1.) Allow to avoid disputes for XML element names. 2.

) One can avoid name conflicts using prefixes. <h ta!le" <h tr" <h td"Apples<#h td" <h td"$ananas<#h td" <#h tr" <#h ta!le" <f ta!le" <f name"African %offee &a!le<#f name" <f width"'(<#f width" <f length"12(<#f length" <#f ta!le" ).) *hould !e set namespaces +namespace) for prefixes used !, the xmlns attri!ute. a.) &he child elements that use the same prefix inherit mem!ership in the namespace <root" <h ta!le xmlns h-.http ##www.w).org#&/#html0#." <h tr" <h td"Apples<#h td" <h td"$ananas<#h td" <#h tr" <#h ta!le" <f ta!le xmlns f-.http ##www.w)schools.com#furniture." <f name"African %offee &a!le<#f name" <f width"'(<#f width" <f length"12(<#f length" <#f ta!le" <#root" !.) &he namespace can also !e declared on the root element. <root xmlns h-.http ##www.w).org#&/#html0#. xmlns f-.http ##www.w)schools.com#furniture." <h ta!le" <h tr" <h td"Apples<#h td" <h td"$ananas<#h td" <#h tr" <#h ta!le" <f ta!le" <f name"African %offee &a!le<#f name" <f width"'(<#f width" <f length"12(<#f length" <#f ta!le" <#root"

c.) One can also set a default namespace for an element1 there!, avoiding the use of prefixes. <ta!le xmlns-.http ##www.w).org#&/#html0#. " <tr" <td"Apples<#td" <td"$ananas<#td" <#tr" <#ta!le" <ta!le xmlns-.http ##www.w)schools.com#furniture." <name"African %offee &a!le<#name" <width"'(<#width" <length"12(<#length" <#ta!le" XML Schema XML *chema - XML *chema 2efinition +X*2). &he XML schema descri!es the structure of an XML document1 an alternative to 2&2. *ets 3 &he elements that can appear in a document. 3 &he attri!utes that can appear in a document. 3 4hat are the child elements1 their num!er and order. 3 5f an element is empt, or can include text. 3 2ata t,pes for elements and attri!utes. 3 &he default and fixed values for elements and attri!utes. Advantages of *chemas 3*upport data t,pes 3*upport data t,pes 3Are extensi!le 3 A *chema definition can !e used in other *chemas. 3 6ou can create new data t,pes from standard t,pes. 3 %an !e referenced multiple *chema from the same document. $uilding a *chema 3&he <schema" element is the root element of an, XML *chema <7xml version-.1.(.7" <xs schema xmlns xs-.http ##www.w).org#2((1#XML*chema." ... ... <#xs schema" &he elements and data t,pes used in the schema definition are from the namespace .http ##www.w).org#2((1#XML*chema. and should have the prefix xs.

2efaults and 8ixed 32efault values are assigned when no other values were specified <xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" default="red"/> 34hen a value is declared as fixed1 can not !e declared other values <xs element name-.color. t,pe-.xs string. fixed-.red.#" X*2 attri!utes 3Attri!utes are declared as simple elements. <xs:attribute name="xxx" type="yyy"/> &he code schema can !e a file called note.xsd <7xml version-.1.(.7" <xs schema xmlns xs-.http ##www.w).org#2((1#XML*chema." <xs element name-.note." <xs complex&,pe" <xs se9uence" <xs element name-.to. t,pe-.xs string.#" <xs element name-.from. t,pe-.xs string.#" <xs element name-.heading. t,pe-.xs string.#" <xs element name-.!od,. t,pe-.xs string.#" <#xs se9uence" <#xs complex&,pe" <#xs element" <#xs schema" /estrictions # 8acets X*2 3&he statement of the names and attri!utes of simple elements ma, contain restrictions <xs element name-.age." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs integer." <xs min5nclusive value-.(.#" <xs max5nclusive value-.12(.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" &he element name .age. is defined as a constraint its value can not !e smaller than ( or greater than 12(.

/estrictions on *et :alues a.) %an onl, !e used a lowercase letter <xs element name-.letter." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.;a3<=.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" !.) %an onl, !e used three capital letters <xs element name-.initials." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.;A3>=;A3>=;A3>=.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" c.) %an onl, !e used three lowercase or uppercase <xs element name-.initials." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.;a3<A3>=;a3<A3>=;a3<A3>=.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" d.) One can use the letter x1 , or < <xs element name-.choice." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.;x,<=.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" e.) Are onl, accepted ? digits +( through @) followed <xs element name-.prodid." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs integer." <xs pattern value-.;(3@=;(3@=;(3@=;(3@=;(3@=.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element"

f.) Accepted ( or more lowercase letters <xs element name-.letter." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.+;a3<=)A.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" g.) Are accepted one or more pairs of letters in each pair !egin with a lowercase letter and end with an uppercase <xs element name-.letter." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.+;a3<=;A3>=)B.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" h.) Accepted values are .male. or .female. <xs element name-.letter." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.maleCfemale.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" i.) Accepted exactl, ' characters1 which can !e lowercase1 uppercase1 or digits !etween ( and @ <xs element name-.letter." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs pattern value-.;a3<A3>(3@=D'E.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element"

/estrictions on 4hite *paces a.) &he XML processor must not remove the white space characters <xs element name-.address." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs white*pace value-.preserve.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" !.) &he XML processor will replace all white space characters +enter1 spaces1 ta!s1 .line feeds.) !, spaces <xs element name-.address." <xs simple&,pe" <xs restriction !ase-.xs string." <xs white*pace value-.replace.#" <#xs restriction" <#xs simple&,pe" <#xs element" /estrictions for 2ata &,pes %onstraint Fnumeration fraction2igits length maxFxclusive max5nclusive maxLength minFxclusive min5nclusive minLength pattern total2igits white*pace 2escription 2efines a list of accepta!le values *pecifies the maximum num!er of decimal places allowed. Must !e e9ual to or greater than <ero *pecifies the exact num!er of characters or list items allowed. Must !e e9ual to or greater than <ero *pecifies the upper !ounds for numeric values +the value must !e less than this value) *pecifies the upper !ounds for numeric values +the value must !e less than or e9ual to this value) *pecifies the maximum num!er of characters or list items allowed. Must !e e9ual to or greater than <ero *pecifies the lower !ounds for numeric values +the value must !e greater than this value) *pecifies the lower !ounds for numeric values +the value must !e greater than or e9ual to this value) *pecifies the minimum num!er of characters or list items allowed. Must !e e9ual to or greater than <ero 2efines the exact se9uence of characters that are accepta!le *pecifies the exact num!er of digits allowed. Must !e greater than <ero1 *pecifies how white space +line feeds1 ta!s1 spaces1 and carriage returns) is handled

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