Mutual funds provide investors with several key benefits, including diversification, professional management, and record keeping/administration. They allow individuals to own a small piece of many different investments. The two main types of mutual funds are open-end funds, which issue and redeem shares continuously at net asset value, and closed-end funds, which trade on exchanges like stocks. As of 2008, around 60% of mutual fund assets were invested in equity funds, with bond and money market funds each representing around 20%.
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Chap 004
Mutual funds provide investors with several key benefits, including diversification, professional management, and record keeping/administration. They allow individuals to own a small piece of many different investments. The two main types of mutual funds are open-end funds, which issue and redeem shares continuously at net asset value, and closed-end funds, which trade on exchanges like stocks. As of 2008, around 60% of mutual fund assets were invested in equity funds, with bond and money market funds each representing around 20%.
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Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies
Chapter 04 Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies Answer Key
1. Whih one o! the !ollowin" invests in a port!olio that is !i#ed !or the li!e o! the !und$ A. Mutual !und %. Money mar&et !und C. Mana"ed investment ompany D. 'nit investment trust (. )))))) are partnerships o! investors with port!olios that are lar"er than most individual investors *ut are still too small to warrant mana"in" on a separate *asis. A. Commin"led !unds %. Closed-end !unds C. +,I-s .. Mutual !unds /. A )))))))))) is a private investment pool open only to wealthy or institutional investors that is e#empt !rom 0,C re"ulation and an there!ore pursue more speulative poliies than mutual !unds. A. ommin"led pool %. unit trust C. hed"e !und .. money mar&et !und 4. Advanta"es o! investment ompanies to investors inlude all *ut whih one o! the !ollowin"$ A. +eord &eepin" and administration %. 1ow ost diversi!iation C. 2ro!essional mana"ement D. 3uaranteed rates o! return 4. Whih o! the !ollowin" typially employ si"ni!iant amounts o! levera"e$ I. 5ed"e !unds II. +,I-s III. Money mar&et !unds I6. ,7uity mutual !unds A. I and II only %. II and III only C. III and I6 only .. I8 II and III only 4-1 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 9. -he :A6 o! whih !unds is !i#ed at ;1 per share$ A. ,7uity !unds B. Money mar&et !unds C. Fi#ed inome !unds .. Commin"led !unds <. -he two prinipal types o! +,I-s are e7uity trusts whih ))))))))))))))) and mort"a"e trusts whih ))))))))))))))). A. invest diretly in real estate= invest in mort"a"e and onstrution loans %. invest in mort"a"e and onstrution loans= invest diretly in real estate C. use e#tensive levera"e= distri*ute less than >4? o! inome to shareholders .. distri*ute less than >4? o! inome to shareholders= use e#tensive levera"e @. A ontin"ent de!erred sales har"e is ommonly alled a )))). A. !ront-end load B. *a&-end load C. 1(*-1 har"e .. top end sales ommission >. In the '.0. there are appro#imately ))))))) mutual !unds o!!ered *y less than ))))))) !und !amilies. A. 1(8000= 900 %. <8000= 100 C. @8000= 400 .. >8000= /00 10. In 1>>>8 the 0,C esta*lished rules that should ma&e a mutual !und prospetus ))))))). A. easier to read and understand %. muh more detailed C. disappear over the ne#t 10 years .. irrelevant to investors 11. Mutual !unds provide the !ollowin" !or their shareholdersA A. .iversi!iation %. 2ro!essional mana"ement C. +eord &eepin" and administration D. Mutual !unds provide diversi!iation8 pro!essional mana"ement8 and reord &eepin" and administration 1(. -he avera"e maturity o! !und investments in a money mar&et mutual !und is ))))))). A. sli"htly more than one month %. sli"htly more than one year C. a*out > months .. *etween ( and / years 4-( Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 1/. +an& the !ollowin" !und ate"ory !rom most ris&y to least ris&y. I. ,7uity "rowth !und II. %alaned !und III. 0etor !und I6. Money mar&et !und A. I68 I8 III8 II %. III8 II8 I68 I C. I8 II8 III8 I6 D. III8 I8 II8 I6 14. Whih o! the !ollowin" result in a ta#a*le event !or investors$ I. 0hort-term apital "ains distri*utions !rom the !und II. .ividend distri*utions !rom the !und III. 1on"-term apital "ains distri*utions !rom the !und A. I only %. II only C. I and II only D. I8 II and III 14. -he type o! mutual !und that primarily en"a"es in mar&et timin" is alled aBan ))))))). A. setor !und %. inde# !und C. ,-F D. asset alloation !und 19. As o! (00@8 appro#imately ))))) o! mutual !und assets were invested in e7uity !unds. A. 4? B. 44? C. /0? .. 1(? 1<. As o! (00@8 appro#imately ))))) o! mutual !und assets were invested in *ond !unds. A. 14? %. 1>? C. /<? .. 4<?
1@. As o! (00@8 appro#imately ))))) o! mutual !und assets were invested in money mar&et !unds. A. 4? B. (9? C. 44? .. 99? 4-/ Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 1>. Mana"ement !ees !or open-end and losed-end !unds8 typially ran"e *etween ))))) and ))))). A. 0.(?= 1.4? %. 0.4?= 4? C. (?= 4? .. /?= @? (0. -he primary measurement unit used !or assessin" the value o! oneCs sta&e in an investment ompany is ))))))))))))))))))). A. :et Asset 6alue %. Avera"e Asset 6alue C. 3ross Asset 6alue .. -otal Asset 6alue (1. :et Asset 6alue is de!ined as )))))))))))))))))))))))). A. *oo& value o! assets divided *y shares outstandin" %. *oo& value o! assets minus lia*ilities divided *y shares outstandin" C. mar&et value o! assets divided *y shares outstandin" D. mar&et value o! assets minus lia*ilities divided *y shares outstandin" ((. Assume that you have Dust purhased some shares in an investment ompany reportin" ;400 million in assets8 ;40 million in lia*ilities8 and 40 million shares outstandin". What is the :et Asset 6alue E:A6F o! these shares$ A. ;1(.00 B. ;>.00 C. ;10.00 .. ;1.00 (/. Assume that you have reently purhased 100 shares in an investment ompany. 'pon e#aminin" the *alane sheet8 you note the !irm is reportin" ;((4 million in assets8 ;/0 million in lia*ilities8 and 10 million shares outstandin". What is the :et Asset 6alue E:A6F o! these shares$ A. ;(4.40 %. ;((.40 C. ;1>.40 .. ;1.>4 4-4 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies (4. -he 6an"uard 400 Inde# Fund tra&s the per!ormane o! the 0G2 400. -o do so the !und *uys shares in eah 0G2 400 ompany )))))))))). A. in proportion to the mar&et value wei"ht o! the !irmCs e7uity in the 0G2400 %. in proportion to the prie wei"ht o! the sto& in the 0G2400 C. *y purhasin" an e7ual num*er o! shares o! eah sto& in the 0G2 400 .. *y purhasin" an e7ual dollar amount o! shares o! eah sto& in the 0G2400 (4. Whih o! the !ollowin" is not a type o! mana"ed investment ompany$ A. 'nit investment trusts %. Closed-end !unds C. Open-end !unds .. 5ed"e !unds (9. Whih o! the !ollowin" !unds invest in sto&s o! !ast "rowin" ompanies$ A. %alaned !unds B. 3rowth e7uity !unds C. +,I-s .. ,7uity inome !unds (<. A !und that invests in seurities worldwide8 inludin" the 'nited 0tates is alled aBan )))))). A. international !und %. emer"in" mar&et !und C. "lo*al !und .. re"ional !und (@. -he "reatest perenta"e o! mutual !und assets are invested in )))))))). A. *ond !unds B. e7uity !unds C. hy*rid !unds .. money mar&et !unds (>. 0ponsors o! unit investment trusts earn a pro!it *y ))))))))))))))))))). A. dedutin" mana"ement !ees !rom !und assets %. dedutin" a perenta"e o! any "ains in asset value C. sellin" shares in the trust at a premium to the ost o! a7uirin" the underlyin" assets .. har"in" port!olio turnover !ees /0. Investors who wish to li7uidate their holdin"s in a unit investment trust may ))))))))))))))))))). A. sell their shares *a& to the trustee at a disount B. sell their shares *a& to the trustee at net asset value C. sell their shares on the open mar&et .. sell their shares at a premium to net asset value 4-4 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies /1. Investors who wish to li7uidate their holdin"s in a losed-end !und may ))))))))))))))))))). A. sell their shares *a& to the !und at a disount i! they wish %. sell their shares *a& to the !und at net asset value C. sell their shares on the open mar&et .. sell their shares at a premium to net asset value i! they wish /(. )))))))))) !und is de!ined as one where the !und har"es a sales ommission to either *uy into or e#it the !und. A. A load %. A no-load C. An inde# .. A speialiHed setor !und //. )))))))))) is a false statement re"ardin" open-end mutual !unds. A. -hey o!!er investors a "uaranteed rate o! return %. -hey o!!er investors a well diversi!ied port!olio C. -hey redeem shares at their net asset value .. -hey o!!er low ost diversi!iation /4. )))))))))) !unds stand ready to redeem or issue shares at their net asset value. A. Closed-end %. Inde# C. Open-end .. 5ed"e
4-9 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies /4. +evenue sharin" with respet to mutual !unds re!ers to ))))))))). A. !und ompanies payin" *ro&ers i! the *ro&er reommends the !und to investors %. allowin" ertain lasses o! investors to en"a"e in mar&et timin" C. har"in" loads to new investors in a mutual !und .. diretly mar&etin" !unds over the Internet /9. 5i"her port!olio turnover I. results in "reater ta# lia*ility !or investors II. results in "reater tradin" osts !or the !und8 whih investors have to pay !or III. is a harateristi o! asset alloation !unds A. I only %. II only C. I and II only D. I8 II and III /<. 1ow load mutual !unds have !ront-end loads o! no more than ))))). A. (? B. /? C. 4? .. 4? /@. Most real estate investment trusts E+,I-sF have a de*t ratio o! around ))))))))). A. 10 ? %. /0 ? C. 40 ? D. <0 ? />. Measured *y assets8 a*out ))))) o! !unds are money mar&et !unds. A. 14? B. (4? C. 40? .. 90? 40. Whih o! the !ollowin" is not a type o! real estate investment trust$ I. ,7uity trust II. .e*t trust III. Mort"a"e trust I6. 'nit trust A. I and II only %. II only C. II and I6 only .. I8 II and III
4-< Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 41. )))))))))))))))))))))) are o!ten alled mutual !unds. A. 'nit investment trusts B. Open-end investment ompanies C. Closed-end investment ompanies .. +,I-s 4(. Mutual !unds aount !or rou"hly )))))) perent o! investment ompany assets. A. /0 %. 40 C. <0 D. >0 4/. An o!!iial desription o! a partiular mutual !undCs planned investment poliy an *e !ound in the !undCs ))))))))))))). A. prospetus %. indenture C. investment statement .. 1(*-1 !orms 44. Mutual !unds that hold *oth e7uities and !i#ed-inome seurities in relatively sta*le proportions are alled )))))))))))))))))))). A. inome !unds B. *alaned !unds C. asset alloation !unds .. inde# !unds 44. Mutual !unds that vary the proportions o! !unds invested in partiular mar&et setors aordin" to the !und mana"erCs !oreast o! the per!ormane o! that mar&et setor8 are alled )))))))))))))))))))). A. asset alloation !unds %. *alaned !unds C. inde# !unds .. inome !unds 49. 0peialiHed setor !unds onentrate their investments in ))))))))))))))))). A. *onds o! a partiular maturity %. "eo"raphial se"ments o! the real estate mar&et C. "overnment seurities D. seurities issued *y !irms in a partiular industry
4-@ Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 4<. I! a mutual !und has multiple lass shares8 whih lass typially has a !ront end load$ A. Class A %. Class % C. Class C .. Class . 4@. -he ommission8 or !ront-end load8 paid when you purhase shares in mutual !unds8 may not e#eed )))))))))). A. /? %. 9? C. @.4? .. 10? 4>. Iou are onsiderin" investin" in one o! several mutual !unds. All the !unds under onsideration have various om*inations o! !ront-end and *a&-end loads andBor 1(*-1 !ees. -he lon"er you plan on remainin" in the !und you hoose8 the more li&ely you will pre!er a !und with a )))))))))) rather than a ))))))))))8 everythin" else e7ual. A. 1(*-1 !ee= !ront-end load B. !ront-end load= 1(*-1 !ee C. *a&-end load8 !ront-end load .. 1(*-1 !ee= *a&-end load 40. 'nder 0,C rules8 the mana"ers o! ertain !unds are allowed to dedut har"es !or advertisin"8 *ro&era"e ommissions8 and other sales e#penses8 diretly !rom the !und assets rather than *illin" investors. -hese !ees are &nown as )))))))))))). A. diret operatin" e#penses %. *a&-end loads C. 1(*-1 har"es .. !ront-end loads 41. In (0008 the 0,C instituted new rules that re7uire !unds to dislose ))))). A. 1(*-1 !ees B. the ta# impat o! port!olio turnover C. !ront-end loads .. *a&-end loads 4(. 0,C rule 1(*-1 allows mana"ers o! ertain !unds to dedut )))))))))) e#penses !rom !und assets8 however8 these e#penses may not e#eed )))))))))) o! the !undCs avera"e net assets per year. A. mar&etin"= 1? %. mar&etin"= 4? C. administrative= 0.4? .. administrative= (?
4-> Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 4/. Consider a mutual !und with ;/00 million in assets at the start o! the year8 and 1( million shares outstandin". I! the "ross return on assets is 1@? and the total e#pense ratio is (? o! the year end value8 what is the rate o! return on the !und$ A. 14.94? %. 19.00? C. 1<.(4? .. 1<.40? 44. Consider a no-load mutual !und with ;(00 million in assets and 10 million shares at the start o! the year8 and ;(40 million in assets and 11 million shares at the end o! the year. .urin" the year investors have reeived inome distri*utions o! ;( per share8 and apital "ains distri*utions o! ;0.(4 per share. Assumin" that the !und arries no de*t8 and that the total e#pense ratio is 1?8 what is the rate o! return on the !und$ A. /9.(4? B. (4.>0? C. (/.@4? .. -here is not su!!iient in!ormation to answer this 7uestion 0ine this is a no-load !und8 all har"es are already em*edded in "ross return. -hus8 "ross return and net return are the same. 4-10 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 44. Consider a no-load mutual !und with ;400 million in assets8 40 million in de*t8 and 14 million shares at the start o! the year= and ;400 million in assets8 40 million in de*t8 and 1@ million shares at the end o! the year. .urin" the year investors have reeived inome distri*utions o! ;0.40 per share8 and apital "ains distri*utions o! ;0./0 per share. Assumin" that the !und arries no de*t8 and that the total e#pense ratio is 0.<4?8 what is the rate o! return on the !und$ A. 1(.0>? %. 1(.>>? C. @.(4? .. -here is not su!!iient in!ormation to answer this 7uestion 0ine this is a no-load !und8 all har"es are already em*edded in "ross return. -hus8 "ross return and net return are the same. 49. Mutual !und returns may *e "ranted pass-throu"h status8 i! ))))))))))))))))). A. at least >0 perent o! all inome is distri*uted to shareholders %. at least /0 perent o! !und inome is derived !rom sale o! seurities held !or less than / months C. ertain diversi!iation riteria are met D. All o! these must *e true !or pass-throu"h status to *e "ranted 4<. ABan ))))) is an e#ample o! an e#han"e-traded !und. A. 02.+ or spider %. samurai C. 6an"uard .. open-end !und 4@. I! you plae an order to *uy or sell a share o! a mutual !und durin" the tradin" day the order will *e e#euted at A. the :A6 alulated at the mar&et lose at 4A00 pm :ew Ior& time. %. the real time :A6. C. the :A6 delayed 14 minutes. .. the :A6 alulated at the open o! the ne#t dayCs tradin".
4-11 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 4>. With respet to mutual !unds8 late tradin" re!ers to the pratie o! )))))))). A. tradin" a!ter the lose o! '.0. mar&ets *ut *e!ore overseas mar&ets have losed %. tradin" a!ter the lose o! overseas mar&ets8 *ut *e!ore '.0. mar&ets have losed C. aeptin" *uy or sell orders a!ter the mar&et loses and :A6 has already *een determined !or the day .. payin" apital "ains distri*utions to ertain investors only a!ter payin" privile"ed investors !irst 90. In the 1><0 study8 Mal&iel !ound that mutual !unds that do well in one period8 have an appro#imately )))))))) hane o! doin" well in the su*se7uent ear period. A. //? %. 4(? C. 94? .. @4? 91. In a reent study8 Mal&iel !inds that evidene o! persistene in the per!ormane o! mutual !unds8 )))))))))))))))) in the 1>@0s. A. "rows stron"er %. remains a*out the same C. *eomes sli"htly wea&er D. virtually disappears
9(. -he ratio o! tradin" ativity o! a port!olio to the assets o! the port!olio8 is alled )))))))))))). A. the reinvestment ratio %. the tradin" rate C. the port!olio turnover .. the ta# yield 9/. Whih o! the !ollowin" ,-Fs tra&s the 0G2 400 inde#$ A. Ju*es %. .iamonds C. 6ipers D. 0piders 4-1( Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 94. -he 0tone 5ar*or Fund is a losed-end investment ompany with a port!olio urrently worth ;/00 million. It has lia*ilities o! ;4 million and > million shares outstandin". I! the !und sells !or ;/0 a share8 what is its premium or disount as a perent o! :A6$ A. >.(9? premium %. @.4<? premium C. >.(9? disount D. @.4<? disount :A6 K E;/0080008000 - ;480008000FB>80008000 K ;/(.<@ .isount K ;/(.<@ - ;/0 K ;(.<@ 94. -he di!!erene *etween *alaned !unds and asset alloation !unds is that ))))). A. *alaned !unds invest in *onds while asset alloation !unds do not %. asset alloation !unds invest in *onds while *alaned !unds do not C. *alaned !unds have relatively sta*le proportions o! sto&s and *onds while the proportions may vary dramatially !or asset alloation !unds .. *alaned !unds ma&e no apital "ains distri*utions and asset alloation !unds ma&e *oth dividend and apital "ains distri*utions 99. -he Wildwood Fund sells Class A shares with a !ront-end load o! 4? and Class % 0hares with a 1(*-1 !ees o! 1? annually. I! you plan to sell the !und a!ter 4 years8 are Class A or Class % shares the *etter hoie$ Assume a 10? annual return net o! e#penses. A. Class A B. Class % C. -here is no di!!erene. .. -here is insu!!iient in!ormation "iven.
4-1/ Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies 9<. A mutual !und has total assets outstandin" o! ;9> million. .urin" the year the !und *ou"ht and sold assets e7ual to ;1<.(4 million. -his !undCs turnover rate was ))))). A. (4.00? %. (@.40? C. [email protected]/? .. //.40? ;1<.(4B;9> K (4.00? 9@. Whih type o! investment !und is ommonly &nown to invest in options and !utures in lar"e sale$ A. Commin"led !unds B. 5ed"e !unds C. ,-Fs .. +,I-0 9>. Advanta"es o! ,-Fs over mutual !unds inlude all *ut whih one o! the !ollowin"$ A. ,-Fs trade ontinuously so investors an trade throu"hout the day %. ,-Fs an *e sold short or purhased on mar"in8 unli&e !und shares C. ,-F providers do not have to sell holdin"s to !und redemptions D. ,-F values an diver"e !rom :A6 <0. 5arold has Dust ta&en his ompany pu*li and owns a lar"e 7uantity o! restrited sto&. For purposes o! diversi!iation8 what !und mi"ht he help reate in order to diversi!y his holdin"s$ A. Commin"led !unds %. 5ed"e !unds C. ,-F .. +,I-s <1. Whih o! the !ollowin" !unds is most li&ely to have a de*t ratio o! <0? or hi"her$ A. %ond !und %. Commin"led !und C. Mort"a"e *a&ed seurities D. +,I- <(. A*out ))))))))) o! mutual !und assets are invested in no-load !unds. A. //? %. 40? C. 40? D. 94? 4-14 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies </. From 1><1 to (00< the avera"e return on the Wilshire 4000 inde# was ))))))))) the return o! the avera"e mutual !und. A. idential to B. 1? hi"her than C. 1? lower than .. /? lower than <4. An open-end !und has a :A6 o! ;19.40 per share. -he !und har"es a 9? load. What is the o!!erin" prie$ A. ;14.4< %. ;14.>4 C. ;1<.44 .. ;19.4>
<4. -he o!!er prie o! an open-end !und is ;[email protected] and the !und is sold with a !ront-end load o! 4?$ What is the !undCs :A6$ A. ;1@.<4 B. ;1<.10 C. ;14.40 .. ;19.4< E;[email protected] - 0.04F K ;1<.10 <9. A mutual !und has ;40 million in assets at the *e"innin" o! the year and 1 million shares outstandin" throu"hout the year. -hrou"hout the year assets "row at 1(?. -he !und imposes a 1(*-1 !ee on all shares e7ual to 1?. -he !ee is imposed on year end asset values. I! there are no distri*utions what is the end o! year :A6 !or the !und$ A. ;40.00 B. ;44.44 C. ;49.1( .. ;44.44
4-14 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies <<. -he assets o! a mutual !und are ;(4 million. -he lia*ilities are ;4 million. I! the !und has <008000 shares outstandin" and pays a ;/ dividend8 what is the dividend yield$ A. 4? B. 10? C. 14? .. (0? 2rie per share K E(4 million - 4 millionFB<008000 K /0 per share .ividend yield K /B/0 K 10? <@. Whih o! the !ollowin" !unds are usually most ta# e!!iient$ A. ,7uity !unds %. %ond Funds C. ,-Fs .. 0peialiHed setor !unds <>. Iou invest in a mutual !und that har"es a /? !ront end load8 1? total annual !ees8 and a (? *a& end load8 whih dereases 0.4? per year. 5ow muh will you pay in !ees on a ;108000 investment that does not "row8 i! you ash out a!ter three years o! no "ain$ A. 10/ %. (1> C. 44/ D. 9/4 total !ees K 108000 - E108000 # .><F # E.>>F # E.>>F # E.>>F # E.>>4F K 9/4 @0. Iou invest in a mutual !und that har"es a /? !ront end load8 1? total annual !ees8 and a 0? *a& end load on Class A shares. -he same !und har"es 0? !ront end load8 1? total annual !ees8 and a (? *a& end load on Class % shares. What are the total !ees in year one on a Class A investment o! ;(08000 with no "rowth in value$ A. 94@ B. <>4 C. @@4 .. >0( First year !ees K (08000 - E(08000 # .>< # .>>F K <>4 @1. Iou invest in a mutual !und that har"es a /? !ront end load8 1? total annual !ees8 and a 0? *a& end load on Class A shares. -he same !und har"es 0? !ront end load8 1? total annual !ees8 and a (? *a& end load on Class % shares. What are the total !ees in year one on a Class % investment o! ;(08000 i! you redeem shares with no "rowth in value$ A. 4>9 %. <>4 C. @@4 .. >0( 4-19 Chapter 04 - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies -otal !ees a!ter one year K (08000 - E(08000 # 0.>@ # 0.>>F K 4>9 @(. Iou pay ;(18900 to the 1aramie Fund whih has a :A6 o! ;[email protected] per share at the *e"innin" o! the year. -he !und deduted a !ront-end load o! 4?. -he seurities in the !und inreased in value *y 10? durin" the year. -he !undCs e#pense ratio is 1./? and is deduted !rom year end asset values. What is your rate o! return on the !und i! you sell your shares at the end o! the year$ A. 4./4? B. 4.(/? C. 9.44? .. 4.9/? @/. Whih one o! the !ollowin" statements a*out returns reported *y mutual !unds is not orret$ A. +eported returns are net o! mana"ement e#penses %. +eported returns are net o! 1(*-1 !ees C. +eported returns are net o! *ro&era"e !ees paid on the !undCs tradin" ativity D. +eported returns are net o! load har"es @4. -he top Mornin"star mutual !und per!ormane ratin" is )))))))). A. !ive stars %. !our stars C. three stars .. two stars @4. Iou are onsiderin" investin" in a no load mutual !und with an annual e#pense ratio o! 0.9? and an annual 1(*-1 !ee o! 0.<4?. Iou ould also invest in a *an& C. payin" 9.4? per year. What minimum annual rate o! return must the !und earn to ma&e you *etter o!! in the !und than in the C.$ A. <.10? %. <.44? C. <.(4? D. <.@4? r L 9.4 M 0.09 M 0.0<4 K <.@4?
‘The retention of Gibraltar in 1783 was the most significant in the development of British control in the development of British control of key strategic naval bases in the years 1763-1878’ How far do you agree