Sunny Island Manual

SI45_60-eng-TB-TUS120812 | TBEN-SI6048US | Version 1.
2 US
Off-grid Inverter
SUNNY ISLAND 4548-US/6048-US
Technical description
SMA America, LLC Legal Restrictions
Technical description SI45_60-eng-TB-TUS120812 3
Copyright 2012 SMA America,LLC. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photographic, magnetic or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of SMA America,LLC.
SMA America, LLC doesnt make representations, express or implied, with respect to this
documentation or any of the equipment and/or software it may describe, including (with no limitation)
any implied warranties of utility, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. All such
warranties are expressly disclaimed. Neither SMA America,LLC nor its distributors or dealers nor
SMA Solar Technology Canada Inc. nor its distributors or dealers shall be liable for any indirect,
incidental, or consequential damages under any circumstances.
(The exclusion of implied warranties may not apply in all cases under some statutes, and thus the
above exclusion may not apply.)
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Every attempt has been made to make this
document complete, accurate and up-to-date. Readers are cautioned, however, that
SMAAmerica,LLC reserves the right to make changes without notice and shall not be responsible for
any damages, including indirect, incidental or consequential damages, caused by reliance on the
material presented, including, but not limited to, omissions, typographical errors, arithmetical errors or
listing errors in the content material.
All trademarks are recognized even if these are not marked separately. Missing designations do not
mean that a product or brand is not a registered trademark.
SMA America, LLC
3801 N. Havana Street
Denver, CO 80239 U.S.A.
Important Safety Instructions SMA America, LLC
4 SI45_60-eng-TB-TUS120812 Technical description
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
This manual contains important instructions for the following products:
Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US
This manual must be followed during installation and maintenance.
The Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US is designed and tested according to international safety
requirements, but as with all electrical and electronic equipment, certain precautions must be
observed when installing and/or operating the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US. To reduce the risk
of personal injury and to ensure the safe installation and operation of the Sunny Island 4548-US/
6048-US, you must carefully read and follow all instructions, cautions and warnings in this manual.
Warnings in this document
A warning describes a hazard to equipment or personnel. It calls attention to a procedure or practice,
which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all
of the SMA equipment and/or other equipment connected to the SMA equipment or personal injury.
DANGER
DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.
NOTICE
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to personal injury.
SMA America, LLC Important Safety Instructions
Other symbols in this document
In addition to the safety and hazard symbols described on the previous pages, the following symbol
is also used in this manual:
Markings on this product
The following symbols are used as product markings with the following meanings.
Information
This symbol accompanies notes that call attention to supplementary information that you
must know and use to ensure optimal operation of the system.
Warning regarding dangerous voltage
The product works with high voltages. All work on the product must only be performed
as described in the documentation of the product.
Electric arc hazards
The product has large electrical potential differences between its conductors. Arc flashes
can occur through air when high-voltage current flows. Do not work on the product
during operation.
Beware of hot surface
The product can become hot during operation. Do not touch the product during
operation.
Observe the operating instructions
Read the documentation of the product before working on it. Follow all safety
precautions and instructions as described in the documentation.
UL1741 is the standard applied by Underwriters Laboratories to the product to certify
that it meets the requirements of the NationalElectricalCode
and IEEE9292000.
IEEE 929-2000 provides recommendations regarding the proper equipment and
functionality necessary to ensure compatible operation when power generation is
connected to the utility grid.
General Warnings SMA America, LLC
General warnings
General warnings
All electrical installations must be done in accordance with the local and
NationalElectrical Code
ANSI/NFPA 70 or the Canadian Electrical Code

CSAC22.1. This document does not and is not intended to replace any local, state,
provincial, federal or national laws, regulation or codes applicable to the installation and
use of the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US, including without limitation applicable
electrical safety codes. All installations must conform with the laws, regulations, codes and
standards applicable in the jurisdiction of installation. SMA assumes no responsibility for
the compliance or noncompliance with such laws or codes in connection with the
installation of the product.
The Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US contains no user-serviceable parts. For all repair and
maintenance, always return the unit to an authorized SMA Service Center.
Before installing or using the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US, read all of the instructions,
cautions, and warnings in this manual.
Before connecting the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US to the electrical utility grid, contact
the local utility company. This connection must be made only by qualified personnel.
Wiring of the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US must be made by qualified personnel only.
SMA America, LLC Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Information on this Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.1 Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2 Target group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 The Sunny Island 4548US/6048US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 At a glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Scope of Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 Required Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.5 Identifying the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1 Important Notes Regarding Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Potential Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1 Selecting the Mounting Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Mounting the Sunny Island with the Wall Mounting Bracket . . 32
4.2.1 Mounting the Sunny Boy on a Stone Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.2 Mounting the Sunny Boy Using Wall Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5 Opening and Closing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.1 Opening the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 Closing the Sunny Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table of Contents SMA America, LLC
6 Electrical Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6.1 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.2 DC terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.2.1 Safety Precautions/Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.2.2 Cable Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.2.3 Line Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2.4 Connecting the Sunny Island on the DC Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.3 AC Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.3.1 Line Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.3.2 AC1 (Loads/Sunny Boys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.3.3 AC2 (Generator/Grid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.4 Additional Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.4.1 Battery temperature sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.4.2 Battery current sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.4.3 Communication for Multidevice Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.4.4 Multifunction Relay 1 and 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.4.5 BatVtgOut Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.4.6 DigIn Digital Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.5 Interface for External Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.5.1 Connection of the Interface for External Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7 Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7.1 Display Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.2 DC miniature circuitbreaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.3 Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.4 Meaning of the Light Emitting Diodes (LED's) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.5 SD card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8 Initial Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
8.1 Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
8.2 Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG). . . . . . . . . . . . 67
8.3 Commissioning the Current Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9 Switching On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
9.1 Switching On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
9.2 Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
9.3 Switching Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.4 Disconnecting the Device from Voltage Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.5 Reactivating the Device Following Automatic Shutdown . . . . . 75
10 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
10.1 Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
10.2 Changing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
10.3 Direct Access Direct Access to the Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10.4 Compact Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10.5 Entering the Installer Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
10.6 Display Messages (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
10.7 Parameter Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
10.8 Display of Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
10.9 Display of Warnings and Failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
11 Archiving Data on an SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
11.1 Inserting the SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
11.2 Removing the SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
11.3 Saving and Loading Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
11.4 Writing Log Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
11.5 Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
11.6 Updating the firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
12 Additional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
12.1 Load Shedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
12.2 Sleep mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
12.3 TimeControlled Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
12.4 Overload and ShortCircuit Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
12.5 Mixed operation with Sunny Islands of different powers . . . . 104
12.6 Device Faults and Autostart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
12.7 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
12.8 TimeControlled Standby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
12.9 Behavior in the event of a fault in a 3phase system. . . . . . . . 106
13 Battery Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
13.1 Battery Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
13.2 Start Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
13.3 State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) . . . . . . . . 108
13.4 Charge Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
13.4.1 Boost Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
13.4.2 Full Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
13.4.3 Equalization Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
13.4.4 Manual equalization charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
13.4.5 Silent Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
13.5 Battery Preservation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
13.6 Battery Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
13.7 Battery Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
14 Connecting External Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
14.1 Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
14.1.1 Connecting in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
14.1.2 Generator Start Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
14.1.3 Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
14.1.4 Manual Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
14.1.5 Automatic Generator Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
14.1.6 Limits and Power Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
14.1.7 Run Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
14.1.8 Operation Together with PV Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
14.1.9 Stopping the Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
14.1.10 Stopping the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
14.1.11 Interferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
14.2 Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
14.2.1 Limits of the voltage range and frequency range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
14.2.2 Starting the Sunny Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
14.2.3 Operation in the event of grid failure in a gridtie backup configuration . . 130
14.2.4 Backup Operation and Antiislanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
14.2.5 Grid Reconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
14.2.6 Grid operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
14.2.7 Grid Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
14.2.8 Interferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
14.2.9 Limits and Power Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
14.2.10 Operation Together with PV Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
14.3 Generator and Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
15 Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
16 Multicluster operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
16.1 Communication between the Sunny Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
16.2 Initial Startup of the Multicluster System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
16.3 Switching a Multicluster System On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.3.1 Activation / Startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.3.2 Stopping and Switching Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.4 Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
16.5 Behavior with Different Charge States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
16.6 Testing Multicluster communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
16.7 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16.8 Updating the firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16.9 Error Handling in a Multicluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16.10 Grid operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16.11 Generator Emergency Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
17 PV Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
17.1 Connection to the Standalone Grid (protected loads panel). 148
17.2 Setting of the Off Grid Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
17.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
17.4 Sunny Boy Parameter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
17.5 Frequency Shift Power Control (FSPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
18 Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.1 Enclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.2 Cleaning the Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.3 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.4 Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.5 Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
18.6 Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
19 Parameter lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
19.1 Display Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
19.1.1 Inverter Meters (110#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
19.1.2 Battery Meters (120#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
19.1.3 External Meters (130#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
19.1.4 Charge Controller (140#)(not ULcertified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
19.2 Adjustable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
19.2.1 Inverter Settings (210#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
19.2.2 Battery Settings (220#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
19.2.3 External Settings (230#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
19.2.4 Relay Settings (240#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
19.2.5 System Settings (250#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
19.2.6 Password Setting (280#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
19.3 Diagnosis (300#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
19.3.1 Inverter Diagnosis (310#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
19.3.2 Battery Diagnosis (320#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
19.3.3 External Diagnosis (330#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
19.4 Events, Warnings and Errors (History) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
19.4.1 Failure / Event (400#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
19.5 Functions in Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
19.5.1 Operation (500#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
19.6 Direct Access to the parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
19.6.1 Direct Access (600#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
20 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
20.1 Failure Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
20.2 Autostart Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
20.3 MasterSlave Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
20.4 Handling Pending Failures During the Booting Procedure . . . 202
20.5 Display of Failures and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
20.6 Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
20.6.1 Category INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
20.6.2 Category BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
20.6.3 Category GEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
20.6.4 GRD Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
20.6.5 Category REL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
20.6.6 Category SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
20.7 Failure Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
20.8 Warnings and Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
20.8.1 Category INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
20.8.2 Category BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
20.8.3 Category EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
20.8.4 Category GEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
20.8.5 GRD Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
20.8.6 Category RLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
20.8.7 Category SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
20.8.8 AUX Category. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
20.9 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
20.10 What to Do during Emergency Charge Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
21 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
22 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
22.1 Sunny Island 4548US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
22.2 Sunny Island 6048US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
23 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
24 Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
SMA America, LLC Information on this Manual
1Information on this Manual
1.1Validity
This manual applies to the following offgrid inverters with a firmware version of or above 6.0:
Sunny Island 4548US (SI 4548US10)
Sunny Island 6048US (SI 6048US10)
Keep this manual in a convenient place for future reference.
1.2Target group
This manual is for electrically qualified persons. A trained electrically qualified person has received
sufficient training and has knowledge of the design and function of the device and has demonstrable
practical experience of mounting, connecting and commissioning of the device. An electrically
qualified person is trained to deal with the dangers and hazards involved in installing electrical
systems.
1.3Additional Information
You will find further information on special topics such as selecting and using PV inverters in offgrid
systems in the download area at www.SMAAmerica.com.
1.4Terminology
In this document SMA Solar Technology America, LLC is referred to in the following as SMA.
The syntax specified here for menus and parameters applies throughout the entire manual:
Menu: Menu number, hash and menu name (150# Compact Meters)
Parameter: Menu number, dot, parameter number and parameter name (150.01 GdRmgTm)
The Sunny Island 4548US/6048US SMA America, LLC
2The Sunny Island 4548US/6048US
2.1Properties
The Sunny Island is a bidirectional inverter (battery inverter and charger) for offgrid systems. The
Sunny Island supplies consumers on the standalone grid side and charges battery banks with the
energy from gridfeeding units connected on the AC side.
The comfortable support of AC and DC coupling, as well as the expandability of the systems formed
with the Sunny Island guarantee highest flexibility. In addition, innovative technology allows the
Sunny Island to achieve a maximum efficiency of more than 95%. Optimized for partial load
operation, it impresses with low opencircuit and standby consumption. Due to the high overload
capabilities and the integrated output management, there is no need to oversize the Sunny Island.
The operation of up to 3 devices in a 1phase parallel system, of 3 devices in a 3phase system or of
up to 4 devices in a double splitphase system enables the Sunny Island to establish offgrid power
supply systems with a power of between 2 kW ... 24 kW. In Multicluster systems, powers of up to as
much as 100 kW are possible. Thanks to its sophisticated generator management, the Sunny Island
can control connected diesel generators in a particularly lowstress and fuelsaving manner. The
power distribution grid can also be integrated. The Sunny Island can also deactivate loads
automatically if the battery does not provide sufficient electrical energy.
The standalone grid's critical component, the battery, is monitored diligently and optimally utilized.
The intelligent battery management precisely records the battery's state of charge. This makes
possible an improved utilization of the battery capacity, which also means that smaller and thus more
costeffective batteries can be used without affecting performance.
In order to prevent premature aging caused by incorrect charging and frequent deep discharge, the
Sunny Island has an intelligent charge control and reliable deep discharge protection. Thanks to these
functions, the battery life can be greatly extended in comparison with simpler devices.
Despite its complex functioning, the Sunny Island is easy to configure. All the settings required for
operation can be quickly and easily programmed in a few steps using the "Quick Configuration
Guide". By employing the concept of central operation referred to as "Single Point of Operation", the
system/cluster parameters are only set on the master device, and all other devices automatically
adopt the configuration. The easytounderstand menu navigation allows quick access to all important
data, even while the system is running. An SD card provides uncomplicated system control, and thus
facilitates any service work.
The Sunny Island monitors the set voltage and frequency limits on the grid and generator. If these limits
are not observed, it disconnects from the external source without interruption and changes to
standalone grid operation.
Saving Data and Events
Always use the SD card to save data and events. In case of a failure SMA can thus help
you quickly.
SMA America, LLC The Sunny Island 4548US/6048US
The Sunny Island also has an integrated Antiislanding feature which stops the production of electricity
when the grid goes down. If this process is triggered, the system also completely changes to
standalone mode without interruption.
The Sunny Island can be integrated into different system constellations. The following graphics show
the Sunny Island's system components and the different wiring options
(1phase / 1phase parallel, splitphase and 3phase).
Components of a Sunny Island System
1Phase System, 120 Vac, up to 6 kW:
4.5 kW with SI 4548US10
6 kW with SI 6048US10
1Phase Parallel System, 120 Vac, up to 18 kW:
Maximum 3 Sunny Islands of the types SI 4548US10/5048U/6048US10.
The various types can be combined in any permutation.
SplitPhase System, 240 Vac, up to 12 kW
2 Sunny Islands of the types SI 4548US10/5048U/6048US10. The various types can be
combined in any permutation.
3Phase System, 120 / 208 Vac, up to 18 kW
3 Sunny Islands of the types SI 4548US10/5048U/6048US10. The various types can be
combined in any permutation.
Double SplitPhase System, 240 Vac, up to 24 kW
4 Sunny Islands of the types SI 4548US10/5048U/6048US10. Sunny Islands of the same type
must be installed within a phase. L1 and L2 may be installed with different types
(e.g.: L1 with 2 x SI 4548US10 und L2 with 2 x SI 6048US10).
SMA Multicluster Technology
You will find all other information on SMA Multicluster Technology for up to
12 Sunny Island 4548US/5048 U/6048US and up to 100 kW power in the
Multicluster Box manual.
2.2At a glance
The following figure provides an overview of all control elements and connections of the Sunny Island:
Position Description
A Display
B LEDs showing device operation
C Control buttons
D Slot for the SD card
E Opening for the additional connections area (insertion of the cables via conduits)
F Connection area for additional connections
G Opening for the additional connections area (insertion of the cables via conduits)
H Rubber connection block for the additional connections area
(insertion of the cable without conduits)
I DC connection area
K Opening for the DC connection area
(insertion of DC+, DCand the grounding conductor).
L Opening for AC2 connection (insertion of the line L, N and PE)
M AC connection area
N Opening for AC1 connection (insertion of the line L, N and PE)
O DC miniature circuitbreaker
2.3Scope of Delivery
Check that the delivery is complete. Check the packaging and the Sunny Island for externally visible
damage.
Contact your supplier in case of damage to the packaging. Please contact your dealer if you find any
damage to the Sunny Island or if the delivery is incomplete.
Keeping the packaging
Keep the packaging in case you need to return the inverter or its accessories.
Position Quantity Designation
A 1 Sunny Island
B 1 Wall mounting bracket
C 2 Ventilation grid
D 1 Battery temperature sensor
E 2 Fillerplug
F 2 Counter nut for fillerplug
G 1 RJ45 cable, black
H 1 Silicone tube
I 1 Rubber plugs for feedthrough of one cable
K 2 Rubber plugs for feedthrough of 2 cables
L 1 SD card
A B C D E F
G I L H K
M N
R S
O P Q
2.4Required Tools and Resources
The following tools and materials are required in order to mount and install the
Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US:
M 2 M6x10 hexagonal screws and split lock washers for connecting
the Sunny Island to the wall mounting bracket.
N 1 Technical description
O 1 Test Report
P 2 4pole print terminal for connecting the battery temperature and
current sensors
Q 2 3pole print terminal for connecting relays 1 and 2
R 1 RS485 PiggyBack (optional)
S 1 RJ45 cable, white (optional)
Tools (not included in scope of delivery)
Cable knife
Combination pliers
Crimping tool for bootlace ferrules (suitable for cable crosssections up to 3/0AWG)
Diagonal cutting pliers
Drill
Drill bit (e.g. for masonry or wood), fastener
3
/
8
in. or 10 mm
Flathead screwdriver
3
32
in. (2.5 mm)
Flathead screwdriver SZS 1.0 x 6.5
Hexagonsocket wrench
1
8
in. bis
5
16
in. (3 mm to 8 mm)
Multimeter
Openend/box wrenches or socket wrenches in the sizes 10/19/24/30
Phillips screwdriver, PH1 and PH2
Spirit level
Torque wrench 4 ftlbs. 21 ftlbs. (6 Nm 28 Nm) with Hex socket screwdriver bits of the sizes
3
16
in. (5 mm) and
3
8
in. (10 mm)
Torque wrench 5 inlbs. 22 inlbs. (0.56 Nm 2.5 Nm) with flathead screwdriver bit of the size
3
32
in. (2.5 mm) and SZS 1.0 x 6.5
Insulation stripping tool
Position Quantity Designation
2.5Identifying the Sunny Island
Identify the Sunny Island by the serial number (Serial No.) and the device type (Type) on the type
label. The type label is on the righthand side of the enclosure.
Material (not included in scope of delivery)
Cable tie
Heatshrink tubing
Hexagon screws,
5
/
16
in. x 2
3
/
8
in. (8 mm x 60 mm)
Washers
Screw anchor for the wall mounting bracket (e.g. SX 10)
Bootlace ferrules appropriate for the selected cable
(see section 6Electrical Connection (page38))
SMA America, LLC Safety Instructions
3Safety Instructions
3.1Important Notes Regarding Operation
Follow all operating and safety precautions in this manual. If these instructions are ignored, a
significant danger of injury or death arises and damage to the device, system or plant may also result.
Carefully read the safety instructions before installing and commissioning the device. Store the manual
at an easily accessible location.
DANGER
Danger to life due to high voltages in the Sunny Island. Risk of death or serious injury due
to electric shock.
All work on the Sunny Island must only be carried out by electrically skilled persons.
Work on the Sunny Island should only be carried out as described in this manual.
All listed safety instructions must be observed.
NOTICE
Destruction of the Sunny Island due to parallel connection of Sunny Island inverters which
are set to different grid voltages.
Do not connect a Sunny Island in parallel if its grid voltage is set to different values.
NOTICE
Batteries may be destroyed due to deep discharge.
The selfconsumption of the Sunny Island discharges the battery. In standby mode, this load
is about 4 W and about 25 W in idle mode.
If you install the Sunny Island and do not wish to use it immediately,
switch the Sunny Island off (see section9.3Switching Off (page75)).
If you want to decommission the Sunny Island for a long period,
switch the Sunny Island off (see section 9.3Switching Off (page75)).
Connection Requirements
Be sure to observe all valid regional standards and guidelines.
Safety Instructions SMA America, LLC
3.2Potential Hazards
DANGER
Electric shock through contact with live component parts. Death or serious injuries.
In order to ensure sufficient protection against contact, comply with the following under
consideration of the manual:
Ensure that the Sunny Island is correctly mounted.
Ensure that the Sunny Island is properly grounded.
Ensure that all connections are correctly made.
Ensure that the enclosure lid is firmly closed.
DANGER
Danger to life due to high voltages in the standalone grid. Risk of death or serious injury
due to electric shock.
The Sunny Island can start on its own.
Before working on the standalone grid, disconnect all sources of AC and DC power.
DANGER
Death hazard if the Sunny Island is used to supply energy to lifesustaining medical devices.
The Sunny Island was not developed to power lifesustaining medical devices.
Do not use the Sunny Island in systems in which a power outage might result in
personal injury.
NOTICE
Destruction of the Sunny Island if installed in improper locations.
The Sunny Island is only suited for indoor installation and corresponds to degree of
protection NEMA 1 (IP30, or IP40 with inserted SD card).
Do not expose the Sunny Island to humidity, rain or direct sunlight.
SMA America, LLC Mounting
4Mounting
4.1Selecting the Mounting Location
DANGER
Danger of death if installed in improper locations. Death or serious burns.
Despite careful construction, electrical devices can cause fires.
Do not mount the Sunny Island on flammable construction materials.
Do not mount the Sunny Island near highly flammable materials.
Do not mount the Sunny Island in potentially explosive areas.
CAUTION
Risk of injury through contact with hot enclosure parts during operation. Burns to the body.
Mount the inverter in such a way that the enclosure cannot be touched inadvertently.
CAUTION
Risk of injury due to the Sunny Island falling during transport or mounting. Physical injury
(fractures or crushing) and damage to the Sunny Island.
Consider the Sunny Island's weight of 139 lb. (63 kg).
Use the recessed grips or steel bars for transporting and mounting.
Overheating of the Sunny Island due to close proximity to other Sunny Island
inverters in areas with high ambient temperatures.
If several inverters have been installed in areas with high ambient temperatures, the
independent cooling of individual inverters needs to be guaranteed.
If needed, increase the distance between the individual inverters and provide enough fresh
air to ensure the optimal operation of the inverters.
The Sunny Island switches itself off automatically in the event of overtemperature.
Mounting SMA America, LLC
Observe the following conditions during mounting:
The mounting location and method must be suitable for the Sunny Island's weight and
dimensions.
Mount on a solid surface.
The mounting location must be accessible at all times.
The ambient temperature must be between 13F ( 25C) and 140F (+60C).
Do not expose the Sunny Island to direct sunlight, so as to avoid power reduction due to
excessive heating.
Mount the Sunny Island in such way that the display is at eye level in order to allow the
operating state to be read at all times.
Mount vertically or tilted backwards by max. 45.
Never mount the device with a forward tilt.
Do not mount in a horizontal position.
The connection area may not point upwards.
The room air can have a humidity of up to 100%, but this must not be condensing.
In a living area, do not mount the unit on
plasterboard walls, etc. in order to avoid audible
vibrations.
The Sunny Island can make noises when in use
which can be considered a nuisance when installed
in a living area.
Maintain the minimum distances to walls, other
devices and objects as represented in the
illustration. In order to maintain sufficient
ventilation, when installing the Sunny Island a
minimum clearance of 12 in. (30 cm) at the sides
and top must be maintained. Operation and
reading are made easier by installing the Sunny
Island with its display at eye level, and by keeping
a distance of 20 in. (50 cm) from the front.
All external cables are connected through the
underside of the enclosure. Therefore a minimum
clearance of 20 in (50 cm) must be observed here.
4.2Mounting the Sunny Island with the Wall Mounting Bracket
4.2.1Mounting the Sunny Boy on a Stone Wall
1. Place the wall mounting bracket against a suitable wall for mounting and align using a level.
Mark the position of the drill holes using the wall mounting bracket. When doing this, use at
least 1 hole on the left side and 1 hole on the right side of the wall mounting bracket.
2. Check the mounting location for current carrying lines. If there are currentcarrying cables at the
mounting location, select a different mounting location.
3. Drill holes on the markings for them.
4. Secure the wall mounting bracket to the wall using
appropriate screws and washers. Tighten the
screws in a clockwise direction.
CAUTION
Risk of injury due to the Sunny Island falling. Physical injury (fractures or crushing) and
damage to the Sunny Island.
If mounting onto a stone wall, ensure that the wall can carry the weight of the
Sunny Island.
If mounting onto a wooden wall with studs, ensure that the wall mounting bracket is
firmly connected with all studs and that the studs can carry the weight of the
Sunny Island.
CAUTION
Risk of injury due to the Sunny Island falling during transport or mounting. Physical injury
(fractures or crushing) and damage to the Sunny Island.
Consider the Sunny Island's weight of 139 lb. (63 kg).
Use the recessed grips or steel bars for transporting and mounting.
5. Attach the Sunny Island to the wall mounting
bracket.
6. Screw the Sunny Island to the wall mounting
bracket on both sides using the screws (M6x10)
provided. Tighten the screws clockwise.
7. Make sure that the device is securely in place.
8. Close the recessed grips with the fan grills
provided. To help you identify the sides, the
ventilation grids are marked with "links/left" and
"rechts/right" on the inside.
The Sunny Island is mounted using the wall mounting bracket.
4.2.2Mounting the Sunny Boy Using Wall Studs
If the Sunny Island is to be mounted on wall studs, then
use the holes in the wall mounting bracket as shown in the
figures. Ensure that the wall mounting bracket is
positioned at least over one wall stud. Note that the wall
mounting bracket is designed to mount on a single wall
stud or on 2 wall studs. When mounting to wall studs use
a minimum of four
5
/
16
in. lag screws with a minimum
length of 2 in. (50 mm).
If two or more Sunny Island inverters have to be installed,
mount the inverters on two studs each in order to get
better cooling. Make sure that the wall where you intend
to install the Sunny Island is vertical and can carry the
weight of the Sunny Island (139 Ibs, 63 kg) on a
longterm basis.
Otherwise proceed as per the mounting on a stone wall (see section 4.2.1Mounting the Sunny Boy
on a Stone Wall (page33)).
CAUTION
Risk of injury due to the Sunny Island falling. Physical injury (fractures or crushing) and
damage to the Sunny Island.
If mounting onto a stone wall, ensure that the wall can carry the weight of the
Sunny Island.
If mounting onto a wooden wall with studs, ensure that the wall mounting bracket is
firmly connected with all studs and that the studs can carry the weight of the
Sunny Island.
Opening and Closing SMA America, LLC
5Opening and Closing
The enclosure of the Sunny Island has a removable lid. Remove the enclosure lid only when installing
the device or for required maintenance or repair work.
5.1Opening the Sunny Island
1. Stop the Sunny Island (see section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) (page74)).
2. Disconnect the Sunny Island from voltage sources (see section 9.4Disconnecting the Device
from Voltage Sources (page75)).
3. Ensure that the system cannot be accidentally switched on again.
4. Loosen all 6 screws on the enclosure lid and set
them aside.
5. Remove the lid and set it aside.
The Sunny Island is open.
WARNING
to electric shock.
Wait 15 minutes before opening the Sunny Island, until its capacitors are discharged.
SMA America, LLC Opening and Closing
5.2Closing the Sunny Island
1. Place the enclosure lid onto the enclosure and
fasten with the 6 screws and the corresponding
washers in the sequence depicted on the right.
Tighten the screws to a torque of 53 inlbs. (6 Nm).
2. Commission the Sunny Island as described in section 9.1Switching On (page73)
The Sunny Island is closed and in operation.
DANGER
Electric shock due to live enclosure lid. Death or serious injuries.
The grounding of the lid is ensured by the toothed washers.
Fasten the washers for all 6 screws with the toothing facing toward the enclosure lid.
Electrical Connection SMA America, LLC
6Electrical Connection
All cables are fed through the openings on the bottom side of the device (see next illustration) and
connected to the appropriate connection terminals on the Sunny Island.
Use conduits to install the cables on the DC side and on the AC on the Sunny Island. Conduits ensure
the dust and water tight mounting of the lines on the enclosure and also serve as a strainrelief of the
lines at the connection. Close all unused openings in the enclosure using the appropriate fillerplugs.
Use the provided terminal blocks to connect the cables inside the Sunny Island enclosure in a manner
conforming to the appropriate standards.
Obtain an overview of the different components and connection areas of the Sunny Island, see section
2.2At a glance (page22)).
Refer to the table below for the appropriate torque values and wire sizes.
Terminal Torque Cable Size Cable type
DC connections 21 ftlbs. (28 Nm) AWG6 AWG3/0
(16mm 95mm)
Only use copper
conductors. The cable is
approved for at least
167F (75C).
AC connections 22 inlbs. (2.5 Nm) AWG 4 (25 mm) Only use copper
167F (75C).
SMA America, LLC Electrical Connection
An overview of the different components and their connection areas of the Sunny Island 4548-US/
6048-US can be found in section 2.2At a glance (page22).
Detailed installation descriptions of the connections are provided in the following sections:
Grounding (section 6.5Interface for External Communication (page61))
DC connection (section 6.2DC terminal (page42))
AC connection (section 6.3AC Connection (page46))
Battery temperature sensor (section 6.4.1Battery temperature sensor (page51))
Battery current sensor (section 6.4.2Battery current sensor (page52))
Communication for multidevice connection (section 6.4.3Communication for Multidevice
Connection (page55))
Multifunction relay 1 and 2 (section 6.4.4Multifunction Relay 1 and 2 (page56))
External communication (section 6.5Interface for External Communication (page61))
Additional Connections 5 inlbs. 7 inlbs.
(0.56 Nm 0.79 Nm)
AWG 30 AWG 12
(0.05 mm 4 mm)
Only use copper
167F (75C).
Terminal Torque Cable Size Cable type
6.1Grounding
WARNING
Risk of lethal electric shock.
Fuse the subdistribution of the generator or the power distribution grid at input AC2
of the Sunny Island with an overcurrent protective device (Branch Circuit Protection).
Ensure that the overcurrent protective device complies with the specifications of the
National Electrical Code
, ANSI/NFPA 70
Use an overcurrent protective device for a maximum 70 A.
WARNING
Risk of lethal electric shock due to faulty grounding.
To allow different types of grounding, the N connection of the Sunny Island is
NOT connected to PE at the factory. However, since a connection between N and PE is
required for correct operation, this must be done outside of the device.
Before commissioning, connect the Sunny Island 4548US/6048US and all other
components of the standalone grid to a grounded grid.
Take the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, and all locally applicable
standards and regulations into consideration.
External grounding of the negative pole of the battery
External grounding of the negative pole of the batteries is possible, because the batteries
and the grid side are galvanically insulated within the Sunny Island.
Dimension the crosssection of the protective conductor sufficiently. Thus you are
ensuring that in the event of a fault the high currents occurring can be discharged with
an external grounding.
If grounding of the negative pole of the battery is necessary, assemble this outside of
the Sunny Island.
Connecting the grounding conductor
1. Install a conduit with a diameter of 1
1
/
2
in. (38.1 mm) at the opening in the center of the
Sunny Island. Attach the conduit in the inside of the Sunny Island using the appropriate nut.
2. Pull the cabling through the supply line from the inside of the distribution board into the
enclosure of the Sunny Island.
3. Strip the insulation of the grounding conductor.
4. Plug the grounding conductor into the DC connection block for grounding and tighten the
fastening screw to a torque of 21 ftlbs. (28 Nm). Use a hexagonsocket wrench of
5
/
16
in.
(8mm) for this.
The grounding conductor is connected.
Calculating the crosssection of a grounding conductor
SMA cannot state generally valid values for the crosssection of the grounding conductor required for
the external grounding of the battery. The cable dimensions depend on the type and size of the
battery connected, the external fuse (DC side) and the material used in the grounding cable.
Calculating the Required Grounding Conductor Crosssection According to
Applicable Standards
An exact calculation of the grounding conductor crosssection must take account of the
regionally applicable standards and guidelines
(e.g National Electric Code
Article 250.122).
6.2DC terminal
6.2.1Safety Precautions/Conditions
Connect a suitable battery to the DC side (see section 22Technical Data (page221)).
The DC connection must be made in accordance with all local valid guidelines and regulations.
6.2.2Cable Dimensioning
NOTICE
Function impairments of devices on the DC busbar.
The Sunny Island is not suitable for use with DC supply grids. Function impairment can
occur on devices installed on the DC side of a Sunny Island with cables exceeding 98 ft.
(30 m) and with a flexible connection.
Only use fixed installations.
Do not use cables of lengths greater than 98 ft. (30 m) between the Sunny Island
and the battery and/or DC device.
WARNING
Danger to life through chemical burns in the event of leaking acid.
Acid can escape in the event of improper handling of the battery.
Observe all safety indications and warnings provided by the battery manufacturer.
Use special (insulated) tools to mount and install the battery.
Provide sufficient ventilation in the room in which the batteries are. When gasses are
produced by the batteries, these cannot be allowed to collect.
Keep the lines to the battery as short as possible.
The battery cables should be as short as possible. Long cables and insufficient cable
diameters reduce the system efficiency as well as the overload capabilities. Do not lay the
battery lead under plaster or in armored plastic pipes.
Selection of the cable crosssection
SMA recommends choosing cable crosssections greater than those given by National
Electrical Code
310.15 in the case of cable lengths exceeding 32.8 ft (10 m).

Example for Cable Sizing
With a 48 V battery voltage and an outgoing AC power of 4 500 W, a current of up to 100 A flows
through the SI 4548US10 battery cable. At the same battery voltage and an outgoing AC power of
6 000 W, a current of up to 130 A flows through the battery cable of the SI 6048US10.
The current flowing through the battery line causes a power loss and a voltage drop with every meter
of plain battery cable. You can use the following table to find the power loss and voltage drop
associated with different cable crosssections.
Example:
For a 33 ft. (10 m) distance between the Sunny Island and the battery, at least 66 ft. (20 m) of line
is needed (distance there and back). Using a crosssection of AWG 2/0 (70 mm), 100 A (nominal
current of the battery) causes a power loss of 120 W in total and an effective voltage drop of 0.9 V.
Calculation of the averaged nominal current of the battery
You can calculate the averaged nominal current of the connected battery using the following formula:
I
Bat
= Nominal current of the battery
P
AC
= AC power of the inverter
U
Bat
= Nominal voltage of the battery
INV
= inverter efficiency at a given AC power
Cable crosssection Power loss Voltage drop
AWG 2/0 (70 mm) 1.8 W/ft. (6 W/m) 14 mV/ft. (45 mV/m)
AWG 3/0 (95 mm) 1.4 W/ft. (4.7 W/m) 11 mV/ft (35 mV/m)
6.2.3Line Fuse
The DC miniature circuitbreaker in the Sunny Island can interrupt DC currents of up to 10 kA.
In addition to the internal DC miniature circuitbreakers, install a separate, external fuse as close as
possible to the battery. Install a fuse link for the fuse suitable for the maximum occurring DC currents.
6.2.4Connecting the Sunny Island on the DC Side
Requirements
1 conduit with a diameter of 1
1
/
2
in. (38.1 mm) is installed at the opening in the middle of the
Sunny Island (see section 6.1Grounding (page40)).
The conduit is attached inside the Sunny Island with a suitable nut.
Installing the DC connection
1. Pull the positive DC cable through the conduit from the distribution board into the enclosure of
the Sunny Island.
2. Pull the negative DC cable through the conduit from the distribution board into the enclosure of
the Sunny Island.
3. Remove the coating.
4. Strip the insulation from the DC cables.
DANGER
Electric shock resulting from insufficient protection of the DC lines. Death or serious burns.
Check whether external line protection is present.
If no external line protection is present, observe the following:
Lay the DC cables so that ground faults and shortcircuits cannot occur.
Install an additional currentlimiting fuse outside of the Sunny Island.
When doing so, observe all applicable local standards and guidelines.
WARNING
Risk of lethal electric shock.
Connect the external fuse and the battery cable to the battery only after all
installation work has been completed.
5. Plug the negative DC lines into the "DC" connection block and tighten the fastening screw to
a torque of 21 ftlbs. (28 Nm). Use a hexagonsocket wrench of
5
/
16
in. (8 mm) for this.
6. Plug the positive DC lines in to the "DC+" connection block and tighten the fastening screw to a
torque of 21 ftlbs. (28 Nm). Use a hexagonsocket wrench of
5
/
16
in. (8 mm) for this.
DC connection area
The areas between the stripped line and the connection area must be clean. This ensures
that the transition resistance and the heating of the terminal points is reduced.
The Sunny Island has a DC connection for a maximum 3/0 AWG for DC+, DC and PE.
DC cables
Do not connect any other components to the DC cables. Other components must be
connected directly to the battery via separate cables.
6.3AC Connection
6.3.1Line Fuse
You must connect the Sunny Island via a subdistribution to the standalone grid and any external
source present.
Fit the subdistribution with appropriate miniature circuitbreakers and observe all locally applicable
standards and guidelines.
Fitting the subdistribution with miniature circuitbreakers
The subdistribution must be equipped with appropriate circuit breakers. Observe all locally
applicable standards and guidelines.
Maximum permissible input current
The maximum input current allowed on the Sunny Island is 56 A. Higher input currents must
not be connected to the Sunny Island.
No allpole isolator on the Sunny Island
The Sunny Island is not equipped with an allpole isolator. The neutral conductor
(N conductor) is looped through the device and the N terminals of AC1 and AC2 are
connected inside the Sunny Island.
6.3.2AC1 (Loads/Sunny Boys)
The subdistribution of the standalone grid (e.g. consumer, PV inverter, wind power inverter) is to be
connected to output AC1 of the Sunny Island.
If you want to secure individual load circuits in a 120 V grid separately, install miniature
circuitbreakers and fuses with a rated current of no more than 20 A.
If larger miniature circuitbreakers are used, or miniature circuitbreakers that blow more slowly, the
Sunny Island cannot trip them.
Cable lengths in 1phase, parallel, splitphase, double splitphase and 3phase
systems
The AC lines between the Sunny Island and the subdistribution of a system must have the
same cable crosssection and the same length for all parallel connected devices.
Distributing loads and AC feedins in multiplephase systems
Distribute the feedin capacity and the consumed power of the loads and AC feedin
generators as equally as possible across all plant phases.
Connection in a SplitPhase System
In a splitphase system, connect the master to phase L1 and the slave 1 to phase L2
(see section 2.2At a glance (page22)).
Double SplitPhase System
In a double splitphase system, connect the master and slave 2 to phase L1.
In a double splitphase system, connect the slave 1 and the slave 3 to phase L2.
Connection in a 3phase Parallel System
Always install the master on phase L1, slave 1 on L2 and slave 2 on L3. This installation
has a righthand rotary field.
Failure of a Phase within a 3phase System
If in a 3phase system a phase fails on the master, the cluster stops. If a phase fails on a
slave, the cluster can either continue to operate or switch off. Whether the cluster continues
to work or disconnects depends on the setting of the parameter "250.30 RnMod"
(see section 19.2.5System Settings (250#) (page188)).
Connecting the AC1 lines:
1. Install a conduit with a diameter of
3
/
4
in. (19 mm) at the left opening on the left side of the
Sunny Island enclosure. Fasten the conduit on the inside of the Sunny Island with a counter nut.
2. Install the conduit on the distribution board.
3. Pull the cable from the distribution board through the conduit into the Sunny Island.
4. Remove the protective insulation of the 3 conductors
(length to be stripped:
3
/
4
in. (18 mm)).
5. Insert PE into the terminal labeled "AC1 Loads/Sunny Boys" and tighten the fastening screw with
a torque of 22 in-lbs. (2.5 Nm). Use a torque wrench with flat-head screwdriver bit
SZS1.0x6.5.
6. Insert N and L into the terminals labeled "AC1 Loads/Sunny Boys" and tighten the fastening
screws with a torque of 22 in-lbs. (2.5 Nm). Use a torque wrench with flat-head screwdriver bit
SZS1.0x6.5.
The AC1 cables are connected.
6.3.3AC2 (Generator/Grid)
The subdistribution of the generator or power distribution grid is to be connected at input AC2 of the
Sunny Island.
Cable crosssection
The maximum cable crosssection for connecting the loads / PV inverters is 4 AWG
(25 mm
2
).
Cable lengths in 1phase, parallel, splitphase, double splitphase and 3phase
systems
The AC cables between all Sunny Island and the generator/grid in a system must have the
same size and length.
Connecting the AC2 Lines (Generator/Grid):
1. Install a conduit with a diameter of
3
/
4
in. (19 mm) at the right opening on the left side of the
Sunny Island enclosure. Fasten the conduit on the inside of the Sunny Island with a counter nut.
2. Install the conduit on the distribution board.
3. Pull the cable from the distribution board through the conduit into the Sunny Island.
4. Remove the protective insulation of the 3 conductors (length to be stripped:
3
/
4
in. (18 mm)).
1phase parallel system
In the case of 1phase parallel systems, also connect the generator or the grid to all slaves
on AC2. The cable crosssections and cable lengths used must be identical.
Distribution of Loads and AC FeedIn Generators in MultiPhase Systems
Distribute the feedin capacity and consumption power of the loads as well as the AC
feedin generators as equally as possible across all system phases.
SplitPhase System
In a splitphase system, connect the master to phase L1 and the slave 1 to phase L2
(see also section 2.2At a glance (page22)).
In a double splitphase system, connect the master and slave 2 to phase L1.
In a double splitphase system, connect the slave 1 and the slave 3 to phase L2.
3phase system
Always install the master on phase L1, slave 1 on L2 and slave 2 on L3. This installation
has a righthand rotary field.
Additional Fuses in the System
If there are no additional fuses installed between the generator or power distribution grid
and the Sunny Island, the Sunny Island knows whether it has a connection to the power
distribution grid/to the generator. The Sunny Island can then draw current from the power
distribution grid/from the generator.
If there are additional fuses or switches installed between the Sunny Island and the power
distribution grid/the generator, the Sunny Island can not determine whether fuses or
switches are separated or whether there is no voltage available from the power distribution
grid/the generator. In either case the Sunny Island cannot charge its battery and the
consumers that are in operation will discharge the Sunny Island battery.
Check the additional fuses and switches regularly in order that the Sunny Island battery
only discharges when there is no voltage available from the power distribution grid/the
generator.
Cable crosssection
The maximum cable crosssection for connecting the generator is 4 AWG (25 mm).
5. Insert PE into the terminal labeled "AC2 Gen/Grid" and tighten the fastening screw with a
torque of 22 in-lbs. (2.5 Nm). Use a torque wrench with flat-head screwdriver bit SZS1.0x6.5.
6. Insert N and L into the terminals labeled "AC2 Gen/Grid" and tighten the fastening screws with
a torque of 22 in-lbs. (2.5 Nm). Use a torque wrench with flat-head screwdriver bit
SZS1.0x6.5.
6.4Additional Connections
For installing the connections described below, feed the lines through the specified holes in the cable
support sleeve. Plugs for sealing the RJ45 communication cable for internal and external
communication are provided in the cable insert upon delivery. Through a combination of the plugs
there are up to 4 feedthroughs (2 plugs without a feedthrough, 1 plug with 1 feedthrough and
2 plugs with 2 feedthroughs). Insert the necessary plugs with feedthrough to attach the
communication cables.
6.4.1Battery temperature sensor
The battery temperature sensor measures the temperature of the connected battery. This is necessary
since the optimum charging voltage for a battery strongly depends on the temperature. Further
information is provided in section 13.4Charge Control (page109).
The battery temperature sensor must be connected for the operation of the Sunny Island (included in
the scope of delivery). In the event of a fault, (shortcircuit, cable break), the Sunny Island operates in
a safe setting, which, however, over time leads deep discharge of the battery. A warning indicating
that the defective battery temperature sensor should be replaced immediately is displayed.
NOTICE
Destruction of the battery through deep discharge as a result of the installation of an
unsuitable battery temperature sensor.
Only use the battery temperature sensor included in the scope of delivery.
Do not drill holes into the battery to install the battery temperature sensor.
Connecting the Battery Temperature Sensor
1. Pierce a hole at a suitable location in the cable support sleeve using a sharp object.
2. Starting from the outside, lead the insulated conductors with bootlace ferrules through the hole
in the Sunny Island.
3. Connect the insulated conductors correspondingly to the "BatTmp" terminal of the 4pole print
terminal included in the delivery.
4. Tighten the terminals (torque: 5 inlbs. 7 inlbs. (0.56 Nm 0.79 Nm)).
5. Insert the 4pole print terminal into the "BatTmp" socket on the Sunny Island.
6. Fasten the battery temperature sensor to the outside of one of the battery cells. Choose a spot
between 2 cells and in the central area of the battery bank. The heat generation during
operation is the greatest there.
6.4.2Battery current sensor
In addition to the internal measurement, the Sunny Island provides the possibility to measure the
battery current via a shunt. You need this function if you intend to operate additional DC generators
and DC loads in your offgrid system. Only one battery current sensor is necessary in a cluster, this is
to be connected to the cluster master.
Battery Temperature Sensor in a Cluster
A battery temperature sensor is provided with each Sunny Island. Only one battery
temperature sensor is required for a cluster. Connect the temperature sensor to the cluster
master.
Polarity of the conductors
The polarity of the two cables is irrelevant for the functioning of the battery temperature
sensor.
Example:
NOTICE
Destruction of the battery due to the connection of additional DC devices.
If additional DC devices are installed in an offgrid system, the internal Sunny Island current
measurement becomes inaccurate. The charge current can no longer be set exactly and as
a result will destroy the battery.
Install an external battery current sensor (shunt).
Connecting the Battery Current Sensor
3. Connect the cables correspondingly to the "BatCur" connection of the 4pole print terminal
included in the delivery.
5. Insert the 4pole print terminal into the "BatCur" socket on the Sunny Island.
The battery current sensor is installed.
Use cables of intrinsically safe circuits
Always use lines for intrinsically safe electric circuits for connecting the battery current
sensor. Intrinsically safe means that the line is doubleinsulated and that in the event of a
shortcircuit the wire melts but the insulation remains intact. In addition, the cable is not
combustible. In order to avoid measuring errors, make sure to use twisted cables.
Installation notice
The battery current sensor must be looped around the negative pole of the battery. In
addition, the contact of that battery current sensor, which is connected to the Sunny Island
(1), must be connected to the terminal "BatCur+" (see following figure).
Positive battery current means that the battery is discharging
(current from the battery)
Negative battery current means that the battery is charging (current into the battery).
Commissioning the Current Temperature Sensor
When connecting a battery current sensor to the Sunny Island, the device's internal offset
must be adjusted during the first commissioning of the offgrid system. To do this, proceed
as described in section 8.3Commissioning the Current Temperature Sensor (page71).
6.4.3Communication for Multidevice Connection
The Sunny Island can be connected in parallel, as a splitphase system or in a 3phase system with
other Sunny Island devices in order to increase the overall power. The Sunny Island inverters
communicate with each other via an RJ45 communication cable. A black RJ45 cable is provided with
each Sunny Island. You need it in order to establish an (internal) communication between several
Sunny Islands inverters. The maximum overall length of the communication bus of 98 ft. (30 m) must
not be exceeded. If you operate only one Sunny Island in your system, the cable is not required.
Proceed as follows to implement the connection:
1. Remove one of the two plugs from the cable support sleeve.
2. Lead the RJ45 cable from the outside through the plugs inside the Sunny Island master.
3. Remove the termination resistor plugged into the master's "ComSyncOut" socket and insert it in
the master's "ComSyncIn" socket.
4. Plug the RJ45 cable into the "ComSyncOut" socket.
5. Connect the Sunny Island master to the slave:
Number of slaves Connection Procedure
1 Slave Take the RJ45 cable coming from the master, insert it into the
Sunny Island slave and plug it into the "ComSyncIn" socket.
Leave the termination resistor plugged into the "ComSyncOut"
socket.
The Sunny Island master and Sunny Island slave are
connected.
2 Slaves Take the RJ45 cable coming from the master, insert it into the
Sunny Island slave 1 and plug it into the "ComSyncIn" socket
there.
Remove the terminating resistor in the Sunny Island slave 1 from
the "ComSyncOut" socket.
Plug the RJ45 cable, which is included in the delivery, into the
"ComSyncOut" socket of slave 1.
Lead the RJ45 cable coming from the slave 1 into the
Sunny Island slave 2 and plug it into the "ComSyncIn" jack
there.
The Sunny Island master and slaves are connected.
6.4.4Multifunction Relay 1 and 2
The Sunny Island offers you several options for the control of internal and external processes.
For this purpose, two multifunction relays are integrated into the Sunny Island to which you can assign
functions using the "241.01 Rly1Op" and "241.02 Rly2Op" parameters (see section 15Relays
(page139)).
We recommend connecting the load shedding and generator request functions to the master, since,
if a failure occurs, the slave may be waiting for a confirmation, but the master continues to operate
and the device can at least operate in a limited capacity.
Operating principles of the relays
The relays are changeover contacts; they can be used as break contact (NCC) or as make
contact (NOC).
You can only assign one function to each relay!
Connection to the Relay Contact
3. Cut an appropriate piece from the silicone tube (included in scope of delivery) and pull it over
the insulated conductors.
4. Connect the conductors to the supplied 3 pole print terminals. The pins have the following
meaning:
NC: normally closed (when the Sunny Island is
off, the relay is closed)
C: Contact (operating contact)
NO: normally opened (when the Sunny Island is
off, the relay is open)
6. Insert the 3pole print terminal into the corresponding socket on the Sunny Island.
WARNING
Danger to life from electric shock due to incorrect insulation.
Securely disconnect the relay cable from the communication area and the AC area.
Strip the insulated conductors of the relay cable.
Sheathe all relay cables installed using the silicone tube provided.
Do not operate the device without the silicone tube.
Power Contactor for Load Shedding
The Sunny Island can automatically disconnect loads to protect the battery from deep discharge. To
do this, an external (AC or DC) power contactor must be installed between the Sunny Island and the
loads (see section 12.1Load Shedding (page102)).
Installing the Power Supply of a DC Power Contactor for Load Shedding (e.g. relay2):
1. Wire the A1 coil connector of the power contactor to the connection terminal NO (relay2).
2. Wire terminal C (Relay2) to the terminal "BatVtgOut +".
3. Wire the A2 coil connector of the power contactor to the terminal "BatVtgOut ".
The control circuit of the power contactor is installed.
Power supply of the DC power contactor
A 48 V voltage is present in the batterysupplied control circuit.
Load the BatVtgOut terminals with a maximum 0.75 A.
Generator start
The Sunny Island can control generators. The Sunny Island directly supports generators that can be
started/stopped using a single contact.
6.4.5BatVtgOut Power Supply
The battery voltage is conducted to the outside at these terminals. The battery voltage is fused at both
poles by PTC resistors (max. 0.75 A). Depending on the internal temperature of the Sunny Island, the
tripping threshold is at over 0.75 A.
This connection can be used, for example, to supply a DC contactor for load shedding.
Connecting the BatVtgOut Power Supply
3. Connect the cables to the "BatVtgOut" connection of the 4pole print terminal.
4. Tighten the print terminal screws (torque: 5 inlbs. 7 inlbs. (0.56 Nm 0.79 Nm)).
The BatVtgOut power supply is connected.
Default setting of the relays
Relay 1 is preset to the "AutoGn" generator start function and relay 2 to the "AutoLodSoc"
load shedding function.
6.4.6DigIn Digital Input
The DigIn connection is used as a digital input for external electrical sources.
Connecting the DigIn input
3. Connect the cables correspondingly to the "DigIn" connection of the 4pole print terminal.
4. Tighten the print terminal screws (torque: 5 inlbs. 7 inlbs. (0.56 Nm 0.79 Nm)).
The DigIn digital input is connected.
Area of the input voltage at the DigIn input
There can be 5 V 63 V at the DigIn digital input.
Corresponding Functions
If you operate the system with the generator and utility (GenGrid) in parallel, use the relays
on the master device in order to activate the related functions.
6.5Interface for External Communication
You can connect SMA Solar Technology communication devices (e.g., Sunny Boy Control,
Sunny WebBox) or a PC with the appropriate software to a communication interface. You will find a
detailed cabling diagram in the communication device manual, the software or on the Internet at
www.SMAAmerica.com.
You can incorporate an RS485 communication interface into the Sunny Island.
6.5.1Connection of the Interface for External Communication
Powerline / Powerline modem (PLM)
Communication via Powerline/Powerline modem (NLM) is not possible in standalone
grids.
Communication in a cluster
Fitting a communication interface in a cluster is only necessary on the master.
NOTICE
Destruction of the communication interface through electrostatic discharge.
Internal components of the Sunny Island can be irreparably damaged by static discharge.
Ground yourself before touching components.
Connecting the Interface for External Communication
1. Remove the righthand plug from the cable support sleeve.
2. Lead the line from the outside through the line feedthrough (C) into the inside of the
Sunny Island.
3. Plug the cable into the "ComSmaIn" socket.
4. Place the plug around the cable.
5. Plug the plug back into the designated opening in the cable support sleeve.
6. Lay the cable in area (B).
7. Connect the cable. Assignment pins in the RJ45 socket:
A Slot for communication interface
B Cable route
C Enclosure opening in the base of the Sunny Island
Sunny Boy /
Sunny WebBox
RS485
Signal allocation
RJ45 jack
Sunny Island
RJ45 plug color
code
2 A (Data+) 3 white with green
stripes
5 GND 2 orange with white
stripes
7 B (Data) 6 green with white
stripes
8. The RS485 data bus of the Sunny Island is terminated using a terminator. This terminating
resistor is already plugged into the "ComSmaOut" socket. Only remove the plug if you want to
connect another communication device.
9. Plug the communication interface onto the board (A).
Connecting Sunny Island to Sunny Boy and Sunny WebBox with one RS485
Cable
Connecting Sunny Island to Sunny Boy and Sunny WebBox with separate RS485
Cables
Data Transmission Speed
The Sunny Island can be operated at different data transmission rates to communicate with external
devices. For this, set the "250.06 ComBaud" parameter.
Setting the baud rate
If PV inverters are connected to the communication bus, then the baud rate must be set to
1200 bps (default setting).
2 3 5 7 C
B
A
Sunny Island Sunny WebBox Sunny Boy
Terminator
2 3 5 7 C
B
A
Sunny Island Sunny WebBox Sunny Boy
Control Elements SMA America, LLC
7Control Elements
In order to commission the Sunny Island, you should familiarize yourself with its operation
beforehand. The individual control elements can be seen in the following figure.
A Display
B Red LED
C Green LED
D Control buttons
E Slot for the SD card
F DC miniature circuitbreaker
SMA America, LLC Control Elements
7.1Display Messages
The display of the Sunny Island has two lines, each with 16 characters.
7.2DC miniature circuitbreaker
The DC miniature circuitbreaker is used to switch on/off as well as to disconnect the Sunny Island on
the DC side. For details, see section 9Switching On and Off (page73).
Meaning of the symbols
You will find information on the meaning of the individual symbols in section 10.6Display
Messages (Overview) (page88).
A Output power / charging power (load status)
B Direction of energy flow and system status
C Display, if Sunny Island is operating within the grid limits or generator limits.
D Device assignment
E Status of the external source (asterisk, question mark or exclamation mark)
F Relay 1 status
G Relay 2 status
H Warning message (exclamation mark)
Control Elements SMA America, LLC
7.3Keys
The table explains the functions of the buttons on the Sunny Island 5048:
7.4Meaning of the Light Emitting Diodes (LED's)
On the Sunny Island control panel, there are both a green (above) and a red (below) light emitting
diode (LED), the functions of which are described in the table below:
7.5SD card
The Sunny Island features an SD card which can be used for updating firmware and as a service
interface. For details, see section 11Archiving Data on an SD Card (page93).
Button Function
cancels the selected function
answers NO
navigates one menu level higher
stops device (when held pressed down)
navigates up one list element, increases data value
navigates down one list element, decreases data value
selects function
selects value
Confirms changes
answers YES
navigates one menu level down
starts device (when held pressed down)
stops device (when held pressed down)
Green LED Red LED Operating state
Standby or fault
On Operation
On Disturbance or Fault
SMA America, LLC Initial Startup
8Initial Startup
8.1Requirements
The Quick Configuration Guide (QCG) allows you to quickly and easily commission your standalone
grid power system. To do so, use the menu to select the 'right' system for you. The display then shows
special queries via which the system's parameters can be set specifically.
8.2Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG)
The QCG is automatically activated during the initial startup of the Sunny Island. In this case begin
with point 3. If the QCG is not activated automatically, begin with point 1.
1. Switch the Sunny Island's DC miniature circuitbreaker to the "ON" position.
Check the connections
Before commissioning check all electrical connections for correct polarity.
Ensure that all electrical connections are connected in accordance with the
specifications of this technical description.
Always save data
you quickly.
Always leave the SD card plugged in the Sunny Island.
Plug the SD card into the card reader in the PC in order to read off the data and
events.
Error occurrence
If the Sunny Island displays an error message, this must be remedied before the
Sunny Island is commissioned. For this purpose, refer to section 20Troubleshooting
(page201).
Default setting of parameters
Upon starting the Quick Configuration Guide, viable parameter values are set by default.
Initial Startup SMA America, LLC
The Sunny Island initiates the startup phase. The
notifications shown here are displayed. The last
notification is displayed as soon as the startup
phase is completed.
2. Press and hold down <ENTER> until the Sunny Island beeps three times.
The QCG is started.
"Start System" (if you have accidentally accessed the QCG and would only like to restart
the system)
"New System" (if you would like to start a new system or perform changes to the plant
configuration)
"New Battery" (if you wish to reset batteryspecific parameters only. You cannot change
general parameters using "New Battery".
"Emerg. Charge" (if you would like to charge a deeply discharged battery using an
external source)
3. At "New System" set the following parameters:
Device type (master, slave 1, slave 2, slave 3)
Systems with several Sunny Islands
If you have a system with more than 1 Sunny Island, you must take the following measures:
Configure the Sunny Island with the latest firmware version as master or install the
latest firmware version in the master (see www.SMAAmerica.com). The master
updates the firmware of the slaves once the offgrid system is started.
You must first run the QCG on the slave(s) before starting the master device
(display message "INIT MASTER OK START?"). Only the device type is set there.
Only start the master device thereafter!
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Start System
System configuration (see table for setting options)
Date / Time
Battery type (VRLA, FLA, NiCd), default setting: "VRLA"
Adjustable for FLA and VRLA: Nominal voltage of the battery 42 V 52 V adjustable in
2V steps; default setting 48 V. For NiCd: Nominal voltage of the battery 43.2 V to 48 V
adjustable in 1.2V steps; default setting 45.6 V.
Nominal capacity of the battery (100 Ah 10000 Ah), default setting: "100 Ah"
External power supply unit (PvOnly, Gen, Grid, GenGrid)
Systems with one Sunny Island
If only one Sunny Island is used in the system, the device type is permanently set to "master"
and is not displayed.
Displayed text Description
ThreePhase 3phase system, 3 Sunny Island
1Phase1 1phase system, 1 Sunny Island
2Phase2 2phase system, 2 Sunny Island inverters
2Phase4 2phase system, 4 Sunny Island inverters
MCBox Setting for Multicluster operation
Battery types
VRLA: Valve Regulated Lead Acid
Closed lead acid batteries with immobilized electrolyte in gel or AGM (Absorbent Glass
Mat Separator) in all standard designs available on the market (grid plate, tubular plate,
small, large, AGM, Gel, etc.)
FLA: Flooded Lead Acid
Closed lead acid batteries with liquid electrolyte in all standard designs available on the
market (grid plate, tubular plate, small, large, etc.)
NiCd: Nickel Cadmium
Sealed pockettype plate or fiber plate nickelcadmium batteries.
Value in variable Explanation
PvOnly Off Grid, no grid, no generator
Gen Standalone grid with generator
Grid Grid Backup
GenGrid Grid Backup with Generator
GenGrid:
Maximum generator current (0 A 224 A), default setting: "30 A"
Generator interface (Manual, GenMan, Autostart), default setting: "Autostart"
Maximum grid current (0 A 224 A), default setting: "30 A"
Grid:
Maximum grid current (0 A 224 A), default setting: "30 A"
Gen:
Maximum generator current (0 A 224 A), default setting: "30 A"
Generator interface (Manual, GenMan, Autostart), default setting: "Autostart"
4. The following parameters must be set when "New Battery" is selected:
Battery type (VRLA, FLA, NiCd), default setting: "VRLA"
Nominal voltage of the battery (42 V 52 V in 2 V steps for FLA and VRLA,
43.2 V to 48 V in 1.2 V steps for NiCd), default setting: "48.0 V"
Nominal capacity of the battery (100 Ah 10 000 Ah), default setting: "100 Ah"
After entering all parameters, the following
notification appears.
5. Press <ENTER> to confirm.
The notification shown here is displayed.
6. Press <ENTER> and hold until you hear a beep.
The Sunny Island has started and is in operation.
Adjustable Parameters
For more information on adjustable parameters, see section 19Parameter lists
(page154).
Note that some parameters can only be changed after entering the installer password
(see section 10.5Entering the Installer Password (page86)), or in standby mode
(see section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) (page74)).
8.3Commissioning the Current Temperature Sensor
In the event you have installed a battery current sensor in your system, you are required to synchronize
the device's internal offset. To do this, proceed as follows:
1. Switch the Sunny Island to standby as described in section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island
(Standby) (page74).
2. Shortcircuit the battery current sensor cables.
BatCur+ to terminal 1
BatCur to terminal 1
3. Set the following parameters:
Choose the type of battery current sensor:
"225.01 BatCurSnsTyp" (None / 50 mV / 60 mV). Only after activation of the parameter
with 50 mV or 60 mV other parameters (02, 03 and 04 in the menu "225# Battery Current
Sensor") will be shown and activated.
4. Set the nominal current of the battery current sensor (e.g., 400 A / 60 mV):
"225.02 BatCurGain60": (for a 60 mV output)
"225.03 BatCurGain50": (for a 50 mV output)
5. Start automatic calibration:
Set "225.04 BatCurAutoCal" to "Start".
The Sunny Island conducts an automatic calibration.
NOTICE
Entering incorrect parameters endangers operational safety. Damage to the offgrid system
and its components.
All parameter settings which could affect the operating safety of the offgrid system are
protected by the installer password.
Only electrically skilled persons are permitted to set and adjust system parameters.
Enter the password as described in section 10.5Entering the Installer Password
(page86).
6. Check the offset error:
Display value "120.06 TotBatCur" should be (close to) zero.
7. Reconnect the battery current sensor's lines correctly as displayed in the graphic.
Make sure the lines have the correct polarity when doing this.
BatCur+ to terminal 1
BatCur to terminal 2
8. Start the Sunny Island (see section 9.1Switching On (page73)).
9. Check the current direction: "120.06 TotBatCur"
Current direction: Discharging the battery
No generator/grid connected
Consumers are being supplied
The value of the battery current is positive.
Current direction: Charging the battery
Generator / grid connected
Consumers are not/are marginally supplied
Battery is being charged
The value of the battery current is negative.
SMA America, LLC Switching On and Off
9Switching On and Off
9.1Switching On
1. Check the following requirements:
correct electrical connections
voltages and polarities
The display light of the Sunny Island switches on.
The Sunny Island initiates the startup phase. The
notifications shown here are displayed. The last
notification is displayed as soon as the startup
phase is completed.
3. Wait 5 seconds (QCG starts automatically) or manually start QCG (press and hold down
<ENTER> until the Sunny Island beeps 3 times).
The QCG is started and the notification
displayed here is shown. Continue as described
in section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration
Guide (QCG) (page67).
or
Wait 5 seconds.
Systems with several Sunny Islands
Switch on the slaves before you switch on the master. To do this, proceed as follows.
"250.01 AutoStr" Parameter
Even with the "250.01 AutoStr" parameter set, the Sunny Island must be manually started
after each time the device is switched on using the DC miniature circuitbreaker.
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Start System
Switching On and Off SMA America, LLC
The Sunny Island skips the QCG and the
notification shown here is displayed.
4. Press and hold <ENTER>.
Process bars is shown in the display.
On a slave, the notification displayed here is
shown until the master is started.
5. Press <ENTER> on the master.
A beep is heard. The Sunny Island is in operation and the green LED is on.
9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby)
Proceed as follows to stop the Sunny Island:
1. Press <ENTER> or <ESC> to stop the Sunny Island.
The remaining time is displayed as a bar.
The Sunny Island is stopped. The notification shown
here is displayed.
Standby
Even in standby mode the Sunny Island still requires approx. 4 W of power from the
battery.
SMA America, LLC Switching On and Off
9.3Switching Off
To switch off the Sunny Island, proceed as follows:
1. Stop the Sunny Island as described in section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby)
(page74).
2. Switch the Sunny Island's DC miniature circuitbreaker to the "OFF" position.
The Sunny Island is switched off.
9.4Disconnecting the Device from Voltage Sources
1. Switch off the Sunny Island as described in section 9.3Switching Off (page75).
2. Disconnect the Sunny Island from the battery.
3. Disconnect the Sunny Island from the voltage sources (AC1 and AC2). Separate AC1 and AC2
and disconnect from voltage sources.
If PV inverters are connected to AC1, they automatically switch off once they are no longer
connected to the standalone grid.
4. Check that the Sunny Island has been disconnected from voltage sources.
5. Wait at least 15 minutes to let the capacitors discharge and to allow the voltage inside the
device to drop to a safe level.
The Sunny Island is free of voltage.
9.5Reactivating the Device Following Automatic Shutdown
A complete shutdown indicates that standalone grid components have failed or are not working
correctly due to incorrect parameter settings. Check the offgrid system for possible faults, both before
and after reactivating the system, to avoid a complete shutdown in the future.
To reactivate the Sunny Island after it has switched off due to a battery being too deeply discharged,
proceed as follows:
"Switching sequence"
Only with the sequence shown here can you ensure that all internal meter positions/values
are saved.
NOTICE
Damage to the Sunny Island and connected devices.
Disconnect the loads only.
Do not disconnect generators.
Install an external load shedding contactor if the Sunny Island is coupled to PV arrays
or wind generators on the ACgenerating side.
Switching On and Off SMA America, LLC
1. Switch the Sunny Island's DC miniature circuitbreaker to the "OFF" position.
2. Wait at least 15 minutes.
The display light of the Sunny Island switches on.
4. Switch on the Sunny Island as described in section 9.1Switching On (page73).
5. Monitor the generator startup and check that the Sunny Island switches to charge mode.
6. Check for errorfree functioning of all other energy generators in the system.
DANGER
to electric shock.
After an automatic disconnection, high residual voltages can remain in the Sunny Island
capacitors.
Wait at least 15 minutes before restarting the Sunny Island. The Sunny Island
capacitors discharge in this time.
Switching on the DC miniature circuitbreaker
If, in rare cases, the device cannot be switched back on after 15 minutes, wait a 30 minutes
and try again.
Charging the batteries
After reactivation, it is important that the batteries are charged. If an autostart generator is
present in the standalone grid, the Sunny Island will request the generator after a few
minutes.
Battery Preservation Mode after Reactivation
If, after reactivation, the Sunny Island immediately switches into battery preservation mode
(see section 13.5Battery Preservation Mode (page113)), disconnect all loads from the
AC output.
The consumers can be reconnected once the Sunny Island enters the charge state. A
precondition for this is that a generator capable of providing the required power is
connected
For more information, see section 20.10What to Do during Emergency Charge Mode
(page217).
SMA America, LLC Operation
10Operation
The main menu consists of a "Home Screen" and the other main menu entries, which split up into the
different menu levels. Operating states, for example, the current operating mode, power, etc. are
displayed on the "Home Screen" (see section 10.6Display Messages (Overview) (page88)).
The menu consists of a main menu and a maximum of two submenu levels
(see section 10.1Menu Structure (page78)).
Use the up and down arrow buttons to navigate through the menu levels. The cyclical arrangement
(wrap around) allows you to scroll both forward and backwards to access the desired menu as
quickly as possible.
When the desired menu is reached press the <ENTER> key in order to access it. The <ESC> key exits
the menu and puts you one menu level up.
The Sunny Island utilizes an operation concept referred to as "Single Point of Operation". For a
system with more than one Sunny Island, all entries are made on the master. There you configure the
entire system, confirm events, warnings and errors in the QCG (see section 8Initial Startup
(page67)), and update your firmware when required (see section 11.6Updating the firmware
(page99)).
Faster access to menus
If you would like to access submenu "7", navigate backwards from "1" over "9", instead of
six steps forwards.
Switching to the Home Screen in case of inactivity
If you do not press any buttons for more than five minutes (inactivity), the Home Screen is
automatically displayed.
Backlight
The display's backlight is automatically deactivated after a short time of inactivity. You can
switch the backlight back on by pressing one of the four buttons. No settings are changed
when you press the button, this only activates the display illumination.
Key clicks
The button sound is switched on by default. In order to deactivate it, set the
"250.04 BeepEna" parameter to Off. If "250.04 BeepEna" is set to "Off", the Sunny Island
does not give an acoustic warning signal in the event of interferences and errors.
Slaves wait for commands from the master
Slave devices must wait for commands from
the master device. The following message
appears during this time.
Operation SMA America, LLC
Exception: When starting the device for the first time, you must set the slave devices as slave in the
QCG and everything else is performed from the master.
10.1Menu Structure
The navigation area includes the Home Screen and the main menu items:
100# Meters (display values)
200# Settings
300# Diagnosis
400# Failure/Event (lists)
500# Operation (operating functions)
600# Direct Access
The main menus are divided into several submenus.
In a submenu, you can select a second submenu or a parameter.
You can access the navigation area from one of two levels:
User level
Installer level (password required)
The menu items and parameters, which allow the changing of system parameters, are accessible after
entering the installer password (see section 10.5Entering the Installer Password (page86)).
Single Point of Operation
Single Point of Operation also means that all master log data, including the slave log data,
is saved at the master device on the SD card.
Messages
Messages can be displayed at any time while the device is in operation and they have
priority over the "Home Screen" display.
NOTICE
and its components.
Enter the password as described in section 10.5Entering the Installer Password
(page86).
Overview of the Menu Structure:
100# Meters Display values
In this main menu, you will find the display values for the following components of the standalone grid
system:
110# Meter Inverter Sunny Island
120# Battery Meters Battery
130# External Meters Grid/Generator
140# Charge Controller Sunny Island Charger (is only shown when there is at least one
Sunny Island Charger connected to the Sunny Island)
150# Compact Meters compact view of values for commissioning
By opening the relevant submenu if necessary, the second submenu you can view the parameters
(e.g., Parameter "112.03 InvVtg").
200# Settings
The following submenus allow you to view and adjust the system parameters:
210# Inverter Settings Sunny Island
220# Battery Settings Battery
230# External Settings Grid/Generator
240# Relay Settings Relays
250# System Settings System
280# Password Setting Password entry
300# Diagnosis
The following submenus allow you to view system data:
310# Inverter Diagnosis Sunny Island
320# Battery Diagnosis Battery
330# External Diagnosis Grid/Generator
400# Failure/Event Failures and Events
You can view various error and event lists in the following submenus:
410# Failures Current Current failures
420# Failure History Previous warnings and failures
430# Event History Events
500# Operation Functions during operation
The following submenus allow you to view and adjust operating parameters:
510# Operation Inverter Sunny Island
520# Operation Battery Battery
540# Operation Generator Generator
550# Operation MMC SD Card
560# Operation Grid Grid
600# Direct Access Direct access to the parameters
This is a main menu that gives you direct access to the settings and display values
(see section 10.3Direct Access Direct Access to the Parameters (page82)).
10.2Changing Parameters
Using the up and down arrow buttons, you navigate through a selected menu to view or change a
parameter, for example. When the relevant parameter is displayed, you can read its present value.
An arrow next to the value indicates that the parameter can be changed.
If you press <ENTER>, the arrow begins to blink and you can use the up and down arrow buttons to
change the value of the "221.02 BatCpyNom" parameter.
As soon as the desired value appears on the display, press <ENTER> to save the new value.
Then select Y(es) or N(o) by pressing the up/down arrow buttons to accept or reject the changes.
Finally, press <ENTER> again in order to finish the process and continue with other modifications.
The Sunny Island displays a corresponding message for parameters that can only be changed in
standby mode or require a different password level.
Increments (speed)
The increment size (speed) of the change increases if you hold the button pressed down.
Changing parameters
Note that some parameters can only be changed when the device is in standby mode
(see section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) (page74)). The parameters for
which this applies can be found in the tables in sections 19.2Adjustable Parameters
(page163) and 20Troubleshooting (page201).
Display Description
Incorrect password level, you cannot make any
changes in the menus. This is explained in section
10.5Entering the Installer Password (page86).
All menu items and parameters that can only be
changed by the electrically qualified person are
shown with a gray background in the parameter list
(see section 19Parameter lists (page154)).
This parameter can only be changed in standby
mode. Stop the Sunny Island to change the parameter
(see section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island
(Standby) (page74)).
10.3Direct Access Direct Access to the Parameters
The "600# Direct Access" menu gives you direct access to the selected parameter using the
parameter name or number.
Via the Select Name submenu, you have direct access to the following functions:
GnManStr: manual starting of the generator (see section 14.1.4Manual Generator
Operation (page120)).
ManChrgSel: manual starting of equalization charge (see section 13.4.3Equalization
Charge (page112)).
Via the Select Number menu, you have direct access to every parameter by entering the parameter
number.
10.4Compact Meters
The "150# Compact Meters" menu is intended primarily to help the installer commission the device.
The display gives you information at a glance on the following areas:
Battery 1
Battery 2
Inverter (AC values)
InvTot
Grid/generator (external)
ExtTot
Inverter status
Example
Using the menu 600#, you can select the "222.01 BatChrgCurMax" parameter, for
example, to set the maximum battery charging current.
The direct access must be entered as a fivedigit number, for example, 22201. Here, the
first three digits describe the menu number and the last two describe the parameter number.
Exit the menu level after the parameter has been set.
Selecting the area
You can select the different displays of the compact meters using the up/down arrow
buttons. Here, you can also use the "Wrap around" function.
The displays are always shown from the upper left to the lower right.
Bat 1 (Battery Value 1)
Bat 2 (Battery Value 2)
A Name of the compact meter
B Present battery state of charge (BatSoc)
C Estimated error of the state of charge (BatSocErr)
D Total battery current of the cluster (TotBatCur)
E Battery temperature (BatTmp)
B Battery voltage (BatVtg)
C Setpoint of charging voltage (BatChrgVtg)
D Active charging process (BatChrgOp)
E Remaining absorption time (AptTmRmg)
Inv (AC Values of Inverter)
InvTot (Total AC Values of Inverter)
B Present voltage at the inverter (InvVtg)
C Present frequency at the inverter (InvFrq)
D Present active power of the inverter (InvPwrAt)
E Present reactive power at the inverter (InvPwrPt)
B Total active power of the inverter (cluster)
C Total reactive power of the inverter (cluster)
Ext (AC Values of External Source)
ExtTot (Total AC Values of External Source)
B Voltage of the external source (ExtVtg)
C Frequency of the external source (ExtFrq)
D Active power of the external source (ExtPwrAt)
E Reactive power of the external source (ExtPwrPt)
B Total active power of the external source (cluster)
C Total reactive power of the external source (cluster)
OpStt (Inverter and Generator Status)
10.5Entering the Installer Password
The password is dependent on the operating hours counter. In the installer level, there are extended
access privileges to all necessary parameters.
Password = Checksum of the operating hours
B Operating state of the inverter (InvOpStt)
C State of the generator (GnStt)
NOTICE
and its components.
Do not disclose the password to unauthorized persons
Do not provide the following information for entering the installer password to
unauthorized persons. Illegal provision of this information to other persons will lead to the
invalidation of all SMA guarantee provisions.
Entering the password
The Sunny Island allows you to enter the password not only in standby, but also during
operation.
Proceed as follows to enter the installer password from the Home Screen:
1. Keep pressing the "arrow down" key until the
"200# Settings" menu is displayed.
2. Press <ENTER>.
3. Keep pressing the "arrow down" key until the
"280# Password Setting" menu is displayed.
4. Press <ENTER>.
The "280# Password Setting" submenu opens.
5. Press <ENTER>.
6. Determine the password. Calculate the checksum
(sum of all digits) of the operating hours. In the
message shown here:
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21
7. Enter the password by pressing the up/down arrow buttons.
8. Confirm the password by pressing <ENTER>.
The installer password has been entered.
Operating level [1] = the installer level is set.
9. Exit the menu by pressing the <ESC> key.
Switching operating levels
If the password is invalid, the Sunny Island does not switch to the installer level. In this case,
recalculate and reenter the installer password as described in this section.
The installer level is switched back to the user level if:
the Sunny Island is switched off and on again.
specific parameters are entered (e.g., the "510.01 InvRs" parameter) that cause a
restart.
an incorrect password is entered.
no activity takes place within five minutes.
10.6Display Messages (Overview)
The display has two lines, each with 16 characters. The first line shows the menu number and the menu
name, or the name of the parameter where applicable. The menu name is supplemented or the added
text is displayed (e.g., parameter value) in the lower line, if required.
"Home Screen"
The Sunny Island also shows the following values one after the other in the upper line of the Home
Screen (parameter name and parameter value in 3second intervals):
Bar display for output power or charging power (the direction of energy flow is displayed by
the arrows in the lower line)
Total active power of the inverter (cluster)
Active power of external source (total of all phases)
Present state of charge of the battery (SOC)
A Output power / charging power (load status)
B Direction of energy flow and system status
C Displays if the Sunny Island loaded parameters for grid operation or parameters for
generator operation.
D Device assignment
E Status of the external source (asterisk, question mark or exclamation mark)
F Relay 1 status
G Relay 2 status
H Warning message (exclamation mark)
Meters (always one of five possibilities, depending on priority)
Remaining absorption time
Remaining generator warm up time
Remaining Run1h time for the generator
Remaining time of Timer 1
Remaining time of Timer 2
Active charging process
Meaning of the Symbols that appear in the Home Screen:
Situational displaying of text and values
The display shows only values that are relevant in the actual system status. If there is no
generator connected, no generator values are displayed.
Messages on the slave devices
On the slave devices, the upper line of the display shows the bar graph for output power
or charging power. The lower line of the display shows the device assignment
(e.g., S1 for slave1) and, where applicable, the status of external sources
(*, for a description, see further above) and the status of relays.
Icon Significance
Nominal power
Nominal load exceeded.
Direction of energy flow between grid/generator side, battery and load side.
Generation side (Generator/grid) is on.
Battery
Load side (loads/Sunny Boys)
Power pole
The Sunny Island is working with grid limits.
The Sunny Island is working with generator limits.
The Sunny Island is configured as master.
The Sunny Island is configured as slave 1.
The Sunny Island is configured as slave 2.
Status of the external source:
Voltage and frequency of the generator/grid are within set limits.
Status of the external source:
Voltage and frequency of the external source are not within set limits. In this case,
the Sunny Island does not connect the generator to the standalone grid.
Status of the external source (at position (E) on the display):
The maximal admissible generator reverse power was exceeded and the
Sunny Island has disconnected the generator from the standalone grid.
"Battery" request reason:
The generator has been requested as a result of the battery state of charge.
"Cycle" request reason:
The generator was requested via the generator operation's timedependent
repetition cycle (Parameter: 235.17 GnTmOpCyc).
This symbol can only be shown in Multicluster operation.
"External" request reason:
The generator was requested via the extension cluster. This request can only take
place in multicluster operation.
"Load" request reason:
The generator has been requested as a result of the loaddependent generator
request.
"Start" request reason:
The generator has been requested by the operator manually setting the generator
request in the Sunny Island from "Auto" to "Start". The generator is then no longer
automatically controlled or switched off by the Sunny Island.
"Time" request reason:
The generator was started for one hour using the "Run1h" setting in the
Sunny Island. Once this time has passed, the Sunny Island automatically switches
off the generator.
Display for relays (solid circle = the relay is activated/empty circle = the relay is
deactivated).
Warning message is displayed (at position (H):
This symbol blinks until you have confirmed the warning or the error in the menu
"#410 Failures Current" or "#420 Failure History".
Icon Significance
10.7Parameter Display
Parameters on the Sunny Island are displayed as follows:
In the upper line, the parameter number comes first, then
a separator (hash) followed by the parameter name. In
the lower line, there is the value with the unit and the
modification mark (enter arrow) is on the far right.
Display "Generator Status" and "Request Reason"
The two displays above are cyclically shown on the display as the status of the external
source.
Example:
If the display changes every 3 seconds from "*" to "B", this means that the generator
voltage and frequency lie within the set limits and that the generator was requested as a
result of the battery state of charge.
Stopping the generator manually
If the generator has been manually stopped, no generator status information is displayed.
The field remains empty in this case.
Indications of a warning
If faults occur, the device switches into standby mode and shows the fault on the display.
The fault must be eliminated and confirmed, then the Sunny Island carries out an autostart.
Parameter/value list
If you would like to switch from a menu (regardless of whether it is a main or submenu)
into a parameter/value list, the menu numbers are not included on the display.
Syntax for menus and parameters
The syntax specified here for menus and parameters applies throughout the entire
document.
A menu is identified by the number of the menu, the hash and the name of the menu
(e.g., 120# Battery Meters).
A parameter is labeled with the menu number, dot, the parameter number and parameter
name (120.02 BatVtg).
10.8Display of Events
The Sunny Island can display a list of events:
The serial number (quantity) of the events, the time and
date display; the display of the date and time changes in
2second intervals. In the lower line are the number of the
event and the corresponding short text.
10.9Display of Warnings and Failures
The Sunny Island can display a list of errors and warnings:
The serial number (quantity) of the error is on the upper
line; the time and date display changes in 2second
intervals. On the lower line are the number of the error
and the corresponding error short text.
An "!" on the right on the upper line indicates when the
warning and/or error occurred.
A "C" on the right on the upper line indicates when the
warning or the error was confirmed or cleared.
Direct access to the error list
As a shortcut, press ESC and the arrow up button simultaneously to go directly to the error
list (420# Failure History).
SMA America, LLC Archiving Data on an SD Card
11Archiving Data on an SD Card
The Sunny Island can store firmware, parameters and measured data on a SD card, which must be
FAT16formatted and may have a max. size of 2 GB (possible storage sizes are 32/64/128/256/
512 MB and 1GB and 2 GB). Use the SD card included in delivery solely for the Sunny Island.
Do not save any multimedia data on the SD card.
File names are saved in 8.3 format and files with other designations are ignored.
Example of a format
A valid 8.3 format is, for example, "M1111LOG.DAT".
8.3 is the "old" MSDOS format with a file name that has a maximum of 8 figures before
and 3 figures after the dot.
Type of Memory Card
SMA recommends the use of a Transcend SD card.
If you use a memory card from another manufacturer, check whether the card is FAT16
formatted. If necessary, format the card. Be aware that data stored on the card will be lost.
Using memory cards in the offgrid system
If you combine the Sunny Islands SI4548-US-10 / 5048U / 6048-US10 in one offgrid
system, use 1 SD card always only for 1 type of Sunny Island. This ensures the optimum
functioning of the offgrid system.
Make a note of the type of the Sunny Island used on the SD card after the first data
recording.
Only insert this SD card into this type of Sunny Island.
Archiving Data on an SD Card SMA America, LLC
After you have inserted the SD card into the card reader slot on your PC, you can search for the
respective drive in the Explorer (in Microsoft Windows). The following data are on this drive (here E:):
The files on the SD card have the following meanings:
File name Significance
evthism.log (evthisN.log for slaveN) Event history of the device, saved by means of parameter
"550.03 CardFunc",
option StoEvtHis
failhism.log (failhisN.log for SlaveN) Failure history of the device, saved by means of
parameter "550.03 CardFunc", option StoFailHis
si030607.evt Event/failure history for the day
(Format MMDDYY)
si030607.log Data recording for the day
(Format MMDDYY)
sipar1.lst Parameter list of the device, created by means of
parameter "550.01 ParaSto", option Set1
sipar2.lst Parameter list of the device, created by means of
parameter "550.01 ParaSto", option Set2
sipar.lst This file is saved after changing a parameter.
update.bin Software for the device
batstat.txt Statistical values of the battery. These values are saved
every day at 10:00 p.m.
batstat.sma Internal data from SMA Solar Technology
si.ccf System information from Sunny Island.
The Sunny Island's firmware expects devicespecific data in the main directory of the SD card. This
data includes a new firmware, parameters and measuring data.
The Sunny Island uses the SD card for saving and loading device parameters.
In addition, the Sunny Island supports the acquisition of measurement data on the SD card. It saves
this data in a special file. This contains, among other things, a header, time stamp, date and data type.
There are two different types of log data:
Measurement data (are saved cyclically)
Events and errors (are only saved when they occur)
The Sunny Island supports the acquisition of measurement data with data from the fields:
Battery
Inverter
System
External source
Loads
The data saved on the SD card can be processed using common table calculation programs.
The first 13 lines of the file are used for information (file header).
The following data is separated by semicolons.
Decimal places are separated by periods.
The date format is MM/DD/YYYY
The time format is hh:mm.
"BOOTEX.LOG" File
The file "BOOTEX.LOG" is not necessarily saved on the card, it is generated according to
the operating system used (e. g. WindowsXP or Windows2000).
Always save data
you quickly.
1. In the event of a fault contact the SMA Service Line.
2. Upon agreement with the SMA Service Line, save all data from the SD card into
1 folder and compress this (e.g. as ZIP file).
3. Send the compressed data via email to the SMA Service Line.
Log data
For additional information on processing the log data, please refer to the manual of the
data processing software you use.
11.1Inserting the SD Card
Insert the SD card with the cut corner pointing down into
the slot on the Sunny Island (see illustration).
After inserting the SD card into the Sunny Island, the
adjacent message appears on the display prohibiting the
removal of the card.
The initialization of the SD card can take several minutes. During this time, the buttons are disabled
and cannot be used for making entries, and three points appear in the lower line of the display.
If the procedure was successful, the graphic shown here
is displayed.
The Sunny Island initializes the SD card and writes a file "Sipar1.Ist" to the SD card.
In case of a fault, the following message appears:
NOTICE
Electrostatic discharge when inserting the SD card. Electrostatic discharges can damage
the Sunny Island components.
Ground yourself before you insert or remove the SD card from the Sunny Island
enclosure.
11.2Removing the SD Card
To ensure that all log data is saved upon deactivation, write all data not yet saved from the buffer to
the SD card by using the parameter "550.03 CardFunc" with the option "ForcedWrite".
11.3Saving and Loading Parameters
You can configure and use various settings with various parameters, this means winter and summer.
This parameter seta are known as Set 1 and Set 2. Using the "550.01 ParaSto" parameter, you can
save the current parameter settings and using the "550.02 ParaLod" parameter, you can load the
saved parameters.
When saving the parameters, you have the following options:
Set1 (save parameter set 1)
Set2 (save parameter set 2)
When loading the parameters, you have the following options:
Set1 (load parameter set 1)
Set2 (load parameter set 2)
Factory (load the factory settings (reset))
11.4Writing Log Data
Using the "550.04 DatLogEna" parameter, you can activate the function for writing log data to your
SD card (activated by default).
If the Sunny Island is writing data to the SD card,
removing the card is prohibited and the following
message appears on the display.
Data loss
If you remove the SD card without first activating the parameter "550.03 CardFunc", you
lose up to a maximum of 15 minutes of data.
Save settings
If the system is working optimally, it is a good idea to save these settings. This is especially
useful if you try out new settings and then wish to reset the inverter back to the previous
settings.
SD card write protection
The write protection function of SD cards (plastic sliding clip on the left side) is not
supported by the Sunny Island. You should take note of this when writing data to your card.
11.5Status Messages
Using the "312.07 CardStt" parameter, you can request the status of your SD card:
Display Description
The SD card is deactivated.
The SD card is activated.
The memory capacity of your SD card has been
exceeded.
The SD card has an invalid file format.
The SD card is not compatible.
Your Sunny Island is loading parameters from the SD
card.
Loading parameters from SD card has failed.
The SD card is being accessed.
The Sunny Island is writing log data onto the SD card.
11.6Updating the firmware
The firmware of the Sunny Island can be updated using the SD card. When the Sunny Island starts up
or when the SD card is inserted, the Sunny Island searches for special update files on the SD card.
If it finds files containing new firmware versions, it performs an update when the Sunny Island is in
standby mode.
Proceed as follows for a firmware update:
1. Create a backup copy of the existing parameter lists (see section 11.3Saving and Loading
Parameters (page97)).
2. Download the latest firmware version from the Internet at www.SMAAmerica.com.
3. Copy the "UPDATE.BIN" file onto the SD card.
4. Set the master device to standby.
5. Insert the SD card in the master's slot.
The update is carried out.
The Sunny Island starts. The update is carried out.
Duration of the firmware update
The update for 1phase systems takes approximately 5 minutes.
For system configurations with more than one Sunny Island, the software update can take
up to 20 minutes.
A status bar shows the progress of the update. Leave the SD card in the Sunny Island until
the update is finished. During the update process, leave the DC disconnector to the "On"
position.
Take note of:
You may only download firmware versions from www.SMAAmerica.com. Using
unauthorized firmware versions cancels the warranty.
None of the alreadyexisting parameter settings are changed or erased during a
firmware update.
New parameters are assumed with default values.
If there is an update to the firmware version greater or equal to 6 000, the battery
management is automatically reset. All set parameters are lost.
Do not activate the DC miniature circuitbreaker during the firmware update.
Do not switch off the Sunny Island during the firmware update.
Reset after a successful update
After the update has been successfully completed a reset is enforced in order for the
changes to become effective. After the reset, the master device remains in standby mode.
Firmware Update in a System with One Sunny Island
During the update, the Sunny Island displays the following
messages.
Firmware Update in a System with Several Sunny Island
In a system with several Sunny Island inverters, the firmware is only updated on the master. If the
master detects that a slave has a different firmware version, it transmits its firmware to the slave and
makes sure that all Sunny Island inverters within a system operate with the identical firmware version.
While the master updates the slaves, the devices show the following messages, among other things.
The display messages listed below may be shown at various lengths. Wait until the master displays
the message "Update finished. Press Enter" and the slaves display the message
"Ready. Wait for Master." Do not make any entries during the update.
Starting QCG
If you have carried out a firmware update in which the number before the dot in the
firmware version has changed, it is advisable to start QCG and to perform all settings
anew.
Load parameter
Display message Display from Explanation
Master The master update
starts.
Master Master update part
1/2.
Master Master update part
2/2.
Master The slave update starts.
Master The slave update is

running.
Master The master update is

completed.
Slave The slave update is

completed.
Parameters and settings
Individual parameters and settings are retained during a firmware update.
Switching on a slave with a different firmware version
If a slave with a different firmware version is connected, first stop the master. Stop all slaves.
Then restart the master. The slaves start automatically and the master performs a firmware
update.
Additional Functions SMA America, LLC
12Additional Functions
12.1Load Shedding
If, over an extended period, the loads connected to the Sunny Island use more energy than that which
the generators connected produce, the battery can deeply discharge. The Sunny Island shuts down
automatically if the state of charge of the battery is too low. This way, the Sunny Island avoids the
deep discharge of the battery. Due to the Sunny Island's automatic shutdown, the loads are not
supplied with current and the generators connected to the Sunny Island cannot charge the battery.
In standalone grid systems in which generators are connected directly via DC/DC converters, these
generators charge the battery, even if the Sunny Island automatically shuts down. When the battery
reaches a particular state of charge, the Sunny Island can carry out an automatic restart after the
automatic shutdown. After the automatic restart, the generators connected to the Sunny Island can
also charge the battery.
You can prevent the Sunny Island from automatically shutting down by installing a power contactor
for load shedding. The power contactor automatically switches off the loads in the standalone system
when the battery charge level is low. The Sunny Island continues operating and can charge the
battery.
Install an external (AC or DC) power contactor between the Sunny Island and the loads (see also
section 21Accessories (page220)).
NOTICE
Rapid battery electric discharge in the event of missing load shedding. Premature failing of
the offgrid system.
Install an external load shedding contactor as soon as the offgrid system on the
AC generating side is coupled to PV arrays or wind generators.
If there is overloading due to low energy production or very high energy
consumption, you must be able to switch off consumers.
Always switch off the consumers, never the energy generators (e.g., Sunny Boy).
SMA America, LLC Additional Functions
The figure shows an example of the settings if the load shedding function at night is to be avoided as
much as possible. From 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. the load shedding is activated for a state of charge
(SOC) of 40%, at nighttime (from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), however, the state of charge of the
battery is allowed to go down to 30% before the load shedding contactor is activated.
The load shedding function can be assigned a total of two times. Thus in the above listed parameters
the part "Lod1" (see Parameter 242.01 "Lod1SocTm1Str" "242.06 Lod1Tm2Str") for the first
assigned function, the part "Lod2" (see Parameter 242.07 "Lod2SocTm1Str" 242.12
"Lod2Tm2Str") for a second, identical function. These two battery statedependant loadshedding
functions allow a step by step load shedding where different load groups with different SOC values
can be defined with different priorities.
Define the time intervals t1 and t2:
Starting time t1: with the "242.05 Lod1Tm1Str" parameter, set the start time for t1
(and with it the end of t2).
Starting time t2: with the "242.06 Lod1Tm2Str" parameter, set the start time for t2
(and with it the end of t1).
If the time intervals t1 (Lod1Tm1Str) and t2 (Lod1Tm2Str) are consistent with one another,
only t1 will be activated.
Set the battery state of charge at which the time interval t1 or t2 will start/stop:
The battery state of charge during the t1 interval, the recognition of which will lead to the
loadshedding function being started: Parameter "242.01 Lod1SocTm1Str"
loadshedding function being stopped: Parameter "242.02 Lod1SocTm1Stp"
loadshedding function being started: Parameter "242.03 Lod1SocTm2Str"
loadshedding function being stopped: Parameter "242.04 Lod1SocTm2Stp"
Lod1SocTm2 Stp Lod1SocTm2 Stp
0h 6h
Lod1Tm1Str Lod1Tm2Str
Lod1SocTm1 Stp
22h 24h
Lod1SocTm2 Str Lod1SocTm2 Str
Lod1SocTm1 Str
t1
t2
t2
30
40
80
Soc [%]
12.2Sleep mode
Using the "250.10 SleepEna" parameter set to "Enable" allows the sleep mode to be activated in
1phase grids, which the master uses to switch off the slaves when the power value allows this.
12.3TimeControlled Operation
The Sunny Island can be operated in a timecontrolled manner using a timer function
(like a clock timer), supplying power at a planned point in time.
To do this, this function must be activated by using the "510.02 InvTmOpEna" parameter. Using the
"510.03 InvTmOpStrDt" parameter, you can specify the starting date, and using the
"510.04 InvTmStrTm", you specify the starting time. With the parameter "510.05 InvTmOpRnDur", you set
the running time and with the parameter "510.06 InvTmOpCyc", you determine whether this function will
be carried out once, every day or weekly, at or from the specified start time (date and time).
12.4Overload and ShortCircuit Behavior
The Sunny Island can be temporarily operated under overload conditions. It can also supply
shortcircuit currents.
In the event of overload the Sunny Island 4548US supplies a power of 5 300 W for 30 minutes at
77F (25C) and the Sunny Island 6048US a power of 7 000 W. Both Sunny Islands can deliver
a power of 7 200 W for 5 minutes at 77F (25C). The available power can even reach 8 400 W
for 1 minute at 77F (25C).
In the event of a shortcircuit the Sunny Island provides a maximum current of 180 A (for 60 ms).
This is sufficient to trigger commercial 20 A miniature circuitbreakers.
12.5Mixed operation with Sunny Islands of different powers
The Sunny Islands 4548-US, 6048-US and 5048U can be operated in an offgrid system together.
Each Sunny Island makes its contribution to cover the current power requirements of the consumer.
This contribution is made up of the ratio of the nominal power of each Sunny Island to the overall
power of all Sunny Islands.
If an SI 5048U is installed in an offgrid system configure the SI 5048U as slave or equip with the
latest firmware (see www.SMAAmerica.com).
Sleep mode
The "Sleep Mode" works exclusively in standalone grid operation! The values for
connection and disconnection of the Sunny Island are already set at the factory
(optimized in terms of efficiency).
SMA America, LLC Additional Functions
In a double splitphase system, each phase must be fitted with Sunny Islands of the same type
(e.g. 2 Sunny Island 6048US).
12.6Device Faults and Autostart
If a critical fault occurs, the Sunny Island automatically shuts down and displays the reason on the
display. If the autostart function is activated ("250.01 AutoStr" parameter) the Sunny Island can
confirm the failure automatically and restart on its own. If the failure persists, the Sunny Island cannot
be started.
12.7Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
Clocks that depend on the stability of the grid frequency for their accuracy become increasingly
inaccurate when there are constant frequency deviations. Frequency fluctuations, i.e., deviations from
the nominal frequency occur, for example, in standalone grid systems that operate with a diesel
generator.
The "Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)" (German: AFRA) function of the Sunny Island allows the
use of clocks in these types of offgrid power systems. This function is activated using the
"250.11 AfraEna" parameter.
The time deviation is compensated on average.
12.8TimeControlled Standby
You can set the Sunny Island to standby mode in a timecontrolled way. Activate the timecontrolled
standby using the parameter "250.13 SlpAtNgt". Set the parameter to "Enable".
After activation, set the start time and the stop time for standby. Carry out the setting using the
"250.14 SlpStrTm" and "250.15 SlpStpTm" parameters.
Automatic start meter
If the autostart meter has counted down to 0, the Sunny Island waits for 10 minutes before
attempting to restart automatically.
Displaying messages
Messages can be displayed at any time while the device is in operation and they have
priority over the "Home Screen" display.
Quartzcontrolled clock in the Sunny Island
The internal clock in the Sunny Island is quartzcontrolled and thus operates correctly
(within the tolerance limits). The adjustment refers to externally connected clocks that
depend on the grid frequency.
12.9Behavior in the event of a fault in a 3phase system
You can influence how the Sunny Island reacts to failures occurring in a 3phase system using the
"250.30 RnMod" parameter. The parameter is set to "RunAlways" at the factory. This means that the
Sunny Island master ignores all faults at the slave devices.
If you set the parameter to "StopAlways", the system will be put in standby mode upon detection of a
fault at the slave devices. Faults which can be removed via an autostart are not included.
SMA America, LLC Battery Management
13Battery Management
The battery management of the Sunny Island supports the following battery types
("221.01 BatTyp" parameter):
The battery capacity ("221.02 BatCpyNom" parameter) is to be entered as the nominal capacity for
a 20 hour discharge (C20). If this information is not available from the battery manufacturer's data
sheet, it can be calculated from the data for different discharge times (120 h, 100 h, 20 h, 5 h, 1 h)
in the following manner:
The Sunny Island is designed and preset for a nominal battery voltage ("221.03 BatVtgNom"
parameter) of 48 V (24 cells for every 2 V) with lead acid batteries (FLA and VRLA) and 45.6 V
(38 cells for every 1.2 V) with nickel cadmium batteries.
13.1Battery Temperature
The Sunny Island continuously monitors the battery temperature using the battery temperature sensor
provided. At 9F (5C) below the maximal temperature allowed (set using the parameter
"221.04 BatTmpMax"), a warning is displayed. If the maximum value for the battery temperature is
exceeded, the Sunny Island switches off.
A warning is given if the value for leadacid batteries falls below 14F (10C) and below 4F
(20C) for NiCd batteries.
The battery temperature is taken into consideration when the charging voltage is calculated
(see section 13.4Charge Control (page109)).
FLA Flooded Lead Acid: Closed lead acid batteries with liquid electrolyte in all
standard designs available on the market (grid plate, tubular plate, small,
large, etc.).
VRLA Valve Regulated Lead Acid: Closed lead acid batteries with immobilized
electrolyte in gel or AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat Separator) in all standard
designs available on the market (grid plate, tubular plate, small, large,
AGM, Gel, etc.)
NiCd Nickel Cadmium: Sealed pockettype plate or fiber plate nickelcadmium
batteries.
C20 C120/1.18 C20 C10/0.92
C20 C100/1.15 C20 C5/0.81
C20 C20 C20 C1/0.57
If individual battery cells fail over several years of continuous operation, the nominal
voltage can be set in the range from 42 V to 48 V. Up to three individual cells can be
removed and the plant can still continue to operate.
Battery Management SMA America, LLC
13.2Start Options
If the battery is replaced in a plant, the battery management system must be restarted and
reconfigured. This can be done using the "Quick Configuration Guide QCG"
(see section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG) (page67)).
13.3State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH)
The Sunny Island has a very precise internal state of charge calculation (display value
"120.01 BatSoc"). The procedure for calculating the state of charge is based on balancing the
ampere hours. This means that all currents flowing in and out of the battery are accumulated and
referred to the nominal capacity. In order to take into consideration faults caused by selfdischarge
and charging losses caused by gassing, these losses are already internally extracted. Unlike other
operations, no fixed charging factor must be set.
When the full charge states are reached, the battery state of charge is reset to values of 90%, 95%
or 100%, depending on how full battery was actually charged. If default settings are not changed, a
state of charge of 90% after boost charge, 95% after full charge and 100% after equalization charge
is reached.
Since full charge states are generally only rarely achieved during a grid failure, the operation used
here can also utilize the battery voltage during constant discharge phases with low discharge currents
to recalibrate the state of charge. Compared to the amperehour balancing method, the operation
used here exhibits a high level of stability over the long term when recalibrated at regular intervals.
Both the amperehour balancing method and the recalibration procedure, which is performed via the
voltage, automatically adjust to the connected battery over time (depends on the number of grid
failures).
The estimated state of charge error (display value "120.11 BatSocErr") will provide you with
continuous information on the accuracy of the battery state of charge currently calculated. The
average error will continuously diminish as the adjustment to the actual battery state of charge
increasingly improves.
NOTICE
Destruction of the battery through deep discharge.
If the battery temperature sensor is defective or missing, the Sunny Island continues to run,
assuming a battery temperature of 104F (40C). This can lead to a deep discharge of
the battery in the long run.
Observe the corresponding warnings of the Sunny Island.
Connect the battery temperature sensor.
Replace the defective battery temperature sensor.
Only when the battery is new does its usable capacity correspond to the capacity specified by the
battery manufacturer. As the battery ages and as a result of frequent insufficient charging, the battery's
usable capacity may decrease considerably on a permanent or only temporary basis.
The battery's state of health (display value "320.01 Soh") is a measurement of the present useable
capacity expressed as a percentage relative to the nominal capacity. 100% means that the entire
nominal capacity can be used. 50% means that only half of the original nominal battery capacity can
be used. The battery's state of health is also calculated by means of a selfadapting method which,
however, can only produce good and exact values after a number of charging cycles.
The present capacity for the Sunny Island is automatically adjusted downwards for temperatures <
68F (20C), since the usable capacity of batteries is significantly reduced at temperatures below
the nominal temperature.
In case of lead acid batteries, the nominal capacity is adjusted by a fixed factor of 0.6% /F
(1% / C). For NiCd batteries a factor of 0.4% /F (0.75% / C) is used.
13.4Charge Control
The Sunny Island uses a 3phase charge control, using the IUoU procedure. When operating with the
power distribution grid, a fourth level, Silent Mode, is optionally available.
The I stands for the constant current phase (I phase). In this phase, the charging is limited by the
maximum defined battery current (parameter "222.01 BatChrgCurMax"), the nominal generator
current (parameter "234.03 GnCurNom"), the nominal grid current (parameter
"232.03 GdCurNom") or the maximum AC charging current of the Sunny Island (parameter
"210.02 InvChrgCurMax"). The respective value reached first is the limiting value.
During this phase, the battery voltage increases as the battery is charged.
Once the battery voltage reaches the predefined value for the second phase Uo
("222.07 222.09", ChrgVtgBoost or ChrgVtgFul or ChrgVtgEqu parameters), the constant voltage
charging (absorption phase) begins.
In this phase, the battery voltage is maintained at a constant level, resulting in a continually decreasing
battery current. The Sunny Island remains in this phase for a defined period of time
("222.02 222.04", AptTmBoost or AptTmFul or AptTmEqu" parameters). For this charging phase,
the Sunny Island automatically selects one of three possible charging methods (boost, full, equalizing)
which are described in detail in sections 13.4.1Boost Charge (page111) to 13.4.3Equalization
Charge (page112). The remaining charging time (display value "120.04 AptTmRmg") of this phase
and the actual process (display value "120.05 BatChrgOp") can be read on the display.
The following figure shows the relationship and the process diagram of the charging phases and
charging processes.
Once this constant voltage phase is finished, the Sunny Island switches to maintenance charge which
again carries out constant voltage charging but at a greatly reduced charging voltage
("222.10 ChrgVtgFlo" parameter). The purpose of the maintenance charge is to keep the battery in
a fully charged state without causing premature aging through overcharging. The Sunny Island
remains in this phase until either more than 30% of the nominal capacity has been used
(all discharges are added up) or the state of charge is below 70%. When the Sunny Island is
operating on the power distribution grid, it can also switch from maintenance charge into silent mode.
Changing the charging voltage
The charging voltage does not change erratically. Instead, it slowly changes to the new
setpoint at a rate of approximately 0.5mV/cell*s when switching from constant voltage
charging to maintenance charge. This also happens if the setpoint is set manually.
The charging capability of batteries is highly dependent on the battery temperature. For temperatures
<77F (25C), the charging voltage must be slightly increased, and for temperatures > 77F (25C)
it must be slightly decreased. This is necessary to prevent overcharging and deep discharge reliably
at any battery temperature. For this reason, the Sunny Island is equipped with automatic temperature
compensation of the charging voltage. The battery charging voltage is adjusted by:
2 mV/F (4 mV/C) and cell, in the case of VLA and FRLA battery types
0 mV/F (0 mV/C), in the case of NiCd batteries
The temperature compensation value can be set using the parameter "222.11 BatTmpCps".
13.4.1Boost Charge
The boost charge is the most common charging process of the Sunny Island. The boost charge ensures
a high generator workload through a high charging voltage over a short period of time. With liquid
FLA lead acid batteries, this charge process should be used for gassing and thus compensating the
electrolytes. The boost charge process can charge the battery up to approx. 85% to 90%.
13.4.2Full Charge
Every 14 days or 8 nominal charge throughputs, the Sunny Island automatically initiates a full charge
(parameter "222.05 CycTmFul").
The objective is to recharge the battery to a state of charge of at least 95% and rectify possible effects
caused by an insufficient charge. Regular full charging approximately every 2 to 4 weeks can double
the service life of the battery.
Nominal charge throughput
A nominal charge throughput is reached when the sum of the discharge currents
corresponds to the nominal capacity of the battery.
Example: The battery has a nominal capacity of 100 Ah. A nominal charge throughput is
reached when the battery has been discharged 10 times for 1 hour by 10 A.
Change to a full charge
If the Sunny Island changes to full charge after a specific time of boost charge has elapsed,
the entire time of boost charge elapsed is considered for the full charge.
More than 1% of the nominal battery capacity is discharged
If more than 1% of the battery's nominal capacity is discharged during a full charge, 50%
of the time elapsed is considered for the next constant voltage phase.
External charging device
If an external charging device or charge controller is connected to the battery and the
criteria for a full charge are fulfilled due to external charging, the Sunny Island treats this
as if it had performed the full charge itself.
13.4.3Equalization Charge
A battery bank consists of many individual battery cells connected in series which all behave slightly
different. Over time, this results in different charge levels in the individual cells. This can lead to
premature failure, initially of individual cells, and finally to failure of the entire bank.
The Sunny Island can perform an equalization charge automatically every 180 days
("222.06 CycTmEqu" parameter) or every 30 nominal charge throughputs. During this process, it
performs controlled overcharging of the battery bank to ensure that even the weaker cells are fully
recharged. Equalization charging extends the battery service life by up to 50%. The automatic
equalization charging function can also be deactivated ("222.12 AutoEquChrgEna" parameter,
activated by default) or manually started ("520.01 ChrgSelMan" parameter).
13.4.4Manual equalization charge
The parameter "520.01 ChrgSelMan" activates the manual equalization charge on the Sunny Island.
If a generator is connected to the system, it is automatically started and stopped once the equalization
charge is completed.
Parallel procedures for full charge
Any parallel procedures causing the generator to stop during the full charging process are
not taken into account until the charging process is completed.
Change to an equalization charge
If the Sunny Island changes to equalization charge after a specific time of boost charging
or full charging has elapsed, these times are completely considered for the equalization
charge.
More than 1% of the nominal battery capacity is discharged
If more than 1% of the battery's nominal capacity is discharged during an equalization
charge, 50% of the time elapsed is considered for the next constant voltage phase.
External charging device
If an external charger or charge controller is connected to the battery and the criteria for
an equalization charge are fulfilled due to external charging, the Sunny Island treats this
as if it had performed the equalization charge itself.
Carrying out the equalization charge
An equalization charge should be performed at least once a year. After a long period of
time without charging, e. g., in the case of plants which are only operated seasonally,
manual equalization charges are required at the end or at the beginning of the season.
13.4.5Silent Mode
In addition to the maintenance charge, the silent mode can only be used
("224.01 SilentEna" parameter) when operating with the power distribution grid.
The main purpose of the silent mode is to save energy by switching from charge mode to standby
mode in utility backup systems where the Sunny Island is predominantly in float charge.
The silent mode is activated after the time set for maintenance charge
("224.02 SilentTmFlo" parameter) has expired. The Sunny Island remains in silent mode for a fixed
time ("224.03 SilentTmMax" parameter) or until the battery voltage per cell is 0.14 V lower than the
set voltage ("222.10 ChrgVtgFlo" parameter). This ensures that the battery is always fully charged,
even in silent mode. If a grid failure is detected during silent mode, the Sunny Island makes a
standalone grid available within 10 ms ... 30 ms.
13.5Battery Preservation Mode
The Sunny Island has a sophisticated battery preservation mode. The battery preservation mode
prevents deep discharge of the battery as far as possible when the energy supply is low, thus
preventing a total system failure as well as damage to the battery.
The battery preservation mode has three levels that are activated as a result of the state of charge
(when the charge falls below the respective limit, "223.05 BatPro1Soc", "223.06 BatPro2Soc" and
"223.07 BatPro3Soc" parameter):
Level 1: The first level is used to switch the Sunny Island into standby mode at times when the energy
is not necessarily required (e.g., at night). You define the start time using the "223.01 BatPro1TmStr"
parameter and the stop time using the "223.02 BatPro1TmStp" parameter.
Level 2: The second level of the battery preservation mode ensures that the Sunny Island is started
regularly every two hours only in the time period during which energy supply is expected, and that it
attempts to charge the battery from the AC side. For PV plants, this is during the day. In this case, you
define the start time using the parameter "223.03 BatPro2TmStr" and the stop time using the
parameter "223.04 BatPro2TmStp" parameter.
Level 3: The third level ensures that the battery is protected from deep discharge and thus protected
against damage. In this case, the Sunny Island is switched off completely. To start it, see section
9.5Reactivating the Device Following Automatic Shutdown (page75).
At all three levels, the Sunny Island is stopped only if no battery charging current flows within
10 minutes (limit: 3 A charging current).
The limits for all three levels can be set independently from each other. This allows individual levels to
be skipped.
For level 1 and 2, a hysteresis of 5% of the SOC state of charge is designated for exiting this state.
Battery preservation mode is not automatically exited if an external voltage source (grid
reconnection/generator start) is present.
The battery preservation mode can be exited by manually starting the Sunny Island. If, within
10 minutes (see above), charging current is detected, the Sunny Island continues to operate;
otherwise, it switches off again.
13.6Battery Diagnostics
The "320# Battery Diagnosis" menu displays several values that provide information on the past
operational behavior of the battery. These values are helpful in checking the efficiency of the set
parameters and in viewing the typical operating conditions of the battery
(see section 19.3Diagnosis (300#) (page190)).
Parameter BatPro1Soc < BatPro2Soc
If the BatPro1Soc parameter < BatPro2Soc, level 1 is skipped and only level 2 is carried
out.
In inverter operation the Sunny Island loads the battery by 25 W. If the device is in standby
mode, only the onboard power supply, which requires approx. 4 W, is powered. This
results in a saving of 21 W.
Using the conditions described in level 1 of the battery preservation mode for conversion
purposes and assuming an operation time from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., this results in
336 Wh/day. This in turn corresponds to 7 Ah at 48 V and thus 210 Ah per month
(30 days).
13.7Battery Lead Resistance
In menu "221# Battery Property", you can specify the battery lead resistance (BatWirRes).
The resistance is the ohmic resistance from the battery to the input of the Sunny Island master device.
The default value of the parameter "221.06 BatWirRes" is 0 m .
The resistance is made up of the resistance of line 1 + fuse + resistance of line 2:
R = R (line 1) + R (fuse 1) + R (line 2).
The following applies:
= specific resistance for copper
L = length of the line in m (1 m = 3
9
/
32
ft.)
A = crosssection area of the conductor in mm
2
(for conversion of cable
sizes see page 42)
Batfuse
R (resistance 1) at the Batfuse is approx. 1 m .
Connecting External Sources SMA America, LLC
14Connecting External Sources
The Sunny Island supports the integration of external energy sources. Here, a distinction is made
between the integration of a generator and the integration of the power distribution grid.
Both the generator as well as the power distribution grid are integrated through the AC2 connection
of the Sunny Island. A 1phase, a splitphase and a 3phase connection can be established. In the
case of 1phase parallel operation, the transfer relays are operated in parallel, making it possible to
use a correspondingly larger current, which in turn allows for a generator or grid connections with a
higher capacity
The Sunny Island has separate parameters for the grid and generator. This generally allows both
operating modes to be used without making additional adjustments. The parameter settings and
display values distinguish between settings or values which are generatorspecific or gridspecific and
settings or values (EXT) common to both grid and generator.
14.1Generator
The Sunny Island can start or stop a generator depending on consumer power or battery state of
charge. In this case, diverse limits and times are taken into consideration
(see section 14.1.5Automatic Generator Operation (page122)).
Extended Generator Management
If necessary, the Sunny Island and generator supply consumers together. The total of the (nominal)
power of both energy sources is available in the standalone grid.
14.1.1Connecting in Parallel
In the case of Sunny Islands connected in parallel which operate on the same phase and in the same
cluster, the internal transfer relay is activated simultaneously. It is thus possible to multiply the
generator current and therefore to connect a larger generator or a higher grid current.
The maximum current in the system is limited to 150 A:
Connecting in a 1phase parallel system:
When installing parallel 1phase systems, the connection cables for AC1 and AC2 of all
Sunny Islands must have the same cable crosssections and cable lengths.
Maximum number of Sunny Island Maximum current
1 Sunny Island 56 A
2 Sunny Island 112 A
3 Sunny Island 150 A
SMA America, LLC Connecting External Sources
Sunny Island parallel connected to a 120 V generator
Sunny Island in the splitphase system to a 240 V generator
Generally the internal transfer relays of the slaves close only if the internal relay of the master is
closed.
Plants with master and slave unit on one battery (cluster operation) will keep on working if one slave
fails. If the master fails, the whole cluster stops its operation.
14.1.2Generator Start Options
The Sunny Island supports the following options for starting the generator which can be set in standby
mode with the "234.07 GnStrMod" parameter:
Manual
Autostart
Manual (Manual Generator Start)
This setting is for generators that do not have an electrical remote starting option and, for example,
are started using cable winches or cranks, or similarly.
In this case, the Sunny Island does not have the option of starting the generator. It only monitors the
generator input (AC2). If, while monitoring the input, the device detects that the generator voltage
and frequency are within the set limits (see 14.1.6Limits and Power Adjustment (page125)),
the device is synchronized and connected following the warmup time.
The following figure shows the wiring for a generator that cannot be started remotely:
The generator is also always switched off manually. The Sunny Island then automatically switches to
operation without generator.
Cable lengths and crosssections
Use the same cable lengths and cable crosssections when installing the Sunny Island with
the generator.
Autostart
This allows autostart generators to be directly integrated. They have a separate internal controller that
controls the start procedure.
The Sunny Island requests the generator via the GnReq signal. If the generator voltage and frequency
are within the set limits (see section 14.1.6Limits and Power Adjustment (page125)), the device is
synchronized and connected following the warm up time.
The Sunny Island keeps the request signal active until a disconnection is made and the set followup
time has expired.
The following figure shows the wiring for a generator capable of autostart:
GenReq signal
The GnReq signal (see 15Relays (page139)) is set for signaling the generator request
and can thus be used as an alarm contact (in this case: a bulb). If no request is pending,
the signal is reset.
If an internal request is sent while the generator is already running, the signal is disabled
until the generator is externally stopped and the stop time has expired (30 seconds).
Disconnect generator
A disconnect should be positioned between the Sunny Island and the generator. If the
generator is to be stopped, it is first manually disconnected using the disconnect and then
it is stopped. This prevents actuation of the generator by the Sunny Island.
Afterrun
Autostart generators can have an internal afterrun cycle that is only activated when the
request has been disabled. This can extend the followup time accordingly.
Internal warmup phase
With some generator types, the voltage is only switched to the output after the internal
warmup phase is finished. Therefore the time of the generator activation sequence is
monitored internally:
2 x "234.12 GnWarmTm" + 2 minutes for manual and automatic start
If the generator is started manually in this operating mode, the Sunny Island detects the running
generator and connects it once the warmup time has expired. If the generator is externally stopped,
this is detected, the generator is disconnected and the standalone grid system is continued to be
supplied.
14.1.3Generator Operation
The Sunny Island allows automatic operation (depending on state of charge or load)
(see 14.1.5Automatic Generator Operation (page122)). In addition, manual operation is also
possible.
14.1.4Manual Generator Operation
The manual operating modes for the generator management are tripped using the "540.01
GnManStr" parameter. Here, a distinction is made between the following operating modes:
PV array request
If the generator is running after being externally started and a generator request occurs,
the GnReq signal is disabled until the generator is externally stopped again and the stop
time has expired.
Auto: In this operating mode, the generator is automatically started due to the settings. This
includes the start via the state of charge or the consumer power or by the request for
a manual equalization charge.
("520.01 ChrgSelMan" = Start).
Stop: The generator is manually stopped. The current generator request is canceled
immediate disconnection from generator and change to lock state. Once the lockout
time has ended, the generator switches into automatic operation.
An equalization charge can be manually started using the "520.01 ChrgSelMan" parameter. This
sets the battery management (see 13Battery Management (page107)) in the equalization charge
state and the generator is requested. This request persists until equalization charge has been
completed.
The following process diagrams provide an overview of the start/stop behavior of the Sunny Island
during manual generator operation:
Generator Interface "234.07 GnStrMod" = Manual; Start at the Generator
Generator Interface "234.07 GnStrMod" = Autostart; Start at the Generator
Start: Manual generator start the generator runs "continuously" until stopped. The
generator can only be manually stopped.
Run1h: Operation for one hour. Once the lockout time has expired, the transition back into
automatic mode follows.
1 Manual generator start
2 "Generator is running" detected, beginning of warm up phase
3 Internal generator request is ignored
4 Warmup phase is completed, generator is connected
5 Generator current limit
6 Current is reduced, battery absorption phase
7 Manual generator stop, disconnection of the generator
8 Minimum stop time has expired
* Transfer relay
3 Warmup phase completed
4 Generator is connected
7 Manual generator stop, disconnection of the generator
8 Generator is disconnected, beginning of stop time
9 End of stop time
* Transfer relay
14.1.5Automatic Generator Operation
In automatic operating mode ("235.01 GnAutoEna" parameter), the Sunny Island automatically
defines the settings (depending on battery state of charge or load) as to when the generator starts
and how long it runs. The automatic operating mode is activated using GnAutoEna = On (default).
If GnAutoEna = Off, the automatic operating mode is deactivated.
In addition, the user can also manually start and stop the generator, if required.
Charge State Dependent Start
The time periods t1 and t2 are defined using the "235.07 GnTm1Str" and "235.08 GnTm2Str"
parameters. The start time for t1 (and thus the end of t2) is defined using GnTm1Str, and the start time
for t2 (end of t1) is defined using GnTm2Str.
The time intervals t1 and t2 are assigned charge states for startup and stop with the "235.03
GnSocTm1Str", "235.04 GnSocTm1Stp", "235.05 GnSocTm2Str" and "235.06 GnSocTm2Stp"
parameters. GnSocTm1Str designates the battery state of charge at which the generator is started
during the t1 time and GnSocTm1Stp designates the state of charge at which the generator is
switched off during t1. The GnSocTm2Str and GnSocTm2Stp parameters are similarly defined during
the time t2.
The following figure shows an example of the settings if operation of the generator at night is to be
avoided as much as possible. From 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. the generator is activated at a state of
charge (SOC) of 40%, at night (from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), however, the state of charge of the
battery is allowed to drop to 30% before the diesel generator is activated.
The Sunny Island changes to the operating mode "Stop/Lock" when stopped manually
during automatic operation.
Manual inputs on the Sunny Island have a higher priority than automatic operation.
If the Sunny Island is manually stopped while the automatic operating mode is
activated, it switches to stop/lock operating mode.
If Generator Automatic Start is activated and the conditions for automatic operation
are met, the Sunny Island changes back into the Start operating mode after lock time
(or manual acknowledgment with the "540.02 GnAck" parameter).
GnTm1Str = GnTm2Str
If GnTm1Str = GnTm2Str, only t1 is activated!
LoadDependent Start
In case increased energy demands arise, the generator can be requested for support. This function
can be switched on or off (default) using the "235.09 GnPwrEna" parameter. The function is only
effective if the "235.01 GnAutoEna" parameter is simultaneously set to On.
The load limit for the request and the generator stop is configured using the "235.10 GnPwrStr" and
"235.11 GnPwrStp" parameters. The average time by which an average value for the consumer
power is calculated can be set using "235.12 GnPwrAvgTm". This prevents temporary power
consumption peaks of a few seconds from causing a powerdependent generator start.
If the generator has been started due to the load, it runs according to the minimum generator run time.
If, once this time has expired, the average power is below the cutoff limit, the generator is stopped
again.
Reaching the float charging process
If the float charging process (see section 13.4Charge Control (page109)) is activated
before the cutoff limit (GnSocTm1Stp or GnSocTm2Stp) is reached, the generator request
is disabled again. If a full or equalization charge is active, the generator is only stopped
after this charge is completed and not when "235.04 GnSocTm1Stp" or
"235.06 GnSocTm2Stp" is reached.
Multiphase System
Only the total consumer power of all phases is monitored. Individual phases in a
multiphase system are not monitored.
The consumer power is calculated using the inverter power ("111.01 TotInvPwrAt"
parameter) and generator power ("131.01 TotExtPwrAt" parameter).
The following process diagrams provide an overview of the start/stop behavior of the Sunny Island
during automatic generator operation:
Generator Interface "234.07 GnSrtMod" = Manual; Request Via Sunny Island
Generator Interface "234.07 GnSrtMod" = Autostart; Request Via Sunny Island
1 Generator is requested via Sunny Island
4 Warmup phase is completed, connection
6 Minimum run time has expired
8 Charging process is completed, request signal is disabled
9 Manual PV array stop
10 Generator is disconnected
11 Stop time has expired
1 Generator started by Sunny Island
2 Generator start
3 Beginning of warm up time
4
Warmup time has expired
5 Generator is connected
6 Current limit
7 Minimum running time is expired
9 Charging process is completed, generator disconnection
10
Generator followup time expired, generator disconnection
11 Stop time has expired
PowerDependent Generator Start
Warm up times, minimum run times and followup times are also maintained for power
dependent generator starts.
14.1.6Limits and Power Adjustment
The voltage limits can be set using the "234.01 GnVtgMin" and "234.02 GnVtgMax" parameters
and the frequency limits for generator operation can be set using the "234.05 GnFrqMin" and
"234.06 GnFrqMax" parameters. If the values are outside these permitted limits, the generator is
disconnected. Slightly narrower limits apply to generator connection.
The voltage and frequency limits are monitored in phases. At least the phase on the master device
must comply with the limits defined for connecting the generator. If the limits are not maintained, slave
devices, where applicable, connect or disconnect individually.
The Sunny Island burdens the generator at each phase with the current defined in the parameter
"234.03 GnCurNom" as a maximum. The power that is not directly used by the consumers flows into
the battery for charging. At the same time, the limits for the AC charging current limit
("210.02 InvChrgCurMax" parameter) on the Sunny Island and the DC charging current limit
("222.01 BatChrgCurMax" parameter) are active.
Low values for this limit may be the reason why the defined generator current cannot be adjusted. If
the battery voltage reaches the charging voltage target value, it is also reduced
(absorption phase, see section 13.4Charge Control (page109)).
If the "234.15 GnCtlMod" parameter is set to CurFrq, the generator is also limited at frequencies
lower than the nominal frequency ("234.04 GnFrqNom" parameter). This function can be used if the
full generator output is not always available and you want to prevent the generator from being
overloaded. The default setting is only intended to control the nominal generator current.
If the current set using the "234.03 GnCurNom" parameter is not sufficient for powering the loads,
the battery provides support ("real generator support").
The Sunny Island provides all the required reactive power.
System voltage (AC)
The system voltage (AC) depends on the generator voltage when the generator is running.
Generator disconnection by the master
If the master device disconnects the generator, all slave devices are disconnected as well.
Generator disconnection by a slave
If a slave device is disconnected from a generator (and the master continues to be
connected to the generator), the slave device can reconnect once the voltage and
frequency are within the valid range again.
In this case, a monitoring period is running. Only after the time for the "234.12
GnWarmTm" parameter has expired and after voltage and frequency are determined to
be valid does reconnection take place.
Value for "234.03 GnCurNom" parameter
A sensible value for the "234.03 GnCurNom" parameter is approximately 80% of the
maximum generator current for each phase.
14.1.7Run Times
If the generator is started (or the Sunny Island detects an external generator start), the warm up phase
starts. If, during this time, the voltage or frequency detected is not within the permissible range, the
warmup time begins again.
If the generator cannot be connected at the GenMan within twice the time set at "234.12
GnWarmTm" + 2 minutes, the connection process is canceled and a new attempt is made. After three
attempts, the system changes to error state (Fail "GnNoSync").
If the generator has been connected, the minimum run time begins ("233.08 GnOpTmMin"
parameter). The generator remains connected during this time, even if in the meantime the generator
request is no longer pending.
If the minimum run time has ended and a generator request is no longer present, the generator
disconnects and enters the afterrun phase (Cool). If this powerdown phase is completed after the
"234.10 GnCoolTm" time, the generator is stopped.
If a generator fault (e.g., generator failure) is detected, the generator is also disconnected and then
stopped immediately. In doing so, the followup time is skipped.
Once the stop time ("234.09 GnStpTmMin" parameter) has elapsed, the generator is ready for the
next request.
If a generator fault is detected several times and the number of autostarts ("235.02 GnAutoStr"
parameter) has been exceeded, the system transitions into the locked error state.
This state lasts for the time period set at "234.11 GnErrStpTm". Once this time has expired, the
generator is ready for another attempt.
The "133.03 GnRmgTm" display value is used to display the remaining time of the generator meter.
Disabling the internal generator request
An internal generator request is disabled during the afterrun time and stop time or in error
state.
Autostart meter
The recording of autostarts is only reset after the generator has been successfully
connected and the minimum run time has expired or when the locked error state (Fail Lock)
is disabled.
Error state
The error state and the locked error state can be canceled by confirming the generator fault
("540.02 GnAck" parameter).
Depending on the current request or the phase in which the generator state machine is, the following
times are displayed:
Remaining time of Run1h
Remaining run time during the warmup phase (Warm)
Remaining minimum run time in operation (Run)
Remaining run time during the followup time (Cool)
Remaining stop time after the followup time has expired (Lock)
Remaining time in the error state (Fail)
Remaining time in the locked error state (FailLock)
14.1.8Operation Together with PV Inverters
If the battery is fully charged, the frequency limits the power output of the AC feedin generators
(Sunny Boy). If the generator is now manually started, for example, the frequency would be lowered,
if required, as the Sunny Island synchronizes with the generator. The AC feedingin generators (Sunny
Boys) would then feed additional energy into the system and possibly overload the batteries. In order
to prevent this, in this case the standalone grid frequency is temporarily increased, in line with the
synchronization, until the AC feedin generators (Sunny Boy) are disconnected from the standalone
grid system as a result of the grid limits being exceeded.
NOTICE
Incorrectly plant designs will result in excessive AC power of the PV inverter. Damage to
the Sunny Island.
The maximum AC power of the PV inverters connected should not exceed 9 kW per
SI 4548-US-10 or 12 kW per SI 6048-US-10.
Observe the following:
P
AC max
of the PV inverter = 2 x P
AC nom
of the Sunny Island
14.1.9Stopping the Generator
If the generator was started via the Sunny Island (automatically or manually), it can be manually
stopped at any time using the "540.01 GnManStr" parameter. This disconnects the generator (the
minimum run time is not taken into account here) and the afterrun time (Cool) is skipped. Afterwards,
the system enters the stop time (Lock).
14.1.10Stopping the Sunny Island
If the Sunny Island is stopped by the user, the generator is immediately disconnected. The generator
is then stopped (generator request, GnReq, is disabled). The power down phase (Cool) is skipped
and the system enters the stop time.
14.1.11Interferences
Reverse Power
If the reverse power ("234.13 GnRvPwr" parameter) set for the "234.14 GnRvTm" time is exceeded,
the generator is disconnected and stopped. The followup time (Cool, parameter "234.10
GnCoolTm") is skipped and the system transitions into the minimum stop time (Lock). After reverse
power, connection is blocked for at least "231.03 ExtLkTm" or "234.09 GnStpTmMin".
DANGER
Electric shock through residual voltage in the offgrid system due to generator shutoff
delays. Death or serious injuries.
The shutoff delay times depend on the generator type. During the followup time, there is
still grid voltage at the loads.
Wait until there is no voltage measurement.
Measure voltage to ensure that none is present in the system.
Generators with manual start option
Generators with the "manual" start option can generally only be started and stopped at the
generator.
Generator start prevented
If the generator start is to be disabled after a manual stop, this must be performed by setting
the "235.01 GnAutoEna" parameter to "Off".
If the generator is started directly at the generator management box or the generator, it
can only be stopped there again. Stopping the Sunny Island here only disconnects the
generator and the system transitions into the stop time (Lock).
Generator Failure
If a generator failure is detected (failure on the master phase), the generator is disconnected
immediately and a stop signal occurs on generator. The system enters the minimum stop time (Lock).
Generator Phase Failure
The failure of a phase (e.g. broken fuse) on a slave device is treated as a phase failure. The slave
device then disconnects this phase. If the phase is detected as being available again, it is reconnected
after the warm up time "234.12 GnWarmTm" has elapsed.
The phase failure on the master device is treated as a generator failure (see above).
Slave Device Failure
You can influence the behavior of the cluster upon failure of a slave device. For more information,
see section 12.9Behavior in the event of a fault in a 3phase system (page106).
14.2Grid
The Sunny Island supports the operation of grid backup systems. Here, a distinction is made between
two main states: either a power distribution grid and standalone grid system are connected or a
power distribution grid and standalone grid system are disconnected. The operating mode of the
inverter is derived from this. If the standalone grid power system is disconnected, the Sunny Island
alone is responsible for powering this standalone grid system. If the power distribution grid is
connected to the standalone grid system, the standalone grid system is powered from the power
distribution grid. In this case, the voltage and frequency in the standalone grid are identical with the
power distribution grid.
14.2.1Limits of the voltage range and frequency range
In order to operate on the grid, very strict limits (for voltage and frequency) must generally be
maintained. These strict limits are not sensible for generator operation. The limits are therefore set
separately for grid operation and the generator limits are not used.
Reverse Power
Observe the reverse power which the Sunny Island can generate. The generator must
provide this protection, observe the indications of the generator manufacturers regarding
this!
Operating mode "Grid Charge"
Under specific conditions, the system can also temporarily feed energy from the offgrid
power system into the power distribution grid in the GridCharge operating mode
("232.08 GdMod" parameter).
Default settings
The default settings for limits during grid operation comply with the following standards:
For 120V_60Hz: UL1741
14.2.2Starting the Sunny Island
The Sunny Island always starts in standalone grid operation. Once the device is operating, it checks
for the presence and validity (voltage and frequency) of the external grid.
14.2.3Operation in the event of grid failure in a gridtie backup
configuration
If power distribution grid fails, the Sunny Island supplies the requirements of the protected load switch.
At the same time the Sunny Island serves as the voltage source for Sunny Boy inverters or any other
gridcompatible current sources.
If the supply of energy from the current sources such as Sunny Boy inverters exceeds the demands of
the protected load switch, the energy surplus will be used by the Sunny Island to charge the batteries.
14.2.4Backup Operation and Antiislanding
In general, Sunny Boys in backup systems are working for feeding energy into the power distribution
grid. According to UL1741 an AntiIslanding has to be active. During normal operation, the
Sunny Island performs this verification. The battery inverter is connected to the Sunny Boy via a CAT5
cable using a RS485 communication. This communication line tells the Sunny Boy that the
Sunny Island is active and monitors the power distribution grid.
Whenever this information is missing (in the event of maintenance or interference) the Sunny Boys
switch from the "OffGrid" setting to the "grid tied" setting and takes on the antiislanding function. This
ensures that an AntiIslanding is active at all times according to UL1741 when feeding into the power
distribution grid.
If the Sunny Island continues working it orders the Sunny Boys to switch back to the "OffGrid" setting
and performs the antiislanding.
This function can be realized with the Sunny Islands in combination with the PV inverters Sunny Boy
3000US, 3800US, 4000US, 5000US, 6000US, 7000US and 8000US.
RS485 PiggyBacks must be installed in both the Sunny Island and in the Sunny Boys. In addition, a
CAT5 cable is needed.
14.2.5Grid Reconnection
In standalone grid operation, the Sunny Island constantly checks whether the grid has been
reconnected (see above). The following conditions have to be fulfilled to guarantee that the
Sunny Island synchronizes with the supply grid and connects to the supply grid:
The frequency of the power distribution grid has to be between the values of the
"232.05 GdFrqMin" and 5V below the "232.06 GdFrqMax" parameter for the time defined in
the "232.07 GdVldTm" parameter.
The voltage of the power distribution grid has to be between the values of the
"232.01 GdVtgMin" and 5V below the "232.02 GdVtgMax" parameter for the time defined
in the "232.07 GdVldTm" parameter.
14.2.6Grid operation
During grid operation, the power distribution grid and standalone grid are connected.
The Sunny Island is connected along with the standalone grid system to the power distribution grid.
In this case, the voltage and frequency in both grids are identical.
In grid operation, the grid monitoring checks whether the permissible limits for voltage and frequency
(see Grid Reconnection) are maintained or whether the grid fails to assume powering the standalone
grid system. For this, the power distribution grid is disconnected (grid replacement operation).
The battery is generally charged or its charge is maintained on the grid.
Charge Mode
Charge mode on the grid is indicated by energy flowing to the battery. The battery is charged until
the respective charge process (Boost, Full, Equalize) has been completed and the system changes to
float charge (Float) (see section 13.4Charge Control (page109)).
Grid as generator: Charging the Sunny Island via the grid to avoid deep
discharge
You can configure the Sunny Island in such way, that it charges its battery automatically via the grid
as soon as the state of charge is low. To activate this function, set the "232.41 GdSocEna parameter
to "Enable" and the "560.01 GdManStr parameter to "Auto."
Grid failures
All grid failures affect the standalone grid during grid operation.
Manual grid start deactivates settings for automatic grid start
Via the "560.01 GdManStr parameter you can define whether the grid is to be connected
or not.
"Stop": the power distribution grid will never be connected
"Start": the power distribution grid is always connected
"Auto": power distribution grid connects automatically and protects the battery from
deep discharge
The following chapter describes how to perform the settings for an automatic grid start.
The Sunny Island connects to the grid, when the state of charge of its batteries lies within the limits
determined by the following parameters:
"233.01 GdSocTm1Str "233.02 GdSocTm1Stp"
"233.03 GdSocTm2Str "233.04 GdSocTm2Stp
The Sunny Islands differentiates between two time periods, for which you can set different limiting
values to connect and disconnect the grid using the parameters mentioned above: These two time
periods are subdivided via the following parameters:
"233.05 GdTm1Str
"233.06 GdTm2Str
The Sunny Island charges its batteries using the battery charging process which is set via the
parameter "233.09 GdStrChrgMod".
Grid as generator: connecting the grid as soon as the loads request high power
from the Sunny Island
You can configure the Sunny Island in such way that it automatically connects to the grid, as soon as
the connected loads request high power from the Sunny Island. To activate this function, set the
"232.42 GdPwrEna parameter to "Enable". The Sunny Island connects to the grid, when the power
requested by the loads, lies within the limits that are defined by the following parameters:
"233.07 GdPwrStr" "233.08 GdPwrStp"
Feeding into the grid
If the parameter "232.08 GdMod" is set to GridFeed, the Sunny Island can feed into the
grid, despite "232.42 GdPwrEna" is enabled or disabled.
Silent Mode
In order to save energy, the silent mode can be activated using the "224.01 SilentEna" parameter set
to "Enable" (default Disable). In this case, the Sunny Island is set to standby mode if the charge has
been completed and the battery has been in float charge for some time (see section 13.4.5Silent
Mode (page113)).
The silent mode is exited regularly to recharge the battery.
In a 1phase parallel Sunny Island system, only the master detects a grid failure in silent mode.
The slaves do not detect a grid failure in silent mode.
Feedin operation
Whether energy is fed from the offgrid power system into the power distribution grid is controlled
using the "232.08 GdMod" parameter.
The crosssection of the lines to the power distribution grid must be appropriate for the maximum
current. This ensures that the Sunny Island can feed into the power distribution grid with a full battery
and at full solar irradiation.
In all cases, make sure to consult your network operator if grid feedin is possible.
If GdCharge is set, no energy is fed into the grid. If GridFeed (Default) is set, energy is fed into the
grid.
AC feedin generators on the standalone grid side (Sunny Boy) can feed their energy into the grid
through the internal transfer relay of the Sunny Island; for limitations, see section 14.1.6Limits and
Power Adjustment (page125).
Feeding into the grid on the DC side
In order to allow electricity to be fed from the DC side into the grid, the battery voltage in
a charged battery (on the grid) must be increased by external DC chargers or the
Sunny Island Charger above the nominal charging voltage.
The following illustration shows the direction of energy flow for the "Net Metering" and the energy
consumption from the power distribution grid.
14.2.7Grid Failure
A grid failure is characterized by the voltage or frequency being outside of the permissible limits
(see section 14.2.5Grid Reconnection (page130)) or the power distribution grid being
disconnected. In this case, the time limits are relevant: Smaller deviations are permitted for longer than
large deviations (see section 14.2.1Limits of the voltage range and frequency range (page129)).
In case of a grid fault/failure, the power distribution grid is disconnected and the inverter starts, from
silent mode.
Waking up from the silent mode
If the Sunny Island is in silent mode when there is a power distribution grid failure, there is
a short grid failure in the standalone grid (see section 13.4.5Silent Mode (page113)).
14.2.8Interferences
Reverse Power
If the defined reverse power ("232.09 GdRvPwr" parameter) is exceeded for the time
"232.10 GdRvTm", the grid is disconnected. After reverse power, connection is blocked for at least
"231.03 ExtLkTm".
Grid failure
If a grid failure is detected (failure on the master phase), the grid is disconnected immediately.
Grid Phase Failure
The failure of a phase (e.g. broken fuse) on a slave device is treated as a phase failure. The slave
device then disconnects this phase. If the phase is detected as being available again, it is reconnected.
The phase failure on the master device is treated as a grid failure (see above).
Slave Device Failure
If a slave fails, the system continues to operate using the remaining devices of the cluster.
14.2.9Limits and Power Adjustment
The Sunny Island burdens the grid at each phase with the current defined in the parameter
"232.03 GdCurNom". The power that is not directly used by the consumers flows into the battery for
charging. At the same time, the limits for the AC charging current limit ("210.02 InvChrgCurMax"
parameter) on the Sunny Island and the DC charging current limit ("222.01 BatChrgCurMax"
parameter) are active. If the battery voltage reaches the charging voltage target value, it is also
reduced (see section 13.4Charge Control (page109)).
If the current set using the parameter "232.03 GdCurNom" is not sufficient for powering the
consumers, the battery provides support.
Silent mode active
When silent mode is activated, the grid cannot be supported!
The grid may temporarily fail. This way, the voltage fed to the loads will be interrupted for
a short time.
14.2.10Operation Together with PV Inverters
Since electricity is fed into the grid through the relay of the Sunny Island, it must be prevented from
overloading. For this reason, reverse power monitoring is used that, if required, disconnects the
connection to the power distribution grid if the reverse power limit is exceeded.
If the battery is fully charged, the frequency limits the power output of the AC feedingin generators
(PV inverter) in the standalone grid. If the grid is now reconnected, the frequency would be lowered,
if required, as the Sunny Island is synchronized with the grid. The AC feedin generators would then
feed additional energy into the system and possibly overload the batteries. In order to prevent this, in
this case the standalone grid frequency is temporarily increased, in line with the synchronization, until
the AC feedin generators are disconnected from the standalone grid system as a result of the grid
limits being exceeded.
NOTICE
Overload of the Sunny Island through high currents. Destruction of the Sunny Island.
If the current via the relay exceeds the maximum permissible current, the Sunny Island
disconnects from the grid (relay protection).
The quantity of PV output installed in the standalone grid must never exceed the
maximum quantity allowed by the AC input (see section 22Technical Data
(page221)).
14.3Generator and Grid
In addition to the power distribution grid, a generator can also be integrated into a standalone grid
system as a secondary protective measure. This is particularly useful in case of longterm grid failures,
even if the battery size is no longer sufficient to bridge the failure after a period of time.
The common solution in such cases is using a transfer switch, which can be purchased as a manual
or automatic switch. By using such a switch, a diesel generator is connected to the AC2 connection,
to which the power distribution grid is normally connected, as displayed in the figure below:
To use such a switch, carry out the installation as follows.
1. Connect the negative pole of the DigIn connection on the Sunny Island to the negative pole of
the BatVtgOut connection, also located on the Sunny Island.
2. Connect the positive pole of the DigIn connection to a NO connection of an auxiliary contact
of the transfer switch.
NOTICE
Abrupt switching from the power distribution grid to the generator and vice versa.
Destruction of the Sunny Island.
If an automatic switch is installed, make sure that it completely disconnects the
Sunny Island from the grid and from the generator for at least 5 seconds.
If a manual switch is installed, leave the switch in the OFF position for at least
5 seconds before switching to the new position.
Refer to the download area at www.SMAAmerica.com for further information on
how to install a switch for connecting the Sunny Island to the power distribution grid
and to a generator.
3. Connect the positive pole of the BatVtgOut connection to the second contact of the same
auxiliary contact on the transfer switch.
An auxiliary contact is used because the Sunny Island must know whether it is connected to the
power distribution grid or whether it must manage a diesel generator.
To enable such a kind of operation, you must set the "231.06 ExtSrc" parameter to "GenGrid"
(see section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG) (page67)).
Settings performed on the generator and grid
All the settings made for the generator and grid in the submenus also apply to the
"GenGrid selection.
SMA America, LLC Relays
15Relays
The Sunny Island offers you several options for the control of internal and external processes. For this
purpose, two relays are integrated into the device, to which you can assign functions using the
parameters "241.01 Rly1Op" and "241.02 Rly2Op".
You can find more information on both relays in section 6.4.4Multifunction Relay 1 and 2
(page56). The different settings have the following meanings:
Function/Setting Significance Function description
Off off Relay remains permanently switched
off (deactivated).
On On Relay remains permanently switched
on (e.g. relay function test during
commissioning).
AutoGn Automatic generator request The generator is automatically
activated due to set criteria
(see section 14.1.5Automatic
Generator Operation (page122)).
AutoLodExt Automatic load shedding dependent
on an external source
Automatic connection / disconnection
of loads. Connection only occurs if the
device is connected to an external
source (e.g. generator), or if the
Lod1Soc limits are exceeded
(see section 12.1Load Shedding
(page102)).
AutoLodSoc1 Auto LoadShedding Soc1 Automatic connection / disconnection
of loads. Connection if Lod1Soc limits
are exceeded (see section 12.1Load
Shedding (page102)).
AutoLodSoc2 Auto LoadShedding Soc2 Automatic load disconnection.
Connection if Lod2Soc limts are
exceeded (see section 12.1Load
Shedding (page102)).
Tm1 Timer 1
(timecontrolled switching of relay 1)
Programmable timer (once, daily,
weekly) with duty cycle.
Tm2 Timer 2
(timecontrolled switching of relay 2)
Programmable timer (once, daily,
weekly) with duty cycle.
AptPhs Absorption phase is active Relay switching when battery charge is
in absorption phase.
GnRn Generator active Relay switching when generator is in
operation and connected.
ExtVfOk External voltage and frequency is OK External voltage and frequency are
within the valid range for connection.
Relays SMA America, LLC
GdOn Power distribution grid Relay switching when power
distribution grid is available and
connected.
Error Error Sunny Island has a fault; in case of
fault, contact is open
(relay is deactivated).
Warn Warning The Sunny Island has warning
pending.
Run Run Sunny Island is in operation, contact is
closed (relay is activated) if the device
is running in inverter operation.
BatFan Battery fan Relay is used for automatic battery
room ventilation (switching the fan).
AcdCir Acid circulation Relay is used for automatic acid
circulation (switching the electrolyte
pump)
MccBatFan Multicluster battery fan Relay is used for automatic battery
room ventilation (switching the fan).
MccAutoLod Multicluster auto Loadshedding Automatic connection/disconnection
of loads due to an extension cluster in
the Multicluster system
CHPReq CHP plant request Request of the CHP plant through the
CHP plant control
CHPAdd Request additional CHP plant Request of additional CHP plant
through the CHP plant control
SiComRemote Remote control via SI Com module. The relay can be controlled remotely
via the SI Com module.
Overload Overload When using the output limitation of the
Sunny Island
(temperaturedependent), the relay will
be opened.
Function/Setting Significance Function description
SMA America, LLC Multicluster operation
16Multicluster operation
16.1Communication between the Sunny Island
For increased output, up to four Sunny Island clusters can be interconnected to form a Multicluster
system. A Multicluster Box 12US is necessary for such systems. Within each cluster, a communication
cable connects the master to the slaves. Each cluster is connected to the others via another
communication cable, connected to the respective master.
The Multicluster PiggyBack (MCPB) is plugged into the Sunny Island at the external communication
slot. The scope of delivery of the Multicluster PiggyBack includes a PE cable. Lay cable (B) as
illustrated in the following figure:
A Multicluster PiggyBack (MCPB)
B Connection of the PE cable
C Cable route
Multicluster operation SMA America, LLC
Each Multicluster PiggyBack (MCPB) is delivered with one yellow and one gray RJ45 communication
cable and two plugs (terminators).
You require the yellow cable to establish communication between the master of the main cluster and
the masters of the extension clusters.
The gray cable is used for external communication (via RS485) needed for the system monitoring
(Sunny WebBox).
Proceed as follows when connecting the communication cable:
1. Remove the left of the two plugs from the cable support sleeve.
2. Feed the RJ45 cable from the outside through the plugs inside the Sunny Island master.
3. Plug the RJ45 plug in the lower socket. The termination resistor remains plugged in the upper
one.
4. Lead the RJ45 cable into the next Sunny Island and connect it to the upper socket there.
5. Insert the termination resistor into the lower socket if no other Sunny Island will be connected.
6. Wrap the rubber plug (depending on the number of cables with 1 or 2 feedthroughs) around
the RJ45 cable.
7. Plug the plug back into the designated opening in the cable support sleeve.
Electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharges are an acute danger to the Sunny Island and to the communication
interface. Ground yourself before removing the communication interface from the
packaging, and before touching any components within the Sunny Island. To achieve this,
touch PE.
RJ45 cable
The RJ45 communication cable is a standard Cat5eFTP cable (simple shielding), with gold
contacts.
Multicluster PiggyBack
If just one cluster is used in connection with a Multicluster Box, a Multicluster PiggyBack is
not necessary.
16.2Initial Startup of the Multicluster System
1. Carry out steps 1 3 in section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG)
(page67).
2. At "New System" set the following parameters:
Device type (master, slave 1, slave 2, slave 3)
System configuration (3Phase, 1Phase 1, 1Phase 2, 1Phase 3, 2Phase 2, 2Phase 4,
MCBox), for multicluster operation choose "MCBox". Default setting: "1Phase 1"
Multicluster configuration (MainCluster, ExtensionClst1, ExtensionClst2, ExtensionClst3),
default setting is "MainCluster"
Device type of the Multicluster Box (MC12), default setting: "MCBox12"
3. For the other settings proceed as described in section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration
Guide (QCG) (page67) under point 3.
16.3Switching a Multicluster System On and Off
16.3.1Activation / Startup
Switching on a Multicluster system can only take place at the master of the main cluster. The extension
clusters will be started automatically after starting the main cluster. To do this, the DC miniature
circuitbreakers of all Sunny Islands in the extension cluster must be set to "ON".
Proceed as follows:
1. Carry out steps 1 4 in section 9.1Switching On (page73) on the master of the main cluster.
The extension cluster masters show the
following:
2. Press and hold <ENTER> on the main cluster
master.
A beep is heard. The main master is on and in
operation. The green LED is on.
16.3.2Stopping and Switching Off
The Sunny Island Multicluster system can only be stopped at the master of the main cluster. Proceed
at the main cluster master as described in sections 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby)
(page74) and 9.3Switching Off (page75).
Starting the Multicluster system
The Multicluster system is started once the main master has started. All extension clusters
follow the main master.
Error occurrence
If the Sunny Island displays an error message, this must be remedied before the
Sunny Island is commissioned. For this purpose, refer to section 20Troubleshooting
(page201).
16.4Generator Operation
The main master's generator request comprises its own request (based on SOC, time, etc.) and
possible requests from one or more extension clusters. The generator remains in a requested state as
long as a request is present.
16.5Behavior with Different Charge States
In Multicluster systems, each cluster has its own battery bank. To prevent the charge states of the
various battery banks from diverging over time, a function for equalization of the charge states is
integrated into the Sunny Island devices. This distributes the power to all clusters, however, it is not
always distributed identically. Instead, the cluster with the highest state of charge discharges the most
power or charges the battery with the lowest power.
The differences in power depend on the difference in the state of charge and total 1% of the nominal
power for each 1% of difference in the state of charge. Thus, when initial charge states differ,
equalization of the charge states over the course of time is ensured. If all batteries in the various
clusters have the same capacity, the charge states should always be within a few percent of each
other. Only if a fault occurs, or upon deliberate deactivation of individual clusters, can a greater
imbalance arise, but even so, such an imbalance should also be equalized after one day at the latest.
16.6Testing Multicluster communication
Enter the installer password in order to be able to select the parameters "510.08 TstClstCom" und
"510.09 ClstComStt".
1. Using the parameter "510.08 TstClstCom" a communication test between the clusters can be
started from each master device of a cluster. Only switch the master device of the extension
cluster to "Transmit".
2. Request the status of the test via the Parameter "510.09 ClstComStt" at each master, including
the master at which the test was started.
If the communication test is successful, the status "OK" appears on each master.
PV array request
The established generator request at the extension clusters is transferred to the main master
via a communication connection.
Nominal capacity of the battery banks
Ideally, the various battery banks should all have the same nominal capacity.
If the nominal capacity varies by up to 30%, a similar average state of charge is ensured
via the equalization function. However, the smallest battery is then cycled more intensively.
The nominal power and overload capacity are no longer the value of an individual device
multiplied by the number of devices. Instead, it is 10% 20% lower for the cluster with the
smaller battery.
16.7Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
In Multicluster operation, the automatic frequency control (AFC) can only be activated at the main
master. This function is activated using the "250.11 AfralEna" parameter.
16.8Updating the firmware
Carry out the update on all masters of the individual
clusters via an SD card. All extension masters must have
completed their updates! The message shown on the right
is displayed.
After the update of the masters has been carried out,
carry out an automatic update of the slaves.
16.9Error Handling in a Multicluster System
For Multicluster system operation, the entire main cluster is always required. If a device in the main
cluster fails (master and/or slave), this causes the main cluster to stop.
If the main cluster is stopped whether due to a fault, or otherwise this causes the extension clusters
to stop, and thus the entire Multicluster system.
For operation of an extension cluster, it is necessary that at least the master device (of the extension
cluster) is in operation. If a slave device in the extension cluster fails, this does not cause the master
device to stop.
The devices in an extension cluster are only started up if the respective device detects a voltage when
starting.
16.10Grid operation
The multicluster system is not certified for gridtie use.
Stopping the Sunny Island
It is recommended to stop the entire cluster network, and to deactivate the loads insofar as
this is possible.
DC miniature circuitbreaker
Do not activate the DC miniature circuitbreaker during update process!
Starting the Multicluster system
Start the system only after the firmware on all Sunny Island devices has been updated.
16.11Generator Emergency Operation
If a Multicluster system fails, manual operation via the generator is possible. For this purpose, the
generator must be started manually, directly at the generator. As soon as a voltage is present, the
Multicluster Box connects the generator through to the loads, without a Sunny Island being in
operation.
PV Inverters SMA America, LLC
17PV Inverters
The following section provides information on the connection and configuration of the Sunny Boy
inverter in standalone grid systems.
The Sunny Island together with the Sunny Boy inverter are optimized for backup operation (gridtied)
and for "OffGrid" use.
This section describes the parameter setting of the Sunny Boy for both kinds of application. In backup
operation, the "Default" parameter has to be set to "UL 1741". In grid parallel operation the
Sunny Island automatically detects a power outage and automatically switches the Sunny Boy inverter
to "OffGrid" mode. To set up this arrangement, the Sunny Island and the Sunny Boy have to be
connected with a communication cable and the parameters of the Sunny Boy inverters has to be set
according to this documentation. In case the grid returns, the Sunny Island switches back to gridtie
mode according to "UL 1741".
17.1Connection to the Standalone Grid (protected loads panel)
Connect the Sunny Boy inverter to the grid in accordance with the Sunny Boy installation guide.
Connect the AC subdistribution to the AC1 terminals of the Sunny Island. This subdistribution is
where the PV inverter will be connected as well.
You must set the corresponding parameters in the Sunny Boy to suit an offgrid power system so
that it works properly together with the Sunny Island. The required values for these settings are
described in the next section.
WARNING
to electric shock.
Ensure that the entire connection area of the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US is free of
voltage before installing the Sunny Boy inverter. Refer to Section 3Safety Instructions
(page27).
SMA America, LLC PV Inverters
17.2Setting of the Off Grid Parameter
Controlled battery charging is needed in an offgrid configuration. Therefore Sunny Boy inverters can
reduce their feedin capacity. This task is performed by a "Power adjustment via frequency" system
(see section 17.5Frequency Shift Power Control (FSPC) (page151)).
To activate this function, you must first preconfigure the Sunny Boy via programming.
17.3Configuration
In order to adjust the parameters of the Sunny Boy, you need a connection to a communication
device. Install one of these three variants:
Sunny WebBox
Sunny Boy Control
PC/laptop with Sunny Data Control software and a service cable for data transmission
(SMA order number: "USBPBS11" USB service interface)
WARNING
Risk of death from backfeed into the power distribution grid in the event of grid failure.
Once you set the Sunny Boy to standalone grid parameters, the device no longer complies
with IEEE 929 and the IEEE 1547.
Observe the locally applicable regulations.
Consult the electric utility company.
17.4Sunny Boy Parameter Settings
Gridtied
*Even with the setting "BackupMode" to "OnAll", the system fulfills the regulations according to
UL 1741.
Standalone grid with or without generator
The "OffGrid" parameter setting automatically sets the following Sunny Boy parameters to the values
below:
Inverter Parameters Setting
Sunny Boy 3000US Default
BackupMode
UL1741
OnAll*
Sunny Boy 3800US
Sunny Boy 4000US
Sunny Boy 5000US
Sunny Boy 6000US
Sunny Boy 7000US
Sunny Boy 8000US
Inverter Parameters Setting
Sunny Boy 3000US Default
BackupMode
OffGrid
Off
Sunny Boy 3800US
Sunny Boy 4000US
Sunny Boy 5000US
Sunny Boy 6000US
Sunny Boy 7000US
Sunny Boy 8000US
No. Parameters Short descr. Value
1 Test current mA Off (MSD = 0)
2 Vac.Min V 106 (12% Vac nom)
3 Vac.Max V 132 (+10% Vac nom)
4 Facdelta
lower range in which the Sunny Boy is active
relative to f
0
Hz 3.0 (starting from the
base frequency f
0
)
5 Facmax+
Upper range, where the Sunny Boy is active,
based on f0
Hz +3.0 (starting at the
base frequency f
0
)
SMA America, LLC PV Inverters
This completes the standalone grid parameter settings for the Sunny Boy.
17.5Frequency Shift Power Control (FSPC)
This section describes the operating principles of the "power adjustment via frequency" (Frequency
Shift Power Control FSPC).
If Sunny Boy inverters are connected to the AC side of the standalone grid, the Sunny Island must be
able to limit their output power. This situation can occur when, e.g., the Sunny Island battery is fully
charged and the (solar) power available from the PV array exceeds the power required by the
connected loads.
To prevent the excess energy from overcharging the battery, the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US
recognizes this situation and changes the frequency at the AC output. This frequency adjustment is
analyzed by the Sunny Boy. As soon as the power frequency increases beyond the value specified
by "f
AC
Start Delta" the Sunny Boy limits its power accordingly.
This function is shown in the following figure:
6 dFacMax
max. rate of change
Hz/s 4
7 Facstart delta
frequency increase in relation to f0, at which
point the power adjustment via frequency begins
Hz 1 (starting from the
base frequency f
0
)
8 FacLimit delta
Frequency increase based on f
0
, where the
power control via frequency ends. The output
power of the Sunny Boy at this point is 0 W.
Hz 2 (starting from the
base frequency f
0
)
No. Parameters Short descr. Value
.
The different settings have the following meanings:
f
0
refers to the base frequency of the micro grid created by the Sunny Island.
f
AC
Delta and f
AC
Delta+ refer to the maximum range in which the Sunny Boy is active relative
to f
0
, 60 Hz.
f
AC
Start Delta refers to the frequency increase relative to f
0
, at which point the power
adjustment via frequency begins
f
AC
Limit Delta refers to the frequency increase relative to f
0
, at which point the power
adjustment via frequency ends. The output power of the Sunny Boy at this point is 0 W.
If the value is below the f
AC
Delta limit or exceeds the f
AC
Delta+ limit, the Sunny Boys disconnect
from the grid.
When FSPC is activated and the diesel generator in the offgrid power system is operating, the diesel
generator determines the frequency, and the Sunny Boys react to certain changes in the diesel
generator frequency. The diesel generators generally operate at 60 Hz under load. For this reason,
in most cases the Sunny Boys will deliver their entire power to the offgrid power system, even when
the generator is running.
If the current battery voltage (V
Bat
) is greater than the nominal battery voltage (V
Bat, nom
)
and is also to be synchronized with an external source (generator), the Sunny Island
temporarily increases the frequency and disconnects the Sunny Boys using the frequency
shutdown method (overfrequency). Afterwards, it synchronizes with the generator.
SMA America, LLC Maintenance and Care
18Maintenance and Care
The Sunny Island has been constructed for low maintenance. Thus, the necessary work is limited to
only a few points.
18.1Enclosure
Check that the Sunny Island enclosure is mechanically sound. If damage (e.g. cracks, holes, missing
covers) endangers the operating safety, the Sunny Island must be deactivated immediately.
Larger particles of dirt should be removed from the device with a soft brush or similar item. Dust can
be removed with a damp cloth. Never use solvents, abrasives or corrosive materials for cleaning.
18.2Cleaning the Fans
The cleaning intervals depend on the ambient conditions. If the fans are covered with loose dust, you
can clean them with the aid of a vacuum cleaner (recommended) or a soft paint brush/hand brush.
Clean the fans only when they are at a standstill. If it is necessary to replace the fans, contact your
installer.
18.3Display
It is best to clean the control elements with a soft, damp cloth. Never use solvents, abrasives or
corrosive materials for cleaning.
Take care not to accidentally press the membrane buttons during cleaning. Only clean the membrane
keypad when the Sunny Island is deactivated.
18.4Function
Check regularly whether error messages are present. If an error message is displayed for which you
cannot identify any apparent cause, the standalone grid must be inspected by an electrically
qualified person. To ensure optimal operation, the operator should regularly check the Sunny Island's
entries in the error list at short intervals (monthly, or even weekly), especially during the first months
after commissioning. This can help to discover hidden faults in the installation or errors in the
configuration.
18.5Battery
Inspect and maintain the battery at regular intervals. In this regard, observe all of the battery
manufacturer's specifications.
18.6Disposal
Dispose of the Sunny Island at the end of its electrical endurance in accordance with the disposal
regulations for electronic waste which apply at the installation site at that time. Alternatively, send the
devices back to SMA with shipping paid by sender, and labeled with the information
"FORDISPOSAL" (section 24Contact (page234).
Parameter lists SMA America, LLC
19Parameter lists
Only parameters in the menu branches "200 Settings" and "500 Operation" can be changed. All
other values are only shown on the display of the SI 4548US10/6048US10. All menu items that
can only be changed by the electrically qualified person using a password are shaded in gray in the
following tables.
19.1Display Values
19.1.1Inverter Meters (110#)
111# Inverter Total Meters
Menu structure depends on system configuration
Depending on the set system configuration, individual menu items may be missing.
Interference during operation due to incorrect parameter settings
Use caution when setting parameters. Incorrect settings can lead to faulty operation of the
inverter. Take note of the original values of all parameters that you change.
No. Name Description
01 TotInvPwrAt Total active power of the inverters (cluster) in kW
02 TotInvCur Total current of the inverters (cluster) in A
03 TotInvPwrRt Total reactive power of the inverters (cluster) in kVAr
SMA America, LLC Parameter lists
#112 Inverter Device Meters
113# Inverter Slave1 Meters
No. Name Description Value clear text
(No.)
Explanation
01 InvOpStt Operating state of
the Sunny Island
Standby (2) Standby
Run (3) Operation
Run (4)/EmCharge Emergency charge mode
Error (5) Error
Startup (1) Transfer standby > operation
02 InvPwrAt Active power
Sunny Island in kW
03 InvVtg Voltage of the
Sunny Island in V
04 InvCur Current of the
Sunny Island in A
05 InvFrq Frequency of the
Sunny Island in Hz
06 InvPwrRt Reactive power of
the Sunny Island
in kVAr
07 Rly1Stt State of relay 1 Off Relay open
On Relay closed
08 Rly2Stt State of relay 2 Off Relay open
On Relay closed
No. Name Description Value Explanation
01 InvOpSttSlv1 Operating state of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
Standby Standby
Run Operation
EmCharge Emergency charge mode
Error Error
Startup Transfer standby > operation
02 InvPwrAtSlv1 Active power of the
Sunny Island
slave 1 in kW
03 InvVtgSlv1 Voltage of the
Sunny Island
slave 1 in V
04 InvCurSlv1 Current of the
Sunny Island
slave 1 in A
05 InvPwrRtSlv1 Reactive power of
the Sunny Island
slave 1 in kVAr
06 Rly1SttSlv1 State of relay 1 on
Sunny Island
slave 1
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
Sunny Island
slave 1
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
the Sunny Island
slave 2
Standby Standby
Run Operation
Error Error
Sunny Island
slave 2 in kW
Sunny Island
slave 2 in V
Sunny Island
slave 2 in A
the Sunny Island
slave 2 in kVAr
Sunny Island
slave 2
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
Sunny Island
slave 2
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
the Sunny Island
slave 3
Standby Standby
Run Operation
Error Error
Sunny Island
slave 3 in kW
Sunny Island
slave 3 in V
Sunny Island
slave 3 in A
the Sunny Island
slave 3 in kVAr
Sunny Island
slave 3
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
Sunny Island
slave 3
Off Relay open
On Relay closed
19.1.2Battery Meters (120#)
(No.)
Explanation
01 BatSoc Momentary state of
charge of battery
(SOC) in %
02 BatVtg Battery voltage in V
03 BatChrgVtg Charging voltage
target value in V
04 AptTmRmg Remaining
absorption time in
hours, minutes and
seconds
05 BatChrgOp Active charging
process
Boost (1) Boost charge
Full (2) Full charge
Float (3;7) Float charge
Equalize (4;5) Equalization charge
Silent (6;8) Silent mode (resting phase)
06 TotBatCur Total battery
current of the
cluster in A
Negative values indicate
charging, positive values
indicate discharging.
07 BatTmp Battery temperature
in C
08 RmgTmFul Remaining time
until next full
charge in days
09 RmgTmEqu Remaining time
until next
equalization
charge in days
10 AptPhs Status of the
absorption phase
Off (1) Absorption phase not active
On (2) Absorption phase is active
11 BatSocErr Estimated error of
the state of charge
in %
Estimated error of the displayed
state of charge in relation to the
actual state of charge of the
battery in percent
(e.g. +/ 3%).
19.1.3External Meters (130#)
131# Total Meters
132# Grid State
133# Generator State
01 TotExtPwrAt Total active power of the external source in kW
02 TotExtCur Total current of the external source in A
03 TotExtPwrRt Total reactive power in kVAr
04 TotLodPwr Total average active power of the loads (cluster) in kW
05 TotMccLodPwr Total average active power of the loads (Multicluster) in kW
01 GdRmgTm Remaining time of "GdValTm" parameter in hours, minutes and seconds
(No.)
Explanation
01 GnDmdSrc Source for
generator request
None (1) No request
Bat (2) Statedependent battery
charging
Lod (3) Loaddependent
Tim (4) Timecontrolled
Run1h (5) Requested for 1 hour
Start (6) Manually started
ExtSrcReq (7) Requested via an external
source
02 GnStt Generator state Off (1) off
Init (2) Init
Ready (3) Waiting for request (ready)
Warm (4) Warming up
Connect (5) Connecting
Run (6) Operation
Retry (7) Restarting
Disconnect (8) Disconnecting
Cool (9) Cooling down
Lock (10) Locked after error
Fail (11) Error
FailLock (12) Locked after error occurred.
134# Device Meters
135# Slave1 Meters
136# Slave2 Meters
03 GnRmgTm Remaining time of
the generator
(minimum run time)
in hours, minutes
and seconds
04 GnRnStt Status of the
generator
feedback at the
Sunny Island
master
Off (1) Off
On (2) On
01 ExtPwrAt Active power of the external source in kW
02 ExtVtg Voltage of the external source in V
03 ExtCur Current of the external source in A
04 ExtFrq Frequency of the external source in Hz
05 ExtPwrRt Reactive power of the external source in kVAr
01 ExtPwrAtSlv1 Active power of the external source slave 1 in kW
02 ExtVtgSlv1 Voltage of the external source slave 1 in V
03 ExtCurSlv1 Current of the external source slave 1 in A
04 ExtPwrRtSlv1 Reactive power of the external source slave 1 in kVAr
(No.)
Explanation
137# Slave3 Meters
138# Chp Meters (Combined Heat and Power)
01 ChpStt State of CHP plant Idle off
Run Operation
Lock Locked after operation
02 ChpPwrAt Power of the CHP
plant
03 ChpRmgTm Remaining time of the
CHP (minimum run
time) in hours, minutes
and seconds
04 ChpStrRmgTm Remaining time of the
power request of the
CHP in hours, minutes
and seconds
19.1.4Charge Controller (140#)(not ULcertified)
141# SIC50 Total
142# SIC50 1
143# SIC50 2
Visibility of parameters in menu 140#
The parameters in menu 140# are only visible, if at least one Sunny Island Charger is
connected to the system.
01 TotSicEgyCntIn Total energy of all Sunny Island Chargers in kWh
02 TotSicDyEgyCntIn Total daily yield of all Sunny Island Chargers in kWh
03 TotSicPvPwr Total PV power of all Sunny Island Chargers in W
04 TotSicBatCur Total battery current of all Sunny Island Chargers in A
01 Sic1EgyCntIn Energy of the first Sunny Island Charger in kWh
02 Sic1TdyEgyCntIn Daily yield of the first Sunny Island Charger in kWh
03 Sic1PvPwr PV power of the first Sunny Island Charger in W
04 Sic1PvVtg PV voltage of the first Sunny Island Charger in V
05 Sic1BatVtg Battery voltage of the first Sunny Island Charger in V
06 Sic1BatCur Battery current of the first Sunny Island Charger in A
07 Sic1HsTmp Heat sink temperature of the first Sunny Island Charger in C
08 Sic1SWVers Software version of the first Sunny Island Charger
01 Sic2EgyCntIn Energy of the second Sunny Island Charger in kWh
02 Sic2TdyEgyCntIn Daily yield of the second Sunny Island Charger in kWh
03 Sic2PvPwr PV power of the second Sunny Island Charger in W
04 Sic2PvVtg PV voltage of the second Sunny Island Charger in V
05 Sic2BatVtg Battery voltage of the second Sunny Island Charger in V
06 Sic2BatCur Battery current of the second Sunny Island Charger in A
07 Sic2HsTmp Heat sink temperature of the second Sunny Island Charger in C
08 Sic2SWVers Software version of the second Sunny Island Charger
144# SIC50 3
145# SIC50 4
19.2Adjustable Parameters
19.2.1Inverter Settings (210#)
01 Sic3EgyCntIn Energy of the third Sunny Island Charger in kWh
02 Sic3TdyEgyCntIn Daily yield of the third Sunny Island Charger in kWh
03 Sic3PvPwr PV power of the third Sunny Island Charger in W
04 Sic3PvVtg PV voltage of the third Sunny Island Charger in V
05 Sic3BatVtg Battery voltage of the third Sunny Island Charger in V
06 Sic3BatCur Battery current of the third Sunny Island Charger in A
07 Sic3HsTmp Heat sink temperature of the third Sunny Island Charger in C
08 Sic3SWVers Software version of the third Sunny Island Charger
01 Sic4EgyCntIn Energy of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in kWh
02 Sic4TdyEgyCntIn Daily yield of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in kWh
03 Sic4PvPwr PV power of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in W
04 Sic4PvVtg PV voltage of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in V
05 Sic4BatVtg Battery voltage of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in V
06 Sic4BatCur Battery current of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in A
07 Sic4HsTmp Heat sink temperature of the fourth Sunny Island Charger in C
08 Sic4SWVers Software version of the fourth Sunny Island Charger
No. Name Description Value Explanation Default
value
01 InvVtgNom Nominal voltage of
the Sunny Island
120 V / 60 Hz 120 V
02 InvChrgCurMax Maximum AC
charging current
SI 4548US10 37.5 A
SI 6048US10 48 A
03 InvFrqNom Nominal frequency
of the Sunny Island
120 V / 60 Hz 60 Hz
19.2.2Battery Settings (220#)
221# Battery Property
#222 Battery Charge Mode
value
01 BatTyp Battery type VRLA Leadacid battery
with immobilized
electrolyte in gel or
AGM (Absorbent
Glass Mat Separator)
VRLA
FLA Sealed flooded
leadacid battery
NiCd Nickelcadmium
battery
02 BatCpyNom Nominal battery
capacity
(E:C10/U:C20)
100 Ah
03 BatVtgNom Nominal battery
voltage
VRLA 48 V
FLA 48 V
NiCd 45.6 V
04 BatTmpMax Maximum battery
temperature
104F 122F
(40C 50C)
113F
(45C)
05 BatTmpStr Battery start
temperature
following stop due
to overtemperature
32F ... 104 F
(0C 40C)
BatTmpMax
104F
(40C)
06 BatWirRes Power resistor of
the battery
connection in
mOhm
0 mOhm
50 mOhm
07 BatFanTmpStr Starting
temperature for the
"BatFan" function
104F
(40C)
value
01 BatChrgCurMax Charging current of
the battery
10 A 1200 A 61 A
02 AptTmBoost Absorption time for
normal charge
1 min 600 min VRLA 120 min
1 min 600 min FLA 90 min
1 min 600 min NiCd 300 min
03 AptTmFul Absorption time for
full charge
1 h 20 h VRLA 5 h
1 h 20 h FLA 5 h
1 h 20 h NiCd 7 h
04 AptTmEqu Absorption time for
equalization
charge
1 h 48 h 10 h
05 CycTmFul Full charge cycle
time
1 day ... 180 days 14 days
06 CycTmEqu Equalization
charge cycle time
7 days ... 365 days 180
days
07 ChrgVtgBoost Cell voltage
setpoint for normal
charge
2.2 V 2.7 V VRLA 2.40 V
FLA 2.55 V
1.5 V 1.8 V NiCd 1.65 V
08 ChrgVtgFul Cell voltage
setpoint for full
charge
2.3 V 2.7 V VRLA 2.40 V
FLA 2.50 V
1.5 V 1.8 V NiCd 1.65 V
09 ChrgVtgEqu Cell voltage
setpoint for
equalization
charge
2.3 V 2.7 V VRLA 2.40 V
FLA 2.50 V
1.5 V 1.8 V NiCd 1.65 V
10 ChrgVtgFlo Cell voltage
setpoint for
maintenance
charge
2.2 V 2.4 V VRLA 2.25 V
FLA 2.25 V
1.4 V 1.6 V NiCd 1.55 V
11 BatTmpCps Battery temperature
compensation
0 mV /C ...
10 mV /C
VRLA 4.0 mV/
C
FLA 4.0 mV/
C
NiCd 0 mV/
C
12 AutoEquChrgEna Automatic
equalization
charge
Disable Disable Enable
Enable Enable
value
#223 Battery Protection
#224 Battery Silent Mode
No. Name Description Value Default value
01 BatPro1TmStr Starting time of the
batterypreservatio
n mode (level 1)
22:00:00
02 BatPro1TmStp End time of
batterypreservatio
n mode (level 1)
06:00:00
03 BatPro2TmStr Starting time of the
batterypreservatio
n mode (level 2)
17:00:00
04 BatPro2TmStp End time of
batterypreservatio
n mode (level 2)
09:00:00
05 BatPro1Soc Battery SOC for
preservation mode
level 1
0% 70% 20%
preservation mode
level 2
0% 70% 15%
preservation mode
level 3
0% 70% 10%
value
01 SilentEna Silent mode on the
grid
Disable Disable Disable
Enable Enable
02 SilentTmFlo Maximum time for
maintenance
charge until transfer
into silent
1 h 48 h 3 h
03 SilentTmMax Maximum time for
silent until transfer
into float
1 h 168 h 12 h
225# Battery Current Sensor
value
01 BatCurSnsTyp Battery current
sensor type
None No sensor is
connected
None
60 mV Battery Current
Sensor 60 mV
50 mV Battery Current
Sensor 50 mV
02 BatCurGain60 External battery
current sensor type
(60 mV type)
0 A 1 000 A 100 A/
60 mV
03 BatCurGain50 External battery
current sensor type
(50 mV type)
0 A 1 000 A 100 A/
50 mV
04 BatCurAutoCal Automatic
calibration of
external battery
current sensor
Start Start automatic
calibration
19.2.3External Settings (230#)
231# Ext General
232# Grid Control
value
01 PvFeedTmStr Start feedin
operation
04:00:00
02 PvFeedTmStp Stop feedin
operation
22:00:00
03 ExtLkTm Lock time after
reverse power or
relay protection
0 min 60 min 20 min
05 ExtSrc Generator and grid
operating mode
PvOnly PV only PvOnly
Gen Generator
Grid Grid
GenGrid Generator / Grid
12 ChpEna Combined heat
and power plant
Disable Deactivated Disable
Enable Activated
value
01 GdVtgMin Minimum grid
voltage
105.6 V
02 GdVtgMax Maximum grid
voltage
132 V
03 GdCurNom Nominal power
line current
30 A
04 GdFrqNom Nominal power
line frequency
60 Hz
05 GdFrqMin Minimum power
line frequency
59.3 Hz
06 GdFrqMax Maximum power
line frequency
60.5 Hz
07 GdVldTm Minimum time
required for grid
(voltage and
frequency) to be
within permissible
range for
connection
300 sec
233# Grid Start
08 GdMod Grid interface GridCharge Charging on the grid GdFeed
GridFeed Charging and
feedback on the grid
09 GdRvPwr Permissible grid
reverse power
(active power)
0 W 5 000 W 100 W
10 GdRvTm Permissible time for
grid reverse power
0 sec 60 sec 5 sec
15 GdAlSns AI sensitivity Low Low Normal
Medium Medium
Normal Normal
High High
37 GdVtgIncProEna Voltage increase
protection
Enable Enable
38 GdVtgIncPro Boundary for
voltage increase
protection
132 V
41 GdSocEna Activate the grid
request based on
SOC
Enable Enable
42 GdPwrEna Activate the grid
request based on
power
Enable Enable
value
01 GdSocTm1Str SOC limit for
switching on the
grid for time 1
40%
02 GdSocTm1Stp SOC limit for
switching off the
grid for time 1
80%
03 GdSocTm2Str SOC limit for
switching on the
grid for time 2
40%
04 GdSocTm2Stp SOC limit for
switching off the
grid for time 2
80%
value
234# Generator Control
05 GdTm1Str Time 1 for grid
request in hours,
minutes and
seconds
Begin time 1,
end time 2
06 GdTm2Str Time 2 for grid
request in hours,
minutes and
seconds
Begin time 2,
end time 1
07 GdPwrStr Grid request
starting capacity
4.0 kW
08 GdPwrStp Grid request
disconnection
power limit
2.0 kW
09 GdStrChrgMod Charge start when
connecting to the
grid
Off Off Equal
Full Full charge
Equal Equalization charge
Both Full and equalization
charge
value
01 GnVtgMin Minimum generator
voltage
80 V
02 GnVtgMax Maximum
generator voltage
150 V
03 GnCurNom Nominal generator
current
30 A
04 GnFrqNom Generator nominal
frequency with
nominal load
60 Hz
05 GnFrqMin Minimum generator
frequency
54 Hz
value
06 GnFrqMax Maximum
generator
frequency
66 Hz
07 GnStrMod Generator interface Manual Manually Autostart
Autostart Automatically
GenMan Generator
management box
from SMA Solar
Technology
08 GnOpTmMin Minimum run time
of the generator
15 min
09 GnStpTmMin Minimum stop time
of the generator
15 min
10 GnCoolTm Cooling time of the
generator
5 min
11 GnErrStpTm Stop time of
generator in case
of errors
1 h
12 GnWarmTm Warmup time 60 sec
13 GnRvPwr Generator reverse
power (active
power)
100 W
14 GnRvTm Permissible time for
reverse power/
reverse current
30 sec
15 GnCtlMod Generator
regulation
Cur current Cur
CurFrq Frequency
20 GnAlSns AI sensitivity Low Low Normal
Medium Medium
Normal Normal
High High
value
235# Generator Start
value
01 GnAutoEna Generator autostart Off Disable On
On Enable
02 GnAutoStr Number of
autostarts
3
03 GnSocTm1Str SOC limit for
switching on
generator for time 1
40%
04 GnSocTm1Stp SOC limit for
switching off
80%
05 GnSocTm2Str SOC limit for
switching on
40%
06 GnSocTm2Stp SOC limit for
switching off
80%
07 GnTm1Str Time 1 for
generator request
in hours, minutes
and seconds
Begin: Time 1,
End: Time 2
08 GnTm2Str Time 2 for
generator request
in hours, minutes
and seconds
Begin: Time 2,
End: Time 1
09 GnPwrEna Generator request
based on power
Off Disable Off
On Enable
10 GnPwrStr Generator request
switchon power
limit
4 kW
11 GnPwrStp Generator request
switchoff power
limit
2 kW
12 GnPwrAvgTm Average time for
powerrelated
generator start
60 sec
13 GnTmOpEna Timecontrolled
generator
operation
Enable Enable
14 GnTmOpStrDt Starting date for
timecontrolled
generator
operation
20100
101
15 GnTmOpStrTm Starting time for
timecontrolled
generator
operation in hours,
minutes and
seconds
16 GnTmOpRnDur Running time for
timecontrolled
generator
operation in hours,
minutes and
seconds
17 GnTmOpCyc Repeat cycle of the
time controlled
generator
operation
Single Onetime Single
Daily Daily
Weekly Weekly
18 GnStrChrgMod Generator start for
charge type
Off Off Both
Full Full charge
Equal Equalization charge
Both Full and equalization
charge
value
236# CHP Control (Combined Heat and Power)
19 GnStrDigIn Generator start
upon signal at
activated digital
input.
Based on the value
at the input DigIn,
the Sunny Island
decides whether to
start or stop the
generator.
If the value of
DigIn is at high
level, the
Sunny Island starts
the generator.
If the value of
DigIn is at low
level, the
Sunny Island stops
the generator.
Enable Enable
value
01 ChpOpTmMin Minimum run time
of CHP plant
60 min
02 ChpStpTmMin Minimum stop time
of CHP plant
10 min
03 ChpPwrMax Maximum power of
CHP plant
5 kW
04 ChpPwrMin Minimum power of
CHP plant
2 kW
05 ChpFrqPwrMax Maximum
frequency of
CHP plant
51 Hz
06 ChpFrqPwrMin Minimum
frequency of
CHP plant
52 Hz
07 ChpFrqOff 53 Hz
value
237# CHP Start
value
01 ChpSocTm1Str SOC limit for
switching on CHP
plant for time 1
40%
02 ChpSocTm1Stp SOC limit for
switching off CHP
plant for time 1
80%
03 ChpSocTm2Str SOC limit for
switching on CHP
plant for time 2
40%
04 ChpSocTm2Stp SOC limit for
switching off CHP
plant for time 2
80%
05 ChpTm1Str Time 1 for CHP
plant request in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 1,
End: Time 2
06 ChpTm2Str Time 2 for CHP
plant request in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 2,
End: Time 1
07 ChpPwrEna Activate CHP plant
request based on
power
Enable Enable
08 ChpPwrStr Combined heat
and power system
request switchon
power limit
4 kW
09 ChpPwrStrDly Time delay for
power request for
CHP plant
5 min
10 ChpManStr Auto
Start
Stop
11 ChpAddOnTm Time activated for
the additional CHP
request
60 sec
12 ChpAddOffTm Time deactivated
for the additional
CHP request
120 sec
13 ChpAddSocDel Distance to the next
SOC limit
5%
value
19.2.4Relay Settings (240#)
241# Relay General
value
01 Rly1Op Function of relay 1 Off Off AutoGn
On On
AutoGn Generator request
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
AutoLod1Soc SOC1 Loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
AptPhs Absorption phase
GnRn Generator in
operation
ExtVfOk External source
(voltage and
frequency OK)
GdOn Grid in operation
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
BatFan Battery fan (room)
AcdCir Acid circulation
MccBatFan Multicluster battery
room ventilator
MccAutoLod Loadshedding
CHPReq CHP plant request
CHPAdd Additional CHP
request
SiComRemote SI Com module
Overload Overload
02 Rly2Op Function of relay 2 Off Off AutoLod
Ext
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
value
242# Relay Load
value
01 Lod1SocTm1Str SOC limit for load
shedding
1 start for t1
30%
02 Lod1SocTm1Stp SOC limit for load
shedding 1 stop
for t1
50%
shedding 1 start
for t2
30%
shedding 1 stop
for t2
50%
05 Lod1Tm1Str Time 1 for
Loadshed 1 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 1,
End: Time 2
Loadshed 1 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 2,
End: Time 1
shedding 2 start
for t1
30%
shedding 2 stop
for t1
50%
shedding 2 start
for t2
30%
shedding 2 stop
for t2
50%
Loadshed 2 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 1,
End: Time 2
Loadshed 2 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
Begin: Time 2,
End: Time 1
value
243# Relay Timer
value
01 RlyTmr1StrDt Start date for
timer 1
20060
101
02 RlyTmr1StrTm Start time for relay
control timer 1 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
03 RlyTmr1Dur Running time for
relay control timer
1 in hours, minutes
and seconds
04 RlyTmr1Cyc Repetition cycle
time for timer 1
Daily Daily
Weekly Weekly
05 RlyTmr2StrDt Start date timer 2 20060
101
06 RlyTmr2StrTm Start time for relay
control timer 2 in
hours, minutes and
seconds
07 RlyTmr2Dur Running time for
relay control timer
2 in hours, minutes
and seconds
08 RlyTmr2Cyc Repetition cycle
time for timer 2
Daily Daily
Weekly Weekly
244# Relay Slave1
value
01 Rly1OpSlv1 Function of relay 1
on slave 1
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
on slave 1
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
value
245# Relay Slave2
value
on slave 2
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
on slave 2
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
value
246# Relay Slave3
value
on slave 3
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
on slave 3
Off Off Off
On On
AutoLodExt External
loadshedding
Tmr1 Timer 1
Tmr2 Timer 2
GnRn Generator in
operation
(voltage and
frequency OK)
(connected)
Error Error
Warn Warning
Run Operation
room ventilator
request
Overload Overload
value
19.2.5System Settings (250#)
value
01 AutoStr Autostart
If the value 0 has
been set, this means
that the autostart is
deactivated.
3
02 Dt Date MM/DD/YYYY 99.99.9
999
03 Tm Time in hours,
minutes and
seconds
HH:MM:SS 99:99:9
9
04 BeepEna Key clicks Off Disable On
On Enable
05 ClstCfg Cluster
configuration
Slave1 Cluster slave 1 1Phase1
Slave2 Cluster slave 2
Slave3 Cluster slave 3
1Phase1 1phase, 1 Sunny
Island inverter
Island inverters
Island inverters
1Phase4 1 phase, 4 Sunny
Island inverters
Island inverters
Island inverters
3Phase 3phase, 3 Sunny
Island inverters
MCBox Setting for
Multicluster operation
06 ComBaud Baud rate 1200 1200
4800
9600
19200
09 ComAdr Address for
communication
1
19.2.6Password Setting (280#)
For detailed information on this menu, see section 10.5Entering the Installer Password (page86).
10 SleepEna Sleep mode Disable Disable Enable
Enable Enable
11 AfraEna Tertiary control
(AFC Automatic
Frequency Control)
Enable Enable
13 SlpAtNgt Switch off slaves at
night
Enable Enable
14 SlpStrTm Start time for
switching off at
night (sleep mode)
20:00:
00
15 SlpStpTm Stop time for night
shut down (sleep
mode)
05:00:
00
23 Box Type of Multicluster
Box used
Multicluster Box
12US
MCBox
12
24 ClstMod Cluster type in
Multicluster
operation (system
configuration)
SingleCluster SingleCl
uster
MainCluster
ExtensionClst1
ExtensionClst2
ExtensionClst3
ExtensionClstN
25 ClstAdr Cluster address
28 ChrgCtlOp Typ of DC charging
device
Auto Automatic Auto
DCOnly Battery charger only
SMA Sunny Island Charger
30 RnMod "Run mode"
Behavior when
error occurs
RunAlways Always available RunAlwa
ys
StopAlways Stop if device
malfunctions
value
19.3Diagnosis (300#)
19.3.1Inverter Diagnosis (310#)
311# System Total Diagnosis
312# Inverter Device Diagnosis
01 EgyCntIn Energy absorbed in kWh
02 EgyCntOut Energy fed in kWh
03 EgyCntTm Energy metering run time in hours
(No.)
Explanation Default
value
01 Adr Device address Master (1) Address Master
Slave1 (2) Address
Slave2 (3) Address
Slave3 (4) Address
02 FwVer Firmware version of
the Sunny Island
master
03 SN Serial number of
the Sunny Island
master
04 OnTmh Operating hours of
the Sunny Island in
hours
05 ClstCfgAt Set cluster
configuration
The value is based
on the setting in
QCG
06 OpStt Operating state of
the Sunny Island
Operating (1) Operation
Warning (2) Warning
Failure (3) Error
313# Inverter Slave1 Diagnosis
07 CardStt SD card status
message
Off (1) None Off
Operational (2) Busy
Mount (3) Initialization
OutOfSpace (4) No storage space
available
BadFileSys (5) No file system
detected
Incomp (6) Incompatible file
system
Parameter (7) Parameter set write
access
ParamFailed (8) Parameter set write
access failed
WriteLogData (9) Log data write access
WriteLogFailed
(10)
Log data write access
failed
08 FwVer2 DSP firmware
version
09 FwVer3 BFR boot loader
10 FwVer4 DSP boot loader
01 FwVerSlv1 Firmware version of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
02 SNSlv1 Serial number of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
03 OnTmhSlv1 Operating hours of
the Sunny Island
slave 1 in hours
04 PhSlv1 Phase of the Sunny
Island slave 1
L1 Phase L1
L2 Phase L2
L3 Phase L3
05 OpSttSlv1 Operating state of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
Operating Operation
Warning Warning
Failure Error
(No.)
Explanation Default
value
06 FwVer2Slv1 Firmware version of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
07 FwVer3Slv1 BFR boot loader of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
08 FwVer4Slv1 DSP boot loader of
the Sunny Island
slave 1
the Sunny Island
slave 2
the Sunny Island
slave 2
the Sunny Island
slave 2 in hours
Island slave 2
L1 Phase L1
L2 Phase L2
L3 Phase L3
the Sunny Island
slave 2
Operating Operation
Warning Warning
Failure Error
the Sunny Island
slave 1
the Sunny Island
slave 2
the Sunny Island
slave 2
the Sunny Island
slave 3
the Sunny Island
slave 3
the Sunny Island
slave 3 in hours
Island slave 3
L1 Phase L1
L2 Phase L2
L3 Phase L3
the Sunny Island
slave 3
Operating Operation
Warning Warning
Failure Error
the Sunny Island
slave 3
the Sunny Island
slave 3
the Sunny Island
slave 3
19.3.2Battery Diagnosis (320#)
value
01 Soh State of Health
(SOH)
Ratio of current
capacity to its
nominal value
100%
02 StatTm Run time of statistics
counter in days
03 ChrgFact Charge factor 1.00
04 BatEgyCntIn Energy meter for
battery charge in
kWh
05 BatEgyCntOut Energy meter for
battery discharge in
kWh
06 AhCntIn Meter for battery
charging ampere
hours
07 AhCntOut Meter for battery
discharging
ampere hours
08 BatTmpPkMin Minimum battery
temperature in C
09 BatTmpPkMax Maximum battery
temperature in C
10 EquChrgCnt Equalization
charge counter
11 FulChrgCnt Full charge meter
12 BatCurOfsErr Offset error of
battery current in A
13 OcvPointCnt Meter for
opencircuit voltage
points
15 AhCntFul Meter for battery
discharging
ampere hours since
the last full charge
(in Ah/100 Ah)
16 AhCntEqu Meter for battery
discharging
ampere hours since
the last
equalization
charge
(in Ah/100 Ah)
17 BatVtgPk Maximum battery
voltage to have
arisen in V
18 BatCurPkIn Maximum battery
current in the
charging direction
(in A)
19 BatCurPkOut Maximum battery
current in
discharging
direction (in A)
20 SocHgm100 Frequency scale of
state of charge, in
percent, 100% >
SOC >= 90%
state of charge, in
percent, 90% >
SOC >= 80%
state of charge, in
percent, 80% >
SOC >= 70%
state of charge, in
percent, 70% >
SOC >= 60%
state of charge, in
percent, 60% >
SOC >= 50%
value
state of charge, in
percent, 50% >
SOC >= 40%
state of charge, in
percent, 40% >
SOC >= 30%
state of charge, in
percent, 30% >
SOC >= 20%
state of charge, in
percent, 20% >
SOC >= 10%
state of charge, in
percent, 10% >
SOC >= 0%
state of charge in
percent SOC < 0%
31 SocVtgCal Recalibration of
state of charge only
via opencircuit
voltage (in percent)
32 ErrSocVtgCal Estimated error of
the
voltagecalibrated
state of charge
50%
33 SocChrgCal Recalibration of
state of charge only
via full charge
50%
34 ErrSocChrgCal Estimated error of
the
fullchargecalibrat
ed state of charge
50%
value
19.3.3External Diagnosis (330#)
331# Grid Diagnosis
332# Generator Diagnosis
19.4Events, Warnings and Errors (History)
19.4.1Failure / Event (400#)
More information on the "410# Failures Current", "420# Failure History" and "430# Event History"
menus is provided as of section 10.9Display of Warnings and Failures (page92).
35 OcvGra Slope of the
opencircuit voltage
curve
700
Ah/V
36 OcvMax Maximum
opencircuit voltage
2.12 V
01 GdEgyCntIn Energy meter for grid feedin in kWh
02 GdEgyCntOut Energy meter for power taken from the grid in kWh
03 GdEgyTmh Running time of grid energy meter in hours
04 GdOpTmh Operating hour meter for grid operation
05 GdCtcCnt Counter for grid connections
06 TotTmh Feedin hours
01 GnEgyCnt Generator energy meter in kWh
02 GnEgyTm Running time of generator energy meter in hours
03 GnOpTmh Operating hours counter for generator
04 GnStrCnt Number of generator starts
value
19.5Functions in Operation
19.5.1Operation (500#)
510# Operation Inverter
value
01 InvRs Tripping a restart of
the Sunny Island
Restart Restart
02 InvRmOpEna Timecontrolled
inverter operation
Enable Enable
03 InvTmOpStrDt Start date for
timecontrolled
inverter operation
20060
101
04 InvTmOpStrTm Start time for
timecontrolled
inverter operation
in hours, minutes
and seconds
Value can be set
freely
05 InvTmOpRnDur Running time for
timecontrolled
inverter operation
in hours, minutes
and seconds
Value can be set
freely
06 InvTmOpCyc Repetition cycle for
timecontrolled
inverter operation
(Tm1)
Daily Daily
Weekly Weekly
07 CntRs Delete energy
meter
The value indicates
which energy meter
is to be deleted.
Inv Sunny Island
Bat Battery
Gn Generator
Gd Grid
All All energy meters
Sic1 Sunny Island
Charger 1
Sic2 Sunny Island
Charger 2
Sic3 Sunny Island
Charger 3
Sic4 Sunny Island
Charger 4
520# Operation Battery
540# Operation Generator
SicAll All Sunny Island
Chargers
08 TstClstCom Activates the
communication test
between the
individual clusters:
Off Off
Transmit Enable
09 ClstComStt Communication test
status
Wait Wait
OK Completed
10 FrcClstUpd Manual update of
the cluster
UpdateClst Cluster Update
(BFR & DSP)
UpdateClstBFR Cluster Update (BFR)
UpdateClstDSP Cluster Update (DSP)
value
01 ChrgSelMan Manual
equalization
charge
Idle Wait Idle
Start Starting
Stop Stopping
value
01 GnManStr Manual generator
start
Auto Automatically Auto
Stop Stopping
Start Starting
Run1h Run for 1 h
02 GnAck Error confirmation
for generator fault
Ackn Failure confirmation
value
550# Operation MMC
560# Operation Grid
The 560# Operation Grid menu can only be seen if the external voltage source of the Sunny Island
is set to "Grid" or "GenGrid".
19.6Direct Access to the parameters
19.6.1Direct Access (600#)
Direct access to parameters is explained in detail in section 10.3Direct Access Direct Access to the
Parameters (page82).
value
01 ParaSto Save parameter
settings
Set1 Parameter Set1
Set2 Parameter Set2
02 ParaLod Load parameter
settings
Set1 Parameter Set1
Set2 Parameter Set2
Factory Load default settings
03 CardFunc Functions of the SD
card
ForcedWrite Forced write
StoEvtHis Save event memory
StoFailHis Save error memory
StoHis Save event and error
memory
04 DatLogEna Automatic data
storage
Off Disable On
On Enable
value
01 GdManStr Manual grid start Auto Automatically Auto
Stop Stopping
Start Starting
SMA America, LLC Troubleshooting
20Troubleshooting
In general the Sunny Island distinguishes between events and errors.
Events describe state changes or transient states (e.g. generator connection).
Errors describe states that are not permitted or are only permitted up to a certain rate. This
includes warnings, failures and errors. A user interaction is generally required.
20.1Failure Acknowledgement
If there is a failure or an error, the Sunny Island goes into standby.
Proceed as follows to confirm a failure:
1. Remove the cause.
2. Confirm error with <ENTER>.
3. Start the Sunny Island again.
20.2Autostart Handling
The Sunny Island has an autostart meter which counts down by 1 with every automatic start. After
10 minutes of normal operation of the Sunny Island, the autostart meter is set back to its original value.
If another fault occurs when the autostart meter is at 0, the Sunny Island waits for 10 minutes and then
attempts to restart. The autostart meter begins to run again.
The number of the autostarts allowed can be set using the "250.01 AutoStr" parameter
(in standby mode).
20.3MasterSlave Handling
Each device detects the errors separately and saves them. The slaves transfer their errors to the master.
The master collects these error messages and enters the slave errors as warnings into its history.
Example:
Slave 1 has detected overtemperature. It enters this error in its history and reports it to the master,
which also enters it as a warning into its failure history ("Menu 420# Failure History").
The following message appears in the lower display line
on the master.
If warning 138 is still active on slave 1, the Enter symbol appears at the end.
After the warning has been confirmed on the master by pressing the <ENTER> key, it is forwarded to
the respective slave.
Troubleshooting SMA America, LLC
The master shows the following message after
confirmation.
20.4Handling Pending Failures During the Booting Procedure
During the booting procedure, all pending failures are generally confirmed without an entry being
made in the history. This way, after the booting procedure failure that is still pending will be reentered,
or if the system detects that this failure has stopped, it is entered as no longer being present.
20.5Display of Failures and Events
Each failure and each event have a unique threedigit display number that is created according to the
parameter/measuring value assignment. The events and failures have the identical numerical range:
1xx INV Inverter
2xx BAT Battery
3xx EXT External
4xx GEN Generator
5xx GRD Grid
6xx RLY Relay
7xx SYS System
8xx AUX External devices and components
20.6Events
The meanings of the events displayed by the Sunny Island are described in the following table:
No comparison between master and slave
The failure and event memory are not compared between the master and slaves. The slave
device's errors are confirmed when the Sunny Island system is restarted.
Meaning of Abbreviations
"F" indicates a failure, "W" a warning and "E" an event.
In the event of a failure, and provided it is recorded, "!" is displayed for a failure that has
occurred and "C" is displayed for a failure that has stopped.
20.6.1Category INV
20.6.2Category BAT
Display no. Description
E101 Wait status
E102 Startup process
E103 Operation
E104 Operating on the generator (at external input)
E105 Operating on the grid (at external input)
E106 Feedingin grid operation (at external input)
E107 Sleep mode (slave in 1phase systems)
E108 Silent mode on the grid
E110 Shutting down due to error
E115 Emergency charge
E118 Automatic start
E119 Manual start (transition from standby mode to operation)
E120 Manual stop (transition from operation to standby mode)
E129 External start (remote)
E130 External stop (remote)
E131 AFC Start
E132 AFC Stop
E202 (Partial) reset of BMS due to new battery
E203 State change, battery charging algorithm for float charge
E204 State change, battery charging algorithm for boost charge
E205 State change, battery charging algorithm for full charge
E206 State change into silent mode option
E207 State change, battery charging algorithm for equalization charge
E221 Status change Battery preservation mode level 1
20.6.3Category GEN
20.6.4GRD Category
20.6.5Category REL
E401 Automatic generator start due to set criteria
(battery state of charge, power, time, etc.)
E402 Automatic generator stop due to set criteria
(battery state of charge, power, time, etc.)
E403 Manual generator start
E404 Manual PV array stop
E405 Manual error confirmation of PV array fault
E406 PV array request
E501 Grrd request due to SOC (insufficient value)
E502 Release of grid due to SOC (exceeds)
E503 Grid request due to exceeding the power limit
E504 Release of grid due to falling below the power limit
E505 Manual grid request
E506 Manual grid clearance
E507 Feedin started
E508 Feedin stopped
E601 Relay 1 off
E602 Relay 1 on
E603 Relay 1 on slave 1 off
E604 Relay 1 on slave 1 on
E609 Transfer relay open
E610 Transfer relay closed
E611 Transfer relay on slave 1 open
E612 Transfer relay on slave 1 closed
20.6.6Category SYS
E617 Relay 2 open
E618 Relay 2 closed
E619 Relay 2 on slave 1 open
E620 Relay 2 on slave 1 closed
E625 Digital input OFF (Low)
E626 Digital input ON (High)
E629 Digital input slave 2 to OFF (low)
E630 Digital input slave 2 to ON (high)
E631 Digital input slave 3 to OFF (low)
E632 Digital input slave 3 to ON (high)
E705 Device start
E706 Date, time changed
E707 New system configured in QCG
E708 Part 1 of firmware updated
E709 Part 2 of firmware updated
E710 Cluster firmware updated
E711 MMC/SD card inserted
E712 Parameters from MMC/SD card loaded
E851 Sunny Island Charger #1 detected
20.7Failure Categories
The Sunny Island distinguishes between five different levels of errors, each requiring different user
interaction:
20.8Warnings and Error Messages
The meanings of the warnings and errors displayed by the Sunny Island are described in the following
table:
20.8.1Category INV
Level Designation Display Significance
1 Warning Warning Warning, device continues to run. There is an explicit
information on the Home Screen that a warning was
recorded.
2 Malfunction 1 Malfunction Failure that can only be detected during operation.
Device switches off. Device can be restarted
immediately (autostart).
3 Malfunction 2 Malfunction Failure that can also be detected in standby mode.
Device switches off. The device can only be restarted
(autostart) once the system detects that the failure has
ended.
4 Error Failure Device fault. Device switches off. User interaction
required (failure removal, confirmation, manual
restart)
5 Device defect Defect Device is defect. Device switches off and does not
switch on again. Permanent disable. Device must be
replaced.
Display no. Level Description
F109 3 Transformer overtemperature
W110 1 Transformer overtemperature slave 1
F113 3 Heat sink overtemperature
W114 1 Heat sink overtemperature slave 1
F117 2 AC current limit (shortcircuit control active for too long)
W118 1 AC current limit (shortcircuit control active for too long) on slave 1
20.8.2Category BAT
F121 3 Inverter overvoltage
W122 1 Inverter overvoltage slave 1
W137 1 Derating due to temperature (heat sink or transformer)
W138 1 Derating due to temperature (heat sink or transformer) on slave 1
F141 2 Inverter undervoltage
W142 1 Inverter undervoltage slave 1
F158 2 Voltage on output AC1
W159 1 Voltage on output AC1 slave 1
F201 2 Measuring range of battery voltage exceeded
W202 1 Measuring range of battery voltage exceeded on slave 1
F206 3 Battery overtemperature
F208 3 Battery overvoltage error
W209 1 Battery overvoltage error
W210 1 Battery overvoltage warning
W211 1 Low battery temperature warning
W212 1 High battery temperature warning
F213 2 Warning low battery voltage
W220 1 Warning SOH < 70%
20.8.3Category EXT
W309 1 Relay protection
W310 1 Relay protection slave 1
F314 2 External voltage failure
W315 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to insufficient external voltage
W316 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to insufficient external voltage on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W319 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to excessive external voltage
W320 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to excessive external voltage on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W323 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to insufficient external frequency
W324 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to insufficient external frequency on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W327 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to excessive external frequency
W328 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to excessive external frequency on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W331 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to antiislanding
W332 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to violation of antiislanding on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W335 1 Disconnection from grid/generator due to violation of voltage limits
(redundant measurement)
(redundant measurement), slave 1
W339 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to voltage increase protection
W340 1 Grid/generator disconnection due to voltage increase protection on
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
W343 1 Disconnection from the external source, because the relation of the
external voltage to the battery voltage is too high.
W344 1 Disconnection from the slave 1 external source, because the relation of
the external voltage to the battery voltage is too high.
W347 1 Disconnection from external source due to excessive load
W348 1 Disconnection from external source due to excessive load slave 1
W351 1 Disconnection from external source due to external short circuit
W352 1 Disconnection from external source due to external short circuit slave 1
20.8.4Category GEN
20.8.5GRD Category
20.8.6Category RLY
20.8.7Category SYS
W401 1 Reverse power protection (generator)
W402 1 Generator management switches into the block fault status (FailLock)
W501 1 Grid reverse current prevented (quick grid disconnection)
W502 1 Grid reverse current prevented (quick grid disconnection) on slave 1
W505 1 Feedin current is greater than the nominal grid current
(Parameter "232.03 GdCurNom")
(Parameter "232.03 GdCurNom") Slave 1
F605 4 Transfer relay does not open
W606 1 Transfer relay does not open slave 1
F702 5 DSP reset
F703 2 Timeout during a task
F704 4 Invalid DSP calibration
W705 1 DSP watchdog has been tripped
F706 4 Watchdog meter has expired
(watchdog tripped several times in succession)
W707 1 Watchdog meter on slave 1 has expired
F710 4 Autostart counter elapsed (several autostarts in succession)
W713 1 Watchdog has been tripped
F716 2 Measuring range of battery voltage exceeded
F720 4 Short circuit or cable break on transformer temperature sensor
F721 4 Short circuit or cable break on heat sink temperature sensor
W722 1 Short circuit on battery temperature sensor
W723 1 Cable break on battery temperature sensor
W724 1 Autostart counter slave 1 elapsed
F731 4 Error in cluster configuration
F732 4 Error in address assignment of cluster devices
F733 4 No message from cluster master (only slave)
W734 1 No message from cluster slave 1
W738 1 Synchronization not successful
F739 3 Internal communication of the master is interrupted
W740 1 Internal device communication of slave 1 interrupted
F743 3 Internal CAN communication of the master is interrupted
W744 1 Internal CAN communication of slave 1 is interrupted
W747 1 Short circuit or cable break on transformer temperature sensor slave 1
W750 1 Short circuit or cable break on heat sink temperature sensor slave 1
20.8.8AUX Category
W753 1 Invalid system time
F754 2 Communication with Multicluster Box interrupted
W755 1 Battery Preservation Mode 1 (LBM)
W758 1 No output voltage measured from the main cluster
W759 1 No output voltage measured from slave 1 of main cluster
F781 4 Error at a slave which leads to shutdown of the system
(for the "RunMod" function)
F782 4 Failure of the grid monitoring
F783 2 Slave does not receive a Syncpuls
F784 2 Slave does not receive a Syncpuls Slave 1
F801 4 Plausibility check of contactors in a Multicluster Box failed
W804 1 Grid operation not possible
W805 1 Generator operation not possible
F806 4 Multicluster Box settings do not match software settings.
W807 1 No valid grid voltage for requested grid operation
W808 1 Error Q4 contactor
F809 4 Error Q10 contactor (load shedding)
F810 4 Error in 15 V supply of Multicluster Box
F811 4 Error in 24 V supply of Multicluster Box
F816 2 Error Q7 contactor
F817 4 Error Q9 contactor
F818 4 A phase is missing, Multicluster Box goes into "Failure" status
W851 1 Pole of battery connection reversed or short circuit on
Sunny Island Charger 1
W852 1 Battery overvoltage Sunny Island Charger 1
W853 1 Overvoltage PV array Sunny Island Charger 1
W854 1 No PV voltage or shortcircuit on Sunny Island Charger 1
W855 1 Sensor error (or undertemperature) on Sunny Island Charger 1
W856 1 Overtemperature Sunny Island Charger 1
W857 1 No communication with Sunny Island Charger 1 for more than 24 h
F890 2 Fault at the external measuring point of the Multicluster Box
F891 2 Fault at the external measuring point of the Multicluster Box slave 1
F892 2 Fault at the external measuring point of the Multicluster Box slave 2
20.9Troubleshooting
Answers are provided below for faults that may occur in practice:
Why does the Sunny Island not connect to the running generator?
Is the fuse on the generator ok?
Has the power which is allowed to be fed back into the generator during the permissible time
been exceeded ("233.14 GnRvTm" parameter)? If yes, "!" is displayed. Generator connection
is blocked for the set time. Set the "540.02 GnAck" parameter to Ackn.
If the generator control relay (GnReq) is open has the generator been started manually
("234.07 GnStrMod" parameter)? Change the setting to autostart, if required.
Is a GenMan used in the system?
Check the return signal (DigIn)
The generator can only be started manually using GenMan.
Why is the display of the Sunny Island dark and why is nothing shown on the
display?
Is the DC miniature circuitbreaker on the Sunny Island set to "On"? In this case, the device has
switched off to protect the battery from deep discharge (see also section 13.3State of Charge
(SOC) and State of Health (SOH) (page108)). To restart the Sunny Island, see section
9.5Reactivating the Device Following Automatic Shutdown (page75).
The external battery fuse may have been tripped.
Why is it not possible to change the parameters?
Has the installer password been entered correctly? Check whether you are actually in "Installer
Level" (see section 10.5Entering the Installer Password (page86)). If necessary, repeat the
calculation and entry of the password.
You are e.g. in the "100Meters" (measuring data) menu or the "300Diagnosis" (diagnosis)
menu. You can only read the data values shown here.
Some parameters can only be changed in standby mode or in the QCG (see for example the
parameter "234.07 GnStrMod" in section 19.2Adjustable Parameters (page163)). Stop
the Sunny Island as described in section 9.2Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) (page74).
Note that this causes a dropout in the standalone grid system and the loads are no longer
supplied.
Why does the Sunny Island connect to the running generator only for a short
time?
The limits for the maximum permissible AC voltage or the minimum permissible frequency of the
generator are too strict (parameter in the menu "233# Generator Control"). Change voltage
and/or frequency limiting values while observing the technical data for your generator.
Why does the "VACLow" error (output voltage too low) also occur when the
Sunny Island is started?
A permanent shortcircuit exists in the standalone grid system. Check the AC output connections
of the standalone grid system (see section 6.3AC Connection (page46)).
The loads connected to the standalone grid system are too heavy. The power/electrical energy
of the Sunny Island is not sufficient to supply the loads. Switch off some of the loads and restart
the Sunny Island.
Why is the offgrid frequency not at 60 Hz?
The Sunny Boy inverter is controlled via the frequency (see section 17.5Frequency Shift Power
Control (FSPC) (page151)).
The "AFC" function of the Sunny Island 4548-US/6048-US is activated
(see section 12.7Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) (page105)).
Power fluctuations cause frequency deviations.
What do I do when a battery cell can no longer be used?
Remove the unusable cell from your battery bank. Start the Sunny Island and change the battery
voltage in the QCG under "New Battery".
What can I do when the QCG does not run?
Switch off the Sunny Island (see section 9.3Switching Off (page75)) and restart it
(see section 9.1Switching On (page73)).
What can I do when "MMC operation failed" appears on the display?
You wanted to perform an action using the SD card, but it failed (see section 10.9Display of
Warnings and Failures (page92)). Check the card (on your PC/laptop) and use a new
SD card, if necessary.
Why does my Sunny Island stay on even though I switched the DC miniature
circuitbreaker to Off?
Your Sunny Island may be powered by the AC side. Switch off all AC consumers and disconnect
them from the Sunny Island (see section 9.4Disconnecting the Device from Voltage Sources
(page75)).
Why is my battery discharging even though the generator is running?
The power produced by the generator does not reach the Sunny Island. Check the voltage and
frequency values. The fuses on the generator may have been tripped.
The consumer power exceeds the generator power "234.03 GnCurNom".
Check error messages Find the cause.
Why is the deactivation defined by the SOC in case of a full or equalization
charge and generator start in the second time zone?
The equalization charge has a higher priority than silent time.
Why is the SOC not at 100%, even after completion of a full charge?
Set a longer absorption period.
How is it possible to ensure that the maximum battery charging current is
correctly calculated after a reinstallation of the battery current sensor?
Recalibrate the battery current sensor using the "225.04 BatCurAutoCal" parameter with the
setting "Start".
What is required if the Sunny Island is continuously switched off after Low Battery
Mode (LBM) when restarting the device?
Start the generator manually, if required (e.g.: Run1h). Consider the time for warming up:
5 minutes without charging current in BatProtMode can cause the device to change to standby
mode.
How is it possible to change between wintertime and summertime operation e.g.
for alpine huts?
Save two different parameter sets on the SD card and activate them via the "550.02 ParaLod"
parameter (see section 11.3Saving and Loading Parameters (page97).
What happens if the card inserted is not FAT16 formatted?
The Sunny Island displays the message "Incomp".
Why does the generator and/or the grid not reconnect although the
(voltage or frequency) limit for disconnection has not been exceeded?
The Sunny Island connects with a socalled hysteresis, i.e., the connection value is slightly below
or above the disconnection value. These limiting values are predefined exworks.
Why is it not possible to set any combinations of voltage and frequency limits?
The possible ranges for voltage and frequency of the Sunny Island allow the combination of
special frequencies and voltages that result in transformer saturation and are therefore not
permitted.
Why is it that one (or more) extension clusters remain in standby, although the
main cluster is operating properly?
Is the communication cable between the master devices connected? The main master cannot
forward the "Start" command to the extension master. The devices remain in standby.
Why is the Multicluster system not supplying full power?
Has an extension cluster's slave failed? The system continues to operate, but with
correspondingly lower output on the phase of the failed device.
Why is it that shortly after startup, the slave switches to standby with the error
message F117, but the master continues to operate?
Are the phases within the cluster, or from the cluster to the Multicluster Box connected the wrong
way around? This causes a permanent shortcircuit in the cluster, and the slave reports this to the
master.
What is the meaning of the F605 error message?
The F605 error message might occur, among other things, if you have installed a direct
connection with switch between the AC input (AC2) and the AC output (AC1) of the
Sunny Island. If such a connection is not installed on the Sunny Island and if the switch is closed,
the Sunny Island is surpassed. If the Sunny Island did not give the order for closing its internal
transfer relay itself, it displays the F605 error message and does not start operation. Open the
bypass switch and restart the Sunny Island afterwards to fix this error.
Why is it that high outputs are being transferred back and forth between the
clusters in the cluster network?
The nominal frequencies and voltages are defined differently. Correct this by means of the
appropriate parameters.
20.10What to Do during Emergency Charge Mode
The Sunny Island cannot provide voltage with full amplitude with a deeply discharged battery and
can no longer synchronize with an existing grid or generator. Using the emergency charge mode
(ECM), it is possible to charge the batteries in currentcontrolled mode.
To charge the batteries in the emergency charge mode, either bridge the AC1 with AC2
(for a stationary generator) or connect a portable generator directly to AC1.
All loads must be disconnected in emergency charge mode.
Emergency charge mode is activated in the QCG. For a description how to access the QCG see
section 8.2Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG) (page67). Follow the instructions up to
point 2. The emergency charge mode is described below.
1. Choose "Emerg Charge" in QCG with <ENTER>.
Battery Management
The battery management is active and the current set battery parameters and the current
charging phase are used. These values can be changed in "normal operation".
Generator and Grid Management
In emergency charge mode, the generator management and grid management are
not active. Reverse power protection and relay protection are also not active.
AC1 and AC2 are bridged
In case that AC1 and AC2 have been bridged the generator should be connected and
then manually started. Otherwise, it is possible that the magnetizing current trips the
generator fuse. (This can also happen when connecting the relay without using a bridge.)
2. Confirm the following view with <ENTER>.
3. Set the maximum external current, e.g., that of the
generator.
4. Confirm the set value with <ENTER>.
5. Use the down arrow key.
The display on the right appears.
6. Press <ENTER> to confirm.
7. Press <ENTER>.
The emergency charge mode is started.
Interrupt the emergency charge mode, e.g., in order to refill diesel:
1. Press <Enter> to stop the Sunny Island.
The emergency charging mode is interrupted. The
notification shown here is displayed.
In emergency charge mode, process values are shown in the display. Parameters cannot be changed
during the charging process. If the Sunny Island is restarted, the settings that were saved before the
ECM are loaded.
Prematurely ending the Emergency Charge Mode
In order to exit the emergency charge mode early, the Sunny Island must be restarted with
the "510.01 InvRs" parameter.
Bridge between AC1 and AC2
After emergency charge mode has been completed make sure to remove the bridge
between AC1 and AC2!
Restarting
Observe information for restarting and wait for fifteen minutes (see also section
9.5Reactivating the Device Following Automatic Shutdown (page75)).
Accessories SMA America, LLC
21Accessories
You will find the corresponding accessories and spare parts for your product in the following
overview. If necessary, you can order these from SMA Solar Technology or your specialty retailer.
Designation Brief description SMA order number
BatfuseB.01 (250 A)
(not UL certified)
2pole NH1 battery fuseswitchdisconnector for
up to one Sunny Island, 3 DC input ports
(1 x Battery and 2 x Sunny Island Charger),
1 X auxiliary voltage output with 8 A
BATFUSEB.01
BatfuseB.03 (250 A)
(not UL certified)
2pole NH1 battery fuse switch disconnector for
up to 3 Sunny Island, 6 DC input ports
(2 x Battery and 4 x Sunny Island Chargers),
1 X auxiliary voltage output with 8 A
BATFUSEB.03
LoadShedding
Contactor
3pole loadshedding contactor with 48 V DC coil
for Sunny Island
The loadshedding contactor is available in
several versions. You can obtain more
information from SMA or your specialty retailer.
SILSXX
SIShunt Measuring shunts for the battery current detection
The measuring shunt is available in several
versions. You can obtain more information from
SMA.
SISHUNTXXX
Sunny Island Charger
(not ULcertified)
Solar charge regulator for Sunny Island systems
Battery voltage: 48 V/24 V/12 V
Battery current: 50 A at 48 V, 50 A at 12 V/24 V
Nominal power: 2000 W at 48 V, max. PV
voltage: 140 V
SIC50MPT
Smart Load 6000 Adjustable dump load SL6000
RS485 upgrade kit RS485 interface 485PBG3
Multicluster PiggyBack Interface for communication between the
Sunny Island and the Multicluster Box
MCPB
Sunny Island Charger
PiggyBack
Interface for communication between the
Sunny Island and Sunny Island Charger
SICPB
SMA America, LLC Technical Data
22Technical Data
22.1Sunny Island 4548US
Output values SI 4548US10
Nominal AC voltage (adjustable) UAC, nom 120 V (105 V 132 V)
Nominal Frequency f
nom
60 Hz (55 65 Hz)
Continuous AC output at 77F (25C) P
nom
4 500 W
AC output power for 30 min at 77F (25C) P
30

min
5 300 W
1

min
8 400 W
AC output power for 3 seconds at 77F (25C) P
3

sec
11 000 W
AC continuous power at 104F (40C) P
nom
3 100 W
AC power at 104F (40C) for 3 hours P
3h
4 000 W
nom
1800W
nom
200W
nominal AC current I
AC, nom
37.5 A
Maximum current (peak value) for 60 ms I
AC,

max
180 A
Total harmonic factor of output voltage K
VAC
< 3%
Power factor cos 1 +1
Input values
Input voltage (adjustable) U
AC, ext
120 V (80 V 150 V)
Input frequency (adjustable) f
ext
60 Hz ( 54 Hz 66 Hz)
Maximum AC input current (adjustable) I
AC, ext
56 A (0 A 56 A)
Maximum input power P
AC, ext
6.7 kW
Battery Data
Battery voltage (range) U
Bat, nom
48 V (41 V 63 V)
Maximum battery charging current I
Bat, max
110 A
Continuous charging current I
Bat, nom
85 A
Battery capacity C
Bat
100 Ah 10 000 Ah
Charge Control IUoU procedure with automatic full
and equalization charge
Battery type VRLA / FLA / NiCd
Technical Data SMA America, LLC
Efficiency / Power consumption SI 4548US10
Maximum efficiency 96%
Efficiency > 90% 5% P
nom
120% P
nom
CEC efficiency 94.0 %
Efficiency curve
selfconsumption with no load (in standby mode) 25 W (4 W)
General data
Dimensions (W x H x D) 1
17
/
32
ft. x 2 ft. x
3
/
4
ft.
(467 mm x 612 mm x 235 mm)
Weight approx. 139 lb. (approx. 63 kg)
Certification UL 1741/UL1998
Degree of protection NEMA 1
Device protection shortcircuit, overload,
overtemperature
Ambient temperature 13F 140F
( 25C +60C)
Interfaces SI 4548US10
Number of LEDs 2
Number of buttons 4
Display 2line display
Multifunction relay 2
Communication RS485, galvanically insulated
(optional)
Memory card SD card
Digital input level (DigIn) High level from 5 V (up to 63 V),
low level 0 V ... 2V
Load limits for multifunction relays 1 and 2 AC: 6 A at at 250 V
DC: see graphic
Load limitation curve
22.2Sunny Island 6048US
Output values SI 6048US10
Nominal AC voltage (adjustable) UAC, nom 120 V (105 V 132 V)
Nominal Frequency f
nom
60 Hz (55 65 Hz)
nom
5 750 W
30 min
7 000 W
1 min
8 400 W
AC output power for 3 seconds at 77F (25C) P
3 sec
11 000 W
nom
4 700 W
AC power at 104F (40C) for 3 hours P
3h
5 000 W
nom
3500W
nom
2200W
Nominal AC current I
AC, nom
48.0 A
Maximum current (peak value) for 60 ms I
AC max
180 A
Total harmonic factor of output voltage K
VAC
< 3%
Power factor cos 1 +1
Input values
Input voltage (adjustable) U
AC, ext
120 V (80 V 150 V)
Input frequency (adjustable) f
ext
60 Hz ( 54 Hz 66 Hz)
Maximum AC input current (adjustable) I
AC, ext
56 A (0 A 56 A)
Maximum input power P
AC, ext
6.7 kW
Battery Data
Battery voltage (range) U
Bat, nom
48 V (41 V 63 V)
Maximum battery charging current I
Bat, max
140 A
Continuous charging current I
Bat, nom
110 A
Battery capacity C
Bat
100 Ah 10 000 Ah
Charge Control IUoU procedure with automatic full
and equalization charge
Battery type VRLA / FLA / NiCd
Efficiency / Power consumption SI 6048US10
Maximum efficiency 96%
Efficiency > 90% 5% 120% P
nom
CEC efficiency 93.5%
Efficiency curve
selfconsumption with no load (in standby mode) 25 W (< 4 W)
General data
Dimensions (W x H x D in mm) 1
17
/
32
ft. x 2 ft. x
3
/
4
ft.
(467 mm x 612 mm x 235 mm)
Weight approx. 139 lb. (approx. 63 kg)
Certification UL 1741/UL1998
Degree of protection NEMA 1
Device protection shortcircuit, overload,
overtemperature
Ambient temperature 13F 140F
(25C +60C)
Interfaces SI 6048US10
Number of LEDs 2
Number of buttons 4
Display 2line display
Multifunction relay 2
Communication RS485, galvanically insulated
(optional)
Memory card SD card
Digital input level (DigIn) High level from 5 V (up to 63 V),
low level 0 V ... 2V
Load limits for multifunction relays 1 and 2 AC: 6 A at at 250 V
DC: see graphic
Load limitation curve
SMA America, LLC Glossary
23Glossary
Absorption phase
Constant Voltage phase: A charging phase using constant charging voltage.
The charging current constantly decreases in this phase.
AC
Abbreviation for "Alternating Current"
AC coupling
The AC side connection between loads, generators and storage devices.
AGM battery
Absorbent glass mat separator battery. This is a battery where the electrolyte (a mixture of water and
sulfuric acid) is bound to a glass fiber mat. This is a type of a sealed or valve regulated leadacid
(VRLA) lead acid battery. A gas mixture (hydrogen and oxygen) is always generated when lead acid
batteries are charged, and in normal operation this internally recombines to form water. This removes
the need for regularly refilling the battery cells with water, which is why these batteries are often
described as "low maintenance" or even "maintenance free". AGM batteries are available from many
different manufacturers for a wide range of applications. They usually have very good high current
properties but are not very chargecycle resistant in relation to deep discharge.
Ah
Abbreviation for "amperehour". Unit of electrical charge, one ampere hour is the charge provided by
a constant current of 1 A over a period of one hour.
Backup system
Backup systems are power supply systems that provide an extra level of security for standard power
supply systems. The power distribution grid is usually the standard power supply system and the
backup system is provided by an additional standalone grid in the case of a power outage. In
addition to the backup systems, diesel generators in PV battery systems are also described as backup
generators. Here they perform the same task as a backup system for the power distribution grid.
Battery
A battery is an electrochemical storage device that can release previously stored chemical energy as
electrical energy. A distinction is made between nonrechargeable batteries (often used in consumer
markets) and rechargeable batteries (accumulators). In standalone grid systems, lead acid batteries
are almost always used and, very rarely, Nickel/Cadmium batteries are used as secondary
rechargeable batteries.
Battery bank
See Battery system
Glossary SMA America, LLC
Battery charge mode
An operating mode of a battery inverter in which the inverter takes energy from the AC grid to charge
the batteries in a controlled fashion. In this operating mode, the battery inverter is responsible for
correctly charging the batteries and acts like an independent battery charger.
Battery inverters
See Battery power converter
Battery Management
The battery management is responsible for optimal battery bank charging and reliable protection
against deep discharge. This is the only way of ensuring that the battery service life reflects the
manufacturer's specifications.
Battery power converter
A bidirectional power converter that can regulate voltage and frequency in a standalone grid as well
as correctly charging the batteries.
Battery system
The combination of serial and possibly also parallel connection of several identical batteries.
Battery banks of 12 V, 24 V, 48 V and 60 V are typical.
Boost charge
Boost charge: serves to charge the battery as quickly and efficiently as possible to a state of charge
of approx. 85% 90%.
Capacity
Describes the storage capability of a cell or battery, specified in Ah (ampere hours).
The capacity of a battery is heavily dependent on the charging cycle, the amount of current drawn
and the temperature.
CEC
Abbreviation for California Energy Commission
Central Inverter
An inverter concept, in which all PV modules are connected to each other (in series and/or parallel)
and which uses a single inverter for feeding energy into the mains power distribution grid. The low
cost of the inverter is usually offset by the much higher installation efforts required and possible yield
losses due to variations in shadowing of different solar modules.
Charge Mode
See Battery charging mode
Constant current phase
IPhase: The charging phase in which charging can be done using the maximum allowable charging
current.
C rate
The nominal capacity specification is always provided with the discharge time on which the capacity
is based. The nominal capacity is the product of the constant discharging current IN and the discharge
time t
N
, that passes between commencement of discharge of the fully charged battery until the final
discharge voltage VS is reached. For stationary batteries, the C10 capacity is usually specified,
i. e. a battery with C10 = 200 Ah can be discharged for 10 hours at a nominal current of
0.1 C10 = I10 = 20 A.
DC
Abbreviation for "Direct Current"
Derating
A controlled reduction in performance, usually dependent on component temperatures.
Derating is initiated in order to avoid the shutting down of the complete plant.
DSP
Abbreviation for Digital Signal Processor. A DSP is a microprocessor chip especially developed for
digital signal processing and control.
Electrolyte
A chemical solution that allows the conduction of ions within a battery. In lead acid batteries, the
electrolyte is diluted sulfuric acid and is also a reactant in the electrochemical reaction.
Nickel/Cadmium batteries use an alkaline electrolyte (potassium hydroxide).
EPROM
See Flash EEPROM
Equalization charge
Equalization charge: allows different seriesconnected battery cells to be charged to a unified state of
charge of 95% 100%. Without regular equalization charge, the state of charge of the different cells
slowly drift apart, which can lead to a poor battery power performance and a premature battery bank
failure.
Firmware
Firmware is software that is stored in a chip in various electronic devices, such as Sunny Island, hard
disk recorders, DVD burners and players, newer television sets, household appliances and computers
in contrast to software that is stored on a hard drive, CDROM or other media. These days, firmware
is usually stored in Flash memory or an EEPROM chip.
FLA
Flooded Lead Acid battery: A lead acid battery with liquid electrolyte, also often described as a
sealed lead acid battery.
Flash EEPROM
The abbreviation EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable ReadOnly Memory. Flash
memory is a digital storage chip, the exact designation is Flash EEPROM. In contrast to "normal"
EEPROM storage, individual bytes (the smallest addressable storage units) cannot be deleted.
EEPROM is a nonvolatile, electronic storage component that is used in the Sunny Island, the computer
industry (among others) and usually in Embedded Systems. Flash EEPROMs are used where
information must be permanently stored in the smallest amount of space, e.g. for storing the firmware.
Float charge
Maintenance charge: Allows the batteries to be slowly charged to a state of charge of 100% without
the negative effects of overcharging. Complete charging to 100% using float charge takes several
days. For this reason, maintenance charging is more important for grid backup systems and less
important for standalone grids.
Full charge
Recharging of the batteries to a level of approx. 95% on a regular basis (at least once a month).
This efficiently avoids premature aging of the batteries caused by inadequate charging.
Gel battery
A type of battery in which the electrolyte (a mixture of water and sulfuric acid) is bound into a gel.
This is a type of a sealed or valve regulated leadacid (VRLA) lead acid battery. A gas mixture
(hydrogen and oxygen) is always generated when lead acid batteries are charged, and in normal
operation this internally recombines to form water. This removes the need for regularly refilling the
battery cells with water, which is why these batteries are often described as "low maintenance" or
even "maintenance free" (see also AGM batteries). Gel batteries are available from many different
manufacturers for a wide range of applications. There are Gel batteries for highcurrent applications
but also for cycle operation with very good deepcycle resistance.
Gridtie plant
A PV plant that is connected to the power supply grid of an external energy supply such as the power
company.
Inverter
A device for converting the direct current (DC) from the PV array into alternating current (AC), which
is necessary for connection of most normal household devices and especially for the feedin of solar
energy into an existing supply grid. Inverters for PV systems usually include one or more MPP trackers,
store operating data and monitor the grid connections of the PV system (see also MSD).
Inverter mode
Operating mode of a battery inverter where it supplies the standalone grid from the battery energy.
In this operating mode, the battery inverter is especially responsible for the control of frequency and
voltage in the standalone grid.
Maximum Power Point MPP
The working point (current/voltage characteristic curve) of a PV array where the maximum power can
be drawn. The actual MPP changes constantly depending (e.g.) on the level of solar irradiation and
the ambient temperature.
MPP tracker
Regulation of the power drawn so that a PV array remains as close as possible to the MPP.
This working point varies with the solar irradiation and the temperature conditions of the modules.
MPP tracking optimizes the extraction of electrical power and is a feature of inverters and charge
controllers.
Multistring inverter
An inverter that combines the advantages of several string inverters (separate MPP control of
individual strings) and a central inverter (low performancespecific costs).
NiCd
Nickel/Cadmium battery, contains Nickel, Cadmium, and potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte.
They require a significantly higher charging voltage, have a lower level of efficiency and are
significantly more expensive than lead acid batteries. Their robustness, cycle resistance and low
temperature capabilities allow them to be used in certain special applications.
Overload capability
The overload capacity of an inverter describes its ability to supply shortterm (seconds or minutes)
excessive loads that can be significantly higher than the nominal power of batterypowered inverters.
The overload capacity is necessary in order to be able to also start electronic machines that have a
nominal power similar to the nominal power of the inverter in the standalone grid, since these
machines typically need six times more current during start up in relation to the nominal current.
Parallel connection
Parallel connection of the batteries (all positive poles together and all negative poles together)
increases the capacity of the battery bank while keeping the voltage constant.
Example: Two 24 V/100 Ah batteries connected in parallel still have a voltage of 24
Protected loads panel
See "Standalone grid system".
PiggyBack (Board)
A printed circuit board that is plugged into another board to increase performance or expand
capabilities. A PiggyBack printed circuit board can also replace an individual chip. In this case, the
chip is removed and the board is plugged into the empty plinth.
PLC
Abbreviation for Power Line Communication: Describes the process of data transmission over the grid
supply cables. The PLC power module is used to amplify the signal and is connected in MultiString
and Sunny Mini Central inverters. Powerline communication is not suitable for Sunny Island inverters.
PV
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of solar irradiation into electrical energy using special
semiconductors called solar cells.
PV plant
Describes a PV plant for generating electrical power. Describes the totality of components required
for the exploitation and utilization of solar energy. In gridtie plants this includes not only the PV array,
but also the inverter, e.g. Sunny Boy or Sunny Mini Central.
PV array
See PV array
PV array
Technical device for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. All electrically connected
(in series and in parallel) PV modules of a PV plant are referred to as the PV array.
PV modules
See Solar module.
PV module
Electrical connection of several solar cells encapsulated in a enclosure to protect the sensitive cells
from mechanical stress and environmental effects.
PV cell
An electronic component part that generates electrical energy when irradiated with sunlight.
Since the voltage produced by a solar cell is very low (approx. 0.5 V), several solar cells are
combined in a series to form a solar module. The most common semiconductor material presently used
for solar cells is silicon, which is manufactured in different forms (monocrystalline, polycrystalline,
amorphous). In addition to different mechanical variations, that are usually designed to increase the
level of efficiency, completely new materials are currently being tested (Cadmium Telluride, Cadmium
Indium Sulphide, Titanium Dioxide and many others.)
Series connection
In this case the positive pole of each battery is connected to the negative pole of the next battery.
There is only one circuit where current can flow. Series connection increases the voltage of the entire
battery bank. If four 12 V batteries with a capacity of 100 Ah each are connected in series, the total
voltage is 4 12 V = 48 V, while the total capacity remains at 100 Ah.
Standalone grid system
An energy generation system that supplies electrical energy completely independently of any external
electrical energy supply.
State of charge
Describes the current amount of charge that can be drawn from the battery, in percent of the nominal
capacity (100% = battery full, 0% = battery empty).
Self discharge
Loss of battery charge while it is stored or not used. A higher ambient temperature has a strong
influence on self discharge.
SOC
State of Charge: the state of charge of the battery, see State of charge. If (e.g) 25 Ah is taken from
a 100Ah battery, the state of charge (SOC) is then 75%.
Solar energy
"Sun energy", this means energy from sunlight or other solar irradiation (heat and/or UV radiation).
Splitphase
A splitphase system is a 3conductor singlephase distribution system, commonly used in North
America, the UK, Australia and New Zealand for singlefamily residential and light commercial
(up to 100 kVA) applications. Its primary advantage is that it saves conductor material since a
1phase system with 1 N conductor is used, while on the supply side of the distribution system only
one phase is necessary. Since there are two live conductors in the system, it is sometimes incorrectly
referred to as "twophase system". To avoid confusion with split phase applications, it would be correct
to call this power distribution system a 3conductor, singlephase, midpoint, neutral system.
String
Describes a group of solar modules connected in series. A PV plant usually consists of a number of
strings, which avoids excessive yield losses caused by variations in shadowing on different modules.
String inverter
Inverter concept in which the disadvantages of the central inverter concept are avoided. The PV is split
into individual strings, each of which is connected to the external mains supply with its own string
inverter. This greatly simplifies installation and greatly reduces the yield losses caused by
manufacturing deviations or variations in shadowing of the solar modules.
VRLA
Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery: Leadacid battery with semisolid electrolyte or sealed lead acid
battery. Examples of this type of battery are Gel batteries and AGM batteries (Absorbent Glass Mat).
Contact SMA America, LLC
24Contact
If you have technical problems concerning our products, contact the SMA Service Line. We need the
following data in order to provide you with the necessary assistance:
Sunny Island type
Serial number of the Sunny Island
Firmware version of the Sunny Island
Displayed error message
Type of battery connected
Nominal battery capacity
Nominal battery voltage
Communication products connected
Type and size of additional energy sources
Type of connected generators
Power of the connected generator
Maximum current of the generator
Interface of the generator
SMA Solar Technology America, LLC
6020 West Oaks Blvd, Ste 300
Rocklin, CA 95765
Tel. +1 916 625 0870
Tel. +1 877MY SMA TECH
Tel. +1 877 697 6283 (Toll free, available for USA, Canada and Puerto Rico)
Fax +1 916 625 0871
[email protected]
www.SMAAmerica.com
www.SMA-So|or.com
SMA So|or Iecbno|ogy
SMA Amer|co, llC
www.SM^^ot|co.co

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SI45_60-eng-TB-TUS120812 | TBEN-SI6048US | Version 1.

ANSI/NFPA 70 or the Canadian Electrical Code

310.15 in the case of cable lengths exceeding 32.8 ft (10 m).

Master The slave update starts.

Master The slave update is

Master The master update is

Slave The slave update is

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