253

INDEX
acharjis, 164, 165
Aggarwal, Abhilasha, 144
Agra School Book Society, 125, 1267
Agricultural and Horticultural Society, 96
Ahmad, Naheed F., 115, 117, 121, 151
Airy, George Biddell, 65, 66, 70
algebra, Aryabhata and, 1589
almanacs, 19, 163, 164, 166, 167
See also calendars
Anderson, Katherine, 67
Anglicists, 137, 138, 144
and Orientalists, debate on medium of
instruction, 1223
Ansari, S. M. R. 4, 48, 117, 131
Antiquity of Hindoo Medicine ( J. Forbes
Royle), 21
Arabic astronomy, 17, 155
Arnold, David, 5, 163, 190
Arrowsmith, Aaron, 58
Aryabhata, 2, 1589
Aryan civilization, periodization of, 160
Aryans, Orientalists interest in, 16
Asiatic Society of Bengal, see Asiatick
Society
Asiatick Researches, 13, 15, 22, 26, 34, 44,
61, 134
Asiatick Society, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 67
and modern astronomy, 57, 62
racial character of, 96
Assyrian astronomy, 159
astrolabes, 28, 171
astrologers, 2, 77, 1645, 166, 167
astrological instruments, 14, 267, 28, 29,
1701
See also astronomical instruments
astrological clock, at Ramnagar Fort
Museum, 1701
astrology, 154, 163
Alexander Johnstons views on, 245
and astronomy, 2, 14, 239, 34, 130,
1634, 171
European view of, 235
H. T. Colebrookes views on, 23
horoscopes, importance in, 166, 167
Orientalists and, 23, 289
origins of, 23, 24
re-evaluation of, 16372, 186, 1701,
172
and scientifc rationality, 1712
astronomers, 72
amateur astronomers, 6970
and assistants, relationship, 845
See also Indian assistants
dilettantes, 37, 38, 39, 64, 69, 70, 71, 188
astronomical instruments, 2, 14, 23, 268,
39, 41
and astrology, 23, 26, 27, 28, 34
as curiosities, 623
modern, Indian role in construction of,
88
modern astronomy and, 45, 46, 56, 66
astronomical medicine, 72
astronomical observations, publication of,
69, 70, 71
Astronomical Society of India, 186
astronomical tables, 30, 32
astronomy
colonial history, 47
Indian, see Indian astronomy
modern, see modern astronomy
pre-colonial history, 13
astrophysics, Indian achievements in, 186
Aubin, David, 45
Awadh, 77, 108
Copyright
254 Astronomy in India, 17841876
Ayurveda, 15, 21
Bailly, Jean-Sylvain, 30, 31
Balfour, Francis, 71
Ballantyne, James Robert, 1289, 130
Ballhatchet, Kenneth, 140
Bapu, Subaji, 124, 125, 127, 155, 162
Barker, Robert, 40, 41
Barrow, Henry, 67, 878, 89
Barrow, Ian J., 4
Barrows theodolite, 87, 88
Basalla, George, 74
Bayly, Christopher A., 2, 5, 124, 150, 161
Bedford Catalogue (William Henry Smyth),
69
Bedford-Aylesbury axis, 69
Bell, John, 116
Benares, 112, 128, 189
astrology in, re-evaluation of, 1701
modern science, response to, 112
Sanskrit elite of, 130
Benares Debating Club, 171
Benares observatory, of Jai Singh, 401, 42
Benares Sanskrit College, 111, 126, 1289
astronomical education in, 128
Bapu Deva Sastri and, 131, 155
mathematics department, remodelling
of, 130
modern science, approach to, 130, 1312
neo-Orientalist approach to education,
128, 137
Western knowledge, incorporation of,
1301
Bengal, 8, 9, 12, 59
astronomy in, 57, 62, 63
See also Calcutta observatory; Chowring-
hee observatory
Bengal Almanac and Annual Directory for
1822, 33
Bengal calendars, 23, 25, 32, 33
Bentinck, Lord, 123
Bentley, John, 31
Beresford, G., 136
Bhabha, H. J., 186
Bhabha, Homi K., 6
Bhandarkar, D. R., 166
Bharat Kala Bhavan, of the Benares Hindu
University, 171
Bharatiya Jyotish Sastra (S. B. Dikshit), 2
Bhaskara II, 124, 157, 168
discovery of calculus, debates over, 157
Bhaskaracharya, see Bhaskara II
Bhatta, Omkar, 124, 155
Bhattotpala, 158, 159
Bhugola, 1556
Bhugolsara (Omkar Bhatta), 125
Bibliotheca Indica, 157
Bija Ganita (Bhaskara II), 125, 129, 157
binomial theorem, 17
Biswas, Arun Kumar, 181
Blacker, Valentine, 59, 60, 86
Board of Education, Bombay, 120
Bombay, 8, 9, 46, 107, 11213
co-constructiveness in, 104, 108, 139,
150, 151, 188, 189
mercantile culture of, 141
modern astronomy in, 137, 1501, 153
See also Bombay Group; Bombay
observatory; Colaba observatory;
Elphinstone College
racialized demarcation of space, 107
Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
102, 103, 158
See also Literary Society of Bombay
Bombay Calendar and Almanac for 1855, Te,
146
Bombay calendars, 32, 33, 65, 101, 168, 169
Bombay Courier, 6970, 71
Bombay Education Society (BES), 114
Bombay Ethnographical Survey, 166
Bombay Group, 111, 112, 156, 157
Arthur Bedford Orlebars contribution
to, 150
astronomy, practical approach to, 122
Bal Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar and,
116
Colaba observatory and, 112
Lancelot Wilkinson and, 122, 127
Bombay Native Education Society (BNES),
102, 114, 115, 116, 120
Bombay Native School Book and School
Society (BNSBSS), 114
Bombay Native Schools, 114
Bombay observatory, 467, 52, 56, 72, 76,
173, 188
astronomers appointment, 4849, 56
Copyright
Index 255
astronomers role, 64, 65
East India Company and, 47, 48, 49, 55
establishment of, 48
John Curnin and, 49, 122
See also Curnin, John
Literary Society of Bombay and, 47, 48,
55, 56
as meteorological and magnetic observa-
tory, 8, 46
plan, 105, 106
shif, to Colaba 4950
See also Colaba observatory
Bombay Times, 70
Bombay University, 147
Bose, P. N., 96
Bose, S. N., 186
botany, and Indian plant taxonomy, 91
Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta (Brahmagupta),
157
Brahmagupta, 157, 158
Brahmanas, 160
Brahmins, 16, 17, 19, 29, 30, 89, 105, 135,
160, 164, 188
and astrology, 130
in Elphinstone College, 117, 120
and modern astronomy, 8990
See also Chhatre, Keru Laxman; Jamb-
hekar, Bal Gangadhar Shastri
Brandis, Dietrich, 91
Brief Notice of the Late Mr. Lancelot Wilkin-
son, A, 126
Brihat Samhita (Varahamihira), 157, 159
British amateur astronomy, 69
British Association for the Advancement of
Science, 66
British India Society, 136
British naturalists, collaboration with Chi-
nese, 109
Broun, John Allan, 81, 823
Indian assistants, views on, 845, 101
Brown, C. P., 23
Buchanan, Claudius, 133
Buchanan, Francis, 59
Buist, George, 54, 68, 117, 139, 175
Arthur Bedford Orlebar, criticism of,
138, 139
astronomical observations, publication
of, 70
astronomyweather link, observations
on, 71
Colaba observatory, description in
Guide to Bombay, 1467
Indian assistants, views on, 101
Keru Laxman, views on, 99100
lectures at Colaba observatory, 65, 143
meteorological observations, 68
scientifc interests, 65
Burmese astronomy, division of time in, 26
Burney, Henry, 19, 26
Burrow, Reuben, 17, 22, 41, 42, 44, 45, 57,
156
Indian astronomy, views on, 17, 18, 19,
42
Indo-European links, views on, 17, 18
calculus, Bhaskara and, 157
Calcutta, 8, 9, 46, 57, 96, 128
Calcutta Medical College, 128
Calcutta observatory, 4, 61, 62, 74, 76, 128,
188
Andrew Scott Waughs dispatch on, 934
East India Company and, 57
establishment of, 5961
Radhanath Sikdars role at, 92, 93, 94, 96
relocation to Chowringhee, 60, 61
surveys and, 59, 61
See also Chowringhee observatory
Calcutta Review, 145, 157, 161
Caldecott, John, 99
and Trivandrum observatory, 80, 812
calendars
astrology, criticism in, 234
Bengal calendars, 23, 25, 32, 33
Bombay calendars, 32, 33, 65, 101, 168,
169
National Calendar, 162
Prabhu Rupee Calendars, 164, 166, 167,
16870
See also almanacs; Indian calendars
Campbell, J. 88
Candy, Francis James, 149
Candy, Tomas, 114, 119, 120, 125, 126
and Poona Sanskrit College, report on,
118, 119
cartography, 4
Copyright
256 Astronomy in India, 17841876
celestial phenomena, and human constitu-
tion, relationship, 712
Central English School, 114, 116, 141
Chakrabarti, Pratik, 6, 191
Chakravarty, A. K., 92, 161
Chambers, Charles, 1734, 1789
Chandra Sekhar, Samanta, 162
Chapman, Allan, 88
Chemla, Karine, 191
Chesson and Woodhalls Miscellany, 170
Chhatre, Keru Laxman, 97, 103, 104, 105,
107, 108, 116, 117, 120, 138, 145, 146,
149, 151, 172, 190
and Arthur Bedford Orlebar, relationship
between, 98, 99, 150
astronomical observations, 99101
Bombay calendars, contribution to, 101
Colaba observatory, role at, 101
dial instrument of, 158
George Buists opinion of, 99100
Graha-Sadhanachi-Koshtake, 163
professorship at Poona, 1012
and Siddhantas, 163
and solar eclipse expeditions, 102, 180
Chinese zodiac, 159
Chinnici, Ileana, 181
Chowringhee observatory, 57, 189
and Hindu College, 112
See also Calcutta observatory
Christopher Z. Minkowski, 5
chronological epochs, 2943, 154, 158, 187
debates regarding, 14, 29, 34, 163
and Mosaic chronology, 32
William Joness views on, 30
chronometers, 49, 57, 61, 64, 72, 100, 102,
147, 179
co-constructiveness, 12, 756, 856, 89,
103, 107, 108, 109, 111, 121, 156, 184,
187, 18891
Arthur Bedford Orlebar and, 98, 150
See also Orlebar, Arthur Bedford
Bombay Group and, 150
See also Bombay Group
Colaba observatory and, 76, 978, 99100,
104, 150
institutional obstacles to, 95, 967
See also Chhatre, Keru Laxman;
Husain, Seid Mir Mohsin; Jamb-
hekar, Bal Gangadhar Shastri; Sikdar,
Radhanath
Cohn, Bernard S., 165
Colaba, 50, 68
Colaba observatory, 54, 56, 64, 102, 104,
105, 107, 108, 137, 143, 1456, 1735,
186, 189, 190
Arthur Bedford Orlebar and, see Orlebar,
Arthur Bedford
Bal Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar and,
see Jambhekar, Bal Gangadhar Shastri
Charles Chambers and, 1734, 1789
Charles Wilkinss opposition, 501
co-constructiveness in, 76, 978,
99100, 104, 150
See also co-constructiveness
dif culties in establishment of, 50, 512
Dinshaw Edulji Wachas comment on,
142
educational function, 143, 146, 147
and Elphinstone College, 102, 112,
1501, 11617
and Elphinstone Institution, 145, 147
establishment of, 4656
George Buists description in Guide to
Bombay, 1467
George Buists meteorological observa-
tions at, 68
Government of India and, 186
Govind Narayan Madgaonkars com-
ments on, 1745
Indian Navy and, 68, 146, 147, 150
John Curnin and, see Curnin, John
Joseph Patton and, 145, 146
Literary Society of Bombay and, 53, 54,
55, 56
magnetic and meteorological work at, 66,
68, 98, 99, 173
Marine Department and, 145, 146
plan, 106
racialized demarcation of space, 1057
scientifc lectures at, 65
superintendence of, Charles Chamberss
racial views, 1789
Colebrooke, H. T., 17, 33, 49, 134, 1589
Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta, translation
of, 157
Indian astronomers, views on, 201
Copyright
Index 257
Indian chronology, appraisal of, 159, 160
Indian zodiac, views on, 17
origins of astrology, views on, 234
precession of the equinoxes, views on,
161
Colebrooke, R. H., 45
Colebrooke, Tomas Edward, 159, 160
College of Fort William, 128, 1324
and astronomy, 132, 133, 134
James Dinwiddies experiences, 134
mathematics, teaching of, 134
College of Fort William in Bengal, Te
(Claudius Buchanan), 133
colleges, 10, 11
astronomy in, 9, 12, 111, 150
Collins, Harry M., 95
colonial science, 56, 63, 74, 150
inequalities in, 190
intermediaries, role in, 10
See also science; modern science
colonial scientists, types of, 63
comet of 1843, Keru Laxmans observations,
99, 1001
comet of 18445, 6970, 71, 99
George Buists study of, 70, 71
William Poles article on, 6970, 99100
Commentary on the Hindu System of Medi-
cine (T. A. Wise), 21
Committee for the Preparation and Publica-
tion of Books, 116
Committee of Public Instruction, 123
Copernican cosmology, 189
and Indian cosmology, reconciliation,
154
Course of Pure and Mixed Mathematics,
A (Arthur Bedford Orlebar), 137, 148
Crisp, John Henry, treatise on determining
terrestrial longitude, 58, 59
Crooke, William, 165, 166
cultural imperialism, astronomy and, 73
Curnin, John, 46, 4853, 55, 59, 66, 98, 173
appointment as government astronomer,
489
and Bombay observatory, criticism of
infrastructure of, 49
and Colaba observatory, 50, 512, 53
dif culties faced 501, 55, 723
dismissal of, 523
and George Everest, 723
and S. Goodfellow, complaint against,
51, 113
tract on moon-culminating stars, 72
Daniell, Tomas, 39
Daniell, William, 39, 40
Darpan 102, 107, 121
Das, Sisir Kumar, 133, 134
Dass, Sreenath, 94, 96
Davis, Samuel, 19, 20, 22, 31, 41, 134, 156
Day, Lal Behari, 166
de Blossville, 66
Delhi College, astronomy in, 136
Delhi observatory, of Jai Singh, 40
Depelchin, Father H., 136
Dev, Raja Radhakanta, 161
dhruva bhrama yantra, 27
dialogics, concept of, 1089
Dickinson, Tomas, 51
Dig-Darshan, 102, 103, 107, 121, 127
Dikshit, S. B., 2, 162, 163
Diksit, Chintamani, 162
dilettante astronomers, 37, 38, 64, 69, 70,
71, 188
Dinwiddie, James, 134
Dirks, Nicholas B., 165
Dobbin, Christine E., 117
Dodson, Michael S., 130, 150, 171
Dollond, instrument makers, 51, 60, 87
Dorabji, Dinshaw, 99
Drayton, Richard, 56
Dubois, Abb, 167
Duf, Alexander, 136
Dunn, Sgt, 99, 101
East India Company, 37, 46, 142
and astronomy, 1, 37, 63, 73, 74
and Bombay observatory, 46, 47, 489,
55
See also Bombay observatory; Colaba
observatory
and Calcutta observatory, 57
See also Calcutta observatory; Chow-
ringhee observatory
and Lucknow observatory, 778
See also Lucknow observatory
and Madras observatory, 8, 9
Copyright
258 Astronomy in India, 17841876
See also Madras observatory
patronage of science in India, 55
revenue surveys, 44
Edinburgh Review, 31
Edney, Matthew H., 4, 57, 113
Educational Charter Act, 123
Edwardes, S. M., 173
description of Colaba observatory, 678
Elphinstone, Mountstuar, 49, 98, 104, 114
and Arthur Bedford Orlebar, epistolary
exchanges, 13942
Elphinstone College, 98, 102, 107, 108, 111,
112, 117, 127, 147, 189
Arthur Bedford Orlebar and. See Orle-
bar, Arthur Bedford
astronomical education at, 119, 120
and Bal Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar,
infuence of, 11617
and Colaba observatory, 112, 149, 1501
establishment of, 115
and modern astronomy, 150
and Poona Sanskrit College, 118
practical engagement with astronomy,
121, 137
social background of students, 117
syllabus at, Indian infuence on, 11516
Western education, infuence of, 151
See also Elphinstone Institution
Elphinstone College professors, 151
Elphinstone College Records, 147
Elphinstone High School, 147
Elphinstone Institution
Arthur Bedford Orlebars mathematics
course at, 137, 142, 1434, 145, 147,
1489
Arthur Bedford Orlebars professorship
at, 115, 138, 13940
astronomical courses in, 137, 138, 147,
149
and Colaba observatory, link between,
145, 147
See also Elphinstone College
Elphinstone Professorships, 120, 141
Elphinstone Professorships Fund, 115
Engineering Institution, 119, 121
aim of, 11415
astronomy as a subject in, 112, 113,
11415, 121
social background of students, 114
vernacular instruction, preference for,
114, 123
English and Native Calendars for 1850, 25,
33
English language, 169
as medium of instruction, 1234
and Sanskrit, 1223, 129
Enthoven, Reginald E., 165
epigraphy, role of Indians in, 94
epistemological communities, concept of, 94
ethnographic surveys, 1646
European
astronomers, dif culties faced, 74
calendars, 29
See also calendars
physicians, and Indian medical practi-
tioners, interaction, 212
Everest, George, 612, 67, 86, 89, 108, 136
and Henry Barrow, 878
and John Curnin, 723
and Seid Mir Mohsin Husain, 868, 89,
97, 178
Everest, Robert, 71
Everest Pattern Waywiser, 86
Ewer, Walter, 69, 70
exact sciences, and colonialism, 73
Faizi, Abul Faiz, 168
False Notions regarding Indian Astrology
(Dadabhai Naoroji), 171
Fan, Fa-ti, 109
Fergusson, E. F. T., 68, 101
Framji, Ardeshir, 121
French Orientalists, and Indian astronomy,
30
Friend of India, Te, 126
Galison, Peter, 95
Ganeet Shilpa Vidyalaya, see Engineering
Institution
Gazetteer of Bombay Island and City (S. M.
Edwardes), 68, 173
General Assemblys Institution, 174
General Committee of Public Instruction,
135
ghatika yantra, see water clock
Copyright
Index 259
Ghosh, Pratap Chandra, reform of Hindu
calendar, 161
Gilbert, William, 52
Gilbert instrument makers, 51, 52
Gilchrist, John, and Indian division of time
26
Glasgow, James, 72
Gleanings in Science, 77
Goladhyaya (Bhaskara II), 124
Golananda (Chintamani Diksit), 162
Goldingham, John, 43, 72, 8990, 98, 107
astronomical observations, 65
Goodfellow, S., 113, 114
Government Central Museum, Jaipur, 171
Govinda Samanta (Lal Behari Day), 166
Grant Medical College, co-constructiveness
in, 104
Great Arc, measurement of, 61, 62, 87
Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS), 61, 92
Green, Henry, 148
Grout, Andrew, 103, 107
Guide to Bombay (George Buist), 1467
Gujarati Dnyanprasarak Mandali, 121
Gupte, B. A., 166
Habib, S. Irfan, 191
Haidar, Ghazi-ud-Din, 77
hakims, 22
Halleur, Dr, 136
Harkness, John, 116, 148
Harrison, Mark, 71
Henderson, William, 116
Herbert, James Dowling, and Lucknow
observatory, 77, 78
Herrmann, Dieter, 52
Herschel, J. F. W., 66, 70
Hikmat alayn of Katiby, 155
Himalayan Peak, XV 92
Hindu algebra, 1567
Hindu astronomy, 38
C. Ragoonathacharys views on, 182
Kalinath Mukherjis tract on, 160
See also Indian astronomy
Hindu College, 111, 1346, 189
and astronomy, study of, 128, 132, 134,
1356
and Chowringhee observatory, 112
social background of students, 135
Vincent Reess role in, 135
Western science in, 136
Hindu Customs, Manners and Ceremonies
(Abb Dubois), 167
Hindu pharmacopeia, European interest
in, 21
Hinduism, 18
Historical Records of the Survey of India (R.
H. Phillimore), 4, 47
History of Science, Technology and Medicine
in India (O. P. Jaggi), 3
Hodgson, John Anthony, and Calcutta
observatory, 5960, 61, 66
Hooker, Joseph D., comments on Jai Singhs
stone observatories, 42
horoscopes, 25, 29, 163, 166, 167
Horsburgh, James, 3, 43, 52
Hunter, William, 134
assessment of Jai Singh, 412
astronomical observations, 43
Husain, Seid Mir Mohsin, 858, 89, 94,
956, 108, 190
and George Everest, relationship, 868,
89, 97
and modern science, engagement with,
86, 87, 889, 92
Husain Khan Kashmiri, Tafazzul, 134
Indian and European physicians, interaction,
212
Indian assistants
at Calcutta observatory, 92, 93, 94, 96
at Colaba observatory, 989
knowledge production, contribution
to, 94
See also co-constructiveness
at Lucknow observatory, 79, 85
at Madras observatory, 8991, 98
and modern astronomy, participation in,
82, 8991
role of, 9 12, 98, 101
at Trivandrum observatory, 85
William Poles views on, 99
See also Chhatre, Keru Laxman; Husain,
Seid Mir Mohsin; Jambhekar, Bal
Gangadhar Shastri; agoonathachary,
C.; Sikdar, Radhanath; Vencat-Jugga-
row, Goday
Copyright
260 Astronomy in India, 17841876
Indian Association for the Cultivation of
Science (IACS), 8, 11, 180, 181
Indian/traditional astronomy, 13, 5, 17,
1819, 22, 38, 118, 119, 150, 155, 189
accuracy, scepticism regarding, 32, 34
and Alexander Walker, see Walker,
Alexander
antiquity of, 3, 301, 32, 34, 15960,
185, 190
Arthur Bedford Orlebars view of, 144,
145
authenticity of, 1545, 156
Bhau Daji Lads views on, 158
C. Ragoonathacharys views on, 182
See also Ragoonathachary, C.
contribution to Europe, 17, 18
European interest, decline in, 223, 28
and European science, 24, 25
French Orientalists and, 30
Greek infuence on, 1718
James Robert Ballantynes engagement
with, 12830
James Prinseps view of, 70
Kalinath Mukherjis tract on, 160
Lancelot Wilkinson and, 11112, 122
See also Wilkinson, Lancelot
and modern astronomy, reconciliation,
1534, 172
Orientalists and, 8, 12, 1315, 1618,
21, 22, 73, 112, 154, 155, 1878
philosophical engagement with, 5, 7,
9, 12, 13, 18, 29, 111, 113, 128,
151, 153, 156 See also Engineering
Institution; Benares Sanskrit College;
Poona Sanskrit College; Wilkinson,
Lancelot
and Western astronomy, rationalization
of engagement, 1623, 184, 185, 186,
187, 189
Indian Calendar Reform Committee, 161
Indian calendars, 323, 34
and European calendars, 323
inaccuracies, 29, 334
reform of, 154, 1601
See also calendars
Indian cosmology, 1819, 163, 155
neo-Orientalism and, 155, 156
See also Puranas; Siddhantas
Indian doctors and Western medicine,
1034
Indian Journal of History of Science, 3
Indian National Science Academy (INSA), 3
Indian princes, as patrons of science, 5, 76,
77
See also Lucknow observatory; Trivan-
drum observatory
Indian translators, 20, 94
Indian zodiac, 21
origin and antiquity, 1617, 159
William Jones and, 1617, 20, 30
instrument makers and astronomers, rela-
tionship, 52
Irschick, Eugene F., concept of dialogics,
1089
Islamic astronomy, 1312
Jacob, William Stephen, 656, 83
Jaggi, O. P., 3
Jai Singh, 37, 73
Benares observatory of, 401, 42
and Siddhantas, reform of, 39
stone observatories of, 37, 389, 412,
45
jal ghadi, 27
See also water clock
Jambhekar, Bal Gangadhar Shastri, 97,
1023, 104, 107, 108, 112, 11617,
118, 120, 121, 122, 127, 138, 151, 190
and Arthur Bedford Orlebars mathemat-
ics course, contribution to, 144, 145
and Bombay Group, 116
See also Bombay Group
Colaba observatory and, 102, 103
and modern astronomy, 104, 105, 120,
127
and modern science, response to, 104,
119
and Siddhantas, interest in, 119, 127
and Vishnu Shastri Joshis education,
contribution to, 119, 120, 1212
Jambhekar, Ganesh Gangadhar, 103, 113,
118, 127
janam patra, see horoscopes
Jaunpuri, Ghulam Husain, 131, 132
Jervis, George Ritso, 114, 116, 144
Johnston, Alexander, 32
Copyright
Index 261
Indian astrology, views on, 245
Jones, William, 15, 1617, 18, 19, 20, 21,
43, 91
Indian chronology, views on, 29, 30
Joshi, Pandit Janardan Dat, 166
Joshi, Vishnu Shankar, 119
Joshi, Vishnu Shastri, 119, 120
and modern astronomy, 118, 120
joshis, 71, 165, 166
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 61,
124, 157, 173
Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, 65, 98
jyotihsastra/jyotisa, 2, 19, 23
Jyotisavedanga, 1, 159, 160
Jyotisha Chintamani (C. Ragoonathachary),
177, 183
jyotishi, 165
Kala Sankalita ( John Warren), 32
Kaliyuga calendar, 33
Kaliyuga epoch, 34, 161
debate regarding, 29, 30, 33, 34
signifcance of, 32
Kamal-ud-Din, 79
karanas, 2
Karnik, Neela, 28
Karr, W. Seton, 129
Kater, Henry, 89
Kejariwal, O. P., 29
Kerala School of astronomy, 162
Kern, H., 1589
Khona, 1678
Khonas Sayings, 167
knowledge
and concept of epistemological com-
munities, 94
construction of, and co-constructiveness,
108, 109
See also co-constructiveness
downward-fltration, concept of, 123
and politics, 11
scientifc, sociology of (SSK), 1011
tacit, concept of, 95, 189
Kochhar, Rajesh, 4
Kodaikanal observatory, Madras, 186
Kolb, David A., 146
Kopf, David, 134
kosthakas, 2
Krishna, V. V., 63
Kuhn, Tomas S., 7
Kumar, Deepak, 56, 96, 104, 151, 185
Lad, Bhau Daji, 120, 158
Lafont, Father Eugene, 1367, 180, 181
Lambton, William, 44, 59, 61, 134
Larwood, H. J. C., 74
Latour, Bruno, 10
Laxman, Govurdhun, 101, 102
Le Gentil, Jean Baptiste Joseph, 30
Lee, John, 523, 69
Leiblig, Dr, 136
Lilavati (Bhaskara II), 125, 129, 157
Lilavati, see Khona
Literary Society of Bombay, 15, 46, 478,
104, 115
and astronomy, 46, 478
and Colaba observatory, 53, 54, 55, 56
See also Bombay Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society
Literary Society of Madras, 15
Lourdusamy, John, 6, 192
Lucknow observatory, 4, 8, 80
decline of, 7980
East India Company and, 778
engagement between Europeans and
Indians, 75, 76
Indian assistants, role of, 79, 845
Richard Wilcox and, 789, 80
Ludlow, J. O. E., 70
Macaulay, T. B., Minute on Education, 123,
124
Mackenzie, Colin, 44
Mackintosh, James, 15
Macleod, Roy, 63
Madgaonkar, Govind Narayan, 1745
Madras, 46
Madras Catalogue, 65
Madras Journal of Literature and Science, 90
Madras observatory, 4, 8, 9, 37, 434, 46, 57,
65, 74, 174, 175
Indian participation, 8991, 98
magnetic research in, 667
madrassas, 135
magnetism, science of, 64, 667, 73
Copyright
262 Astronomy in India, 17841876
Colaba observatory and, 66, 68, 98, 99,
173
Madras observatory and, 667
Trivandrum observatory and, 83
Maharaja of Benares, 170, 171
Malcolm, John, 115
Mandlik, Vishvanath Narayan, 158
maqtabs, 135
Marine Department
and astronomy, 47
Colaba observatory and, 145, 146
and Marine Yard observatory, 46, 47, 48
Markham, Clements R., 4, 173
Martanda Varma, Raja Uthram Tirunal, 82
Masselos, Jim, 104, 107, 141
mathematics, 150, 156
in ancient Indian tradition, 1567
Arthur Bedford Orlebars course at
Elphinstone Institution, 137, 142,
1434, 145, 147, 1489, 150
at College of Fort William, 134
McDougall, James, 147
Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta, 96
medicine, 62
astrological, 712
astronomical, 72
Indian doctors, 1034
Indian system, European interest in, 15,
21, 22, 63
See also Lad, Bhau Daji
medium of instruction, Orientalist-Anglicist
debate over, 1223
Memoir on the Indian Surveys, A (Clements
R. Markham), 4
Memoir with Testimonials (George Buist),
100, 101
Memoirs and Writings of Acharya Bal
Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar (Ganesh
Gangadhar Jambhekar), 103
Menon, P. Shungoonny, 80
Meteorological Congress at Rome, 83
meteorology, science of, 64, 66, 67
Colaba observatory and, 66, 68, 98, 99,
173
Madras observatory and, 45, 667
St Xaviers College and, 137
Trivandrum observatory and, 83
metropolitan science, concept of, 63
Middleton, J. J., 278, 62
Minkowski, Christopher Z. 130
Minute on Education, T. B. Macaulays, 123
modern/Western astronomy
colonial elite and, 64, 69, 71, 73
in colonial India, historiography of, 1,
47, 9
and colonial of cialdom, attitude
towards, 49, 52, 556, 57, 60, 62, 63,
64, 72, 73, 74
and colonialism, 11
and cultural imperialism, 73
Eurocentric difusionist perspectives, 4, 5
as European science, 37, 38, 42
Europeans and, 56, 57, 63, 107
Indian agency and, 45, 75, 76, 103, 105,
108, 191
See also Indian participation in below
and Indian astronomy, rationalization of
engagement, 1623, 172, 184, 185,
186, 187, 189
Indian participation in, 8992, 111, 121,
172, 1778, 185, 186, 1878, 192
See also Chhatre, Keru Laxman;
Husain, Seid Mir Mohsin; Jambhekar,
Bal Gangadhar Shastri; Ragoon-
athachary, C.; Sikdar, Radhanath
institutionalization of, 9, 35, 46, 47, 188
practical engagement, 5, 11, 12, 13, 37,
44, 45, 76, 95, 105, 107, 108, 109,
111, 112, 131, 137, 153, 156, 172,
186, 189
as Western science, 46, 188
See also Indian Association for the Culti-
vation of Science (IACS)
modernity, and non-Western cultures, 1912
Money, William Taylor, 47, 48
Montriou, Charles William, 68, 101, 146
moon, European interest in infuence of,
712
Moos, N. A. F., 186
Morgan, Augustus de, 132
Morris, J. C., 90
Mount Meru, Puranic idea of, 18, 125, 156
Muir, John, 126
Mukherji, Kalinath, 160, 161
Mller, Friedrich Max, 159
Copyright
Index 263
Mumbaiche Varnan (Govind Narayan Mad-
gaonkar), 174
museum(s)
in colonial India, 28
Government Central Museum, Jaipur,
171
Museum of Indology, Jaipur, 26
National Museum of Scotland, Edin-
burgh, 171
Oriental, Charles Wilkinss proposal for,
50
Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society,
62
Ramnagar Fort Museum, Varanasi, 170
Naegamvala, Kavasji Dadabhai, 181
Naik, J. V., 114, 150
Nair, Savithri Preetha, 134
naksatras, 16, 17, 103, 171
Nandy, Ashish, 6
Naoroji, Dadabhai, 148
astronomy lectures, 120, 121
False Notions regarding Indian Astrol-
ogy, essay on, 171
Narlikar, Jayant V., 4
Nasir-ud-Din, 77
National Calendar, 162
National Commission for the Compilation
of History of Science, 3
National Institute of Sciences of India
(NISI), 3
National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh,
171
nationalism
Indian astronomy and, 5, 160
Orientalist historiography and, 163
science and, 6, 155, 181, 192
Native Opinion, 169
natural history
in China, 109
European interest in, 50, 62, 63
Nautical Almanac, 70, 78, 144, 161
navigation, and astronomy, 4, 43, 47
Needham, Joseph, 191
Nehru, Jawaharlal, approach to science, 23
Nehruvian science, and Indian antiquity,
emphasis on, 35, 189
Nelson, Lynn Hankinson, 94
neo-Orientalism, 112, 132, 149, 150, 1556,
189
Benares Sanskrit College and, 128, 137
See also Benares Sanskrit College
Indian cosmological traditions and, 155,
156
Indians and, 1534
James Robert Ballantyne and, 128 30
Lancelot Wilkinson and, 112, 122, 124,
125, 137, 156
Sanskrit literati and, 125
See also Indian astronomy, philosophical
engagement with
Nix-Seaman, Alfred Jonathan, 50, 68
Notes on the Races, Castes, and Trades of
Eastern Bengal ( James Wise), 164
Nutan Panjika, 164, 1667
OShaughnessy, W. B., 135
observatories, 8, 10, 38, 45, 46, 734, 188
engagement between Indians and Euro-
peans, 9, 12
See also co-constructiveness
and Indian assistants, role of, 9
See also Indian assistants
of Jai Singh. See Jai Singh; stone observa-
tories, of Jai Singh
and magnetic research, 64, 66, 73
and meteorology, 64, 66, 67, 73
and modern astronomy, 4, 12, 37, 74
and Western science, 456
Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society, 62
Oriental Translation Committee, Bombay,
102
Orientalism, 1516, 132, 156
reworking of, 150, 1545, 163, 185
See also Orientalists; neo-Orientalism
Orientalist historiography, and nationalists,
163
Orientalists, 3, 5, 16, 86, 124
and Anglicists, 1223, 1378
and astrology, interest in, 23, 289
and Indian astronomers, engagement
between, 201
and Indian astronomy, interest in, 8, 12,
1315, 1618, 21, 22, 73, 112, 154,
155, 1878
Copyright
264 Astronomy in India, 17841876
and Indian epochs, debates regarding, 29,
34, 154
and Sanskrit literati, 150
Sanskrit manuscripts, collection of,
1920
and Siddhantas, 14, 16
See also Siddhantas
See also neo-Orientalism; Orientalism
Orlebar, Arthur Bedford, 46, 556, 64, 97,
98, 101, 107, 108, 111, 112, 117, 118,
120, 121, 137, 146, 155
and astronomy, views on, 1434
and Bombay Group, 150
and Colaba observatory, 536, 68, 989,
1389, 141
Course of Pure and Mixed Mathematics,
A (Arthur Bedford Orlebar), 137, 148
dif culties of job, 1401
as an educationist, 139, 140, 142, 143,
144
and Elphinstone College, 115, 116
Elphinstone Institution, professorship at,
138, 13940
European science, faith in superiority of,
1412, 150
and George Buist, relationship between,
138, 139
Indian astronomy, views on, 144, 145
and Keru Laxman Chhatre, 989, 100,
150, 178
mathematics course at Elphinstone Insti-
tution, 137, 142, 1434, 145, 147,
1489, 150
mercantile culture of Bombay, comment
on, 141
and Mountstuart Elphinstone, epistolary
exchanges, 13942, 151
proselytizing attitude of, 13940
scientifc interests of, 65
superiority of European methods, belief
in, 150
Wilkinsons educational ideas, contrast
with, 145
Palladino, Paolo, 73
panchanga, importance of, 25
pandits, 5, 19, 30, 70, 129, 130, 150
Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim, 10, 175
solar eclipse expeditions, 177
Parsi shipbuilders, 142
Parsis, 104
Elphinstone college, role in education at,
117, 118
pathsalas, 135
Patton, Joseph, 120, 1478
and Colaba observatory, 145, 146
and Students Literary and Scientifc
Society (SLSS), 1201
Pearse, Tomas D., 44, 45
Petrie, William, 43
Phillimore, R. H., 4, 47
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society, 31
photography, 8, 172
and solar astronomy, 177
Pillai, L. D. Swamikannu, 172
Pingree, David E., 1
Playfair, John, 20, 22, 31, 156, 157
and Jai Singhs observatories, study of, 41
Pogson, Norman R., 175, 177
Indian reaction to eclipse, characteriza-
tion of, 178
solar eclipse, report on, 1756
Polanyi, Michael, 95
Pole, William, 6970, 71
Indian assistants, views on, 99
Pond, James, 49
Poona, 8, 112, 127, 189
modern science, response to, 112
observatory, plans for, 4, 656
Poona Sanskrit College, 101, 111, 113, 125,
127
Elphinstone College and, 113, 118
and Indian astronomy, focus on study
of, 118
Lancelot Wilkinson and, 122
See also Wilkinson, Lancelot
philosophical engagement with
astronomy, 121
Professor Elect of Astronomy, appoint-
ment of, 11819, 120, 122, 126
Tomas Candys report on, 118, 119
Pottinger, Maj., 28
Prabhakar, 127
Prabhu community of Bombay, 168, 169,
170, 171
Copyright
Index 265
Prabhu Intelligencer, 169
Prabhu Rupee Calendars, 164, 166, 167,
16870
Prakash, Gyan, 5, 6, 155, 161
Pratt, John H., 28, 155, 159
Prescott, Arthur, 56
Presidency College, 135, 136
princely states, and Western astronomers, 77,
78, 81, 85
Prinsep, James, view on Indian astronomy,
70
astronomical observations, 70
Puranas, 5, 19, 118, 121
European interest in, 1819
Lancelot Wilkinson and, 124
rejection of, 124, 125
See also Puranic astronomy
Puranic astronomy, 113, 189
and Siddhantic model, 1819, 124,
1556
Pyenson, Lewis, 73
racism
Asiatic Society and, 967
colonial institutions, 12, 107, 190
Ragoonathachary, C., 172, 1845
local reaction to eclipse, comments on,
178
modern astronomy, engagement with,
182, 183, 184
observatory, appeal for, 184
and Siddhantic traditions, 181, 182, 183,
184
solar eclipses, research on, 1778
Te Transit of Venus, dialogue on,
1812, 183, 185
Raina, Dhruv, 3, 30, 105, 132, 154, 163, 191
Raj, Kapil, 6, 10, 94, 105, 136
concept of co-construction, 75
See also co-constructiveness
Rama Varma, Raja Swathi Tirunal, 80, 81,
82
Raman, C. V., 181, 186
Ramchandra, Yesudas, 132
Ramchunder, Janardhan, 100, 102
Ramnagar Fort Museum, Varanasi, 1701
Rao, Trimal, 103
Rast Gofar, 121
Ratclif, Jessica, 176, 181, 183, 184
Ravetz, Jerome, 88, 95
Ray, Jogesh Chandra, 162
Rees, Vincent L., 59, 61, 96
role in Hindu College, 135
Rennell, James, 94
Revenue Survey School, Madras, 57
Risley, H. H., 1645
Robertson, William, 29
Rode, Baba Joshi (or Yajneswara), 162
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and
Ireland, 15, 24
Royal Astronomical Society, 49, 52, 63, 65,
66, 72, 78, 80, 81, 175, 177
Transit of Venus Tracts, 181
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 50, 51, 66,
67, 72
Royal Society, 43, 44, 58, 67, 80, 83, 100,
175, 176
Royle, J. Forbes, 21
Russell, Robert V., 165, 168
Sabine, Edward, 66
Saha, M. N., 186
Said, Edward, 1516
Saka calendar, 33
salvers, 171
Samhitas, 160
Samvat calendar, 33
Sanskrit astronomical texts, printing of, 125
Sanskrit College, Calcutta, 129
Sanskrit elite, engagement with astronomy,
128, 130, 191
Sanskrit language
and English, 1223
as medium of education, 1289
Sanskrit manuscripts, Orientalists interest
in, 1920
Sanskrit texts, Wilkinsons campaign for use
of, 126, 127
Sarma, Sreeramula Rajeswara, 26, 128
Sastri, Bapu Deva, 1301, 1556, 157, 171
ancient Indian astronomy, interest in,
155
and ancient Indian mathematics, stress
on, 157
Lancelot Wilkinsons views on, 126, 130
Copyright
266 Astronomy in India, 17841876
translations of ancient astronomical texts,
157
Sathe, Moreshwar Shastri, 119
Schafer, Simon, 22, 42, 123, 134
science
colonial, see colonial science
and colonial hegemony, 55
in colonial India, histories of, 47, 11
and colonialism, 11
and concept of epistemological com-
munities, 945
constructivist view of, 10, 11
cross-cultural negotiations and, 5, 11,
105
in India, phases of historiography, 154
Indian, antiquity of, 1578
and Indian nationalism, 6, 155
metropolitan, concept of, 63
Nehruvian approach to, 2, 3
Orientalist studies, 154
postcolonial studies, 154
post-positivism, 154
and sociology, 10
See also Western/modern Science
science and technology studies (STS), 10
scientifc knowledge, sociology of (SSK),
1011
Sehore, 5, 122
Sen, Amartya K., 33
Sen, Gopeenath, 94, 96
Sen, Ramkamal, 96
Sen, S. N., 74
Sengupta, Subodhchandra, 135
Serampore College, 24
Shah, Amjad Ali, 78
Shah, Muhammad Ali, 78
Shah, Wajid Ali, 79, 80
Sharar, Abdul Halim, history of Lucknow,
77
Sharma, Ram Charan (Vyakul), 26
Shetias, 115, 117
Shortrede, Robert, 66, 71, 99, 116
Shukla, Mathuranatha, 162
Siddhanta Darpana (Samanta Chandra
Sekhar), 162
Siddhanta Siromani (Bhaskara II), 124, 125,
155, 157, 182
Siddhanta Siromani Prakasa (Subaji Bapu),
125
Siddhantas, 1, 2, 5, 1819, 34, 118, 154,
155, 162, 188
Bal Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar and,
119, 127
C. Ragoonathachary and, 181, 182, 183,
184
Copernican cosmology and, 124, 154
European interest in, 18
Jai Singhs reform of, 39
Keru Laxman Chhatre and, 163
Lancelot Wilkinsons approach to, 111,
122, 124, 126
modern science and, 1245
Orientalists interest in, 14, 16
and Puranas, 1819, 124, 125, 1556
Samanta Chandra Sekhar and, 162
See also Siddhantic astronomy; Surya
Siddhanta
Siddhantic astronomy, 38, 42, 45, 124, 145,
189
See also Siddhantas
Sikdar, Radhanath, 8586, 923, 95, 97,
108, 161, 178, 190
and Calcutta observatory, 92, 93, 94, 96
and H. E. L. Tuilliers surveying manual,
92, 93
Simh, Maharaja Isvari Prasad Narayan, 170
Sinclair, R. S., 149
Sircar, D. C., 166, 167
Sivasundaram, Sujit, 6
Sketch of Operations in the Benares Sanskrit
College ( James Robert Ballantyne), 128
Sketch of the Solar System for the Use in
Schools, 124
Sleeman, W. A., 79
Smith, H. Scott, 136
Smyth, Ralph, 92
Smyth, William Henry, 69
Society for Promoting the Education of the
Poor, 114
solar astronomy, and photography, 177
solar eclipse expeditions, 172
C. Ragoonathachary and, 1778
European, 1767
James Francis Tennants report on, 180
Copyright
Index 267
Keru Laxman Chhatres contribution,
102, 180
Norman Pogson and, 1756, 178
state involvement in, 175
solar eclipses, 175, 1767, 178
and ancient Indian astronomy, 17
spectroscopy, 8, 172
and astronomy in India, 1767, 1801
Spottiswoode, William, 1578
Sprenger, A., 7980, 155
St Xaviers College, 1367
observatory, spectroscopic investigations
at, 1801
star catalogues, compilation of, 645
stone observatories of Jai Singh, 3941, 42
Strong Programme, of Edinburgh School, 10
Students Literary and Scientifc Society
(SLSS), 1201
survey(s), 578, 85
and astronomy, role of, 4, 38, 44, 62, 74,
86, 189
Calcutta observatory and, 59, 61
European reliance on Indians, 94
government support for, 589
Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS),
61, 92
H. E. L. Tuilliers manual on, Radhan-
ath Sikdars contribution, 92, 93
Indian role in, 189
See also Husain, Seid Mir Mohsin;
Sikdar, Radhanath
Surya Siddhanta, 20, 301, 70, 155, 156,
157, 161, 182
See also Siddhantas

Tables of Tirvalore, 30
Tacchini, Pietro, 180
tacit knowledge, concept of, 95, 189
Takhtasingji observatory, Poona, 181
Tamil astronomy, calendrical traditions, 32
Taylor, Tomas Glanville, 65, 67, 82, 90, 98
Temple, Richard, 180
Tennant, James Francis, 102, 175, 176, 183
report on solar eclipse expeditions,
1767, 180
Tuillier, H. E. L. 96, 97
manual on surveying, Radhanath Sik-
dars contribution, 92, 93
Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 160
time-telling instruments, 27, 29, 163
tols, 135
Topping, Michael, 43
trading zones, concept of, 95
Transactions of the Literary Society of Bom-
bay, 15, 48
Transactions of the Literary Society of Madras,
15
Transactions of the Medical and Physical
Society of Calcutta, 21, 22
Transit of Venus, 176, 180
C. Ragoonathacharys dialogue on, see
Te Transit of Venus, C. Ragoon-
athacharys dialogue on
European expeditions to India, 1767
Indian participation, 154, 172, 181
Jessica Ratclifs view, 181
state involvement in expeditions, 175
Te Transit of Venus, C. Ragoonathacharys
dialogue on, 1812, 183, 185
Trautmann, Tomas R., 29
Travancore, 80, 108
Raja of, 75, 77
Treatise on the Objects, Advantages and Pleas-
ures of Science (Lord Broughton), 102
Treatise on the Problems of Maxima and
Minima, A (Yesudas Ramchandra), 132
Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Te (H. H.
Risley), 164
Tribes and Castes of Bombay, Te (Reginald
E. Enthoven), 165
Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of
India, Te (Robert V. Russell), 165
Tribes and Castes of the North-Western
Provinces and Oudh, Te (William
Crooke), 165
Trivandrum observatory, 4, 8, 803
engagement between Europeans and
Indians, 75, 76
Indian assistants in, 812, 85
John Allan Broun and, 823, 84
magnetism and meteorology, contribu-
tion to, 83
Troughton, Edward, 59, 89
Troughton instrument makers, 51, 59, 87, 88
Tytler, John, 1312, 135
Copyright
268 Astronomy in India, 17841876
Unani medicine, 15, 21
Uttarayana, 33
vaids, 212
Van Helden, Albert, 45
Varahamihira, 2, 157, 158, 167
Vedadrisadasan, T., 142
Vedas, 185
antiquity of, debate regarding, 159, 160
Vencat-Juggarow, Goday, 91
vernacular languages, education in, 1201,
123
vernacular newspapers, 121
Victoria Memorial, Kolkata, 61
View of the History, Literature and Mythology
of the Hindoos, A (William Ward), 164
Viswanathan, Gauri, 144
Wacha, Dinshaw Edulji, 142, 175
Wadia, Ardaseer Cursetjeer, 117, 141
Wadia, Lowji Nusserwanji, 117
Wagoner, Phillip B., 94
Walker, Alexander, 19, 24, 166
dhruva bhrama yantra, description of, 27
horoscopes, views on, 25
Wallich, Nathaniel, 62
Ward, William, 24, 25, 164, 166
Warren, John, 32, 33, 44, 60, 90
water clock, and division of time, 26
Waterhouse, J., 177
Waterston, J. W., 71, 146
Waugh, Andrew Scott, 62, 89, 93
weather and astronomy, link between, 71
Wellesley, Lord, 58
and College of Fort William, 133
Western medicine and ancient Hindu phar-
macopeia, 21
Western/modern science, 4, 5, 6, 22
astrology and, 1712
astronomy as, 1, 3, 37, 38, 44
co-constructiveness and, 190, 1912
See also co-constructiveness
Indian agency and, 7, 189, 1901
Indian princes and, 76, 77
non-Western agency and, 191
and observatories, difusion through,
456, 74, 81, 85
See also observatories
rationalization of engagement with, 151,
1578, 163, 189
Siddhantas and, 1245
Western hegemony and Indian agency,
76, 1901
See also science
Whish, C. M., 17, 23
Whitbread, Samuel Charles, 69
Whitney, William Dwight, 15960
Wight, Robert, 912
Wilcox, Richard, 155
and Lucknow observatory, 789, 80
Wilford, Francis, 301
Wilkins, Charles, 501, 52, 122, 123
Wilkinson, Lancelot, 1228, 140, 145, 150,
154
and Agra School Book Society, 125,
1267
and Bapu Deva Sastri, 126, 130
and Bombay Group, 112, 122, 127
and James Robert Ballantyne, 1289
letters, 126
neo-Orientalist approach to astronomy,
112, 124, 125, 137, 149, 150
philosophical engagement with astron-
omy, 11112, 122, 126, 1278
and Sanskrit literati, 112, 125, 126, 127
Siddhantas, approach to, 111, 122, 124,
126
Wilson, H. H., 334, 157
Wilson, John, 103
Wise, James, 164
Wise, T. A., 21
Wood, Charles, 123
Worboys, Michael, 73
Yantraraja (Mathuranatha Shukla), 162
Young, Richard Fox, 190
Zij astronomy, 37, 38, 42, 45, 188
Zij-i Bahadurkhani, 131
Zij-i Muhammad Shahi, 39, 41, 131
zodiac stone relief sculptures, 171
Copyright