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Lab 2: Damped Torsional Oscillations 1

1. The document describes an experiment to measure the amplitude of a torsion pendulum over time for different currents applied to an eddy current brake, in order to determine the damping constant and coefficient. 2. Key steps involve measuring the amplitude A of the pendulum oscillations as a function of time t for currents I = 0.5A, I = 1A, and I = 1.5A. The damping constant δ is determined by fitting a plot of amplitude A versus time t, and used to calculate the logarithmic decrement ζ and damping coefficient b. 3. Safety notes and experimental procedure, theoretical background, sample calculations, and objectives are provided.

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144 views4 pages

Lab 2: Damped Torsional Oscillations 1

1. The document describes an experiment to measure the amplitude of a torsion pendulum over time for different currents applied to an eddy current brake, in order to determine the damping constant and coefficient. 2. Key steps involve measuring the amplitude A of the pendulum oscillations as a function of time t for currents I = 0.5A, I = 1A, and I = 1.5A. The damping constant δ is determined by fitting a plot of amplitude A versus time t, and used to calculate the logarithmic decrement ζ and damping coefficient b. 3. Safety notes and experimental procedure, theoretical background, sample calculations, and objectives are provided.

Uploaded by

NasirAbbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 2: DAMPED TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS

1 | P a g e
OBJECT:
1. Measure amplitude A of torsion pendulum as a function of time t for current I
= A! I = ."A and I = .#A.
". $etermine dampin% constant & &' fittin% t(e plot of Amplitude A )s. time t and
use it to determine dampin% coefficient & and lo%arit(mic decrement *
".1 +A,ET- .OTE+:
1. The current through the eddy current brake should not exceed 2 A for a long time.
2. Avoid overheating of the coils by measuring too long with large current I >1A.
3. o not touch buttons and knobs of motor and !ower su!!ly unnecessarily.
". #ake connections carefully and call teacher to check the connections before turning on
the !ower su!!ly.
"." E/0I1ME.T+2 3E/0I3EME.T+:
1. 1 Torsion $endulum
2. 1 $ower %u!!ly for Torsion $endulum
3. 1 %to! watch
". 1 Ammeter &max. 3A'(
). 1 'onnecting lead red )* cm
+. 1 'onnecting lead blue )* cm
".4 T5EO3-:
,or torsion !endulum- when no external tor.ue is a!!lied to the system then dam!ed oscillating
system is described by the differential e.uation as/
* 0
dt
d0
b
dt
0 d
1
2
2
= + + &1(
where J kg m
2
#oment of Inertia
b kg m
2
s
-1
rad
-1
am!ing 'oefficient
D N m rad
-1
Torsion 'oefficient or Torsion 'onstant
rad Angular dis!lacement or angle of rotation
Above e.uation can be written in standard form as/

* 0 2 0 23 0
2
4
= + +

&2(
where and
o
are dam!ing constant and natural fre.uency res!ectively and

21
b
3 =
and
1

2
o
=
In under dam!ed case when <
o
- solution of e.uation 2 is/

=

2 2
o
t
21
b
3 2 t cos Ae 0
5et
m
0 A = then

=
2 2
o
t3
m
3 2 t cos e 0 0

Applied Physics/Physics Eg!" Ra#sha $a%i#a
Lab 2: DAMPED TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS
2 | P a g e
if
2 2
o
3 2 2 =
then
( ) 2t cos e 0 0
t3
m

= &3(
,rom above e.uation- the am!litude 0 decrease ex!onentially by the factor e
63t
&see figure 3.1(
the factor 3T &t 7 T( is called the logarithmic decrement 89:.

T =
&"(
The oscillations only occur when the ex!ression for dam!ing de!endent angular fre.uency 8:
has the !ositive radical i.e. 3
2
;
o
2
i.e. the dam!ing tor.ue is less than the restoring tor.ue. In
this situation the system is said to be under dam!ed. In figure &2.2( the resulting motion is
re!resented by curve 8a:.
As dam!ing increases am!litude of oscillation decreases. <hen dam!ing constant 8b: reaches to
its critical value such that =b
c
/2J and =
0
then the system does not oscillate and is said to be
critically dam!ed. If the retarding tor.ue becomes greater then the restoring tor.ue i.e. >
0
. In
this case the system is said to be over dam!ed.
".# 3E,E3E.CE+:
1. 8$hysics: by =alliday >esnick and ?rane
2. 8,undamental of $hysics: by =alliday >esnick and <alker.
3. 8Text book of @lectrical Technology: by A.5.TheraBa
".6 TEC5.ICA7 $ATA:
1. 'haracteristic fre.uency/ a!!rox. *.) =C
2. <eight/ a!!rox. + kg
3. #oment of inertia/ a!!ox.3kgm
2
". %u!!ly voltage/ *62" D '
). #aximum eddy current/ 2 A
".8 $E+C3I1TIO.:

Applied Physics/Physics Eg!" Ra#sha $a%i#a
Lab 2: DAMPED TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS
& | P a g e
1. +cale rin%
". 1endulum &od'
&2a( !ointer for deflection-
&2b( !ointer for !hase relation-
&2c( coiled s!ring
4. E9citer
&3a( !ush rod
&3b( drive wheel for eccentric
#. Electroma%net for edd':current &ra;e
6. E9citer motor
&)a( coarse control for excitation voltage-
&)b( fine control for excitation voltage
".< E=1E3IME.TA7 +ET01:
".> 13OCE$03E:
1. #ake connections as shown in figure 2.".
2. %et the !ointer to the Cero on the scale by turning the drive wheel.
3. %et the eddy current I7*. #ove the !endulum to its limit !osition- and read off am!litude
A on the same side after every oscillationE measure the time 8t: for oscillations till it
achieves an e.uilibrium. Fse time8t: to determine the oscillation !eriod 8T:
". >e!eat the ex!eriment for I7*.2A and *."A. >ead off the am!litude A after every
oscillation.
). ,it the !lot am!litude 8A: &scd( Ds time8t: &sec( for I7*A and I7*."A. Fse the !lot to
determine dam!ing constant 8:- logarithmic decrement 8: and dam!ing coefficient 8b:.
".? OB+E3@ATIO.+:
,ill the given excel sheet and observe the gra!hs of Am!litude vs time for different voltages.
Attac( t(e s(eet Ait( 'our la& report.

Applied Physics/Physics Eg!" Ra#sha $a%i#a
Lab 2: DAMPED TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS
' | P a g e
".1 B3A15:
,it the !lot of am!litude versus time for free oscillation &for I7*A- I7*.2A- I7*."A( and
determine dam!ing constant 83: for each value of eddy current.
".11 CA7C07ATIO.+:
1. etermine Time $eriod 8T: for each case &for I 7 *A and I 7 *."A(. T7tGn
2. Ay fitting !lot of am!litude versus time dam!ing constant 83: is found to be-
i. ,or I 7 *A *r D 7 * Dolt- 3 7 HHHHHHHsec
61
ii. ,or I 7 *.2A or D 7 1Dolt- 3 7 HHHHHHHsec
61
iii. ,or I 7 *."A or D 7 2 Dolts- 3 7 HHHHHHHsec
61
3. etermine 5ogarithmic decrement 89: & for I 7 *A- I 7 *.2A and I 7 *."A(.
". 'alculate dam!ing coefficient 8b: &for I 7 *A- I 7 *.2A and I 7 *."A(. Take 1 7 3 kgm
2
.
".1" 3E+07T A.$ $I+C0++IO.:

Applied Physics/Physics Eg!" Ra#sha $a%i#a

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