Chapter 9 Strings and Text I/O

1.
s1 == s2 => true
s2 == s3 => false
s1.equals(s2) => true
s2.equals(s3) => true
s1.compareTo(s2) => 0
s2.compareTo(s3) => 0
s1 == s4 => true
s1.charAt(0) => W
s1.inde!f("#") => $1
s1.inde!f(%to%) => &
s1.last'nde!f("a") => 14
s1.last'nde!f(%o%( 1)) => *
s1.len+th() => 1,
s1.su-strin+()) => me to .a/a
s1.su-strin+()( 11) => me to
s1.startsWith(%Wel%) => true
s1.endsWith(%.a/a%) => true
s1.to0o1er2ase() => 1elcome to #a/a
s1.to3pper2ase()=> W402!54 T! .A6A
% Welcome %.trim() => Welcome
s1.replace("o"( "T") => WelcTme tT .a/a
s1.replaceAll(%o%( %T%) => WelcTme tT .a/a
s1.replace7irst(%o%( %T%) => WelcTme tT .a/a
s1.to2harArra8() returns an arra8 of characters consistin+ of W( e( l( c( o( m( e( ( t( o( ( .( a( /( a
(9ote that none of the operation causes the contents of a strin+ to chan+e)
2. String s = new String("new string");
Answer: Correct
String s3 = s1 + s2;
Answer: Correct
String s3 = s1 - s2;
Answer: Incorrect
s1 == s2
Answer: Correct
s1 >= s2
Answer: Incorrect
s1.compareTo(s2);
Answer: Correct
int i = s1.length();
Answer: Correct
char c = s1(0);
Answer: Incorrect
char c = s1.chart(s1.length());
Answer: Incorrect ! it"s o#t o$ %o#n&s' e(en i$ the prece&ing pro%lem is $i)e&.
3. The o#tp#t is
Welcome to .a/a
Welca-cme ta-c .a/a
*int! +o metho& in the String class can change the content o$ the string. String is
an imm#ta%le class.
,.
2hec: 1hether s1 is equal to s2 and assi+n the result
to a ;oolean /aria-le is4qual.
-oolean is4qual = s1.equals(s2)<
2hec: 1hether s1 is equal to s2 i+norin+ case and
assi+n the result to a ;oolean /aria-le is4qual.
-oolean is4qual = s1.equals'+nore2ase(s2)<
2ompare s1 1ith s2 and assi+n the result to an int
/aria-le .
int = s1.compareTo(s2)<
2ompare s1 1ith s2 i+norin+ case and assi+n the result
to an int /aria-le .
int = s1.compareTo'+nore2ase(s2)<
2hec: 1hether s1 has prefi %AAA% and assi+n the
result to a ;oolean /aria-le -.
-oolean - = s1.startsWith(%AAA%)<
2hec: 1hether s1 has suffi %AAA% and assi+n the
result to a ;oolean /aria-le -.
-oolean - = s1.endsWith(%AAA%)<
Assi+n the len+th of s1 to an int /aria-le .
int = s1.len+th()<
Assi+n the first character of s1 to a char /aria-le .
char = s1.charAt(0)<
2reate a ne1 strin+ s3 that com-ines s1 1ith s2.
=trin+ s3 = s1 > s2<
2reate a su-strin+ of s1 startin+ from inde 1.
=trin+ s3 = s1.su-strin+(1)<
2reate a su-strin+ of s1 from inde 1 to inde 4.
=trin+ s3 = s1.su-strin+(1( ))<
2reate a ne1 strin+ s3 that con/erts s1 to lo1ercase.
=trin+ s3 = s1.lo1ercase()<
2reate a ne1 strin+ s3 that con/erts s1 to uppercase.
=trin+ s3 = s1.uppercase()<
2reate a ne1 strin+ s3 that trims -lan: spaces on -oth
ends of s1.
=trin+ s3 = s1.trim()<
?eplace all occurrence of character e 1ith 4 in s1 and
assi+n the ne1 strin+ to s3.
=trin+ s3 = s1.replaceAll(@eA( @4A)<
=plit %Welcome to .a/a and BT50% into an arra8 to:ens
usin+ delimited -8 a space.
String[] tokens = "Welcome to Java and HTML".split( );
Assi+n the inde of the first occurrence of character e
in s1 to an int /aria-le .
int x = s1.indexOf(e);
Assi+n the inde of the last occurrence of strin+ a-c
in s1 to an int /aria-le .
int x = s1.lastIndexOf(abc);
-. +o.
.. 0.
/. 0se the o(erloa&e& static (al#e1$ metho& in the String class.
2. The te)t is &eclare& in 3ine 2 as a &ata $iel&' %#t re&eclare& in 3ine - as a local
(aria%le. The local (aria%le is assigne& 4ith the string passe& to the constr#ctor'
%#t the &ata $iel& is still n#ll. In 3ine 10' test.te)t is n#ll' 4hich ca#ses
+#ll5ointer6)ception 4hen in(o7ing the to3o4erCase() metho&.
8. The constr#ctor is &eclare& incorrectl9. It sho#l& not ha(e (oi&.
10. lo4ercase letter is %et4een :a; an& :<;. =o# can #se the static
is3o4erCase(char) metho& in the Character class to test i$ a character is in
lo4ercase. n #ppercase letter is %et4een :; an& :>;. =o# can #se the static
is0pperCase(char) metho& in the Character class to test i$ a character is in
#ppercase.
11. n alphan#meric character is %et4een :0; an& :8;' or :; an& :>;' or :a; an& :<;.
=o# can #se the static is3etter1r?igit(char ch) metho& in the Character class to
test i$ a character is a &igit or a letter.
12. The String@#il&er class' intro&#ce& in A?B 1.-' is similar to String@#$$er e)cept
that the #p&ate metho&s in String@#$$er are s9nchroni<e&.
13. 0se the String@#il&er;s constr#ctor to create a string %#$$er $or a string' an& #se
the toString metho& in String@#il&er class to ret#rn a string $rom a String@#il&er.
1,. String@#il&er s% = ne4 String@#il&er(s);
s%.re(erse();
s = s%.toString();
1-. String@#il&er s% = ne4 String@#il&er(s);
s%.&elete(,' 10);
s = s%.toString();
1.. @oth string an& string %#$$er #se arra9s to hol& characters. The arra9 in a string is
$i)e& once a string is create&. The arra9 in a string %#$$er ma9 change i$ the %#$$er
capacit9 is change&. To accommo&ate the change' a ne4 arra9 is create&.
1/.
(1) Aa(a is $#n
(2) Aa(a*TC3
(3) Aais $#n(a
(,) A*TC3a(a
(-) (
(.) ,
(/) Aa(
(2) Aa
(8) a(aA
(10) AComp#tera
(11) a(
(12) (a
12.
The o#tp#t is
Aa(a
Aa(a an& *TC3
+1T6!
Insi&e the metho&' the statement s = s + D an& *TC3D creates a ne4 String o%Eect
s' 4hich is &i$$erent $rom the original String o%Eect passe& to the change(s' %#$$er)
metho&. The original String o%Eect has not %een change&. There$ore' the printo#t
$rom the original string is Aa(a.
Insi&e the metho&' the content o$ the String@#il&er o%Eect is change& to Aa(a an&
*TC3. There$ore' the printo#t $rom %#$$er is Aa(a an& *TC3.
18.
pu-lic static /oid main(=trin+CD ar+s)
can -e replaced -8
pu-lic static /oid main(=trin+ ar+sCD)
pu-lic static /oid main(=trin+CD )
pu-lic static /oid main(=trin+ CD)
-ut not
static /oid main(=trin+ CD)
%eca#se it is not p#%lic.
20.
(1)
+#m%er o$ strings is ,
I
ha(e
a
&ream
(2)
+#m%er o$ strings is 1
1 2 3
(3)
+#m%er o$ strings is 0
(,)
+#m%er o$ strings is 1
F
(-)
+#m%er o$ strings is (the n#m%er o$ $iles an& &irector9 $rom 4here the comman& is
e)ec#te&)
?ispla9s all $iles an& &irector9 names in the &irector9 4here the comman& is
e)ec#te&.
21. The G is a special character. It sho#l& %e 4ritten as GG in Aa(a #sing the 6scape
seH#ence.
22. 0se e)ists() in the Iile class to chec7 4hether a $ile e)ists. 0se &elete() in the Iile
class to &elete this $ile. 0se renameTo(Iile) to rename the name $or this $ile. =o#
cannot $in& the $ile si<e #sing the Iile class.
23. +o. The Iile class can %e #se& to o%tain $ile properties an& manip#late $iles' %#t
cannot per$orm IJ1.
2,. To create a 5rintKriter $or a $ile' #se ne4 5rintKriter($ilename). This statement ma9
thro4 an e)ception. Aa(a $orces 9o# to 4rite the co&e to &eal 4ith e)ceptions. 1ne
4a9 to &eal 4ith it is to &eclare thro4s 6)ception in the metho& &eclaration. I$ the
close() metho& is not in(o7e&' the &ata ma9 not %e sa(e& properl9.
2-. The contents o$ the $ile temp.t)t is!
amount is 32.320000 3.232000e>01
amount is 32.3200 3.2320e>01
false
.a/a
2.. To create a Scanner $or a $ile' #se ne4 Scanner(ne4 Iile($ilename)). This statement
ma9 thro4 an e)ception. Aa(a $orces 9o# to 4rite the co&e to &eal 4ith e)ceptions.
1ne 4a9 to &eal 4ith it is to &eclare thro4s 6)ception in the metho& &eclaration.
I$ the close() metho& is not in(o7e&' the pro%lem 4ill r#n $ine. @#t it is a goo&
practice to close the $ile to release the reso#rce on the $ile.
2/. I$ 9o# attempt to create a Scanner $or a none)istent $ile' an e)ception 4ill occ#r. I$
9o# attempt to create a Iormatter $or an e)isting $ile' the contents o$ the e)isting
$ile 4ill %e gone.
2&. 9o. The line separator on Windo1s is ErEn.
28. int6alue contains 4). dou-le6alue contains )F.&( and
line contains " "( "F "( "& "( "*".
30. int6alue contains 4). dou-le6alue contains )F.&( and
line is empt8.