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    Noopolitik PDF

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    Antonio Alcolea
    Noopolitik refers to the geopolitics of knowledge and network-based politics. It was coined by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in 1999 to describe an informational strategy using mass media to shape public opinion and create positive or negative images of states. Noopolitik differs from realpolitik in relying on knowledge and soft power rather than hard power, but also embodies a networked form of organization. It has been discussed as a means of social control and in connection with counterinsurgency efforts. Noopolitik also describes using innovation and knowledge to leverage political influence internationally, such as China's focus on developing its knowledge economy and independent innovation capabilities.

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    Noopolitik PDF

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    Antonio Alcolea
    225 views4 pages
    Noopolitik refers to the geopolitics of knowledge and network-based politics. It was coined by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in 1999 to describe an informational strategy using mass media to shape public opinion and create positive or negative images of states. Noopolitik differs from realpolitik in relying on knowledge and soft power rather than hard power, but also embodies a networked form of organization. It has been discussed as a means of social control and in connection with counterinsurgency efforts. Noopolitik also describes using innovation and knowledge to leverage political influence internationally, such as China's focus on developing its knowledge economy and independent innovation capabilities.

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    Noopolitik refers to the geopolitics of knowledge and network-based politics. It was coined by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in 1999 to describe an informational strategy using mass media to shape public opinion and create positive or negative images of states. Noopolitik differs from realpolitik in relying on knowledge and soft power rather than hard power, but also embodies a networked form of organization. It has been discussed as a means of social control and in connection with counterinsurgency efforts. Noopolitik also describes using innovation and knowledge to leverage political influence internationally, such as China's focus on developing its knowledge economy and independent innovation capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    225 views4 pages

    Noopolitik PDF

    Uploaded by

    Antonio Alcolea
    Noopolitik refers to the geopolitics of knowledge and network-based politics. It was coined by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in 1999 to describe an informational strategy using mass media to shape public opinion and create positive or negative images of states. Noopolitik differs from realpolitik in relying on knowledge and soft power rather than hard power, but also embodies a networked form of organization. It has been discussed as a means of social control and in connection with counterinsurgency efforts. Noopolitik also describes using innovation and knowledge to leverage political influence internationally, such as China's focus on developing its knowledge economy and independent innovation capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Noopolitik

    1
    Noopolitik
    In political science Noopolitik from the Greek Noos (knowledge) and German Politik (politics) is the network-based
    geopolitics of knowledge. The term was invented by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in a seminal
    RAND corporation study of 1999 and often appears in connection with that of smart power.
    [1][2]
    Difference with Realpolitik
    Noopolitics is an informational strategy of manipulating international processes through the forming in general
    public by means of mass media of positive or negative attitude to external or internal policy of a state of block of
    states to create a positive or negative image of ideas and promulgated moral values. (Baichik A.V., Nikonov S.B.
    Noopolitik as global information strategy // Vestnik St.Petersburg University, Ser. 9. 2012. Issue. I. p.207-213
    Noopolitik differs from realpolitik. Although realpolitik is commonly equated with hard power, and seemingly
    noopolitik with soft power, both are broader in their embodiment of a form of organization. Specifically, realpolitik
    is not limited to hard power and coercion, but embodies a hierarchical form of organization. Likewise, noopolitik is
    not limited to reliance on knowledge and soft power, but embodies a networked form of organization.
    Versus Foucault's Biopolitics
    Tiziana Terranova (2007) describes the use of the term 'noopolitics' by Maurizio Lazzarato (2004). "'Noopolitics'
    supplements the biopolitics of the species described by Foucault" (Terranova 2007, 139). "Against the militarization
    of communication accomplished by new techniques of power, it is possible to think about the constitution of such
    publics as counter-weapons, which work by expressing, inventing and creating possible worlds where the moment of
    resistance (the 'no' by which one refuses to watch, listen or believe) is the starting point for an affirmative activity"
    (Terranova 2007, 140). Noyer & Juanals (2008) have also discussed Noopolitik as a means of social control.
    [3]
    especially in connection with RAND's Byting back program which was published as research into counter
    insurgency.
    [4]
    In the Knowledge Economy and the BRICS
    While the term initially appeared in association with the concept of the US Revolution in Military Affairs,
    Noopolitik has also come to describe an interest in the Knowledge Economy and in particular innovation and R&D
    to leverage growth and political reach in international relations. Thus Noopolitik may be defined as the use of
    innovation and knowledge to leverage political intercourses by other means at the international level. Such
    "knowledge race" may be either a means of asserting political independence or of generating a sudden gap in the
    geopolitical balance of power. The attitude of the People's Republic of China and the ANZUS in the Pacific Ocean
    has been described as such by Idriss J. Aberkane (2011).

    Therefore, comparable to the Heartland, the Heartocean inevitably disputed by powers of which none may prevail alone in the future without
    a decisive innovation will become the scene of a commensurate Great Game with the two same grand stakes. This will be the fate (or doom) of
    multilateralism on the one side and the global knowledge race on the other. (...). As stated by Seth Cropsey (2010) commenting on Chinas
    noopolitik move of deploying new anti-ship missiles
    [5]
    in the ocean keeping the Pacific pacific.
    [6]
    The two issues are well summarized.
    [7]

    Noopolitik
    2
    for the People's Republic of China
    Professor Li Xiguang of Tsinghua University described the stakes of Smart power for the People's Republic of China
    in a 2010 article on Noopolitik in the Global Times

    Soft power is the power of making people love you. Hard power is the ability to making people fear you. Over the last 500 years, all the world
    powers gained their hegemony through hard power, but the US has gained its hegemony through combining hard power and soft power, both
    striking at and assimilating its opponents. The US has built its soft power by making its values and political system, such as the US
    interpretation and definition of democracy, freedom and human rights, into supposedly universal values.
    [8]

    Then Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi with


    Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during a trip to
    China in 2009. The encounter was concomitant
    with the publication of a report on "Smart Power
    in U.S.-China Relations" by William Sebastian
    Cohen the Center for Strategic and International
    Studies
    [9]
    Aberkane analyzes Noopolitik as a defining stance of the People's
    Republic of China's economic policy
    [10]
    in which he concludes
    "Maintaining Leap and Bound creativity could be an efficient way for
    China to neutralize popular frustration. What must be acknowledged is
    that the PRC has moved from a growth panacea policy, to a policy of
    knowledge panacea. This best sums up its Noopolitik."

    Emphasizing Chinas deeply-rooted desire for technological independence, Segal


    [11]
    refers to the PRCs efforts as an Innovation Wall,
    which is the willingness to innovate as independently as possible from the rest of the world to simply and systematically leap ahead of any
    other country. Needless to say, the scope of the rising fog of war in world economic and R&D competition is particularly daunting for the
    Euro-Atlantic community. The Chinese phrase for national innovation zizhu chuangxin was notably coined in a 2006 state report titled
    Guidelines on National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development. If China decides to foster an
    innovation of its own, and the ideas were published in Mandarin language journals it would provide a barrier against other linguistic
    communities, and a thicker fog of war might rise in knowledge-based economic warfare.
    Sources
    Nikonov S.B. Noopolitical Aspect of international Journalism // Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 17(1):
    21-25.2013
    Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a global information strategy LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co.
    KG Heinrich-Bcking-Str. 6-8 66121, Saarbrcken, Germany.
    Nikonov S.B. Global information space as an environment of noopolitics / / The world and politics. , 2012.
    Number 09 (72). URL: http:/ / mir-politika. ru/ 1608-globalnoe-info. . . opolitiki. html.
    Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a component part of a strategy of state conflict / / European Journal of Social
    Sciences. , 2012. Number 2 (18). S. 467 - 472. URL: http:/ / elibrary. ru/ item. asp?id=17696491
    Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a tool to promote the economic interests of State / / European Journal of Social
    Sciences. , 2012. Number 12 (15). S. 482 - 487. URL: http:/ / mir-politika. ru/ 106-noopolitika-kak. . . -gosudastv.
    html
    Nikonov S.B. TV reports Euronews as part of noopolitics / / Scientific and practical journal "Modern Science:
    Current Issues of theory and practice." Series "Humanities"., 2011. Number 1. pp.33 37. URL: http:/ / www.
    vipstd. ru/ nauteh/ index. php/ --gn01-11/ 205-a
    Noopolitik
    3
    Baichik A.V.., Nikonov S.B.. Noopolitik as global information strategy // Vestnik St.Petersburg University, Ser.
    9. 2012. Issue. I. p.207-213
    John Arquilla & David Ronfeldt: "The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information Strategy"
    [12]
    ,
    Rand 1999
    Terranova, Tiziana . Futurepublic: On Information Warfare, Bio-racism and Hegemony as Noopolitics. Theory,
    Culture & Society 24.3 (2007): 125-145.
    Lazzarato, Maurizio (2004) La politica dellevento. Cosenza: Rubbettino.
    [1] Wilson, Ernest J. III Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science March
    2008 vol. 616 no. 1 110-124
    [2] Nye, Joseph S. The Future of Power Public Affairs 2011
    [3] La stratgie amricaine du contrle continu De la Noopolitik (1999) Byting Back (2007) : une cration de concepts et de dispositifs
    de contrle des populations Jean-Max Noyer, Brigitte Juanals (03/01/2008) HAL (http:/ / archivesic. ccsd. cnrs. fr/ docs/ 00/ 29/ 22/ 07/ PDF/
    Noopolitik_Byting_Back5. pdf)
    [4] Martin C. Libicki, David C. Gompert, David R. Frelinger, Raymond Smith Byting Back -- Regaining Information Superiority Against
    21st-Century Insurgents RAND Counterinsurgency Study -- Volume 1 2007
    [5] Fox News.com Aug. 6th 2010 Chinese 'Carrier-Killer' Missile Could Reshape Sea Combat [link | http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ scitech/ 2010/
    08/ 06/ chinese-carrier-killer-missile-game-changer-expert-says/ ]
    [6] [6] Seth Cropsey Keeping the Pacific pacific. The looming U.S.-Chinese Naval rivalry. Foreign Affairs Sept. 27 2010.
    [7] Aberkane, I. J. Brzezinski on a US Berezina: anticipating a new, New World Order (http:/ / www. e-ir. info/ ?p=7854) e-International
    Relations Mar 31st 2011
    [8] Li Xinguang Soft power's reach depends on friendly Internet The Global Times Nov 2nd 2010
    [9] William S. Cohen Smart Power in U.S.-China Relations CSIS March 4th 2009 (http:/ / csis. org/ publication/ smart-power-us-china-relations)
    [10] Aberkane, Idriss J. An Optimistic Memo on the Chinese Noopolitik: 2001-2011 (http:/ / www. e-ir. info/ ?p=9445) e-International Relations
    jun. 14 2011
    [11] Segal, A. (2010) Chinas Innovation Wall : Beijings Push for Homegrown technology. Foreign Affairs Sept 28 2010.
    [12] http:/ / www.questia. com/ PM. qst?a=o& d=103995568
    Additional Resources
    Mohammad Ganjidoost: " (http:/ / uscpublicdiplomacy. org/ index. php/ newswire/ cpdblog_detail/
    060724_soft_power_noopolitik_approach_president_ahmadinejads_letter_bu/ )," USC Center on Public
    Diplomacy, July 24, 2006.
    David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla: " The promise of Nopolitik (http:/ / www. firstmonday. org/ htbin/ cgiwrap/
    bin/ ojs/ index. php/ fm/ article/ view/ 1971)," First Monday, August, 2007
    Article Sources and Contributors
    4
    Article Sources and Contributors
    Noopolitik Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=597660883 Contributors: AvicAWB, Bobrayner, Brichard37, D6, Dewritech, Easyas12c, Gdvorsky, Guardead, Interiot,
    Jean.julius, Kai-Hendrik, Knepflerle, Mauro Bieg, Omnipaedista, Revolute, SchreiberBike, Shameran81, Stequoianie, Thegreatmuka, TreasuryTag, Vzomg, Willenweten, 40 anonymous edits
    Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
    File:Nancy Pelosi and Wen Jiabao.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nancy_Pelosi_and_Wen_Jiabao.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors:
    Nancy Pelosi from San Francisco, CA
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
    //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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