Li Yicheng

Development of a blog system using CodeIgniter framework

Development of a blog system using CodeIgniter framework
















Li Yicheng
Bachelors thesis
Spring 2011
Degree Programme in Business Information Technology
Oulu University of Applied Sciences
3

Abstract
School: Oulu University of Applied Sciences
Programme: Degree Programme in Business Information Technology
Author: Li Yicheng
Supervisor: Matti Viitala
The title of thesis: Development of a blog system using CodeIgniter framework
Year: 2011
Number of pages + number of appendices: 59

This thesis is project based thesis. It is a simple blog system. In the thesis will
introduces the development blog background and discuss the design and
development platform targets, set out the structure of the website and the
function modules and introduce how to build this system step by step. The
whole system can be divided into three parts: Information services, Album
service, Message service.

However, due to the large size of the project, It cannot be explained how to
make it step and step. So in this thesis will be focus more on the main part. In
the theory part, will be discussed the exactly advantages of those
programming language which will be used in the project. In the tutorial part, will
be introduced how to build this blog system. Use the programming codes and
pictures which from the project to describe clearly.

This purpose of this bachelors thesis is to introduce the advantages and
techniques of PHP framework (CodeIgniter) and jQuery. Another purpose is to
build an example system which is using PHP framework and jQuery to student
who want to learn more about programming. The codes of HTML and PHP are
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very detailed. That help students who want learn PHP framework easier.

As a result of the thesis, Oulu University of Applied Sciences will have a good
introduction of blog system which are using PHP framework. The website and
codes can be used later for the course material.























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Keywords: PHP, JQuery, PHP framework, CodeIgniter

Content
Development of a blog system using CodeIgniter framework
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 3
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 6
1.1 System development background.................................................................. 7
1.2 The present situation of development ........................................................... 7
1.3 Development trend ........................................................................................... 8
2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 9
2.1 CodeIgniter ...................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Ajax ................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 JQuery .............................................................................................................. 13
3 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 14
3.1 System Analysis .............................................................................................. 14
3.2 System Flow Chart ......................................................................................... 15
3.3 Database design ............................................................................................. 16
3.4 Installation ........................................................................................................ 18
3.5 Login ................................................................................................................. 21
3.6 User info ........................................................................................................... 25
3.7 Album ................................................................................................................ 31
3.8 Blog ................................................................................................................... 33
3.9 Wall ................................................................................................................... 35
4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 38
5 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 39
Reference ................................................................................................................... 41
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1 INTRODUCTION
"Blog" is an abbreviated version of "weblog," which is a term used to describe
web sites that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information. A blog features
diary-type commentary and links to articles on other Web sites, usually
presented as a list of entries in reverse chronological order (wordpress blog,
referred 10.02.2011).

Normally it can be understood that blog is a type of website, with regular
entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as
graphics or video (wordpress blog, referred 10.02.2011). It is a place to
express your thoughts and feelings. It is a place to introduce yourself to the
world and let more other people know you.

In recent years, blog has become very popular. More and more people have
created their own blogs and view others blogs. Today blogs are being used for
almost all sorts of purposes. For business blog that company can use it to gain
insight into your customers by allowing your customers to leave comment on
the blog. You can put advertise on the blog, it is an opportunity to mention your
company name and products. For personal blog that user can use it connect
your family and friends easier. User can post anything on the blog to tell friends
how you fell and what are you doing now. It is a great opportunity to know
some new friends.



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1.1 System development background
Before blogging became popular, people usually use Bulletin Board Systems
(BBS) or some other chat tools like MSN, Gtalk to express their own ideas. By
2000, blog is developing with a high speed. Due to Blogger, Pita, Manila, Big
blog Tool, Diaryland and much other related software became free software,
and they also provide free server. It makes blog easier to update, publish and
maintain. With these, blog is not just a place for user to post something or
leave some comments. User can also watch video, listen music and so on.

According to incomplete statistics, it already has 40 million of blogs until now.
It has become a way to reflect on life. Some sites, such Twitter or Facebook,
allow users to post anything on the blog, share thoughts and feelings, contact
friends or family easier.

If the blog site is a stage, then all of the blogger is one of the dancers, they will
own the real side show in the online world. If they just want to write blog, then
the blog is a mirror, can show yourself in the mirror. If the blog is a media, you
can use it to publish some valuable Information and share with friends.

1.2 The present situation of development
It can be clearly observed from the picture below, the trend of blog going up
these years. According to the chart, the number of blogs increased from 4.3
million in 2006 to 28 million in 2009. November 3.2009, there are already have
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28.3 million blog sites and 16.87 million bloggers. That means average 1.67
blogs for each user. Nearly a million bloggers update their own blogs at least
once a week. New blog creation continues to grow. More than 75,000 new
blogs created every day, which means that on average, a new blog is created
every second of every day.
"The blogosphere continues to grow at a quickening pace." wrote, Technorati
CEO Dave Sifry (masternewmedia blog, referred 12.02.2011).



Figure 1 chart for number of blog
1.3 Development trend
Early blog website were simple, web style rigid, but with the technology, have
variety of programming skills come out, including the CGI, ASP, PHP, Java,
script language such as: JavaScript, jQuery, VBScript and so forth. JavaScript
and VBScript can be embedded in HTML to implement some of the dynamic
capabilities. PHP, ASP make system are easy to maintenance and code, also it
offers many levels of security to prevent malicious attacks.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006 2007 2008 2009
Number of Blogs (Millions)
Number of Blogs (Millions)
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Early blog were primarily textual, but with the multimedia development, blog
have become more and more rich media. Blog provide commentary or news
on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries, and
now many blogs have provided videos (video blogging e.g.
www.brightcove.com), music (MP3 blog e.g. prettymuchamazing.com), and
audio (podcasting - e.g. www.rhythmcreation.com).

Now, blog has become an online Reputation mechanism. The user account will
be a personal virtual identity on the internet like an ID card in the real life, it
show the real name and personal info. People used to use anonymity before
and we do not know each other. But now we can use blog to find someone and
follow him. It can also avoid bad thing happened like dissemination some false
news.

With the development of the blog, more and more people are start to using it.
Blog as an Information media, it has very large information per day and some
junk info was inevitable in it. Like someone just registered a lot of user
accounts but never use it or post some porn ads on the blog. In the future, it
will have a system to filter information and use personal virtual identity to find
who publish it.

2 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
Several different programming techniques are using in this blog system like
PHP framework (CodeIgniter), jQuery, Ajax and so on. In this chapter, will be
discussed the advantages of the techniques and introduce how to use it with a
short description.
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2.1 CodeIgniter
CodeIgniter is a powerful PHP framework with a very small footprint, built for
PHP coders who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web
applications (CodeIgniter, referred 15.02.2011).

There are many other advantages of using CodeIgniter:
Small, Fast, Simple, Easy to learn.
It is easy to migration from one server to another. Just need to change
the URL.
CodeIgniter is easy to install, just need few minutes. All you need to
do is download the CodeIgniter folder from www.Codeigniter.com.
Extract it and put it into the server.
Simple to debug
Active Record Implementation is simply superb and easy to
remember.
One of the most important features of the CodeIgniter is that it has a
most well - document.
The collection of libraries that it posses is also good enough.
And as previously said awesome documentation of the user guide,
which makes any coder easy to use the whole framework
(macronimous, referred 15.02.2011).

The following example is display data from database. Through this example it
clear to see the difference between normal PHP and CodeIgniter. For normal
PHP, sometimes the codes were mixed with HTML, and hard to read and
modify. Using CodeIgniter those problems wont happen. In this example, the
controller folder is to connect the back end and front end. In this example, the
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book function is to select data from database and load a view file. The view
folder is to display what users in face see.



Figure 2 Codelgniter process

Create a file named book.php in views folder.
View (views/book.php)

<Html>
<Body>
<p><?= $a;?></p>
</Body>
</Html>

Create a file named my_controller.php in Controllers folder.
Controllers (controllers/my_controller.php)

Function book () {
$this->db->where (type, book);
$this->db->from (library);
$result = $this->db->get ();
$count = $result->num_rows ();
$data [a] = $count;
$this->load->view (book, $data);
}
Controller View
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Where youre installed CodeIgniter
Your main controller file:
System/application/controllers/my_controller.php
Figure 3 CodeIgnier URL

2.2 Ajax
Ajax (shorthand for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a group of
interrelated web development methods used on the client-side to create
interactive web applications. With Ajax, web applications can send data to, and
retrieve data from, a server asynchronously (in the background) without
interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Data is usually
retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object. Despite the name, the use of XML
is not needed (JSON is often used instead), and the requests need not be
asynchronous. (Wiki Ajax, Referred 15.02.2011)

One of the main reasons uses Ajax. With Ajax, the web page can be refreshed
dynamically. The web page does not have to be reloaded each time after the
user requests a change. For example a login system, with normal login page,
user need enter the data into the login form and then click on the submit button
to submit the request to the server. Page will jump to PHP page and use PHP
function to check the account. Then return to the login page to show the
message like login success or wrong password. This process is inefficient and
time consuming. However, using Ajax it can use the application to check user
http://localhost/ my_controller
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account without refreshing the whole page. Ajax will help to increase the web
pages speed and usability.
2.3 JQuery
JQuery is a new kind of JavaScript library. It is a fast and concise JavaScript
Library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating,
and Ajax interactions for rapid web development. JQuery is designed to
change the way that you write JavaScript. (JQuery, referred 16.02.2011)

Advantages:
Easy to use - This is the main advantage of using JQuery; it is easier
to use compared to standard JavaScript and other JavaScript libraries.
With the simple syntax, it can save coding a lot. Use a small amount of
codes to achieve the same feature in comparison.
Large library - Various number of plug-in are free to download and use
it.
Great documentation and tutorials - The JQuery website has the most
well - document and tutorials with some useful examples.
Simplifies Ajax
jQuery is open source software


Here is two Basic Examples of using jQuery:

$(document).ready(function(){
$(#hide).click(function(){
$(a).hide(fast);
});
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});

For this example, after a element with id hide is clicked, all the contents
element (a) will be hidden immediately with slight animation for the whole
page.

$(document).ready(function(){
$(.load).load(example.html);
});

The above example is using Ajax on jQuery. It is simple to get data from other
page. The response get from the example.html is fill inside the element with
class is load
3 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
3.1 System Analysis
This blog is similar like WordPress, but it was a totally different system. It will
have much more powerful functions. It is not just a blog for user writes
something or leaves some comments. You can create your own album, Initiate
votes, and meet friends.

The purpose of the project is to provide a better place to promote friendship for
friends. The users can be used for notice, announcement and event. Therefore,
in the project there are three main parts. Through this you can share the idea
and connect your friends easier.

Information services:
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User can write your own blog, view other users blog.
Add Profile infomation
Upload Profile image
Album service:
Allows user to send pictures to blogs album and make tag on the
pictures.
Message service:
Allows visitor to leave comment or message each other on the
blogs

3.2 System Flow Chart
Blog system base on B / S (Browser / Server) structure (browser, web server,
and database). The following map shows the process of the system.









Figure 4 - System main structures

Major functions for this blog:
Login: user can use a username and password to log into the system to obtain
access and can then log out or log off when the access is no longer needed.
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r
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e
r

D
a
t
a
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User info: Introduce yourself from what you're doing now to where you grew
up and upload your profile picture.
BLOG: user can write your own blog, view other users blogs and leave
comments for it.
Album: allows user to send pictures to his/her own blog picture album.
Wall: The Wall is users profile page. Visitors can see his/her full profile and
free to post messages on blog. Similar like Facebook, but its a simple one.


Figure 5 - System process

3.3 Database design
A pivotal setup in designing this blog is making up the database. Although this
might appear to be a simple task, but sometimes a well-designed database
that provides you with an easy way to get the data you want and minimizes
design mistakes. Thats can save your time for coding because we could not
have to always update or tweak system structure. The database will be easy to
modify and maintain. If you want changes a field or table, it would not
negatively affect any other field or table in the database. Conversely, a
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bad-designed database will destroy your system. Make your system structure
complicated. If you want to modify something or update some functions, is
hard to find the right place and easy to make a mistake.

Here is the ER model for blogs database and the codes for database will be
show on the end of thesis.

. Figure 6 - ER model for blogs database


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3.4 Installation
After database is really, we can start to install CodeIgniter. It is easy to install.
First, need to download CodeIgniter from www.Codeigniter.com. Unlike other
PHP framework, you dont need to install anything (e.g. django framework
cant run without python environment), only need an apache server with PHP
and MySQL. There is also does not have to type anything at the command line
(e.g. to start django server need to run the command: python manage.py
runserver), which some might be a little more comfortable with. After already
installed the CodeIgniter to your server, the directory structure should be looks
like this:


Figure 7 - CodeIgniter system directory structure

Then we should focus on the application folder, is this where you will be
working most of time and building your applications. Controllers folder is the
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most important part of your application, as they determine how HTTP requests
should be handled. All the html web pages will be building in views folder.

Figure 8 - application folder

Within that application folder:
Config deals with the setting up of your database connection, base URL,
auto loader (which loads other classes and helper functions as well as plug-in)
and routes.
Controllers are like traffic cops, directing requests to the proper models
and views.
Errors deals with your 404 errors.
Models contains database functions such as inserting, deleting,
updating and retrieving information from your database.
Scripts a place to store your own script includes or classes.
Views which are the pages your visitors will see. (godbit.CodeIgniter,
referred 20.02.2011).

Before start to coding, there are some default config files in CodeIgniter need
to be done. First is you index page of this website. Open config.php which is in
the config folder (system/application/config/config.php). At line 14:

$config['base_url'] = "http://www.your-site.com/";

Edit this use your URL to replace http://www.your-site.com/. In this case, the
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URL will look like this:

$config[base_url] =
http:/www.cylyc.com/liyicheng/zone/;

The next is connecting database; need open file autoload.php which is in the
same folder with config.php. Add database in the libraries array that means we
need to use database in this project. If you doing a project do not need
database, you can skip this step.

$aotuload[libraries] = array (database);

Then open database.php. This file will contain the settings needed to access
your database. ['hostname'] is the hostname of your database server.
['username'] ['password'] are the username and password which are used to
connect to the database. ['database'] The name of the database you want to
connect to

$db['default']['hostname'] = "hostname";
$db['default']['username'] = "username";
$db['default']['password'] = "password";
$db['default']['database'] = "database";
$db['default']['dbdriver'] = "mysql";
$db['default']['pconnect'] = TRUE;
$db['default']['db_debug'] = TRUE;
$db['default']['cache_on'] = FALSE;
$db['default']['char_set'] = "utf8";
$db['default']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci";
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The final step is creating folders for icons, CSS files and jQuery files under
application folder. All the jQuery files can be downloading from the link below.
http://code.jQuery.com/jQuery-1.4.2min.js

3.5 Login
After finish those settings, we can start the system development. The first part
is login system. Create a new PHP file on controllers and named it zone, when
you name your file is must be the same name as class of controller with PHP
extension. The class and file name must be match. A controller is similar like a
PHP class. Function zone is to load helpers which will be used on the project.
Helper is some groups of functions which can help you with coding. Each
helper file is simply a collection of functions in a particular category
(CodeIgniter helper, referred 22.02.2011). In the project, these helpers will be
used: URL Helpers that assist in creating links, Form Helpers that help you
create form elements, file helper that assist in working with files, date helper
that help you work with dates. Use index function to load index.php from views
folder.

Class zone extends Controller {
function zone(){
parent::Controller();
$this->load->helper("url");
$this->load->helper("form");
$this->load->helper('file');
$this->load->database();
$this->load->helper('date');
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}
function index(){
$this->load->view("index");
}
}

Login
a) Username min. 5 characters
b) Password min. 6 characters

A jQuery plug-in (Validation) will be used in this part to check format for each
input. It is fast and efficient and provides quick replies to your visitor in the
event of any errors. Use Inline-error-message display (no more alerts!) the
error. It is easy to implement validation plug-in for all your live validation needs.
Can be downloaded in: http://docs.jQuery.com/Plugins/validation

The next step is HTML part. After downloaded these files, create a new HTML
file on views folder and named it index.html. This HTML layout will show the
login form. The codes are below and the login page will be looks like Figure 9:

<form action="index.php/zone/main/" method="post"
class="cmxform" id="commentForm" >
<p>
<label for="user_name">Username</label>
<input id="user_name" name="user_name"
class="required" minlength="5" />
</p>
<p>
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<label for="user_pwd">Password</label>
<input id="user_pwd" name="user_pwd" type="password"
class="required" minlength="6" />
</p>
<input class="button" type="submit" value="Login" />
</form>

JQuery Plugin can be activated like this:

$(document).ready(function() {
$("#commentForm").validate({
});

The above code is quite simple, does not need much explanation. However,
there are a few important points that you need to pay attention.
Do not forget to load the jQuery file and validation plug-in. When
loading the files, the link of jQuery file must be in the head
section.
Do not forget to assign the id attribute of the login form and the
name attribute of the fields which you want to validate.

<script src="<?php echo
base_url();?>system/application/views/js/jQuery.js"
type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="<?php echo
base_url();?>system/application/views/js/validate/jQuery.
validate.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

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Then, we need to add validation rules and the respective error message.
Codes will be show on the end of thesis

In this case, there are two parameters we used are:
Rules: allow you to specify which fields you want to validate. In this case,
we are validating name, password. For each field, we specify if the field is
required (required: true)
Message: allow showing the message on a particular field.


Figure 9 - Login part

If the format for each input is current, data will post to url: "zone/login_pwd" to
check the user account exists which means the login_pwd function in zone.php.
If the username and password are current, function will return true then you
can enter your blog, otherwise will return false and show the error like
username and password were incorrect or Your account has been disabled.

if(isset($_POST["user_name"])){
$user_name=$_POST["user_name"];
$valid='TRUE';
$data["check_name"]=$this->db->query("SELECT*FROM
user_account WHERE user_name='$user_name'");
if($data["check_name"]->num_rows() > 0){
echo "true";
}
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else{
echo "false";
}
}
3.6 User info
Basic Information
Something about personal information, you can introduce yourself from what
you're doing now to where you grew up.

a) Birthday format 28.11.1983
b) Gender i.e. Male / Female
c) Country
d) City
e) Relationship Status (single, in a relationship)

In CodeIgniter, form_open() instead of the HTML <form> tag. If you need a
form in your HTML code, you have to use in this way <?php echo
form_open("action"); ?>, action is the way for server-side form handler and
method is post. Now, we need to create a folder named user in the directory
views and create a file named user_info.php and fill the codes below to make
the table. Due to the large size of code, so I put it on the end of thesis.

When user is adding birthday, calendar will opens in a small overlay on Focus
and closes automatically on Blur or when a date is selected. Its easier for
users of the website to enter dates. For this function date format will customize
to the format like day-month-year and restrict the selectable date ranges the
max date is today because person cannot be born in the future.
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$(function() {
$("#datepicker").datepicker({
dateFormat: 'dd-mm-yy',
changeMonth: true,
changeYear: true,
maxDate: '+0M +0D'
});
});



Figure 10 - calendar

The following codes are for background system to update database after user
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submit the form. In CodeIgniter, SQL languages are different from PHP. You
can pass an array to the function like this.

Normal PHP SQL
UPDATE user SET password = '{$passowrd}', name = '{$name}'
WHERE id = $id

CodeIgniter, SQL
$data = array(
'password' => $password,
'name' => $name,
);
$this->db->where('id', $id);
$this->db->update('user', $data);

Here is the code for update data in database:

function user_info_insert(){
$data=array('user_nick_name'=>$_POST["nick_name"],
'user_sex'=>$_POST["sex"],'user_marry'=>$_POST["mar
ry"],
'user_country'=>$_POST["province"],'user_city'=>$_P
OST["city"],
'user_brithday'=>$_POST["datepicker"]);
$user_name=$_POST["user_name"];
$this->db->where('user_name',$user_name);
$this->db->update('user_info', $data);
}
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Change password
Allow user to change password. After user type the username and old
password, script will use jQuery validation plugin to check it same like login
system. But it has a new validation method will be used.
equalTo: check the element whether the another one is the same. Makes
"field" required to be the same as #password

password2: {
required: true,
equalTo: "#password"
}

When user typing password, script will get the value of the password field and
checking for the character types: numbers, letters, lowercase and uppercase
and special characters to evaluate the strength of the password.

To use, call the function on a password field:

$('.password').pstrength();


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Figure 11 - password strength

Profile picture
Upload images can be broken down into four following steps:
Create a folder named upload.
Create a user_pic.php under views/user folder. An HTML div with a
browse button to allow the user to choose which file to upload.

<div id="left_col">
<fieldset>
<legend>Standard Use</legend>
<div id="upload" >
<span>Upload File<span>
</div>
</fieldset>
<br/>
<small style="font-weight: bold; font-style:italic;
font-size:13;">
Supported File Types: gif, jpg, png
</small>
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</div>

Use jQuery to process upload, check the file size, file type, and file
extension etc. Support File Types: gif, jpg, png, jepg. max_size:2000kb.
Post data to background system, at the same time show a loading image
to inform user process is in progress please wait for a second.
Rename and resize the file in the background then make a copy for this
image into the upload folder that you just created and insert image name into
database.
Hide loading image and advice the user the upload was success.
(Otherwise, If you do not want upload any image, the system will choose a
default image for you.)

In order to distinguish between all images, so we should rename it. Use a
method substr to return part of name from the first letter of the images name to
the fifteenth: $image_name = substr($image_name 0, 15). Use function date
to get the time now: $time = date ("Y-m-d-H-i"). Use the time and
substr(name) to form a new name: $image_name."_".$time." Then make a
copy for this image into the upload folder with the new name in order to unified
image standards system will resize it and insert the new name into database.
Codes for this part will be show on the end of thesis.

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Figure 12 - upload image

3.7 Album
This part also needs to upload image so the code are similar like Profile
picture. But it will use an amazing jQuery image plug-in (zoomimage) to
present images. Present in stylish way. The link are unobtrusively highjacked
to open the images in an inpage popup with drop shadow and border (jQuery
zoomimage referred 02.03.2011).

Create the function named photo, use to get the image name from database
for this user.

function photo(){
$data["user_name"]=$this->uri->segment(3);
$gruop_username=$this->uri->segment(3);
$data["gruop"]=$this->db->query("SELECT * FROM
photo_gruop WHERE gruop_username='$gruop_username' order by
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gruop_id desc");
$this->load->view("file/photo/photo",$data);
}

In CodeIgniter data is passed by way of an array. Need to use foreach to print it.
It is different for normal PHP. When using foreach in CodeIgniter that there are
no braces, need to use endforeach to replace the end brace. The control
structures listed below also should follow the similar closing syntax: endif, end
for, endforeach and endwhile. Also notice that instead of using a semicolon
after each structure (except the last one),

There is a colon.
foreach($db->result() as $row) (Codeigniter ,referred 02.03.2011).

Firstly, create a photo folder under views folder and create a show_photo.php
file. Codes for this part will be show on the end of thesis.

Secondly, we need to use jQuery zoomimage plugin. Download this plugin
from the link below. Be sure to include jQuery files and css files in this
document.
http://www.eyecon.ro/zoomimage/#implement

The final step is use jQuery present images. All the things need to do is to
select the elements in a jQuery way and call the plugin.
There are 3 parameters will be used:
Border: images border
Centered: whatever if the image should be centered in the viewport or
relative to the trigger.
33

Hidesource: Whatever to hide source when the image is opened.

You can find an exhaustive list of parameter at
http://www.eyecon.ro/zoomimage/#implement

$(function(){
$('a.bwGal').zoomimage({
border: 20,
centered: true,
hideSource: true
});
});

If user want delete an image or use an image for the cover image of the album,
can go to image management page, select the image which you want it to be
cover image or you want delete. Then click set cover button or delete button
(below the image). Codes for management page will be show on the end of
thesis.

In the code, unlink (path) function is to delete the file and path is the path of
the image, in order to migration to another server easier so need to use
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] (document root) for file path.
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] is very useful especially when you are
working in the development environment. It make including a large number of
files into the page and migration from one server to another easier.
3.8 Blog
This part is much easier than others. Only need to post data and insert it like a
34

message system. User can write your personal blog and edit or delete it. Only
one different is after other user visit your blog. They can mark the blog after
reading that is using a Star Rating Plug to mark it. For normal star rating
plug-in just 5 stars and let users choose one of it. This one the function is much
more powerful. It also has 5 stars but scoring criteria for the selection that
allows the user to select from 1 to 10.

So lets focus on the rating system. This plug-in is special but is easy to use.
After install it in HTML page, and then just add the star class to the radio
boxes.
Can be downloaded in:

(http://www.fyneworks.com/jQuery/star-rating/#tab-Overview)

<input name="rating" type="radio" class="star"/>
<input name="rating" type="radio" class="star"/>
<input name="rating" type="radio" class="star"/>
<input name="rating" type="radio" class="star"/>
<input name="rating" type="radio" class="star"/>


Figure 13 - rating system

In this way, we can mark it but we cant see the result. So we need to calculate
average score and insert it into database and show it on the page. Need to use
the checked property to specify the initial/default value of the control
HTML code should be like this: always show the average score, if nobody
35

marks this blog, the score is 0.



<input class="star {split:4}" type="radio" name="rating"
value="1" <?php if($row->article_rating==1){echo
"checked='checked'";}?> />
<input class="star {split:4}" type="radio" name="rating"
value="2" <?php if($row->article_rating==2){echo
"checked='checked'";}?> />
<input class="star {split:4}" type="radio" name="rating"
value="3" <?php if($row->article_rating==3){echo
"checked='checked'";}?> />
<input class="star {split:4}" type="radio" name="rating"
value="4" <?php if($row->article_rating==4){echo
"checked='checked'";}?> />
<input class="star {split:4}" type="radio" name="rating"
value="5" <?php if($row->article_rating==5){echo
"checked='checked'";}?> />


Figure 14 - rating system
3.9 Wall
This function is for user to post and share content with his/her friends. In order
36

to lets user display a set of smiley images on the content form, need to use
facebox plug-in. It is for a Facebook style pop up window. Before begin, we
need download this plug-in. Then set up an html document making sure
include the necessary links to jQuery and the css needed for facebox. Now,
below your JavaScript for facebox.js lets add the jQuery that makes this all
work. Can be downloaded in: http://defunkt.io/facebox/. Codes for this part will
be show on the end of thesis

In HTML code need a DIV link to open facebox window and hide it. After
submit, if the content includes some images, script will turn the image
representation (like ) into plain text image (like :-)). Then use Ajax post it to
background system and insert it.

Here is the code for Ajax:

$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "<?php echo base_url();?>index.php/zone/sign_insert",
data: "user_name="+user_name+"&sign="+sign,
success: function(data){
$("#show").html(data);
}
});

37


Figure 15 - wall system













38

4 Conclusion
Currently, after the Email, BBS, ICQ network, blog has become another
way to communicate on the internet. With the development of the network,
Blog are getting more and more popular especially for teens and adults.
According to incomplete statistics, it already has 40 million of blogs until now. It
change the way of peoples life. When we meet, we used to ask what is the
weather like today. However, now people usually ask do you update your blog
or do you see my comments that leave it last night . It represents a new way of
life and new ways of working, but also represents a new approach to learning.

Consequently, blog is a place to express their thoughts, fells and a great
opportunity to know some new friends. You can use it to connect with your
family, friends and relatives. You can post anything on your blog. Through this,
you can announce an outing or event. You can also tell your friend how you
feel or your new idea.

In addition, to the development part, PHP framework is written in PHP that
provides a simplified way to build the build application. In other words, PHP
framework makes application development easier, which help you write code
in less time because you do not have to always modify or debug some parts, it
can improve code quality and reduces a lot of repetitive coding for developers.
PHP framework also helps to build more stable applications especially for PHP
beginner who do not have much experience in this area.




39

5 Discussion
I have been interested in programming since I did the practice job in an IT
company. During my work practice I learn a lot of new things about
programming, such as JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and PHP.

PHP is kind of a server scripting language; it is very easy to learn and use.
Many functions are included without needing any sort of namespace importing.
And you do not even have to write OO code if you do not want to. But PHP's
ease of use is also its downfall. Because there are less restrictions on the
structure of the code you write, it's much easier to write bad code. There is a
solution: use a framework. Compare with other PHP framework, CodeIgniter
has the most well-documented and approachable PHP MVC framework out
there. Unlike other PHP frameworks, CodeIgniter works with both PHP 4 and 5.
That makes the lives of someone like me who has to be able to work
seamlessly between the two environments much easier. So I choose
CodeIgniter as the PHP framework which will be used in the project.

Before start the project, I collected a great deal of information and material
about PHP framework (CodeIgniter) from internet and books. After reading
these I have clear framework concept in my mind and made this website by
PHP framework. In the project of my thesis, it can divide into three parts:
Information services, Album service, Message service.

Because I need to make everything by myself even the user interface and
the project is quite huge. Therefore, in the thesis I cannot explain every step of
making the system and also the PHP frameworks is not easy to use for the
PHP beginners, it requires medium level with PHP. So in this thesis I focused
40

more on the main part.
During the process of establish the project, I have encountered some
problems. JQuery as the main tool in this project. Sadly jQuery has dropped
full support for IE lower version 6. Sometime I have to use JavaScript instead
of jQuery. Another problem was I am not familiar with how to use Codeigniter,
always make mistakes in the project.

Made a website is not that simple as could be expected, but experience
can be achieved during the process.



















41

Reference
Printed Sources:
Cody lindley, 2009, jQuery Cookbook, Solutions & Examples for jQuery
Developers: O'Reilly Media, inc

Jon A. phillips, 2007, Learning PHP & MySQL: O'Reilly Media, inc

Rebecca M. riordan, 2008, Head First Ajax: O'Reilly Media, inc

Web Design, 2008, Web Design: O'Reilly Media, inc

Electronic Sources:
Worrdpress. Blog [Referred 10.02.2011]
Available: http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging

Wiki. Blog [Referred 10.02.2011]
Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog

Masternewmedia. Blog [Referred 12.02.2011]
Available:http://www.masternewmedia.org/news/2006/04/27/blog_usage_stati
stics_and_trends.htm

Wiki. Wall [Referred 13.02.2011]
Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

Codeigniter [Referred 15.02.2011]
Available: http://Codeigniter.com/
42


Macronimous [Referred 15.02.2011]
Available:http://www.macronimous.com/resources/using_Codeigniter_for_PH
P_application_development.asp

Wiki. Ajax [Referred 15.02.2011]
Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29

JQuery [Referred 16.02.2011]
Available: http://jQuery.com/

Godbit.CodeIgniter [Referred 20.02.2011]
Available: http://godbit.com/article/introduction-to-code-igniter

Codeigniter. Helper [Referred 22.02.2011]
Available: http://Codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/helpers.html

JQuery. Zoomimage [Referred 02.03.2011]
Available: http://www.eyecon.ro/zoomimage/#about
APPENDIX 1/1

Here is the code for user_info.php:
<?php echo form_open("zone/user_info_insert"); ?>
<table cellspacing="0"cellpadding="0"class="formtable">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width: 10em;">Username:</th>
<td>
<?php echo $user_name;?>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 10em;">Nickname:</th>
<td>
<input type="text" class="t_input" value=""
name="nick_name" id="nick_name">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 10em;">Gender:</th>
<td>
<label for="sex"><input type="radio"
name="sex" value="male" checked>male</label>
<label for="sex"><input type="radio"
name="sex" value="female">female</label>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<th style="width: 10em;">Relationship
Status:</th>
APPENDIX 2/1

<td>
<select name="marry" id="marry">
<option value="0">&nbsp;</option>
<option value="Single">Single</option>
<option value="In a Relationship">In a
Relationship</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Country:</th>
<td id="birthcitybox">
<div id="test"></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Birthday:</th>
<td>
<input type="text" id="datepicker"
name="datepicker" value="" class="t_input">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 10em;">&nbsp;</th>
<td>
<?php echo
form_hidden("user_name",$this->uri->segment(3)); ?>
APPENDIX 3/1


<input type="submit" class="submit"
value="Submit" name="profilesubmit">
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</form>




















APPENDIX 1/2

Here is the code for upload image function:
function upload_pic() {
$config['upload_path'] = "./uploads/pic/";
$config['allowed_types']= 'gif|jpg|png|jpeg';
$config['max_size'] = '2000';
$config['max_width'] = '2000';
$config['max_height'] = '2000';
$this->load->library('upload', $config);
if ($this->upload->do_upload("photo")) {
$data=$this->upload->data();
$this->load->library('image_lib') ;
$img['width'] = 200;
$img['height'] = 200;
$img['image_library'] = 'GD2';
$img['quality'] = '100%' ;
$img['source_image'] =
"./uploads/pic/".$data['file_name'] ;
$img['maintain_ratio'] = FALSE;
$this->image_lib->initialize($img);
$this->image_lib->resize();
$this->image_lib->clear() ;
$image=$data['file_name'];
$user_name=$this->uri->segment(3);
$data["pic"]=$this->db->query("SELECT * FROM
user_account WHERE user_name='$user_name'");
foreach($data["pic"]->result_array() as $row){
unlink($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/liyicheng/zone/uplo
ads/pic/'.$row["image"]); }
APPENDIX 2/2


$data["update_pic"]=$this->db->query("UPDATE
user_account SET image='$image' WHERE
user_name='$user_name'");

echo "success";
}
else {
echo "error";
}
}

APPENDIX 1/3

Here is the code for show_photo.php:
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"
class="photo_list" >
<tbody><tr>
<?php $i=0; foreach($gruop_photo->result() as $row):?>
<?php if ($i % 5 == 0): ?>
</tr><tr>
<?php endif; ?>
<ul class="navigationTabs">
<li><a></a></li>
</ul>
<div class="tab">
<P>
<td style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
<a href="<?php echo
base_url();?>uploads/photo/show_photo/<?php echo
$row->photo_name;?>" title="<?php echo
$row->photo_title;?>" class="lightsGal">
<img src="<?php echo
base_url();?>uploads/photo/photo/<?php echo
$row->photo_name;?>" class="mark"></a>
</td>
</P>
</div>
<?php $i++; endforeach; ?>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
APPENDIX 1/4

Here is the code for delete photo:
function photo_delete(){
$photo_name=$this->uri->segment(4);
$gruop_name=$this->uri->segment(5);
$data["check_pic"]=$this->db->query("select * FROM
photo_gruop WHERE gruop_name='$gruop_name' and
gruop_username='$user_name' and gruop_pic='$photo_name'");
$data["upload"]=$this->db->query("select * FROM photo
WHERE gruop_name='$gruop_name' and
photo_username='$user_name' and
photo_name='$photo_name'");
$data["delete"]=$this->db->query("DELETE FROM photo
WHERE gruop_name='$gruop_name' and
photo_username='$user_name' and
photo_name='$photo_name'");
$data["photo_total"]=$this->db->query("SELECT * FROM
photo WHERE photo_username='$user_name' and
gruop_name='$gruop_name'");
if($data["check_pic"]->num_rows() > 0){
$data["check_pic"]=$this->db->query("UPDATE
photo_gruop SET gruop_pic='no_photo.png' WHERE
gruop_username='$user_name' and
gruop_name='$gruop_name'");
}
if($data["upload"]->num_rows() > 0){

unlink($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/liyicheng/zone/uplo
ads/photo/real/'.$photo_name);
APPENDIX 2/4


unlink($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/liyicheng/zone/uplo
ads/photo/show_photo/'.$photo_name);
$data["gruop_photo"]=$this->db->query("SELECT *
FROM photo WHERE photo_username='$user_name' and
gruop_name='$gruop_name'");
$data["gruop_name"]=$this->uri->segment(5);
$data["user_name"]=$this->uri->segment(3);

$this->load->view("file/photo/photo_management",$data)
;
}
else{
$data["gruop_photo"]=$this->db->query("SELECT *
FROM photo WHERE photo_username='$user_name' and
gruop_name='$gruop_name'");
$data["gruop_name"]=$this->uri->segment(5);
$data["user_name"]=$this->uri->segment(3);

$this->load->view("file/photo/photo_management",$data)
;
}
}


APPENDIX 1/5
51

Here is the code for facebox in wall page:
$(document).ready(function() {
$('.face').toggle(function(){
$('.facebox').show();
},function(){
$('.facebox').hide();
});
$('.click_face').click(function(){
var image = $(this).attr("src");
var old_message = $('#sign').html();
$('#sign').html(old_message+'<img src="'+image+'">');
$('.facebox').hide();
});
$('#add').click(function(){
var sign = $('#sign').html();
var user_name = $('#user_name').val();
$('#signs').val(sign);
var sign = $('#signs').html();
});
});

APPENDIX 1/6


Here is the code for upload image with Ajax:
$(function(){
var btnUpload=$('#upload');
var status=$('#status');
new AjaxUpload(btnUpload, {
action: '<?php echo
base_url();?>index.php/zone/upload_pic/<?php echo
$this->uri->segment(3);?>',
name: 'photo',
onSubmit: function(file, ext){
if (! (ext && /^(jpg|png|jpeg|gif)$/.test(ext))){
status.html('<img src="<?php echo
base_url();?>uploads/error.gif"></img>&nbsp&nbsp;&nbsp;On
ly JPG, PNG or GIF files are allowed');
return false;}
status.html('<img src="<?php echo
base_url();?>system/application/views/image/loading1.gif
"/>');},
onComplete: function(file, response){
status.text('');
if(response==="success"){
status.html('<img src="<?php echo
base_url();?>uploads/success.gif"></img>&nbsp&nbsp;&nbsp;
Success<br>');
$("#imgs").attr("src", function() {
return "<?php echo
base_url();?>uploads/pic/" + file; });} else{
APPENDIX 2/6


$('<li></li>').appendTo('#files').text(file).addClass(
'error');
}
}
});
});

APPENDIX 1/7


Here is the code for login page:
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#commentForm").validate({
success: "valid",
rules: {
user_name: {
required: true,
minlength: 5,
},
user_pwd: {
required: true,
minlength: 6,
number: true,
remote: {
url: "zone/login_pwd",
type: "post",
data: {
user_pwd: function(){
return $("#user_pwd").val();
},
user_name: function(){
return $("#user_name").val();
}
}
}
},
},
messages: {
APPENDIX 2/7


user_name: {
required: "Please enter the username",
remote: "Username does not exist",
minlength: "Please enter a value greater than
or equal to 5"
},
user_pwd: {
required: "Please enter the password",
remote: "Password error or the account has not
been activated.",
minlength: "Please enter a value greater than
or equal to 6",
number: "Please enter only digits"
}
}
});
});



APPENDIX 1/8


Database creation codes for this project:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `article` (
`article_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`article_title` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`article_body` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
`article_time` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET ucs2 NOT NULL,
`article_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`article_rating` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`class_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`article_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=20 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `article_class` (
`class_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`class_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`class_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`class_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photo` (
`photo_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`photo_username` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`photo_title` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`photo_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`gruop_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`photo_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=85 ;
APPENDIX 2/8


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photo_gruop` (
`gruop_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`gruop_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`gruop_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`gruop_pic` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`gruop_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=29 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `poll` (
`poll_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`poll_question` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`poll_total_vote` varchar(900) NOT NULL,
`poll_time` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET ucs2 NOT NULL,
`poll_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`poll_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=49 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `poll_user` (
`poll_user_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`poll_user_ip` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`poll_user_time` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`poll_user_question` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET ucs2 NOT
NULL,
`poll_user_option` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`poll_user_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`poll_user_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=32
APPENDIX 3/8


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `poll_vote` (
`vote_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`vote_question` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`vote_option` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`vote_vote` varchar(900) NOT NULL,
`vote_username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`vote_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=107 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `sign` (
`sign_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`sign_username` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`sign_body` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
`sign_time` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sign_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=175 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_account` (
`user_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_pwd` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`first_time` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`nameMD` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET ucs2 NOT NULL,
`captcha` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET ucs2 NOT NULL,
`active` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`image` varchar(200) NOT NULL
APPENDIX 4/8


PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_info` (
`info_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_nick_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_sex` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_country` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_city` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_city2` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_brithday` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_marry` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_phone` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`user_qq` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`info_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `zone_game` (
`game_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`game_title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`game_body` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`game_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=7 ;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `zone_gift` (
`gift_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
APPENDIX 5/8


`gift_title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`gift_body` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`gift_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=7 ;


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `zone_notice` (
`notice_id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`notice_title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`notice_body` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`notice_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;