu
max
IF Mu > Mu
max
SINCE
Mu =
<
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01202
1.4
fy
min = 0.00338
min
=
137.95 kN-m
300.23 kN-m
128.534 kN
Mu
beam
= (Restrained beams)
137.95 kN-m
=
=
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
14.020 kN-m
137.95 kN-m
410.00 mm 420 mm
max =
0.75
b
1
= 0.85
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min
= 0.00338
max
= 0.02141
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
INCREASE DEPTH OF SLAB
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.01202 >
min
=
<
max
=
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
As Note: use
A
b
N = 5.74 say 6
SPACING OF MAINBARS
1,803.03
N =
b
= 0.85
1
0.02855
0.02141
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u beam
L
2
V
u =
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.75
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
; STIRRUPS ARE NOT NECESSARY
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
V
C = 109.54 kN
V
c = 82.16 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u =
V
c = 82.16 kN
1/2 V
c = 41.08 kN
V
u = 1,040.73 kN >
V
c =
>
1/2 V
c =
b
w
s
1,040.73 kN
A
V
=
shear of concentrated load
1,040.73 kN (obtain from shear and moment diagram)
A
V
= (MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS)
V
u
= +
3 fy
S
3 Av fy
b
w
A
V
= mm
2
Note:
3 Av fy
b
w
S
1
= say
S
= d /2 or 600 mm
S
2
=
=
900 (from left)
4,000 (from left)
6,000 (center)
4,000 (from right)
900 (from right)
fy
t
e
1.7 f'c
L
d
= (d
b
1,040.73 kN 1,278.10 kN 200.00 mm
0.00 kN -109.54 kN -10,300.00 mm
994.95 kN 1,217.06 kN 700.00 mm
1,040.73 kN 1,278.10 kN 200.00 mm
994.95 kN 1,217.06 kN 700.00 mm
Distance from support
d (mm)
Shear Strength
Vs=
Vu - Vc
Spacing required
(Vu) S =
S =
561.87 mm 570.00 mm
220.00 mm
600.00 mm
A
V
=
S =
113.10
t
= 1.0
e
= 1.0
s
= 1.0
= 1.0
c
b
L
d
= say
40 A
tr
sn
A
tr
= mm
2
n = 6 bars
SPACING OF MAINBARS
40 A
tr
sn
k
tr
= 0.0
L
d
=
CHECK CODE:
(c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
= 1.50 < 2.50
Mu =
Mu
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
954.39 mm
137.95 kN-m
Mn =
k
tr
=
1,884.96
k
tr
=
L
d
=
fy
t
s
926.32 mm
L
d
=
fy
t
s
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
Mn =
Mn = Mn
1
+ Mn
2
Mn
1
=
Mn
2
=
STEEL AREA
COMPRESSION BARS
Mn
1
= As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
2
= As
2
fy (d - d')
As
1
=

b d
As
1 =
mm
2
As
1
fy
0.85 f'c b
a =
a
1
c =
(d - c)
c
'
s
= 0.00904
fy
Es
'
s
Mn
2
fy (d - d')
As'
req'd
= mm
2
As'
req'd
Note: use
A
b
N = (1.31) say -2
TENSION BARS
Mn
1
= As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
1
As
1
=
As'
req'd
= = As
2
(806.71)
N =
124.57 mm
'
s
= 0.003
c
= = 0.00207
105.88 mm
c =
1
=
153.28 kN-m
300.23 kN-m
-146.95 kN-m
1,803.03
a = =
1
c
Mn =
fy (d - a/2)
As
1
= mm
2
As = As
1
+ As
2
As'
req'd
= As
2
= mm
2
As = mm
2
No. of TENSION BARS
As Note: use
A
b
N = 1.32 say 2
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 397.44 mm
l
db
db
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
As
1
=
1,622.15
(806.71)
815.44
N =
L
d
=
556.42 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 349.42 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
38.96 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 264.96
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
57.87 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
3. A
s
required l
hb
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 38.96 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 38.96 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 463.68 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 3.50 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
KN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 0.60
kN/m
2
* CEILING : 0.50
kN/m
2
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
* 4" CHB WALL : 2.10
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : 2.70
kN/m
2
* CONCRETE SLAB : 2.39
kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.43
kN/m
2
* CEMENT TILE ROOFING : 0.77
kN/m
2
NOTE:
ASSUME FLOOR FINISH : 1.58
kN/m
2
CERAMIC TILE 25 mm MORTAR : 1.10
kN/m
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 1.90
kN/m
2
* BALCONY : 2.90
kN/m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.85 kN/m
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.85 kN/m
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
M
U
=
12
M
U
=
26.38 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
260.13 say 350 mm
b =
175 mm
TRY 175 x 410
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 1.69 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
1.72 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
28.11 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
265.70 say 270 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
M
U
=
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m < M
U max
= 71.89 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b
1
= 0.85
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,003.24
mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
0.85
1
=
=
min
=
b
=
A
s
Note:
A
b
N = 4.99 say 5 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
48.19 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
46.45 kN
V
c
=
39.48 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 48.19 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
SINCE V
U
> V
C
S
V
N
= V
U
/
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
U
/ - V
C
CODE
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
V
N
= V
U
/
V
N
=
56.69
kN
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
S
=
10.25
kN
2/3 f'c b
w
d =
185.78
kN
SINCE V
S
< 2/3 f'c b
w
SPACING
A
V
fy d
Vs
S = 1,220.63 mm
CHECK CODE:
MAXIMUM SPACING
(a) WHEN V
s
1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
s
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 92.89 kN
S
max
= 175 mmor
S
max
= 600 mm
THEREFORE S
max
= 175 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
l
db
=
S =
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
m

=
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 245.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
KN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 0.60
kN/m
2
* CEILING : 0.50
kN/m
2
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
* 4" CHB WALL : 2.10
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : 2.70
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.43
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
NOTE:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 1.90
kN/m
2
* BALCONY : 2.90
kN/m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.32 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
16.83 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.14 kN
P
uB-1
=
5.80 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
41.32 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
302.10 say 400 mm
b =
200 mm
TRY 250 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
46.58 KN-m
M
U
=
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
314.41 say 320 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b
1
= 0.85
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36
mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s
Note: use 16 mm for mainbars
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
98.50 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 98.50 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
115.89 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
55.22 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN
SINCE V
S
= 55.22 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S=
S=
S= 129.41 mm SAY 125.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
m

=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.19 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
KN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 0.60
kN/m
2
* CEILING : 0.50
kN/m
2
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
* 4" CHB WALL : 2.10
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : 2.70
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
* ROOF TRUSS : 1.43
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
NOTE:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 1.90
kN/m
2
* BALCONY : 2.90
kN/m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 2.73 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.18 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.31 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
64.63 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
356.97 say 360 mm
b =
200 mm
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
TRY 200 x 460
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
69.90 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d =
341.48 say 350 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
M
U
=
=
=
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.75
b
1
= 0.85
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36
mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s
Note: use 16 mm for mainbars
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
71.23 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
0.85
1
N =
V
u
=
min
=
b
=
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 71.23 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
83.80 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
23.14 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
A
V
=
S=
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN
SINCE V
S
= 23.14 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 339.75 mm SAY 335.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.11151
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
21.41 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 21.41 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 21.41 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
psi
25 psf
5 psf
20 psf
75 psf
125 psf
50 psf
50 psf
to take care of deflection
440 mm
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
DESIGN AS SINGLY REINFORCED
to take care of deflection
300.23 kN-m
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
420 mm
f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
0.00338
0.02141
20 mm
BARS
20 mm BARS
Therefore ok
0.02855
0.02141
d / 2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
82.16 kN
41.08 kN
shear of concentrated load
(if applicable, use shear and
moment diagram)
(obtain from shear and moment diagram)
d /2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
use 12 mm TIES
Av fy d
Vs
(use average spacing)
(25 mm bars and larger)
200.00 mm
-10,300.00 mm
700.00 mm
200.00 mm
700.00 mm
Spacing required
570.00 mm
(one half of c. to c. spacing of bars)
930.00 mm
; Therefore ok
(d
b
)
(d
b
)
therefore compression steel yileds
28 mm
BARS
28 mm BARS
spacing is OK
0.85
28 mm
BARS
28 mm BARS
mm > 218.38 mm THEREFORE USE MINIMUM l
db
mm > 145.59 mm THEREFORE OK!
l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
TO TAKE CARE OF DEFLECTION
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
mm > 25 mm; THEREFORE OK!
mm > 218.38 mm THEREFORE USE
MINIMUM l
db
l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
V
MINIMUM l
db
l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
V
MINIMUM l
db
l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF COLUMN (C1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
HEIGHT = 7.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75 psf
2
30 psf
2
Note:
2
2
2
160 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.77 kN/m
2
16 psf
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
116 psf
TRIBUTARY AREA= 16.95 m
2
Dead Load = 390.41 kN
Live Load = 283.05 kN
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
P
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
P
u
= 921.37 kN (due to loads)
weight of column = 27.98 kN
TOTAL P
u
= 954.94 kN (loads + weight of column)
2.0 STEEL RATIO
g
=
0.01 . 0.08
ASSUME:
try
g
=
0.025
= 0.75
3.0 GROSS AREA OF CONCRETE IN mm
2
P
U = 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy As
t
]
As
t
=
g
Ag
As
t
= 0.03 Ag
P
U = 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag -
g
Ag) + fy (0.03Ag)]
Ag = 51,489.81 mm
2
Ag = S
2
S = 226.91 mm say 300 mm
TRIAL SECTION 300 x 300 (EQUIVALENT SECTION)
Ag = S
2
Ag = 90,000.00 mm
2
Ag =
P
u
(0.85)[0.85 f'c (1 -
g
) + fy
g
]
G.E. ORIGENES CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Structural Engineer
4.0 REQUIRED STEEL AREA
As =
g
Ag
As = 2,250.00 mm
2
try diameter of bar = 20 mm
As
t
= D
2
/ 4
######
As
t
=
314.16 mm
2
No. of Bars
As
As
t
n = 7.16 say 8 bars
Use 8 - 20 mm
As
t
= D
2
n / 4
As
t
=
2,513.27 mm
2
CHECK STEEL RATIO
As
t
Ag
g = 0.0279
Note:
g = 0.0279 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

CHECK STIRRUPS/ TIES
CODE
a. = 320 mm
b. = 576 mm
c. = 300 mm
Note:
use
12 mm ties @ 320 mm spacing on center
CHECK ADEQUACY
Pu = (0.80)[0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy
g
]
Pu =
Note:
SINCE Pu = >
THEREFORE ; SAFE
12,335.35 kN 921.37 kN
g =
12,335.35 kN
16 x d
Bar
48 x d
ties
Least column dimension
n =
Structural Engineer
PROJECT : PROPOSED 3 - STOREY RESIDENCE (TABERNA RESIDENCE)
LOCATION : PLYMOUTH ST., VISTA REAL CLASSICA SUBDV. MATANDANG BALARA, Q.C.
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
HEIGHT = 7.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
50 psf
2
5 psf
2
2
2
2
75 psf
2
30 psf
2
Note:
2
2
2
160 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.77 kN/m
2
16 psf
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
116 psf
TRIBUTARY AREA= 19.44 m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
P
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
P
u
= 1,056.31 kN (due to loads)
TOTAL P
u
= 1,109.06 kN (loads + weight of column)
2.0 STEEL RATIO
g
=
0.01 . 0.08
ASSUME:
try
g
=
0.015
= 0.70
2
P
U = 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy As
t
]
As
t
=
g
Ag
As
t
= 0.03 Ag
P
U = 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag -
g
Ag) + fy (0.03Ag)]
Ag = 69,109.20 mm
2
P
u
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (1 -
g
) + fy
g
]
= Ag
Structural Engineer
s
2
= Ag
s = 262.89 mm say 400 mm
TRIAL SECTION 400 x 400 (EQUIVALENT SECTION)
Ag =
s
2
Ag = 160,000.00 mm
2
As =
g
Ag
As = 2,400.00 mm
2
As
t
= D
2
/ 4
######
As
t
=
314.16
mm
2
No. of Bars
As
As
t
n = 7.6 say 8 bars
Use 8 - 20 mm
As
t
= D
2
n / 4
As
t
=
2,513.27 mm
2
CHECK STEEL RATIO
As
t
Ag
g = 0.0157
Note:
g = 0.0157 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

CODE
a. = 320 mm
b. = 576 mm
c. = 400 mm
Note:
use
CHECK ADEQUACY
Pu =
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy
g
]
Pu =
Note:
SINCE Pu = >
THEREFORE ; SAFE
g =
n =
1,056.31 kN
16 x d
Bar
48 x d
ties
20,724.78 kN
20,724.78 kN
Structural Engineer
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
HEIGHT = 6.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
20 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
125 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
P
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
P
u
= 404.95 kN (due to loads)
TOTAL P
u
= 430.39 kN (loads + weight of column)
2.0 STEEL RATIO
g
=
0.01 . 0.08
ASSUME:
try
g
=
0.02
= 0.70
Structural Engineer
Structural Engineer
2
P
U
= 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy As
t
]
As
t
=
g
Ag
As
t
= 0.03 Ag
P
U
= 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag -
g
Ag) + fy (0.03Ag)]
Ag = 25,320.72 mm
2
s
2
= Ag
s = 159.12 mm say 600 mm
Ag =
s
2
Ag = 180,000.00 mm
2
As =
g
Ag
As = 3,600.00 mm
2
As
t
= D
2
/ 4
######
As
t
=
314.16
mm
2
No. of Bars
As
As
t
n = 11.5 say 12 bars
Use 12 - 20 mm
As
t
= D
2
n / 4
As
t
=
3,769.91 mm
2
CHECK STEEL RATIO
As
t
Ag
g = 0.0209
Note:
g = 0.0209 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

CODE
a. = 320 mm
b. = 576 mm
c. = 600 mm
Ag =
P
u
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (1 -
g
) + fy
g
]
n =
g
=
16 x d
Bar
48 x d
ties
Structural Engineer
Note:
use
CHECK ADEQUACY
Pu =
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy
g
]
Pu =
Note:
SINCE Pu = >
THEREFORE ; SAFE
23,191.35 kN 404.95 kN
23,191.35 kN
Structural Engineer
PROJECT : MINDPRO MALL
LOCATION : LA PURISIMA ST. ZAMBOANGA CITY
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF COMBINE FOOTING FOUNDATION (CF1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
SOIL BEARING CAPACITY = 91.15 kN/m
2
1,900 psf
HEIGHT = 14.50 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
15 psf
2
2
2
62.5 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
107.50 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
CONSIDER MEMBER 30, 31 AND 99
@ MEMBER 30
P
U = 1,578.90 kips ~
M
U = 524.87 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 1,165.07 kips ~
P
LL = 113.01 kips ~
M
DL = 3.82 kips - ft ~
M
LL = 0.00 kips - ft ~
@ MEMBER 31
P
U = 1,288.74 kips ~
M
U = 490.12 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 932.78 kips ~
P
LL = 105.88 kips ~
M
DL = 26.60 kips - ft ~
M
LL = 2.80 kips - ft ~
@ MEMBER 99
P
U = 864.69 kips ~
M
U = 470.49 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 601.99 kips ~
P
LL = 33.82 kips ~
M
DL = 18.76 kips - ft ~
M
LL = 1.97 kips - ft ~
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ASSUME WEIGHT OF FOOTING (6% - 8%)
Wt.
footing = (10%) (P
DL
+ P
LL
)
Wt.
footing = 1,313.35 kN
25.44 kN-m
0.00 kN-m
5,732.57 kN
664.60 kN-m
4,149.19 kN
470.98 kN
36.07 kN-m
3.80 kN-m
3,846.31 kN
637.98 kN-m
2,677.77 kN
150.44 kN
2.67 kN-m
7,023.26 kN
711.72 kN-m
5,182.46 kN
502.69 kN
5.18 kN-m
2.0 REQUIRED AREA OF FOOTING
A
footing
= 158.50
m
2
BL = A
footing
BL = 158.50 m
2
x = 12.83 m
L = 26.47 m say 26.50 m
B = 5.99 m say 6.00 m
size of footing = 6.00 m x 26.50 m
3.0 ULTIMATE LOADING
Pu
30
= (@ MEMBER 30)
Pu
31
= (@ MEMBER 31)
Pu
99
= (@ MEMBER 99)
4.0 NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE
Pu
Actual area
q
ult
= 104.42 kN/m
2
5.0 UNIFORM UPWARD PRESSURE
Pu
length
= 626.50 kN/m
6.0 THICKNESS OF FOOTING
a.) ALLOWABLE VALUE OF PUNCHING SHEAR
1
6
Vc = 0.876 MPa
b.) ACTUAL VALUE OF PUNCHING SHEAR
Vu
b

d
Vu = q
u
[ L
2
- (d + C)
2
]
= 0.85
@ MEMBER 31
Vu
31 =
4940.18 d = 2545.20
USE d = 515.20 mm say 520 mm (thickness of footing)
use 20 mm BARS
TOTAL DEPTH = 600.00 mm
7,023.26 kN
5,732.57 kN
3,846.31 kN
=
Vc = f'c
Vc =
2,545.20 kN
q
ult
=
A
footing
=
wt. of footing + DL +LL
allowable soil pressure
Check weight ot footing
Wt.
footing = 2,246.67 kN > 1,313.35 kN
TOTAL LOAD = 15,380.20 kN
TOTAL LOAD
Actual Area
ACTUAL SOIL PRESSURE = 96.73 kN/m
2
> 91.15 kN/m
2
adjust size
TRY SECTION SIZES
L = 26.50 m
B = 6.50 m
TOTAL DEPTH (d) = 600.00 mm
Wt.
footing = 2,433.89 kN > 1,313.35 kN
TOTAL LOAD
Actual Area
ACTUAL SOIL PRESSURE = 90.38 kN/m
2
< 91.15 kN/m
2
safe
6.0 BENDING MOMENT
Mu = 6,904.34 kN-m (from shear and moment diagram)
LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
Mu = f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.67898
2 = 0.01594
1
f'c
2
f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.16790
2
=
0.00159
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
CODE
IF >
min use
= 0.00159 < 0.00506
SINCE

<
min
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 17,116.14
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 54.48 say 55 20 mm BARS @ 120 mm O.C.
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 330.37 mm
L
d = 0.06 d
b
fy
L
d = 331.76 mm say 340 mm (minimum development length)
L
d furnished = 4,454.00 mm > 330.37 mm ok
> 331.76 mm ok
8.0 BENDING MOMENT
@ CANTILEVER PORTION
L
d
=
1
=
ACTUAL SOIL PRESSURE
N =
=
ACTUAL SOIL PRESSURE =
=
min
=
Mu = 6,411.12 kN-m (moment @ cantilever portion)
1 = 1.68383
2 = 0.01108
1
f'c
2
f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.16838
2
=
0.00111
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
CODE
IF >
min use
= 0.00111 < 0.00506
SINCE

<
min
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 17,116.14
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 54.48 say 55 20 mm BARS @ 120 mm O.C.
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 330.37 mm
L
d = 0.06 d
b
fy
L
L
> 331.76 mm ok
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
Pu = 5,732.57 kN
Mu = 4,102.10 kN-m
1 = 16.91596
2 = 0.03320
1
f'c
2
f'c
fy fy
1
=
1.69160
2
=
0.00332
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
CODE
IF >
min use
= 0.00332 < 0.00506
SINCE

<
min
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 4,845.18
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
2
=
min
=
N =
=
min
=
N =
1
=
2
L
d
=
1
=
N = 15.42 say 16 20 mm BARS @ 120 mm O.C.
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 330.37 mm
L
d = 0.06 d
b
fy
L
L
> 331.76 mm ok
Pu = 3,846.31 kN
Mu = 2,752.33 kN-m
1 = 1.28675
2 = 0.40817
1
f'c
2
f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.12868
2
=
0.04082
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
CODE
IF
min
< <
max
= 0.04082 > 0.00506
SINCE

>
min
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 28,016.79
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 89.18 say 90 20 mm BARS @ 120 mm O.C.
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 330.37 mm
L
d = 0.06 d
b
fy
L
L
d furnished = -70.00 mm < 330.37 mm not ok
< 331.76 mm not ok
L
d
=
=
min
=
N =
1
=
2
L
d
=
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
2
1,900 psf
HEIGHT = 14.50 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
15 psf
2
2
2
62.5 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
107.50 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
CONSIDER MEMBER 30, 31 AND 99
@ MEMBER 28
P
U = 1,003.17 kips ~
M
U = 463.11 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 744.75 kips ~
P
LL = 68.42 kips ~
M
DL = 2.22 kips - ft ~
M
LL = 0.36 kips - ft ~
@ MEMBER 29
P
U = 1,530.18 kips ~
M
U = 532.53 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 1,091.89 kips ~
P
LL = 101.33 kips ~
M
DL = 54.20 kips - ft ~ (-)
M
LL = 5.76 kips - ft ~
@ MEMBER 99
P
U = 864.69 kips ~
M
U = 470.49 kips - ft ~
P
DL = 601.99 kips ~
P
LL = 33.82 kips ~
M
DL = 18.76 kips - ft ~
M
LL = 1.97 kips - ft ~
0.49 kN-m
4,462.30 kN
627.98 kN-m
3,312.80 kN
304.35 kN
3.01 kN-m
2.67 kN-m
6,806.55 kN
722.11 kN-m
4,856.95 kN
450.74 kN
73.50 kN-m
7.81 kN-m
3,846.31 kN
637.98 kN-m
2,677.77 kN
150.44 kN
25.44 kN-m
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
Wt.
footing = (10%) (P
DL
+ P
LL
)
Wt.
footing = 1,175.30 kN
A
footing
=
141.84
m
2
BL = A
footing
BL = 141.84 m
2
x = 10.05 m
L = 20.89 m say 20.90 m
B = 6.79 m say 6.80 m
3.0 ULTIMATE LOADING
Pu
30
= (@ MEMBER 30)
Pu
31
= (@ MEMBER 31)
Pu
99
= (@ MEMBER 99)
Pu
Actual area
q
ult
=
106.35 kN/m
2
5.0 UNIFORM UPWARD PRESSURE
Pu
length
= 723.21 kN/m
1
6
Vc = 0.876 MPa
Vu
b

d
Vu = q
u
[ L
2
- (d + C)
2
]
= 0.85
4,462.30 kN
A
footing
=
6,806.55 kN
3,846.31 kN
q
ult
=
=
Vc = f'c
Vc =
@ MEMBER 30
Vu
30
=
4940.25 d = 2834.29
d = 573.71 mm say 600 mm (thickness of footing)
@ MEMBER 31
Vu
31
=
4940.18 d = 2545.20
@ MEMBER 99
Vu
99
=
4945.23 d = 3344.52
USE d = 515.20 mm say 520 mm (thickness of footing)
use 20 mm BARS
TOTAL DEPTH = 600.00 mm
Wt.
footing = 2,008.16 kN > 1,175.30 kN
TOTAL LOAD
Actual Area
96.83 kN/m
2
> 91.15 kN/m
2
adjust size
TRY SECTION SIZES
L = 26.50 m
B = 6.50 m
TOTAL DEPTH (d) = 600.00 mm
Wt.
footing = 2,433.89 kN > 1,175.30 kN
TOTAL LOAD
Actual Area
82.36 kN/m
2
< 91.15 kN/m
2
safe
6.0 BENDING MOMENT
Mu = 6,904.34 kN-m (from shear and moment diagram)
LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
Mu = f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.67898
2 = 0.01594
1
f'c
2
f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.16790
2
=
0.00159
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
2,834.29 kN
2,545.20 kN
3,344.52 kN
2
=
min
=
1
=
CODE
IF >
min use =
min
= 0.00159 < 0.00506
SINCE

<
min
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00506
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 17,116.14
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 54.48 say 55 20 mm BARS @ 120 mm O.C.
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 330.37 mm
L
d =
0.06 d
b
fy
L
L
d furnished = #REF! ## 330.37 mm #REF!
## 331.76 mm #REF!
L
d
=
N =
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
HEIGHT = 6.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 1.20
kN/m
2
25
* CEILING : 0.24
kN/m
2
5
* PARTITION : 0.96
kN/m
2
20
* 4" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
75
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
125
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : -
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 4.80
kN/m
2
100
* BALCONY : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
100
TRIBUTARY AREA = 13.62
m
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
P
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
P
u
=
404.95 kN (due to loads)
TOTAL P
u
=
430.39 kN (loads + weight of column)
2.0 FACTORED BEAM SHEAR
V
u
V
n
3.0 DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH
V
u
V
C
+ V
s
4.0 SHEAR STRENGTH @ ANY HORIZONTAL SECTION
V
n <
10 f'
c
h d
5.0 HORIZONTAL SHEAR FORCES
d
=
0.8 l
w
2.0 STEEL RATIO
g
=
0.01 . 0.08
ASSUME:
try
g
=
0.02
=
0.70
2
P
U
= 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy As
t
]
As
t
=
g
Ag
As
t
= 0.03 Ag
P
U
= 0.80 [ 0.85 f'c (Ag -
g
Ag) + fy (0.03Ag)]
Ag = 25,320.72 mm
2
s
2
= Ag
s = 159.12 mm say 600 mm
TRIAL SECTION
600 x 300
Ag =
s
2
Ag =
180,000.00 mm
2
As =
g
Ag
As =
3,600.00 mm
2
try diameter of bar =
20 mm
As
t
= D
2
/ 4
######
As
t
=
314.16
mm
2
No. of Bars
As
As
t
n =
11.5 say 12 bars
Ag =
P
u
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (1 -
g
) + fy
g
]
n =
Use
12 - 20 mm
As
t
= D
2
n / 4
As
t
=
3,769.91 mm
2
CHECK STEEL RATIO
As
t
Ag
g = 0.0209
Note:
g = 0.0209 > 0.01 < 0.08

CODE
a. = 320 mm
b. = 576 mm
c. = 600 mm
Note:
use
CHECK ADEQUACY
Pu
=
(0.80)[0.85 f'c (Ag - As
t
) + fy
g
]
Pu =
Note:
SINCE Pu
=
>
THEREFORE ; SAFE
23,191.35 kN 404.95 kN
g
=
16 x d
Bar
48 x d
ties
23,191.35 kN
psf
psf
psf
psf
psf
psf
psf
ok
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 276.46 MPa 40,000 psi
2
1,900 psf
HEIGHT = 3.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
15 psf
2
2
2
63 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
107.50 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
* REACTIONS (Beams) CARRY OVER BY THE COLUMN
R
B-1A(a) = 73.94 kN
R
B-1(b) = 147.18 kN
R
B-3 = 257.07 kN
TOTAL REACTION = 478.19 kN (transferred from beam to column)
* WEIGHT OF COLUMN
DIMENSION OF COLUMN
400 x 400
Wt.
column = 11.30 kN
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
Wt.
footing = (6% - 8%) (P
DL
+ P
LL
)
Wt.
footing = 34.02 kN
TOTAL LOAD = 512.21 kN
A
footing
=
A
footing
= 10.28 m
2
L
2
= A
footing
L = 3.21 m say 3.30 m
3.0 ULTIMATE COLUMN LOAD
Pu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Pu = 1,068.22 kN
q
u
= 98.09
kN/m
2
5.0 ALLOWABLE ULTIMATE SOIL PRESSURE
q
a
= 228.99
kN/m
2
2 f'c
c 6
c = 1.00
1
3
CODE : WHICHEVER IS LESSER
Vc = 2.75 kN > 1.75 kN ok
Vu
b
0
d
Vu = q
u
[ L
2
- (d + C)
2
]
= 0.85
b
0
d = (d + c)(4)(d)
b
0
d =
(4d
2
+ 3.2d)
6.0 BENDING MOMENT
Mu = q
u
(L)(x)(x/2)
x = 1.45
c =
long side of column
short side of column
A
footing
=
Vc = 1 +
DL +LL
Vc = f'c
Vc =
q
u
=
Pu
Actual area
q
a
=
Allowable soil pressure x Pu
Mu =
Mu = f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 = 1.63897
2 = 0.05594
f'c f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.16390
2
=
0.00559
1.4
fy
min = 0.00506
CODE
IF <
min use
=
min
= 0.00559 > 0.00506
SINCE

>
min
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 5,538.06
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 17.63 say 18 20 mm BARS on both sides
SPACING
A
b
(1000)
A
s
S = 226.91 mm say
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d =
330.37 mm
L
d =
0.06 d
b
fy
L
d =
331.76 mm (minimum development length)
L
d furnished =
1,380.00 mm > 330.37 mm ok
> 331.76 mm ok
9.0 BEARING FORCE IN CONCRETE @ BASE OF COLUMN
A
2
A
1
= 0.70
F
b
= 5,263.88 kN > 590.03 kN safe
10.0 BEARING STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT THE BASE OF FOOTING
F
b
= 0.85 f'c A
1
A
1
=
160,000.00 mm
2
F
b
=
Excess load =
2,041.90 kN (to be transferred by dowels)
min
=
N =
S =
230.00 mm O.C
L
d =
F
b
= 0.85 f'c A
1
A
2
A
1
= 8.25 > 2 = 2
2 =
340.294 kN-m
1 =
2,631.94 kN
T =
As fy
As = 10,551.12 mm
2
ACI CODE
As
min
=
0.005 Ag
As
min
= 800.00 mm
2
REQUIRED As PER BAR
As
min
no. of dowels
As
per bar
= 200.00 mm
2
Note:
use 16 mm BARS
A
b
= 804.25 mm
2
SINCE
A
b >
As
per bar ok
11.0 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF DOWELS
0.25 d
b
fy
f'c
Req. L
d
=
210.32 mm say
L
d
= 0.04 d
b
fy
L
d
= 176.94 mm (minimum development length)
L
d furnished
= 282.00 mm > 211.00 mm ok
10.0 ACTUAL WEIGHT OF FOOTING
TOTAL DEPTH = 400 mm
Wt.
footing = 102.58 kN
(actual weight of footing)
TOTAL WEIGHT = 527.79 kN
A
footing
= 5.79 m
2
(from actual weight)
A
footing
= 10.28 m
2
(from initial assumption)
SINCE
A
footing = 5.79
< 10.28 safe
Req. L
d =
211.00 mm
As
per bar
=
LOCATION :
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF PILE FOUNDATION (PF1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
HEIGHT = 3.00 m (column)
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
40 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
145 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
* REACTION FROM BEAMS:
R
B-1A(a) = 73.94 kN
R
B-1(b) = 147.18 kN
R
B-3 = 257.07 kN
TOTAL REACTION = 478.19 kN (transferred from beam to column)
* WEIGHT OF COLUMN
DIMENSION OF COLUMN
400 x 400
Wt.
column = 11.30 kN
* DESIGN ANALYSIS (PILES)
Wt.
footing = (6% - 8%) (P
DL
+ P
LL
)
Wt.
footing = 40.00 kN
2.0 No. OF PILES REQUIRED
n =
unfactored load + weight of footing
working load of pile
n = 0.43 say 1 piles (minimum no. of piles)
use 1 piles
size of pile = 400 x 400
ultimate pile load =
3.0 REACTION/ PILE (Ultimate)
P
u
no. of piles
R
u
= 679.80 kN/pile < ok
4.0 SIZE OF FOOTING (PILE CAP)
size of pile (B) = 400 x 400
1.5B = 0.600 m (center of pile to edge of pile cap)
size of pile cap (L) = 1.20 m
use pile cap dimension = 1.20 x 1.20
2 f'c
c 6
c = 1.00
1
3
Vc = 2.75 kN > 1.75 kN ok
Vu
b
0
d
Vu = n Ru
Vu = 679.80 kN
= 0.85
b
0
d = (d + c)(4)(d)
b
0
d =
(4d
2
+ 3.2d)
(eq. 1)
d = 214.64 mm say 400 mm (thickness of pile cap)
6.0 BENDING MOMENT
Vc =
c =
long side of column
Vc = f'c
Vc = 1 +
1,200 kN/pile
R
u
= < ultimate load of pile
1,200 kN/pile
Mu = 1 Ru (0.2)
Mu =
Mu = Ru b d
2
Ru = 1.57360
0.85 f'c 2 Ru
fy 0.85 f'c
= 0.00394
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00338
CODE
IF <
min use =
min
= 0.00394 > 0.00338
SINCE

>
min
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,890.02
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 6.02 say 7 20 mm BARS on both sides
SPACING
A
b
(1000)
A
s
S = 664.88 mm say
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 494.72 mm
L
d =
0.06 d
b
fy
L
d = 496.80 mm (minimum development length)
L
d furnished = 330.00 mm < 494.72 mm not ok
< 496.80 mm not ok
SINCE L
d furnished
< L
d min
THEREFORE USE L
d min = 496.80 mm say
9.0 BEARING STRENGTH OF FOOTING
A
2
A
1
= 0.70
Pc = 5,263.88 kN > 679.80 kN safe
Wt.
footing = 16.79 kN (actual weight of footing)
Wt.
footing = 40.00 kN (weight of footing due to loading)
Wt.
footing = 16.79 kN < 40.00 kN safe
700.00 mm O.C
L
d
=
Pc = 0.85 f'c A
1
A
2
A
1
= 3.00 > 2 = 2
490.00 mm
- 1
min =
N =
S =
271.918 kN-m
= 1
LOCATION :
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION (F1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
2
1,000 psf
HEIGHT = 3.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
40 psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
145 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
* REACTIONS (Beams) CARRY OVER BY THE COLUMN
Note:
see table
* WEIGHT OF COLUMN
DIMENSION OF COLUMN
diameter of column = 400 mm
Wt.
column = 8.88 kN
Wt.
column total = 177.56 kN
* MAT SLAB DIMENSION
L = 25.20 m
B = 19.80 m
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
Wt.
footing = (6% - 8%) (P
DL
+ P
LL
)
Wt.
footing = 39.10 kN
DESIGNATION DL + LL DESIGN LOAD MCL UNIT
1 488.70 639.62 554.32 kN
2 488.70 837.23 725.58 kN
3 488.70 837.23 725.58 kN
4 488.70 700.06 606.70 kN
5 488.70 707.71 613.33 kN
6 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
7 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
8 488.70 828.59 718.09 kN
9 488.70 707.71 613.33 kN
10 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
11 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
12 488.70 828.59 718.09 kN
289.232
289.232
199.47
199.47
199.47 339.646
DEAD LOAD LIVE LOAD
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
199.47
199.47
468.180
468.180
331.011
202.477
210.131
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
289.232
331.011
210.131
468.180
468.180
REACTIONS
142.037
339.646
13 488.70 707.71 613.33 kN
14 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
15 488.70 965.76 836.97 kN
16 488.70 828.59 718.09 kN
17 488.70 639.62 554.32 kN
18 488.70 837.23 725.58 kN
19 488.70 837.23 725.58 kN
20 488.70 700.06 606.70 kN
9,774.05 16,431.73
STRIP 1 : ABFG MCL = MODIFIED COLUMN LOAD
STRIP 2 : BCGH
STRIP 1 : CDHI
STRIP 1 : DEIJ
2.0 PRESSURE ON THE SOIL
MAT PROPERTIES
q = (Q/A) (M
y
x/I
y
) (M
x
y/I
x
)
Q = 16,431.73 kN
A = 498.96 m
2
I
X = 26,404.96 m
4
I
Y = 16,301.02 m
4
M
X = Q e
Y
e
x = x' - B/2
M
Y = Q e
X
e
y = y' - L/2
x' = 10.19 m
x
m
= 9.90 m
e
x = x' - B/2
e
x = 0.29 m
y' = 12.03 m
y
m
= 12.60 m
e
y = y' - L/2
e
y = -0.57 m
3.0 MOMENT DUE TO ECCENTRICITIES
M
X = Q e
Y
M
X =
M
Y = Q e
X
M
Y =
4.0 SOIL PRESSURES UNDER EACH STRIP
q = Q/A M
y
x/I
y
M
x
y/I
x
q = 32.932 0.288 (0.355)
DESIGNATION q UNIT
A 25.460 kPA SAFE
B 26.352 kPA SAFE
C 28.251 kPA SAFE
D 30.150 kPA SAFE
E 31.042 kPA SAFE
F 34.325 kPA SAFE
G 35.217 kPA SAFE
H 37.116 kPA SAFE
I 39.015 kPA SAFE
J 39.907 kPA SAFE
5.0 SOIL PRESSURES UNDER EACH COLUMN
DESIGNATION q UNIT
1 25.736 kPA SAFE
2 27.634 kPA SAFE
3 29.533 kPA SAFE
4 31.432 kPA SAFE
5 27.969 kPA SAFE
-10.19 12.03
-3.59 12.03
12.97
-6.89 12.97
-0.29 12.97
6.31 12.97
9.41 12.97
-12.03
-6.89 -12.03
-0.29 -12.03
6.31 -12.03
9.41 -12.03
y
x y
3.01 12.03
9.61 12.03
-10.19 5.73
-9.99
x' =
Q
1
x'
1
+ Q
2
x'
2
+ .. + Q
n
x
n
Q
y' =
Q
1
y'
1
+ Q
2
y'
2
+ .. + Q
n
y
n
Q
4,690.144 kN-m
-9,363.127 kN-m
x
-9.99
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
289.232
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
199.47
289.232
289.232
289.232
199.47
6,480.12 5,784.64 3,989.41
339.646
339.646
202.477
210.131
468.180
468.180
331.011
142.037
6 29.868 kPA SAFE
7 31.767 kPA SAFE
8 33.666 kPA SAFE
9 30.001 kPA SAFE
10 31.900 kPA SAFE
11 33.799 kPA SAFE
12 35.698 kPA SAFE
13 32.033 kPA SAFE
14 33.932 kPA SAFE
15 35.831 kPA SAFE
16 37.730 kPA SAFE
17 34.267 kPA SAFE
18 36.166 kPA SAFE
19 38.065 kPA SAFE
20 39.964 kPA SAFE
6.0 SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM
CONSIDER STRIP ABFG
* AVERAGE SOIL PRESSURE
q
1
+ q
n
2
q
ave = 30.001 kN/m
2
* TOTAL SOIL REACTION
soil reaction = q
ave
B
1
B
soil reaction = 2,494.916 kN
* TOTAL COLUMN LOAD ON THE STRIP
column load =
column load = 3,402.370 kN
Average load = 2,948.643 kN
* MODIFIED AVERAGE SOIL REACTION
q
ave (modified)
= 35.457 kN/m
2
* COLUMN LOAD MODIFICATION FACTOR
F = 0.86664
* SOIL REACTION
SR = q
ave (modified)
B
1
SR = 117.010 kN/m
DIAGRAM
SEE V-M DIAGRAM OF STRIP ABFG
Vu
max = 534.688 kN ()
Mu
max
7.0 EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF MAT
U = b
o
d [ 0.34 f'c ]]
consider column 1
b
o = L' + L"
b
o = d + 0.8
808,268.20 = ( d + 0.8) d [ 1.564352202 ]
1,005,877.20 = 1.564352202 d
9.61
3.01
9.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.73
-5.73
-5.73
-5.73
-12.03
-12.03
5.73
-10.19 0.00
-3.59
-3.59
-12.03
-12.03
-10.19
-3.59
3.01
-3.59 5.73
3.01 5.73
Q
1
+ Q
5
+ Q
9
+ Q
13
+ Q
17
3.01
9.61
-10.19
9.61
q
ave =
F =
Q
1
+ Q
5
+ Q
9
+ Q
13
+ Q
17
average load
1,956.600 kN-m
Average load =
q
ave
B
1
B + (Q
1
+ Q
5
+ Q
9
+ Q
13
+ Q
17)
2
q
ave (modified) =
q
ave
(average load)
q
ave
B
1
B
A
footing = #REF! m
2
L
2
= A
footing
L = #REF! say #REF!
size of footing = #REF! x #REF!
3.0 ULTIMATE COLUMN LOAD
Pu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Pu = #REF!
q
u
= #REF! kN/m
2
5.0 ALLOWABLE ULTIMATE SOIL PRESSURE
q
a = #REF! kN/m
2
2 f'c
c 6
c = #REF!
1
3
Vc = #REF! ## 1.75 kN #REF!
q
a
Pu
A
footing =
q
u =
Actual area
= 1 +
c =
long side of column
Vc = f'c
Vc
=
DL +LL
Allowable soil pressure x Pu
Vu
b
0
d
Vu = q
u
[ L
2
- (d + C)
2
]
= 0.85
b
0
d = (d + c)(4)(d)
b
0
d =
(4d
2
+ 3.2d)
6.0 BENDING MOMENT
Mu = q
u
(L)(x)(x/2)
x = #REF!
Mu =
Mu = f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
1 =
1.66703
2 =
0.02789
f'c f'c
fy fy
1
=
0.11132
2
=
0.00186
1.4
fy
min = 0.00338
CODE
IF <
min use =
min
=
0.00186 < 0.00338
SINCE

<
min
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00338
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = #REF!
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = #REF! say #REF! 20 mm BARS on both sides
SPACING
A
b
(1000)
A
s
S = #REF! say
0.02 A
b
fy
f'c
L
d = 494.72 mm
L
d =
0.06 d
b
fy
L
d = 496.80 mm (minimum development length)
L
d furnished = #REF! ## 494.72 mm #REF!
## 496.80 mm #REF!
9.0 BEARING STRENGTH OF FOOTING
A
2
A
1
= 0.70
Pc = 5,263.88 kN > 676.88 kN safe
Wt.
footing
= #REF! (actual weight of footing)
TOTAL WEIGHT = #REF!
A
footing
= #REF! m
2
(from actual weight)
min
=
N =
1 =
Vc =
#REF!
S =
#REF!
L
d =
Pc = 0.85 f'c A
1
A
1
A
2
2 =
= #REF! ## 2 #REF!
LOCATION :
SUBJECT : BEAM SCHEDULE
b h TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT
B - 1A 300 500 20 5 3 3 6 - - 6 3 12
B - 1 300 500 20 - - 3 5 6 3 6 3 12
B - 2 300 500 20 5 3 3 6 6 3 6 3 12
B - 3 300 500 20 5 3 3 6 6 3 6 3 12
CONT. LEFT CONT. RIGHT
BEAM SCHEDULE
BEAM
BEAM DIMENSIONS
(in / mm)
REBARS
(mm )
LONGITUDINAL (MAIN) REINFORCEMENTS WEB
BARS
(eff.)
STIRRUPS
TYPE
REMARKS DISC. END MIDSPAN
LOCATION :
SUBJECT : SLAB SCHEDULE
t TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT TOP BOT
S - 1 150 12 200 250 250 200 200 250 12 200 250 250 200 200 250
S - 2 150 12 200 250 250 200 200 250 12 200 250 250 200 150 120
DISC. SUPPORT MIDSPAN
REBAR SPACING ALONG LONG DIRECTION
SLAB SCHEDULE
SLAB
MARK
DISC. SUPPORT MIDSPAN
THICK
NESS CONT. SUPPORT CONT. SUPPORT REMARKS REBARS
(mm)
REBAR SPACING ALONG SHORT DIRECTION
REBARS
(mm)
LOCATION : MACAPAGAL BLVD. PASAY CITY
DESIGN OF SLAB (S - 1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
SPAN
L = 15.00 m
S = 12.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
kN/m
3
B. DEAD LOAD
* TOPPING : 1.20
kN/m
2
25 psf
* CEILING : 0.24
kN/m
2
5 psf
* PARTITION : 1.92
kN/m
2
40 psf
* 4" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
* 6" CHB WALL : -
kN/m
2
* CONCRETE SLAB (6") : -
kN/m
2
psf
* ROOF TRUSS : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
Note:
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
TOTAL DEAD LOAD: 3.36
kN/m
2
70 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : -
kN/m
2
* FLOORS : 4.80
kN/m
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : -
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
CODE:
L = 15.00
S = 12.00
S
L
m = 0.80
SINCE
perimeter
180
H =
3.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
W
u dead load
=
(DEAD LOAD)
W
u live load
=
(LIVE LOAD)
4.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT (alternate method)
m = 0.80 (CASE 9)
indicates continuous edge,
indicates discontinuous edge,
300.00 mm
11.705 kN/m
4.030 kN/m
7.676 kN/m
m
m
m =
H = ( 1000 )
A.) @ SHORT DIRECTION s = 12.00 m B.) @ LONG DIRECTION
c
s
= 0.075 c
L
=
Mu
s = c
s
Wu s
2
Mu
L =
Mu
s =
Mu
L =
DEAD LOAD DEAD LOAD
c
s DL
= 0.029 c
L DL
=
Mu
s DL = Mu
L DL =
Mu
s DL =
Mu
L DL =
LIVE LOAD LIVE LOAD
c
s LL
= 0.042 c
L LL
=
Mu
s LL = Mu
L LL =
Mu
s LL =
Mu
L LL =
TOTAL (+) MOMENT =
Mu
ds =
1/3 (+ Mu)
Mu
ds =
Mu
ds =
Mu
ds =
A.) @ SHORT DIRECTION
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d = H - cover
cover = 20.00 mm
d =
Mu
s =
1 =
1.62743
2 =
0.06748
280.00 mm
126.418 kN-m
46.422 kN-m
63.250 kN-m TOTAL (+) MOMENT
21.083 kN-m
c
s DL
Wu
DL
s
2
16.828 kN-m
c
s LL
Wu
LL
s
2
126.418 kN-m

1
fc'
fy
1
= 0.10868
2
=
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00338
max =
0.75
b
1 =
0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.02855
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.02141
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00451 >
min
= 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As
=

b d
As
=
1,261.75
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say <
<
>
450 mm
100 mm
358.54 mm 360 mm O.C.
fy (600 + fy)
(fc') (600)
S =
358.54 mm 360 mm O.C.
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
1
=
2
=
Therefore S =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
(+) Mu
s =
1 =
1.66185
2 =
0.03306

1
fc'
fy
1
= 0.11098
2
=
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00338
max =
0.75
b
1 =
0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.02855
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.02141
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00221 <
min
= 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00338
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min
b d'
As
min =
946.86
mm
2
SPACING
b
= 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
=
2
=
min
=
360 mm O.C.
63.250 kN-m
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say <
>
>
Therefore S =
S = 3 (S @ midspan)
S =
ACI CODE:
S >
S = > 500 mm ok
Therefore use S =
B.) @ LONG DIRECTION
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
ASSUMPTIONS:
b = 1.0 m strip
d = H - cover - d'
cover = 20.00 mm
d' = 12.00 mm
d =
Mu
L =
1 =
1.66948
2 =
0.02543

1
fc'
fy
1
= 0.11149
2
=
1.4
fy
=
min
=
1,350 mm O.C.
268.00 mm
44.773 kN-m
1
=
2
477.78 mm 480 mm O.C.
450 mm O.C.
1,350 mm O.C.
500 mm
1,350 mm O.C.
S =
477.78 mm 480 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
min
= 0.00338
max =
0.75
b
1 =
0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.02855
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.02141
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00170 <
min
= 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00338
STEEL AREA
As
=

b d
As
=
906.28
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S = say <
>
>
Therefore S =
M
U
= f'
c
b d
2
(1 - 0.59 )
450 mm
100 mm
499.17 mm 500 mm O.C.
450 mm O.C.
fy (600 + fy)
S =
499.17 mm 500 mm O.C.
b
= 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
(+) Mu
L =
1 =
1.67709
2 =
0.01782

1
fc'
fy
1
= 0.11199
2
=
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00338
max =
0.75
b
1 =
0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.02855
max =
0.75
b
max = 0.02141
ACI CODE:
IF
min
< <
max
USE
IF >
max
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.00119 <
min
= 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
>

<
max
THEREFORE USE
min = 0.00338
STEEL AREA
As
min =
min
b d
As
min =
906.28
mm
2
SPACING
A
b
A
s
S = say
ACI CODE:
S < 3H
<
S =
499.17 mm 500 mm O.C.
450 mm
100 mm
b
= 0.85
1
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
=
2
=
min
=
31.518 kN-m
S = say <
>
>
Therefore S =
S = 3 (S @ midspan)
S =
ACI CODE:
S >
S = > 500 mm ok
Therefore use S =
6.0 SLAB DETAIL
1,350 mm O.C.
499.17 mm 500 mm O.C.
450 mm O.C.
1,350 mm O.C.
500 mm
1,350 mm O.C.
indicates continuous edge,
fixed at support
indicates discontinuous edge,
torsion is negligible
B.) @ LONG DIRECTION L = 15.00 m
0.017
c
L
Wu s
2
0.010
c
L LL
Wu
LL
L
2
0.013
c
L LL
Wu
LL
L
2
=
1/3 (+ Mu)
22.451 kN-m
TOTAL (+) MOMENT 31.518 kN-m
10.506 kN-m
44.773 kN-m
9.067 kN-m

2
fc'
fy
0.00451
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
mainbars
900 mm ; ok
450 mm ; ok
100 mm ; ok
fy (600 + fy)
(fc') (600)

2
fc'
fy
0.00221
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
mainbars
900 mm ; ok
450 mm ; not ok
100 mm ; ok

2
fc'
fy
0.00170
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
mainbars
900 mm ; ok
450 mm ; not ok
100 mm ; ok
fy (600 + fy)
(fc') (600)

2
fc'
fy
0.00119
if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
mainbars
(fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
900 mm ; ok
450 mm ; not ok
100 mm ; ok
DESIGN OF SLAB (S - 1)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 55.29 MPa 8,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
SPAN
L = 15.00 m
S = 12.00 m
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
2
5 psf
2
40 psf
2
2
2
psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
70 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
CODE:
L = 15.00 m
S = 12.00 m
S
L
m = 0.80
SINCE
E
cb
I
b
E
cs
I
s
m =
=
ASSUME SIZE OF BEAM 300 x 800
ASSUME SIZE OF SLAB 100
* computing for
1
along short direction * computing for
2
along long direction
bh
3
bh
3
12 12
I
b = 12.80
mm
4
I
b = 12.80
bh
3
bh
3
12 12
I
s = 1.00
mm
4
I
s = 1.25
E
cb
I
b
E
cb
I
b
E
cs
I
s
E
cs
I
s
1
=
12.800
2
=
10.240
1
+
2
2
fm
=
11.520
CODE:
*CASE 1: For
fm 0.2 provisions of Section 409.6.3.2 shall apply (NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th ed.)
*CASE 2: For
fm > 0.2
< 2.0 thickness shall not be less than
>
125 mm
*CASE 3: For
fm > 2.0 thickness shall not be less than
>
90 mm
SINCE
fm = 11.520 > 2.0 therefore use CASE 3

l
n along long direction = 14.50 m (clear span of support)
l
n along short direction
= 3.47 m (clear span of beams)
= 4.18
h =
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
= 0.90 bending
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
b = #REF! mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
h = #REF!
=
l
n
( 0.8 +
h =
36 + 9
eq. 409 - 12 (NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th ed.)
eq. 409 - 13 (NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th ed.)
fy
)
1400
fy
)
1400
36 + 9
( 0.8 +
1400
fy
)
I
b
=
I
s
=
2
=
1
=
I
b
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
M
U
=
#REF!
TRIAL SECTION
=
I
s
=
h =
l
n
( 0.8 +
fm =
h =
36 + 5 ( fm - 0.2)
l
n
215.72 mm
l
n along long direction
l
n along short direction
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
Wu
Beam
=
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
Wu
beam
L
2
12
Mu
beam
=
M
U
= Mu
loading
+ Mu
wt. of beam
M
U
=
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
Note:
SINCE d = #REF! < #REF! #REF!
Mu = (ACTUAL MOMENT CAPACITY DUE TO LOADS)
Mu
max
=
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF Mu Mu
max
IF Mu > Mu
max
SINCE
Mu = #REF!
THEREFORE ; #REF!
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.02404
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00338
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.05710
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.04282
min
=
0.00338
max
=
0.04282
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
2,049.58 kN-m #REF!
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
0.000 kN-m
#REF!
#REF! #REF!
2,049.58 kN-m
#REF!
9.043 kN/m
Mu
beam =
As = #REF! mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note:
A
b
N = #REF! say 7 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
= 27.77 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
= #REF! kN
V
c
= #REF! kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 27.77 kN
V
c
= #REF! kN
1/2 V
c
= #REF! kN
b
w
s
3 fy
S = d /2 or 600 mm (WHICHEVER IS SMALLER)
S =
200.00 mm
b
w
s
3 fy
A
V
=
########
mm
2
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 397.44 mm
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
A
V
=
A
V
=
l
db
=
l
db
db
L
d
= 556.42 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= #REF!
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 349.42 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
= #REF! mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 264.96
m
m
l
db
L
d
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
= 28.94 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
3. A
s
required l
hb
= # mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= #REF! mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= #REF! mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 463.68 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 3.50 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.85 kN/m
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.85 kN/m
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 26.38 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 260.13 say 350 mm
b = 175 mm
TRY 175 x 410
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 1.69 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 1.72 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 265.70 say 270 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m < M
U max
= 71.89 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
0.85
1
M
U
=
=
=
min
=
b
=
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,003.24 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note:
A
b
N = 4.99 say 5 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
= 48.19 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
= 46.45 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 48.19 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
SINCE V
U
> V
C
S
V
N
= V
U
/
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
U
/ - V
C
CODE
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
V
N
= V
U
/
V
N
= 56.69
kN
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
S
= 10.25
kN
2/3 f'c b
w
d = 185.78
kN
SINCE V
S
< 2/3 f'c b
w
SPACING
A
V
fy d
Vs
S = 1,220.63 mm
CHECK CODE:
MAXIMUM SPACING
(a) WHEN V
s
1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
S =
(b) WHEN V
s
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 92.89 kN
S
max
= 175 mmor
S
max
= 600 mm
THEREFORE S
max
= 175 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
= 281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
= 305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= #REF!
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
l
db
= BUT NOT LESS THAN 0.06
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
m

=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
= 351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= # mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 245.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= #REF! mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= #REF! mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.32 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
16.83 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
= 4.14 kN
P
uB-1
= 5.80 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 41.32 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 302.10 say 400 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 250 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 314.41 say 320 mm
M
U
M
U max
M
U
=
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
= 98.50 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
= 60.66 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 98.50 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
= 115.89 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
= 55.22 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d = 242.65 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN
SINCE V
S
= 55.22 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 129.41 mm SAY 125.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
d
b
fy
l
db
=
S=
S=
l
db
=
L
d
= l
db
L
d
= 281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
= 305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= #REF!
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
= 351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= # mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= #REF! mm
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= #REF! mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 2.73 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.18 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
= 4.31 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 64.63 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 356.97 say 360 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 200 x 460
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
= 5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 341.48 say 350 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
=
=
min
=
b
=
M
U
=
0.85
1
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
= 71.23 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
= 60.66 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 71.23 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
= 83.80 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
= 23.14 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d = 242.65 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN
SINCE V
S
= 23.14 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 339.75 mm SAY 335.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
= 281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
= 305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= #REF!
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
S=
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
= 351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= # mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= #REF! mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= #REF! mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF ROOF GIRDER (RG - 1A)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 55.29 MPa 8,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
LENGTH = 15.00
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
* CEILING : - kN/m
2
- psf
2
- psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
100 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
Dead Load =
Live Load =
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
503.713 kN-m
R
A
= R
B
=
201.485 kN
TRIAL SECTION
m
9.595 kN/m
9.595 kN/m
26.865 kN/m
M
U
= (Restrained beams)
ASSUME:
b = d / 2
= 0.90 bending
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
b = 400 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
h = 800 mm
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
Wu
Beam
=
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
* TOTAL REACTIONS
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
Wu
beam
L
2
12
Mu
beam
=
M
U
= Mu
loading
+ Mu
wt. of beam
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
Note:
Mu
LOADS
=
Mu
CAP.
=
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF Mu Mu
max
IF Mu > Mu
max
SINCE
Mu = <
fy
=
551.99 mm 560 mm
673.27 kN-m
2,049.58 kN-m
673.27 kN-m 2,049.58 kN-m
269.309 kN
Mu
beam =
(Restrained beams)
169.560 kN-m
673.27 kN-m
R
A
= R
B
=
67.824 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
501.11 mm 740 mm
9.043 kN/m
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.02404
1.4
fy
min = 0.00338
max =
0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min
= 0.00338
max
= 0.04282
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.02404 >
min = 0.00338
<
max = 0.04282
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
N = 12.49 say 13 28 mm BARS
SPACING OF MAINBARS
b
= 0.85
1
0.05710
0.04282
7,692.92
N =
=
=
min
=
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u = 17.95 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.75
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
IF V
u
< V
c BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
V
C = 396.58 kN
V
c = 297.44 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u = 17.95 kN
V
c = 297.44 kN
1/2 V
c = 148.72 kN
V
u = 17.95 kN < V
c = 297.44 kN
< 1/2 V
c = 148.72 kN
Therefore STIRRUPS ARE NOT NEEDED
b
w
s
3 fy
S
3 Av fy
b
w
A
V
= mm
2
3 Av fy
b
w
S
1
= say
S
= d /2 or 600 mm
S
2
=
=
360.00 mm
370.00 mm
600.00 mm
360.00 mm
S =
113.10
S =
351.17 mm
V
u
=
A
V
= (MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS)
A
V
=
fy
t
e
1.7 f'c
t
= 1.0
e
= 1.0
s
= 1.0
= 1.0
c
b
L
d = say 920.00 mm
40 A
tr
sn
A
tr
= mm
2
n = 13 bars
SPACING OF MAINBARS
40 A
tr
sn
k
tr
= 0.0
L
d =
CHECK CODE:
(c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
= 1.07 < 2.50
Mu =
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
1,322.72 mm
673.27 kN-m
k
tr =
8,004.78
k
tr =
L
d =
fy
t
s
917.01 mm
L
d =
fy
t
s
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
L
d = (d
b
Mu
Mn =
Mn = Mn
1
+ Mn
2
Mn
1 =
Mn
2 =
STEEL AREA
COMPRESSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
2 = As
2
fy (d - d')
As
1 =

b d
As
1 =
mm
2
As
1
fy
0.85 f'c b
a =
a
1
c =
(d - c)
c
'
s
= 0.00904
fy
Es
'
s
Mn
2
fy (d - d')
As'
req'd
= mm
2
As'
req'd
A
b
N = (6.90) say -7 28 mm BARS
TENSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
1
fy (d - a/2)
As
1
= mm
2
As = As
1
+ As
2
As'
req'd
= As
2
= mm
2
As = mm
2
No. of TENSION BARS
A
b
As
1
=
6,921.17
(4,248.26)
2,672.91
N =
As'
req'd
= = As
2
(4,248.26)
N =
199.31 mm
'
s
= 0.003
c
= = 0.00207
169.41 mm
c =
1
= 0.85
748.08 kN-m
2,049.58 kN-m
-1,301.50 kN-m
7,692.92
a = =
1
c
Mn =
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 397.44 mm
l
db
db
L
d
=
556.42 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.02614
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 349.42 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
9.13 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 264.96
m
m
l
db
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
L
d
=
4.97 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
28.94 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
3. A
s
required l
hb
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 9.13 mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 9.13 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 463.68 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
l
hb
=
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 3.50 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.85 kN/m
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.85 kN/m
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
26.38 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 260.13 say 350 mm
b = 175 mm
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
TRY 175 x 410
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 1.69 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
1.72 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
28.11 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 265.70 say 270 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m < M
U max
= 71.89 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
0.85
1
M
U
=
=
=
min
=
b
=
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,003.24 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note:
A
b
N = 4.99 say 5 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
48.19 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
46.45 kN
V
c
=
39.48 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 48.19 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
SINCE V
U
> V
C
S
V
N
= V
U
/
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
V
U
/ - V
C
CODE
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
V
N
= V
U
/
V
N
= 56.69
kN
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
S
= 10.25
kN
2/3 f'c b
w
d = 185.78
kN
SINCE V
S
< 2/3 f'c b
w
SPACING
A
V
fy d
Vs
S = 1,220.63 mm
CHECK CODE:
MAXIMUM SPACING
(a) WHEN V
s
1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
s
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 92.89 kN
S
max
= 175 mmor
S
max
= 600 mm
THEREFORE S
max
= 175 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
=
l
db
d
b
fy
S =
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.02614
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
5.02 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
4.97 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 245.00 mm
SPLICES
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
m

=
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 5.02 mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 5.02 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.32 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
16.83 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.14 kN
P
uB-1
=
5.80 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
41.32 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 302.10 say 400 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 250 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
46.58 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 314.41 say 320 mm
M
U
=
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
N =
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
98.50 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 98.50 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
115.89 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
55.22 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
V
u
=
A
V
=
S=
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN
SINCE V
S
= 55.22 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 129.41 mm SAY 125.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.02614
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
m

=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
l
db
=
L
d
=
5.02 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
4.97 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 5.02 mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 5.02 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 2.73 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.18 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.31 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
64.63 kN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 356.97 say 360 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 200 x 460
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
69.90 KN-m
M
U
= fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 341.48 say 350 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
=
=
M
U
=
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
71.23 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
0.85
1
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
min
=
b
=
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 71.23 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
83.80 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
23.14 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN
SINCE V
S
= 23.14 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 339.75 mm SAY 335.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
S=
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.02614
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
5.02 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
5.02 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
l
db
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 5.02 mm
strength
(a) A
s
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 5.02 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
DESIGN and ANALYSIS OF ROOF BEAM (RB - 1A)
* DESIGN CRITERIA
f'c = 27.65 MPa 4,000 psi
fy = 414.00 MPa
LENGTH = 15.00
* DESIGN LOADING
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
25 psf
* CEILING : - kN/m
2
- psf
2
- psf
2
2
2
75 psf
2
2
Note:
2
2
2
100 psf
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
* BALCONY : - kN/m
2
2
100 psf
2
Dead Load =
Live Load =
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
W
u
=
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
W
u
=
2.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
1,007.426 kN-m
R
A
= R
B =
402.971 kN
TRIAL SECTION
m
19.189 kN/m
19.189 kN/m
53.729 kN/m
M
U = (Restrained beams)
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d / 2
= 0.90 bending
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
b = 380 mm
h = d + cover
cover = 60 mm
h = 960 mm
* WEIGHT OF BEAM
Wu
Beam
=
W
U
L
2
R
A
= R
B =
* TOTAL REACTIONS
R
TA
= R
TB =
R
TA
= R
TB =
* MOMENT OF BEAM
Wu
beam
L
2
12
Mu
beam
=
* TOTAL MOMENT OF BEAM
M
U
=
Mu
loading
+ Mu
wt. of beam
M
U
=
M
U
= f'c b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = say
Note:
Mu
LOADS
=
Mu
CAP.
=
(MOMENT CAPACITY)
CODE:
IF Mu Mu
max
IF Mu > Mu
max
SINCE
Mu = >
THEREFORE ; DESIGN AS DOUBLY REINFORCED
827.61 mm 830 mm
1,134.60 kN-m
768.59 kN-m
1,134.60 kN-m 768.59 kN-m
453.839 kN
Mu
beam = (Restrained beams)
127.170 kN-m
1,134.60 kN-m
R
A
= R
B =
50.868 kN
R
T(A-B) due to loads
+ R
795.46 mm 900 mm
6.782 kN/m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01202
1.4
fy
min = 0.00338
max =
0.75
b f'c (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
=
max
= 0.75
b
max
=
min = 0.00338
max = 0.02141
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
= 0.01202 >
min = 0.00338
<
max = 0.02141
SINCE
min
<

<
max
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As =
mm
2
No. OF BARS
A
b
b
= 0.85
1
0.02855
0.02141
2,884.84
N =
=
=
min
=
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u = 453.84 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.75
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
IF V
u
< V
c BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
s
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
V
C =
1/6 f'c b d
V
C = 266.40 kN
V
c = 199.80 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u = 453.84 kN
V
c = 199.80 kN
1/2 V
c = 99.90 kN
V
u = 453.84 kN > V
c = 199.80 kN
> 1/2 V
c = 99.90 kN
b
w
s
3 fy
S
3 Av fy
b
w
A
V
= mm
2
3 Av fy
b
w
S
1
= say
S
= d /2 or 600 mm
S
2
=
=
370.00 mm
450.00 mm
600.00 mm
370.00 mm
S =
113.10
S =
369.65 mm
V
u =
A
V = (MINIMUM AREA IF STIRRUPS)
A
V =
fy
t
e
1.7 f'c
t
= 1.0
e
= 1.0
s
= 1.0
= 1.0
c
b
L
d = say 1,300.00 mm
40 A
tr
sn
A
tr
= mm
2
n = 5 bars
SPACING OF MAINBARS
S 14.67 mm < 25 mm ; Therefore not ok
40 A
tr
sn
k
tr
= 0.0
L
d =
CHECK CODE:
(c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
= 1.07 < 2.50
Mu =
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
1,870.61 mm
1,134.60 kN-m
k
tr =
3,078.76
k
tr =
L
d =
fy
t
s
1,296.85 mm
L
d =
fy
t
s
(d
b
)
1.1 f'c ((c
b
+ k
tr
)/ d
b
)
L
d = (d
b
Mu
Mn =
Mn = Mn
1
+ Mn
2
Mn
1 =
Mn
2 =
STEEL AREA
COMPRESSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
2 = As
2
fy (d - d')
As
1 =

b d
As
1 =
mm
2
As
1
fy
0.85 f'c b
a =
a
1
c =
(d - c)
c
'
s
= 0.00904
fy
Es
'
s
Mn
2
fy (d - d')
As'
req'd
= mm
2
As'
req'd
A
b
TENSION BARS
Mn
1 = As
1
fy (d - a/2)
Mn
1
fy (d - a/2)
As
1
= mm
2
As = As
1
+ As
2
As'
req'd
= As
2
= mm
2
As = mm
2
No. of TENSION BARS
A
b
As
1 =
2,595.44
1,606.19
4,201.62
N =
As'
req'd = = As
2
1,606.19
N =
199.31 mm
'
s = 0.003
c = = 0.00207
169.41 mm
c =
1
= 0.85
1,260.66 kN-m
768.59 kN-m
492.07 kN-m
2,884.84
a = =
1
c
Mn =
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
365.91 mm SAY 200.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 397.44 mm
l
db
db
L
d
=
556.42 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.06970
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 349.42 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
24.35 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
0.04 d
b
fy = 264.96
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
13.24 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
57.87 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
hb
= mm
3. A
s
required l
hb
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 42.37 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 54.11 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 18.70 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 128.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 24.35 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 24.35 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 463.68 mm
l
hb
=
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 3.50 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.85 kN/m
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.85 kN/m
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
26.38 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 260.13 say 350 mm
b = 175 mm
TRY 175 x 410
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 1.69 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
1.72 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
28.11 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 265.70 say 270 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 28.11 KN-m < M
U max
= 71.89 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
0.85
1
M
U
=
=
=
min
=
b
=
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,003.24 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
s Note:
A
b
N = 4.99 say 5 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
48.19 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
46.45 kN
V
c
=
39.48 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 48.19 kN
V
c
= 39.48 kN
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
SINCE V
U
> V
C
S
V
N
= V
U
/
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
U
/ - V
C
CODE
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
V
N
= V
U
/
V
N
=
56.69
kN
V
S
= V
N
- V
C
V
S
=
10.25
kN
2/3 f'c b
w
d =
185.78
kN
SINCE V
S
< 2/3 f'c b
w
SPACING
A
V
fy d
Vs
S = 1,220.63 mm
CHECK CODE:
MAXIMUM SPACING
(a) WHEN V
s
1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
s
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 92.89 kN
S
max
= 175 mmor
S
max
= 600 mm
THEREFORE S
max
= 175 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
l
db
=
S =
l
db
=
d
b
fy
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.06970
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
13.38 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
13.24 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
m

=
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 245.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 13.38 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 13.38 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 3.32 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
16.83 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.14 kN
P
uB-1
=
5.80 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
41.32 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 302.10 say 400 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 250 x 500
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
46.58 KN-m
M
U
=
M
U
=
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 314.41 say 320 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
M
U
= 46.58 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
=
0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
=
0.00615
max
=
0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
=
=
min
=
b
= 0.85
1
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
98.50 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 98.50 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 98.50 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
115.89 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
55.22 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
N =
V
u
=
A
V
=
S=
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 55.22 kN
SINCE V
S
= 55.22 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
S= 129.41 mm SAY 125.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
S=
l
db
=
As required
As provided
m= 0.06970
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
13.38 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
13.24 mm SAY 30.00 mm
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 13.38 mm
strength
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
hb
=
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 13.38 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
* DESIGN CRITERIA
fc' = 20.70 MPa
fy = 227.48 MPa
LENGTH = 5.40 m
* DESIGN CRITERIA
3
B. DEAD LOAD
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOTE:
2
2
C. LIVE LOAD
* ROOF : 0.75 kN/m
2
2
2
* DESIGN ANALYSIS
1.0 LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
* FLOOR : 2.73 kN/m
REINFORCED CONCRETE
2.0 ULTIMATE LOAD
UNIFORM LOAD:
W
u
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
W
u
=
25.18 kN/m
CONCENTRATED LOAD
P
u
= 1.4 DL
P
uLB-1
=
4.31 kN
3.0 ULTIMATE MOMENT
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
64.63 kN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
ASSUME:
b = d /2
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 356.97 say 360 mm
b = 200 mm
TRY 200 x 460
* WEIGHT OF BEAM :
W
B
= 2.17 kN/m
* MOMENT OF BEAM :
W
u
L
2
12
M
U
=
5.26 KN-m
M
U
= M
uloading
+ M
u wt. of beam
M
U
=
69.90 KN-m
M
U
=
fc' b d
2
(1-0.59 )
d = 341.48 say 350 mm
M
U
M
U max
CODE:
IF M
U
M
U max
IF M
U
> M
U max
SINCE
TRIAL SECTION
M
U
=
M
U
=
M
U
= 69.90 KN-m < M
U max
= 95.91 kN-m
fy
fc'
fc'
fy
= 0.01638
1.4
fy
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.75
b (fc') (600)
fy (600 + fy)
1
= 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa
if fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (fc' - 30)
b
= 0.04767
max
= 0.75
b
max
= 0.03575
min
= 0.00615
max
= 0.03575
CODE:
IF
min
< <
max USE
IF >
IF <
min
USE
min
SINCE = 0.01638 >
min
= 0.00615 and <
max
= 0.03575
THEREFORE USE

= 0.01638
STEEL AREA
As =

b d
As = 1,310.36 mm
2
No. of MAINBARS
A
A
b
N = 6.52 say 8 - 16 mm BARS
CHECK SPACING
FACTORED SHEAR
W
u
L
2
V
u
=
71.23 kN
SHEAR STRENGTH
= 0.85
0.85
1
N =
V
u
=
=
=
min
=
b
=
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
CODE
IF V
u
> V
c
IF V
u
< V
c
BUT V
u
> 1/2 V
c
b
w
3 fy
IF V
u
< 1/2 V
c
V
C
= 1/6 fc' b d
V
C
=
60.66 kN
V
c
=
51.56 kN
CHECK CODE:
V
u
= 71.23 kN
V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
u
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
SINCE V
U
= 71.23 kN > V
c
= 51.56 kN
V
n
= Vu /
V
n
=
83.80 kN
V
S
= V
n
- V
C
V
S
=
23.14 kN
CHECK CODE:
IF V
S
2/3 f'c b
w
d

IF V
S
> 2/3 f'c b
w
d

2/3 f'c b
w
d =
242.65 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN < 2/3 f'c bw d = 242.65 kN
A
V
f
y
d
Vs
CHECK CODE:
V
MORE SHEAR AREA
MAXIMUM SPACING:
(a) WHEN V
S
1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
(b) WHEN V
S
> 1/3 f'c b
w
d ; S
max
= d/4 or 300 mm
1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
V
S
= 23.14 kN
SINCE V
S
= 23.14 kN < 1/3 f'c b
w
d = 121.33 kN
THEREFORE S
max
= d/2 or 600 mm
S
max
= 200.00 mm
or
S
max
= 600.00 mm
A
V
f
y
d
A
V
=
S=
S=
Vs
S= 339.75 mm SAY 335.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
l
db
= 201.06 mm SAY 200.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
281.48 mm SAY 280.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.02 Ab fy
fc'
0.06 d
b
fy = 218.38 mm
l
db
MINIMUM l
db
L
d
=
305.73 mm SAY 310.00 mm
0.24 db fy
fc'
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE: CONDITIONS
As required
As provided
m= 0.06970
0.24 db fy
fc'
l
db
= 191.99 mm SAY 190.00 mm
L
d
= l
db
L
d
=
13.38 mm SAY 30.00 mm
CHECK CODE:
0.24 db fy
fc'
0.04 d
b
fy = 145.59
m
m
l
db
L
d
=
13.38 mm SAY 30.00 mm
m

=
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
l
db
=
d
b
fy
l
db
=
d
b
fy
S=
HOOKS
100 d
b
fc'
l
dh
= l
hb

; NOT LESS THAN 8 d
b
AND
l
hb
=
351.67 mm
MODIFICATION FACTOR
CODE:
1. fy = 227.48 Mpa l
hb
x (fy/415)
l
dh
= mm
2. l
hb
x 0.70 l
dh
= mm
3. A
s
required l
dh
= mm
A
s
provided
CODE:
l
dh
> 8 d
b
> 150 mm
l
dh
= 192.77 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 246.17 mm > 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
l
dh
= 85.06 mm < 128.00 mm , 150.00 mm
THEREFORE USE l
dh
= 246.17 mm SAY 250.00 mm
SPLICES
* TENSION
CODE:
CLASS A SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.0 L
d
CLASS B SPLICE: - - - - - - 1.3 L
d
L
d
= 13.38 mm
strength
(a) A
s
required =
113.10 mm
2
* COMPRESSION
CODE:
1. L
d
> 0.07 fy d
b
2. L
d
> (0.13 fy - 24)d
b
fy > 415 Mpa
fy = 415.00 Mpa
L
d
= 13.38 mm
0.07 fy d
b
= 191.08 mm
l
hb
=

Structural Analysis & Design (Investigation)

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What is the process for designing and analyzing a one-way reinforced concrete slab?

What is the process for designing and analyzing a one-way reinforced concrete slab?

What are the minimum requirements for development length of reinforcement in tension and compression?

What are the minimum requirements for development length of reinforcement in tension and compression?

DESIGN OF BEAM

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

1 = 0.85 if fc' 30 MPa

S = say < 450 mm ; ok

g = 0.0279 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

g = 0.0157 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

g = 0.0209 > 0.01 < 0.08 ok

g = 0.0209 > 0.01 < 0.08

fm = 11.520 > 2.0 therefore use CASE 3

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