1

2011 JC 2 JCT MA 9740

Section A: Pure Mathematics [49 marks]

1 Terry wishes to buy a certain number of guppies, mollies, goldfish and neon tetras for
his new aquarium. Three fish shops offer the following prices per fish:

Fish
shop
Unit price ($) Total amount ($) that
Terry has to pay if he buys
all the fishes from the
same shop
Guppies Mollies Goldfish Neon tetras
A 1.0 1.4 2.5 0.8 15.0
B 1.1 1.6 2.5 0.6 15.9
C 0.9 1.5 2.5 0.7 14.7

Find the number of guppies, mollies, goldfish and neon tetras that Terry wishes to buy.
[4]
Solution:
Let , , a b c and d be the number of guppies, mollies, goldfish and neon tetras that Terry
wishes to buy respectively.

1.4 2.5 0.8 15.0
1.1 1.6 2.5 0.6 15.9
0.9 1.5 2.5 0.7 14.7
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
a b c d
a b c d
a b c d

Using GC,
5
2
72 22

25 25

=

= +

a
b t
c t
d t


Since , , a b c andd
+
Z , 1 t = .

Hence Terry wishes to buy 5 guppies, 3 mollies, 2 goldfish and 1 neon tetra.

2
2 (i) Show that
2
4 5 x x + is always positive for all real values of x. [1]
(ii) Hence find the value of k such that the solution to the inequality
2
2
2 12
1
4 5
x kx
x x
+ +
<
+

is given by 1 <x <7. [3]

Solution:
(i)
2 2
4 5 ( 2) 1 0 x x x + = + > since (x 2)
2
0 for all real values of x.

(ii)
2
2
2 12
1
4 5
x kx
x x
+ +
<
+


2 2
2 12 4 5 x kx x x + + < + since
2
4 5 x x + >0

2
( 4) 7 0 x k x + + + < -------------- (*)

Given that the solution is 1 <x <7, ( 1)( 7) 0 < x x
2
8 7 0 + < x x
Comparing with (*), we have 4 8 + = k
i.e. k = 12

Alternative Method
Given that the solution set is 1 <x <7, x =1 is the solution for
2
( 4) 7 0 x k x + + + = .
i.e.
2
1 ( 4)(1) 7 0 k + + + = k = 12.

3
3 The position vectors of the points A and B are given by
2
2
1
OA
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .
,
and

4
2
OB
| |
|
=
|
|

\ .
,
,
where R , respectively.
a. Show that cos OAB =
2
1
3 5 9 +
. [2]
b. Deduce the least possible value of OAB using a non-graphical method. [2]

Given that =1, find the position vector of the point C which lies on the line passing
through A and B and is such that A and C are equidistant from B. [2]

Solution:
cos OAB =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1 2
1
2 2 1 (2 ) ( 2) (1 2) 3 5 9
OA BA
OA BA
| | | |
| |
| |
+
\ . \ .
= =
+ + + + + +
-
, ,
-
, ,


For 0 180, y =cos is decreasing. Thus OAB is least when
2
1
3 5 9 +
is greatest.
Greatest value of
2
1
3 5 9 +
=
1
9
when =0, least OAB =
1
1
cos 83.6
9

=


(or 1.46 radian)

Given that =1.
Using Ratio Theorem,
( )
/ 2 OB OA OC = +
, , ,

1 2 0
2 2 4 2 6
2 1 5
OC OB OA
| | | | | |
| | |
= = =
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .
, , ,

O
A
B C

4
4 cm 4 cm 4 cm 4cm 4 cm 4 cm
a
a
4











Mandy uses a 30-metre piece of string to form a design on a wall where the curved
parts of the design are the arc lengths of semicircles, as shown in the diagram above.
Given that a is the radius of the smallest semicircle and that she has exactly 30
semicircles in her design, find
(i) the arc length of the biggest semicircle in terms of a, [1]
(ii) the largest integer value of a. [3]

Mandy decides to decorate her design of 30 semicircles by painting the shaded
regions. Taking the integer value of a found in (ii) and the area of the smallest
semicircle to be A
1
, show that the area of the nth semicircle is

2
2 =
n
A n [1]

Hence find the total area of the shaded regions in her design. [3]

Solution:
(i) Radii: a, a +2, a +4, . . . . , a +(n 1)2, . . . , a +29(2)
is an A.P. with common difference =2

Circumference of the 30
th
semicircle = (a +29(2)) = (a +58)
(ii) Total circumference of the 30 semicircles =
( )
30
58
2
a a + + (


=
( ) 30 29 a +
Length of string used = ( ) 30 29 3000 a +
2.83 a the largest integer value of a is 2.

( )
2
2 1 2
2
n
A n

= + (


2
2 n =

Total area of the shaded regions in the design
=( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 4 3 30 29
A A A A A A + + + .

=
( )
15
2 2 1
1
n n
n
A A

=

( ) ( )
15
2 2
1
2 2 2 1
=
(
=

n
n n or
| |
15
1
2 4 1
=
=

n
n
=2(465) using GC or using AP formula

=930 cm
2
or 2920 cm
2
(3 s.f.)

5
5 A function f is defined by
f : x
2
, ,
x a
x x a
x a

<

R where a >2.

Show that f has an inverse function and define f
1
in a similar manner. [6]

On a single diagram, sketch the graphs of f and f
1
, showing clearly the relationship
between them. [3]
Solution:
2 2( )
f ( ) 2
x a x a a a
x
x a x a x a
+
= = = +

, , x x a < R where a > 2










Since any horizontal line y =b, bR, cuts the graph of f at most once,
f is one-one and so the inverse of f exists.

Let 2
a
y
x a
= +

From the graph of f, R

f
= (, 2)
or
2 2
a ay a
x a
y y
| |
= +
|

\ .

f
1
(x) =
2
a
a
x
+

, , 2 x x < R













y
x
O
y =2
x =a
2
a

1
x =2
y =a
y =f(x)
y = f
1
(x)
1
y = x
2
a

y
x
O
y =2
x =a
2
a

1
f ( ) y x =


6
6 (a) It is given that
2
2
1
f ( )
x
x
x

= where and 0 x x R .
(i) Find, by differentiation, the range of values of x for which f(x) increases as x
increases. [3]

(ii) Sketch the graph of y =f(x), giving the equations of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any intersections with the axes. [2]
Solution:
(a)

(i)
2
2
1
f ( )
x
x
x

=

2
1
1
x
= +

, and 0 x x R .


For f(x) to be increasing, f '( ) 0 x >


3
2
i.e. 0
x

>



3
0 x <


0 x <


(ii)
2
2 2
1 1
1
x
y
x x

= = + , and 0 x x R .


Equation of asymptotes: 1 y = , 0 x =

When y =0,
2
1 0 x =

x =1 or 1













y = 1
y =f(x)
0
(1, 0) (1, 0)

7
y
x
O
(1, 3)
2
y =1
y = 1 g(x)
(2, 1)
6(b) The diagram below shows the graph of y =g(x) which has a maximum point at
(1, 4), a horizontal asymptote y =0, a y-intercept at (0, 3) and an x-intercept at
(2, 0).









Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(i) y = 3g(2x), [2]
(ii) y =1 g(x), [2]
showing clearly the turning points, asymptotes and axial-intercepts, if any.

Solution:

(b) (i)











(ii)
y
x
O
(
1
2
, 12)
9
1
y =3g(2x)
y
x
O
(1, 4)
3
2
y =g(x)

8
7 A sequence of real numbers x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, , x
n
, satisfies the recurrence relation
( )
( )
1
2
3
1
2 2
n n n
x x x
+
= + for 1 n .
(i) The sequence {x
n
} converges to a number l as n tends to infinity. Without the use
of a graphing calculator, find the value of l. [3]
(ii) Describe the behaviour of the sequence when
1
5 x = . [1]
(iii) By sketching the graph of
2
2 2 y x x = + and another suitable graph on a single
diagram, prove that
1 n n
x x
+
< if
n
x l > . [4]
(iv) Explain if it is sufficient to conclude from part (iii) only that the sequence
converges to l when
1
2 x = . [1]
Solution:
( )
( )
1
2
3
1
2 2
n n n
x x x
+
= + for 1 n .
(i) As n ,
n
x l and
1 n
x l
+


( )
1
2
3
2 +2 l l l =

3 2
2 2 l l l = +

3 2
2 2 0 l l l + =

2
( 1)( 2) 0 l l + =
l =1 is the only real root.

(ii) From GC, the sequence decreases and converges to 1.

(iii) Consider the graph of
2
2 2 y x x = + and
3
y x =












When x
n
>l,
2 3
2 2
n n n
x x x + < (from the graph)

( )
1
2
3
2 2
n n n
x x x + <

1 n n
x x
+
<

(iv) Since
1
2 x = >1 =l , by part (iii), x
2
<x
1
.
Observe that when x >1,
2
2 2 1 x x + > .
Thus since x
n
>1,
1 n
x
+
=
( )
1
2
3
2 2
n n
x x + >1 =l for n =1, 2,
By part (iii), we have
1 2 3
... x x x l > > > > .
Hence, it is sufficient to conclude that the sequence converges to l when
1
2 x = .
y = x
3
y = x
2
2x+2
l

y = x
3
x
n

9
Section B: Statistics [36 marks]

8 The owner of a car park suspects that his employee is cheating on him by under-
reporting the duration the cars are parked in the lots. From his employees reports, a
mean of 2.7 hours was obtained. A random sample of 80 cars was taken by the owner
and it was found that ( 2) 90 x =

and
2
( 2) 470 x =

where x hours is the

duration each car was parked in a lot.

The population mean and variance of X are denoted by and
2
respectively.
(i) Show that, correct to one decimal place, an unbiased estimate of
2
is 4.7. [1]

(ii) Given that an appropriate hypothesis test carried out provided sufficient evidence
that the employee was under-reporting the duration the cars were parked in the lot,
find the range of values of the significance level of this test. [4]

(iii) State, giving a reason, whether it is necessary for the duration time to have a
normal distribution for the test to be valid. [1]
Solution:
(i) Let Y =X 2
80 n = ,
90
1.125 3.125
80
y x = = =

( )
2
2
2 2 2
1 1 90
470 4.6677 4.7
1 79 80
x y
y
s s y
n n
(
(
(
= = = =
(
(

(ii) H
0
: 2.7 =
H
1
: 2.7 >
Level of significance: %

Since 80 n = is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
Test Statistic: ~ (0,1)
X
N
s
n

approximately

Assuming H
0
is true, from the GC,
Z
cal
= 1.7595
p-value =0.0392486

To reject H
o
, % >3.92% (3 sf)


(iii) It is not necessary for the duration time to have a normal distribution as sample size 80
is large, by Centre Limit Theorem, follows a normal distribution approximately.


10
9 Eggs produced at a farm are packed in boxes of 10. Assume that, for any egg, the
probability that it is broken when it reaches the retail outlet is 0.02, independent of all
other eggs. A box is said to be bad if it contains at least 2 broken eggs. Find the
probability that a randomly selected box is bad. [2]

60 boxes of eggs can be packed into a carton. Find the probability that there are less
than 4 bad boxes in a randomly selected carton when it reaches the retail outlet. [2]

Using a suitable approximation, find the probability that the mean number of broken
eggs in a box in a randomly chosen carton is less than 0.18. [3]

It is known that, in fact, breakages are more likely to occur after the eggs have been
packed into boxes, and while they are being transported to the retail outlet. Explain why
this fact is likely to make the calculations invalid. [1]
Solution:
Let X be the number of broken eggs (out of 10 eggs) in a box.
X ~B(10, 0.02)
P(X 2) = 1 P(X 1) =0.0162

Let Y be the number of boxes (out of 60) that are bad.
Y ~B(60, 0.01617764)
P(Y <4) =P(Y 3) =0.984

X ~B(10, 0.02) E(X) =10 0.02 =0.2, Var(X) =10 0.02 0.98 =0.196

Since n =60 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
1 2 3 60
.... 0.196
N 0.2,
60 60
X X X X
X
+ + + +
| |
=
|
\ .
~ approximately.
P( X <0.18) =0.363


In fact, the breakages of the eggs are not independent of each other.
If one egg in a box is broken due to mishandling, it is more likely that the other eggs will
also be broken.



11
10 A company uses an aptitude test to recruit its job applicants for training. Applicants
who complete the test in 30 minutes or less are immediately recruited. Those who take
between 30 to 35 minutes are required to take a second test. All other applicants are
rejected. Past records shows that on average, 1 in 5 applicants were recruited
immediately and 2 in 5 applicants were rejected without taking the second test.
Assuming that the time taken to complete the first test is normally distributed, find its
mean and standard deviation. [4]

The time taken to complete the second test is normally distributed with mean 17
minutes and standard deviation 2 minutes. An applicant, who is required to take a
second test, is recruited if the time taken to complete the second test is less than 15
minutes. Assuming that the time taken for the second test is independent of that for the
first test, find the probability that an applicant who is required to take the second test
takes less than half of the time taken for the first test. [3]

If there are 50 applicants on a particular recruitment drive, find the expected number of
applicants who will be recruited by the company. [3]
Solution:
Let X be the time taken by a job applicant to complete the first test.
( )
2
~ , X N
1
( 30)
5
P X =
30
( ) 0.2 P Z

=
30
0.84162 30 0.84162

= = + --------------- (1)
2
( 35)
5
P X =
35
0.6 P Z

| |
< =
|
\ .

35
0.25335 35 0.25335

= = --------------- (2)

Solving (1) and (2), 33.84312 33.8 =
4.56634 4.57 =
Let Y be the time taken by a job applicant to complete the second test.
( )
2
~ 17,2 Y N
P(Y <
1
2
X)=P(Y
1
2
X <0)
1 1
E( ) E( ) E( )
2 2
Y X Y X = ;
2
1 1
Var( ) Var( ) Var( )
2 2
Y X Y X
| |
= +
|
\ .

Y
1
2
X ~N(0.07844, 9.2129)
P(Y <
1
2
X) ==0.490
P(an applicant is recruited) =P(X 30) + P(30 <X <35) P(Y <15)
=
1
5
+
1 2
1
5 5
| |

|
\ .
0.1586553 =0.263452
The expected number of applicants who will be recruited =0.263452 50 =13.2 (3 s.f.)


12
11 Customers arrive independently at a mobile phone retail shop at a rate of per minute.
Given that the probability that there are no customers arriving in a one-minute interval
is 0.135, show that 2 = .0, correct to 1 decimal place. [1]
In the shop, the probability that a randomly chosen customer subscribes to a mobile
plan is 0.7.
(i) Find the probability that in a one-minute interval, no customer subscribes to any
mobile plan. [3]
(ii) 100 customers are present at the shop. Using a suitable approximation, find the
probability that less than 75 customers subscribe to a mobile plan. [4]
(iii) One free gift is given to each customer who arrives at the shop within the first
hour each day. Find the least number of free gifts needed per day such that the
probability that there will be enough free gifts is more than 0.95. [4]
Solution:
Let X denote the number of customers arriving at the shop in a 1-minute interval.
Po( ) X ~
P( 0) 0.135 0.135
ln0.135 2.0
X e

= = =
= =


(i) Let S be the number of customers subscribe a plan in a 1-minute interval.
S ~Po( 0.7 ), i.e. S ~Po(1.4017).
P(no mobile plan subscribed in a 1-min interval)
P( 0) S = =

1.4017
0.246 (3 s.f) e

= =
(OR)
P(no mobile plan subscribed in a 1-min interval)

( ) ( )
2 3
1 2 3
2 3
1 2 3
0.3
P( 0) P( 1) 0.3 P( 2) (0.3) P( 3) (0.3) ...
0.3 0.3 0.3 ...
1! 2! 3!
(0.3 ) (0.3 ) (0.3 )
1 ...
1! 2! 3!
0.246 (3 s.f)
X X X X
e e e
e
e
e e

= = + = + = + = +

= + + + +
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
= =


(ii) Let Y be the number of customers (out of 100) who subscribe to a mobile plan.
B(100,0.7) Y ~
Since 100 n = is large and 70 5 and (1 ) 30 5 np n p = > = >
(70,21) Y N ~ approximately
Hence, ( 75) ( 74.5) P Y P Y < < (applying continuity correction)
= 0.837

(iii) Let W be the number of customers who arrives in the first hour in a day.
W ~P
o
(ln0.13560) =P
o
(120.1488)
Let the number of free gifts needed be n.
P(W n ) >0.95

Using GC, P(W 137) =0.94084 <0.95
P(W 138) =0.95042 >0.95
least n is 138
Use
2 3
1 ..... .....
2! 3! !
r
x
x x x
e x
r
= + + + + + +