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Complex Potential

1. The document discusses fluid dynamics problems involving complex potentials and line sources/vortices. It provides the complex potentials and equations for the streamlines and pressure distributions for various 2D steady irrotational flows. 2. Problems are presented involving line doublets near planes, flows with given complex potentials, and adding line vortices or circular boundaries to existing flows. The motion of free vortices and forces on cylinders are calculated. 3. Key results include expressions for fluid velocity and pressure in terms of the strengths and positions of sources and vortices, as well as the complex potentials and streamline equations for combined flows involving multiple elements.

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Ashvin Grace
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342 views2 pages

Complex Potential

1. The document discusses fluid dynamics problems involving complex potentials and line sources/vortices. It provides the complex potentials and equations for the streamlines and pressure distributions for various 2D steady irrotational flows. 2. Problems are presented involving line doublets near planes, flows with given complex potentials, and adding line vortices or circular boundaries to existing flows. The motion of free vortices and forces on cylinders are calculated. 3. Key results include expressions for fluid velocity and pressure in terms of the strengths and positions of sources and vortices, as well as the complex potentials and streamline equations for combined flows involving multiple elements.

Uploaded by

Ashvin Grace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID DYNAMICS

Sheet 4

1. Find the complex potential for the irrotational 2-D steady flow caused by two line
sources of strength m at 1 = z . Hence show that the speed U of the flow at
location

=
i
re z is given by
1 2 cos 2
4
2 4
2 2
2
+
=
r r
r m
U .
Given that the pressure at infinity is

P and the density is , show that the


pressure distribution on the y-axis is given by
2 2
2 2
) 1 (
2
+

=

y
y m
P p .
Find the location of any stagnation points of the flow, and show that the
streamlines satisfy ) 1 (
2 2
= y x c xy .

2. A line doublet whose axis lies along Ox is placed at the point ) 0 , (a in front of the
infinite plane x = 0. Prove that the equations of the streamlines are
0 4 ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2
= + + kxy y x a y x , where k is any constant.

3. Give a hydrodynamical interpretation to the flow with complex potential
1
1
log ) 1 ( ) (
+

=
z
z
i z w .
Find the circulation of the velocity vector along the circle of unit radius and
centered at 1 = z . [ = 2 ]

4. Two line vortices of strength k and k are located at a z = and
a z = respectively. Show that when a stream with velocity j

) 4 /( a k is added,
the vortices are stationary and a steady flow results.

Show that the stream function is given by

+
+ +
+

=
a
x
y a x
y a x k
2 2
2 2
) (
) (
log
4
.
Deduce that 0 = x is a streamline.

5. A vortex of strength 2 is located at ) , 0 ( a , and a second vortex of strength is
located at ) , 0 ( b . Write down the complex potential of this flow, and calculate the
fluid velocity at the point ) 0 , (b .
A solid wall is now placed at 0 = y . Determine the complex potential of the
new flow, and find the fluid velocity at ) 0 , (b .
Calculate the speed at which each of the given vortices moves.

6. Inviscid incompressible fluid occupying the half-space 0 > y , bounded by a rigid
wall at 0 = y , is subject to a 2-D stagnation point flow, with velocity given by
) , ( y x = u .
(i) Find the complex potential representing this flow. Find and sketch the
streamlines, and verify that 0 = y is a streamline.
(ii) If a vortex of strength is inserted into the flow at a point
0
z z = (with Im
0
0
> z ), show that the resulting complex potential is
) log(
2
) log(
2
) (
0 0
2
2
1
z z
i
z z
i
z z w

= .
(iii) If the vortex is free to move, find its equation of motion, and show that it
follows a path on which
=

+ y xy log
4
constant.

7. A vortex of strength k is situated at the point a z 2 = . If a circular cylinder a z =
is introduced into the flow, find the complex potential of the resulting flow, and
describe the image system.
Calculate theresultant thrust on the cylinder. [ ) 12 /(
2
a k ]

8. An irrotational, two-dimensional flow has stream function y x x ) (
0
= , where
and
0
x are constants. Show that the complex potential is given by
2
0 2
1
) ( ) ( x z z f = .
A circular cylinder of radius a is now introduced into the flow, its centre being at the
origin. Find the force exerted on the cylinder by the new flow.
[ 0 , 2
2
0
2
a x ]

9. Find the complex potential for the flow with velocity asymptotic to ) 0 , (U as
z past a right circular cylinder of radius a with clockwise circulation .
Determine the net force on the cylinder, and explain the importance of this result for the
lift of an airfoil. Show that this force has no moment about the origin.
( ) ] , 0 [ ; log
2
/
2

+ + = U z
i
z a z U w


22.10.13

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