EE2356 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICRO CONTROLLER LABORATORY

8-bit Microprocessor 1. Simple arithmetic operations: Multi precision addition / subtraction / multiplication / division. 2. Programming with control instructions: Increment / Decrement, Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers,Rotate instructions Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions. 3. A/D Interfacing. 4. D/A Interfacing. 5. Traffic light controller interfacing 6. Steeper Motor Interfacing 7. Simple experiments using 8251, 8279, 8254. 16-bit Microprocessor 8. Simple arithmetic operations: Multi Precision addition / substraction/multiplication / division. 8-bit Microcontroller 9. Demonstration of basic instructions with 8051 Micro controller execution, including: a. Conditional jumps, looping b. Calling subroutines. c. Stack parameter testing 10. Interfacing Keyboard and Display 11. Stepper motor Interfacing\ a. D/A Interfacing b. Traffic light controller Interfacing c. 8051 based Serial Port Communication.

I (a). ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS AIM: To perform 8-bit addition operation with carry using 8085 and to store the result in memory. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Load the first data in the accumulator. 3. Move the content of A to B register. 4. Load the second data in the accumulator. 5. Initialize the carry with zero. 6. Add the content of B register to the accumulator. 7. If the carry is 0 then store the result in address which is specified. 8. If the carry is 1 then increment the C register and store the result. 9. Stop the program.

FLOW CHART: START

INITIALIZE THE DATA

ADD DATA

IF CARRY=0 Y YES STORE THE RESULT

NO INCREMENT CARRY

STOP

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OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA

RESULT: Thus the addition of two 8-bit numbers performed using 8085 Microprocessor and the output was stored in memory.

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I (a). ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS HEX CODE COMMENTS

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9100 9103 9104 9107 9108 910A 910D 910E 9111 9112 9115 LDA 9200 MOV B,A LDA 9201 ADD B MVI C,00 INC 910E INR C STA 9600 MOV A,C STA 9601 RST 1 3A,00,92 Load the data in the accumulator 47 Move the content of A register to B

3A,01,92 Load the second value in accumulator 80 0E,00 02,0E,91 0C 32,00,96 79 32,00,96 CF Add the content of B to A Initialize C register with 00 Jump on No carry to the specified address Increment the C register Store the result in specified address Move the content of C to accumulator Store the carry in specified address Terminate the process

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I (b). SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS AIM: To perform 8-bit subraction operation with carry using 8085 and to store the result in memory. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Load the first data in the accumulator. 3. Move the content of A to B register. 4. Load the second data in the accumulator. 5. Subtract the content of B register from the accumulator. 6. If the borrow is 0 then go to step 7. 7. Store the result. 8. Stop the program.

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FLOW CHART:

START

INITIALIZE THE DATA

ADD DATA

IF BORROW =0

NO

INCREMENT BORROW

YES STORE THE RESULT

STOP

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OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA

RESULT: Thus the subtraction of two 8-bit numbers performed using 8085 Microprocessor and the output was stored in memory.

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I (b). SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS PROGRAM:

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS

HEX CODE

COMMENTS

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9100 9103 9104 9107 9108 910A 910D 910E 9111 9112 9115 LSB LDA 9200 MOV B,A LDA 9201 SUB B MVI C,00 JNC 910E INR C STA 9300 MOV A,C STA 9301 RST 1 3A,00,92 Load the data in the accumulator 47 Move the content of A register to B

3A,01,92 Load the second value in accumulator 90 0E,00 02,0E,91 0C 32,00,93 79 32,00,93 CF Subtract the data Move borrow as 00 Jump on No borrow to the specified address Increment the C register Store the result in specified address Move the content of C to accumulator Store the carry in specified address Terminate the process

I (c). MULTIPLICATION OF 8-BIT NUMBERS AIM:

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To perform the 8-bit multiplication operation by using 8085 microprocessor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Get the multiplier and multiplicand. 3. Initialize the carry register 4. Initialize count register with multiplier 5. Clear accumulator. 6. Add accumulator with multiplicand 7. If carry occurs increment the carry register. 8. Decrement the count register. 9. If zero go to step 1. 10. Else go to step 6. 11. Sore accumulator. 12. Store carry register. 13: Stop the program.

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FLOW CHART:

START

GET MULTIPLIER AND MULTIPLICANT

INITIALIZE A CARRY REGISTER

INITIALIZE COUNT REGISTER WITH MULTIPLIER

CLEAR THE ACCUMULATOR

ADD THE ACCUMULATOR CONTENT WITH MULTIPLIER

IF CARRY=0

YES INCREMENT CARRY REGISTER NO

DECREMENT COUNT

YES

JUMP ON NON ZERO NO STORE THE RESULT

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STOP

I (c). MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS HEX CODE COMMENTS

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9100 9103 9104 9107 9108 910A 910B 910C 910F 9110 9111 9114 9117 9118 911B LDA 9200 MOV D,A LDA 9201 MOV B,A DCR D MVI C,00 ADD B JNC 9110 INR C DCR D JNZ 910B STA 9600 MOV A,C STA 9601 RST 1 3A,00,92 57 3A,01,92 47 15 0E,00 80 D2,10,91 0C 15 C2,0B,91 Jump on no zero 32,00,96 79 32,01,96 CF Store the result in specified address Move the content of C to accumulator Store the carry in specified address Terminate the process Clear the accumulator Add register D to A Jump on no carry Load the data in the accumulator Move the content of A register to D Load the second value in accumulator Move the content of A register to B

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OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA

RESULT: Thus the multiplication of two 8-bit numbers performed using 8085 Microprocessor and the output was stored in memory

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I(d). DIVISION OF 8-BIT NUMBERS AIM: To perform the 8-bit division operation by using 8085 microprocessor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Get the divisor and dividend. 3. Initialize count register with divisor 4. Clear accumulator. 5. Move the dividend into accumulator 6. Subtract divisor from accumulator. 7. Increment the count register. 8. Compare accumulator with divisor. 9. If division is less go to step 5 else to next step. 10. Stop the program.

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FLOW CHART: START

LOAD TEHE DATA AND INITIALIZE THE COUNT O

MOVE THE COUNT OF A TO B GET THE DIVISOR INTO A SUBTRACT B FROM A

INCREMENT C COMPARE B WITH C

IF NO ZERO

STORE THE A

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MOVE C TO A

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STORE A

I(d). DIVISION OF 8-BIT NUMBERS PROGRAM:

Address

Label

Mnemonics

Hex Code

Comments

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9100 9103 9104 9107 9109 910A 910B 910C 910F 9112 9113 9116 LDA 9200 MOV D,A LDA 9201 MVI C,00 SUB D INR C CMP D JNC 9109 STA 9600 MOV A,C STA 9601 RST 1 3A,00,92 57 3A,01,92 0E,00 92 0C BA D2,09,91 32,00,96 79 32,01,96 CF Load the dividend in the accumulator Move the content of A register to D Load the second value in accumulator Get the divisor Subtract D from A Increment C Compare C and D Jump on no zero Store the result in specified address Move the content of C to accumulator Store the carry in specified address Terminate the process

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OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA

RESULT: Thus the division of two 8-bit numbers performed using 8085 Microprocessor and the output was stored in memory.

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II. (a). LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY AIM: To find the largest element in an array. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations. 2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator. 3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array. 4. Decrement the counter by 1. 5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element. 6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next element). 7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content (largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue. 8. Decrement the counter by 1. 9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero 10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.

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FLOW CHART: START

[HL]

[8100H]

[B] [A] [HL

04H [HL]

[HL] + 1

IS [A] < [HL]?

[A]

[HL]

[B]

[B]-1

NO IS [B] = 0? YES [8105] [A]

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STOP

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS

OPCODE

LABEL

MNEM ONICS

OPER AND H,8100

COMMENTS

8001

21,00,81

LXI

Initialize HL reg. to 8100H

8004

06,04

MVI

B,04

Initialize B reg with no. of comparisons(n-1) Transfer first data to acc. Increment HL reg. to point next memory location Compare M & A If A is greater than M then go to loop Transfer data from M to A reg Decrement B reg If B is not Zero go to loop1

8006 8007

7E 23 LOOP1

MOV INX

A,M H

8008 8009

BE D2,0D,80

CMP JNC

M LOOP

800C 800D 800E

7E 05 C2,07,80 LOOP

MOV DCR JNZ

A,M B LOOP1

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8011 32,05,81 STA 8105 Store the result in a memory location. Stop the program

8014

76

HLT

OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104 DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS 8105 DATA

RESULT:

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Thus the largest number in the given array is found out.

II. (b) SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY AIM: To find the smallest element in an array. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.

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2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator. 3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array. 4. Decrement the counter by 1. 5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element. 6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next element). 7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content (largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue. 8. Decrement the counter by 1. 9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero 10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.

FLOW CHART: START

[HL]

[8100H]

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[B]

04H

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[A] [HL YES IS

[HL]

[HL] + 1

[A] < [HL]? NO [A] [HL]

[B]

[B]-1 NO IS

[B] = 0? YES [8105] [A]

STOP

ADDRE SS

OPCO DE

LABEL

MNEM ONICS

OPER AND

COMMENTS

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8001 21,00,81 LXI H,8100 Initialize HL reg. to 8100H 8004 06,04 MVI B,04 Initialize B reg with no. of comparisons(n-1) Transfer first data to acc. Increment HL reg. to point next memory location Compare M & A If A is lesser than M then go to loop Transfer data from M to A reg Decrement B reg If B is not Zero go to loop1 Store the result in a memory location. Stop the program

8006 8007

7E 23 LOOP1

MOV INX

A,M H

8008 8009

BE DA,0D,8 0 7E 05 C2,07,80 32,05,81 LOOP

CMP JC

M LOOP

800C 800D 800E 8011

MOV DCR JNZ STA

A,M B LOOP1 8105

8014

76

HLT

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OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104 DATA

OUTPUT ADDRESS 8105 DATA

RESULT: Thus the smallest number in the given array is found out.

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II. (c ). ASCENDING ORDER AIM: To sort the given number in the ascending order using 8085 microprocessor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations. 2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is larger than second then interchange the number. 3. If the first number is smaller, go to step 4. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order.

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FLOWCHART: START

[B] [HL]

04H [8100H]

[C] [A]

04H [HL]

[HL

[HL] + 1

IS [A] < [HL]?

[D]

[HL]

[HL]

[A]

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[HL] YES [HL] - 1

[HL] [HL]

[D] [HL] + 1 NO

[C]

[C] - 01 H A

IS [C] = 0? NO YES [B] [B]-1 NO

IS [B] = 0? Y YES STOP

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PROGRAM: ADD RE SS 8000 06,04 MVI B,04 Initialize B reg with number of comparisons (n-1) Initialize HL reg. to 8100H 8005 0E,04 MVI C,04 Initialize C reg with no. of comparisons(n-1) OPCO DE LABE L MNEM ONICS OPER AND COMMENTS

8002

21,00,81

LOOP 3

LXI

H,8100

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8007 8008 7E 23 LOOP2 MOV INX A,M H Transfer first data to acc. Increment HL reg. to point next memory location Compare M & A If A is less than M then go to loop1 Transfer data from M to D reg Transfer data from acc to M Decrement HL pair Transfer data from D to M Increment HL pair Decrement C reg If C is not zero go to loop2 Decrement B reg If B is not Zero go to loop3 Stop the program

8009 800A

BE DA,12,80

CMP JC

M LOOP1

800D 800E 800F 8010 8011 8012 8013 8016 8017 801A

56 77 2B 72 23 0D C2,07,80 05 C2,02,80 76 LOOP1

MOV MOV DCX MOV INX DCR JNZ DCR JNZ HLT

D,M M,A H M,D H C LOOP2 B LOOP3

OBSERVATION:

INPUT MEMORY LOCATION DATA MEMORY LOCATION

OUTPUT DATA

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8100 8101 8102 8103 8104 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104

RESULT: Thus the ascending order program is executed and thus the numbers are arranged in ascending order.

III. (d). DESCENDING ORDER AIM:

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To sort the given number in the descending order using 8085 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1

ALGORITHM: 1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations. 2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is smaller than second then interchange the number. 3. If the first number is larger, go to step 4 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order

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FLOWCHART:

START

[B] [HL]

04H [8100H]

[C] [A]

04H [HL]

[HL

[HL] + 1

IS [A] < [HL]?

[D]

[HL]

[HL]

[A]

[HL]

[HL] - 1

[HL] NO [HL]

[D] [HL] + 1

[C]

[C] - 01 H

YES

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IS [C] = 0? YES [B] [B]-1

NO

IS [B] = 0? YES STOP

NO

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PROGRAM: ADDRE SS 8000 LABEL MNEM ONICS MVI OPER AND B,04 06,04 Initialize B reg with number of comparisons (n-1) Initialize HL reg. to 8100H 8005 MVI C,04 0E,04 Initialize C reg with no. of comparisons(n-1) Transfer first data to acc. Increment HL reg. to point next memory location Compare M & A If A is greater than M then go to loop1 Transfer data from M to D reg Transfer data from acc to M Decrement HL pair OPCODE COMMENTS

8002

LOOP 3

LXI

H,8100

21

8007 8008

LOOP2

MOV INX

A,M H

7E 23

8009 800A

CMP JNC

M LOOP1

BE D2,12,80

800D 800E 800F

MOV MOV DCX

D,M M,A H

56 77 2B

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8010 8011 8012 8013 8016 8017 8019 801A HLT 76 Stop the program LOOP1 MOV INX DCR JNZ DCR JNZ M,D H C LOOP2 B LOOP3 72 23 0D C2,07,80 05 C2,02,80 Transfer data from D to M Increment HL pair Decrement C reg If C is not zero go to loop2 Decrement B reg If B is not Zero go to loop3

OBSERVATION:

INPUT MEMORY LOCATION 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104 DATA MEMORY LOCATION 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104

OUTPUT DATA

RESULT:

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Thus the descending order program is executed and thus the numbers are arranged in descending order.

II.(e). CODE CONVERSION -DECIMAL TO HEX AIM: To convert a given decimal number to hexadecimal. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Initialize the memory location to the data pointer. Increment B register. Increment accumulator by 1 and adjust it to decimal every time. Compare the given decimal number with accumulator value. When both matches, the equivalent hexadecimal value is in B register. Store the resultant in memory location.

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FLOWCHART:

START

HL

4500H

00

00H

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B+1

A +1

NO

Is A=M?

YES

8101

Stop

PROGRAM: ADDRE SS 8000 OPCO DE 21 LABEL MNEM ONICS LXI OPER AND H,8100 Initialize HL reg. to COMMENTS

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8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 8007 8008 8009 800A 800B 800C 800D 800E 800F 8010 8011 8012 8013 00 81 3E 00 06 00 03 C6 01 27 BE C2 07 80 78 32 01 81 76 HLT Stop the program MOV STA A,B 8101 Transfer B reg to acc. Store the result in a memory location. DAA CMP JNZ M LOOP Decimal Adjust Accumulator Compare M & A If acc and given number are not equal, then go to LOOP LOOP INR ADI B 01 Increment B reg. Increment A reg MVI B,00 Initialize B register.. MVI A,00 Initialize A register. 8100H

OUTPUT:

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INPUT ADDRESS 8100 DATA OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA 8101

RESULT: Thus an ALP program for conversion of decimal to hexadecimal was written and executed.

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II. (f). CODE CONVERSION -HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL AIM: To convert a given hexadecimal number to decimal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Initialize the memory location to the data pointer. Increment B register. Increment accumulator by 1 and adjust it to decimal every time. Compare the given hexadecimal number with B register value. When both match, the equivalent decimal value is in A register. Store the resultant in memory location.

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FLOWCHART:

START

HL A

8100H 00

B C B

00H 00H B+1 A +1

Decimal adjust accumulator NO

Is there carry?
YES

C D

C+1 A, A B,

Is
NO

A=M?
YES

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8101 A, A C

Stop

PROGRAM: ADD RE SS 8000 21,00,81 LXI H,8100 Initialize HL reg. to 8100H 8003 8005 8007 8009 800A 800C 800D 8010 8011 8012 8013 8014 8015 3E,00 06,00 0E,00 04 C6,01 27 D2,11,80 0C 57 78 BE 7A C2,09,80 NEXT LOOP MVI MVI MVI INR ADI DAA JNC INR MOV MOV CMP MOV JNZ NEXT C D,A A,B M A,D LOOP A,00 B,00 C,00 B 01 Initialize A register. Initialize B register. Initialize C register for carry. Increment B reg. Increment A reg Decimal Adjust Accumulator If there is no carry go to NEXT. Increment c register. Transfer A to D Transfer B to A Compare M & A Transfer D to A If acc and given number are not equal, then go to LOOP OPCO DE LABEL MNEM ONICS OPER AND COMMENTS

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8018 32,01,81 STA 8101 Store the result in a memory location. Transfer C to A Store the carry in another memory location. Stop the program

801B 801C

79 32,02,81

MOV STA

A,C 8102

801F

76

HLT

OUTPUT: INPUT ADDRESS 8100 OUTPUT ADDRESS 8101 8102

DATA

DATA

RESULT: Thus an ALP program for conversion of hexadecimal to decimal was written and executed.

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II. (f) PROGRAMMING WITH 8085 - CODE CONVERSION

AIM: To write an assembly language program to convert BCD data to binary and binary to BCD using 8085 Microprocessor kit. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1 2 3 APPARATUS 8085 Microprocessor Kit Power Supply Opcode Sheet QUANTITY 1 1

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ALGORITHM FOR BCD TO BINARY CONVERSION: 1. Get the BCD data in A register and save in E register. 2. Mark the lower units of BCD data in A register. 3. Rotate the upper units to lower units position and save in B register. 4. Clear the accumulator. 5. Move 0AH to C register. 6. Decrement C register. 7. If zf=0, go to the previous step. 8. Add B register to A register. 9. Save the product in B register. 10. Get the BCD data in A register from E register and mark the upper nibble. 11. Add the units in A register with the product in B register. 12. Store the binary value in A register. 13.Stop the program.

FLOW CHART FOR BCD TO BINARY CONVERSION:

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PROGRAM FOR BCD TO BINARY CONVERSION:

MEMORY ADDRESS 4100 4103 4104 4106 4107 4108 410A 410B 410C 410D 410E 410F 4111 4112 4113 4114 4117 4118

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPCODE

COMMENTS

START

LXI H, 5100H MOV A,M ANI 0F MOV B,A MOV A,M ANI F0 RRC RRC RRC RRC MOV D, A MVI E, 0A XRA A

21,00,51 7E E6,0F 47 7E E6,F0 0F 0F 0F 0F 57 1E,0A AF 83 15 C2,12,41 80 32,01,51

MULT

ADD E DCR D JNZ MULT ADD B STA 5101H

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411B HLT 76

ALGORITHM FOR BINARY TO BCD CONVERSION:

1. Initialize memory pointer to store BCD numbers. 2. Move data to accumulator. 3. Mark the most significant nibble. 4. Store it in B register. 5. Move the divider to C register. 6. Call division sub routine. 7. Store the result in the memory location mentioned. 8. Move the divider to C register. 9. Store the result. 10. End the program.

ALGORITHM FOR DIVISION SUBROUTINE: 1. Move ff to B register. 2. Count number of 100s, 10s and 1s. 3. Subtract this from the content of C register. 4. If carry=1, then extract the remainder.

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FLOW CHART FOR BINARY TO BCD CONVERSION:

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PROGRAM FOR BINARY TO BCD CONVERSION:

MEMORY LOCATION 4200 4202 4203 4206 4208 420B 420D 420E 4211 4213 4216 4217 4218 4219 421C

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPCODE

COMMENTS

START

MVI E, 00H MOV D, E LDA 4300H

1E,00 53 3A,00,43 FE,64 DA,11,42 D6,64 1C C3,06,42 FE,0A DA,1C,42 D6,0A

HUND

CPI 64H JC TEN SUI 64H INR E JMP HUND

TEN

CPI 0AH JC UNIT SUI 0A

INR D JMP TEN UNIT MOV C,A

14 C3,11,42 4F

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421D 421E MOV A, D RLC 7A 07

MEMORY LOCATION 421F 4220 4221 4222 4223 4226 4227 422A

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPCODE

COMMENTS

RLC RLC RLC ADD C STA 4301H MOV A, E STA 4302H HLT

07 07 07 81 32,01,43 7B 32 76

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FLOW CHART FOR DIVISION SUBROUTINE:

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DATA CHECK MAP FOR BCD TO BINARY CONVERSION:

MEMORY LOCATION

DATA 1

DATA 2

INPUT OUTPUT

5100H 5101H

DATA CHECK MAP FOR BINARY TO BCD CONVERSION:

MEMORY LOCATION

DATA 1

DATA 2

INPUT

4300H

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OUTPUT 4301H 4302H

RESULT: Thus the conversion from BCD to Binary and Binary to BCD were obtained.

ADC INTERFACING AIM: To interface DAC with 8085 and get the digital output. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1

ALGORITHM: 1. Apply Control word for port A as input, Port B and Port C as Output 2. Out it in control register. 3. Make write pin high. 4. Port C is enabled for output. 5. Conversion is obtained using subroutine.

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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS 8500

LABEL

MNEMONICS MVI A, 90 H

OPCOCDE 3E, 90

COMMENTS Control word for A as input, B and C aS Output Out it in control reg

8502 8505 8507

STA 40F3 MVI A, FFH STA 40F2

32,F3,40 Make write pin high 3E, FF Port C is enabled for output 32,F2,40

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850A 850C 850F 8511 8514 8517 851A 851B 851D 51F 8520 8521 8522 8523 8524 8525 8528 8529 852C MVI A, 00H STA 40F2 MVI A, FFH STA 40F2 CALL 851B LDA 40F0 RST 1 MOV B,OF MVI A,FF NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP DCR A JNZ 851F DCR A JNZ 851D RET 3E, 00 32,F2,40 3E, FF 32,F2,40 CD,86,00 3A,F0,40 CF 06,0F 3E, FF 00 00 00 00 00 3D C2,1F,85 3D C2,1F,85 C9 Return to main program in out Delay routine End of conversion port A as input Break point Delay count Start of conversion

FLOWCHART:

Start Control word for port A as input, Port B and Port C as Output

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Out it in control register.

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RESULT: Thus the analog to digital conversion is obtained using 8085 microprocessor.

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IV. INTERFACING DAC WITH 8085 PROCESSOR

AIM: To interface DAC with 8085 to demonstrate the generation of square, saw tooth and Triangular wave. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085Trainer Kit DAC Interface Board THEORY: DAC 0800 is an 8-bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between -5V and 5V.The output voltage varies in steps of 10/256=0.04(appx.).The digital data input and The corresponding output voltages are presented in the Table below. Input Data in HEX 00 01 02 7F FD FE 4.96 Output Voltage 5.00 4.96

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FF 5.00

Referring toTable1, with 00 H as input to DAC, the analog output is -5 V.Similarly, With FF H input, the output is +5V.Outputting digital data 00 and FF at regular intervals, to DAC, results in different waveforms namely square, triangular, etc, the port address of DAC is 08H.

ALGORITHM: (a) Square Wave Generation 1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC 2. Call the delay program 3. Load the final value (FF)to accumulator and move it to DAC 4. Call the delay program. 5. Repeat Steps 2 to 5

(b) Saw tooth Wave Generation 1.Load the initial value(00) to Accumulator 2.Move the accumulator content to DAC 3.Increment the accumulator content by 1. 4.Repeat Steps 3 and 4.

(c) Triangular Wave Generation 1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator 2. Move the accumulator content to DAC 3. Increment the accumulator content by1. 4. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step3.

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5. Load value (FF) to Accumulator 6. Move the accumulator content to DAC 7. Decrement the accumulator content by1. 8. If accumulator content is zero go to step2. Else go to step7.

PROGRAM: (a) Square Wave Generation

ADDRESS

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPCODE

COMMENTS

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8000 8002 8004 8007 8009 800B 800E 8011 8013 8015 8016 8019 DCR B 801A JNZ L1 801D RET 05 C2,11,80 C9 DELAY L1 L2 START MVI A, 00 OUT Port address of DAC CALL DELAY MVI A, FF OUT Port address of DAC CALL DELAY JMP START MVI B, 05 MVI C, FF DCR C JNZ L2 3E,00 D3,01 CD,0E,80 3E,FF D3,02 CD,0E,80 C3,00,80 3E,05 0E,FF 0D C2,13,80 Call the delay program Call the delay program Load the final value (FF)to accumulator and move it to DAC Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC

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(B) Saw tooth Wave Generation ADDRE SS 8020 8022 8023 8025 8026 JNZ L1 8029 802B 802C 802E 802F 8032 L2 MVI L, FF MOV A, L OUT Port address of DAC DCR L JNZ L2 JMP START LABEL START L1 MNEMONICS MVI L, 00 MOV A, L OUT Port address of DAC INR L OPCODE 2E,00 7D D3,01 2C C2,22,80 2E,FF 7D D3,02 2D C2,2B,80 C3,20,80 Move the accumulator content to DAC COMMENTS Load the initial value(00) to Accumulator

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(c) Triangular Wave Generation

ADDRESS 8040 8042 8044 8045

LABEL START L1

MNEMONICS MVI A, 00 OUT Port address of DAC INR A

OPCOD E 3E,00 D3,01 3C C2,42,80

COMMENTS Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator

JNZ L1 8048 JMP START C3,40,80

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FLOW CHART FOR SQUARE WAVE FORM

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FLOW CHART FOR TRIANGULAR WAVE FORM

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FLOW CHART FOR SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM :

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RESULT: Thus the square, triangular and saw tooth waveform were generated by interfacing DAC with 8085 trainer kit.

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V. TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL INTERFACING AIM:

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To control traffic light using 8085 microprocessor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085 Microprocessor kit with traffic light interfacing. ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize 8255, port A and port B in output mode 2. Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2. 3. Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4. 4. Load multiplier count (40) for delay. 5. Call delay subroutine. 6. Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2. 7. Send data on PB to glow Y3 and Y4. 8. Load multiplier count (10) for delay. 9. Call delay subroutine. 10. Send data on PA to glow G1 and G2. 11. Send data on PB to glow R3 and R4. 12. Load multiplier count (40) for delay. 13. Call delay subroutine. 14. Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2. 15. Send data on PA to glow Y3 and Y4. 16. Load multiplier count (10) for delay. 17. Call delay subroutine

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FLOWCHART: Start

Initialize 8255, port A and port B

Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2. Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4.

Call delay subroutine

Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2. Send data on PB to glow Y3 and Y4.

Call delay subroutine

Send data on PA to glow G1 and G2. Send data on PB to glow R3 and R4. Call delay subroutine

Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2. Send data on PA to glow Y3 and Y4. Call delay subroutine

End

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PROGRAM: Source program: ADDRESS LABEL 8000 8002 8004 8006 8008 800A 800C 800E 8011 8013 8015 8017 8019 801C 801E 8020 8022 8024 START MNEMONICS MVI A, 80 H OUT 83H(CR) MVI A,09H OUT 80H(PA) MVI A,24H OUT 81H(PB) MVI C,28H CALL DELAY MVI A, 12H OUT (81H) PA OUT (81H) PB MVI C,OAH CALL DELAY MVI A,24H OUT (80H) PA MVI A, 09H OUT (81H) PB MVI C,28H OPCODE 3E,80 D3,83 3E,09 D3,80 3E,24 D3,81 0E,28 CD,40,80 3E,12 D3,81 D3,81 0E,0A CD,40,80 3E,24 D3,80 3E,09 D3,81 0E,28 Send data on PB to glow R3 and R4 Load multiplier count (40) for Send data on PA to glow G1 and G2 Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2 Send data on PB to glow Y3 and Y4 Load multiplier count (10) for delay Call delay subroutine Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4 Load multiplier count (40) for delay Call delay subroutine Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2 COMMENTS Initialize 8255, port A and port B in output mode

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8026 8029 802B 802D 802F 803B 803F CALL DELAY MVI A, 12H OUT PA OUT PB MVI C,OAH CALL DELAY JMP START CD,40,80 3E,12 D3,80 D3,81 0E,0A CD,40,80 C3,04,80 Send data on PA to glow Y1 and Y2 Send data on PA to glow Y3 and Y4 Load multiplier count (10) for delay Call delay subroutine delay Call delay subroutine

Delay subroutine:

ADDRESS 8040 8043 8044 8045 8046 8049 804A 804D

LABEL DELAY BACK

MNEMONICS LXI D,COUNT DCX D MOV A,D ORA E JNZ BACK DCR C JNZ DELAY RET

OPCODE 11,XXXX 1B 7A B3 C2,43,80 0D C2,40,80 C9

COMMENTS Load the count to give 0.5 sec delay Decrement counter

Check whether count is 0 If not zero, repeat Check if multiplier zero, otherwise repeat

Return to main program

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TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL:

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RESULT: Thus traffic light control is obtained using 8085 microprocessor

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VI. STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL AIM: To write a program to rotate stepper motor in clockwise direction to 90 degree. APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8085 Microprocessor kit (ii) Stepper motor interfacing (iii) Power supply. ALGORITHM: 1. Move the data 60 to accumulator. 2. Move data count 90 degree to E register. 3. Send the accumulator to the input. 4. Wait for some delay. 5. Decrement the count. 6. Stop execution.

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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS 8020 8022 8024 8026 8029 802A 802B 802E 8030 8032 8034 8035 8038 8039 803C

LABEL

MNEMONICS MVIA, 66 MVIE,50 OUT CO CALL DELAY RLC D CR E JNZ 8024 HLT

OPCOCDE 3E,66 1E,50 D3,C0 CD,30,80 07 1D C2,24,80 76 0E,03 06,FF 05

COMMENTS Move initial data to accumulator Move number count Set it port 1 Wait for delay Repeat left to accumulator` Repeat count to 0 Repeat until zero Stop execution Move other count Decrement inner count Decrement B register Repeat until 0

DELAY

MVI C, 03 MVI B,FF DCR B JNZ 8034 DCR C JNZ 8032 RET

C2,34,80 Decrement other loop 0D Repeat until 0 C3,32,80 Return C9

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STEPPER MOTOR:

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STEPPER MOTOR: Start

Initialize ports

Set count for four stepping sequence

Output data for a sequence

Wait for one ms

Decrement the count

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Is count =0?

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NO YES

RESULT: Thus the program to rotate stepper motor in clockwise direction of 90 degree.

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VII (a). USART ( 8251) AIM: To write ALP to interface the universal synchronous asynchronous receiver and transmitter using 8085 microprocessor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8085 microprocessor (ii) Power supply (iii) 8251 interfacing card

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ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize the serial port controller. 2. Get data from serial port 3. Transmit the byte serial port 4. Receive the byte from serial port.

Start TRASMIITTING MESSAGE Initialize memory pointer Initialize character counter

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Initialize 8251

Read status

Is transmitter ready?

NO

YES Send character to transmitter

Increment memory pointer

Decrement counter

Is counter=0? NO

End YES

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RECEIVER 8251 Start

Initialize memory pointer Initialize character counter

Initialize 8251

Read status

NO

Is receiver ready?

Read and save the character transmitter

Increment memory pointer

Decrement counter

NO

Is counter=0?

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End

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YES

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PROGRAM: Look back test of 8251: ADDRESS 8000 8003 8005 8007 800A 800C 800D 8010 8013 8014 8017 8018 801A 801C 801D 8020 LABEL MNEMONICS CALL 8331 IN 01 ANI, 07H JZ INZ 00 MOV B,A CALL 8350 CALL 8346 CHP B JNZ PUSH PSW MVI A, 90 H OUT 01 POP PSW CALL 835C JHP OPCOCDE CD,31,83 DB,01 E6,07 CA, COMMENTS

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Initialize serial port controller: ADDRESS 8331 8333 8335 8337 8339 833B 833D 833E 8341 8343 8345 Retrieve a byte from serial byte 8346 8348 834A 834D 834F Transmit a byte to serial port 8350 8351 8353 PUSH PSW IN 41 ANI 01 F5 DB 41 E6,01 LABEL MNEMONICS MVI A, 00H OUT 41 OUT 41 OUT 41 MVI A, 40H OUT 41 MVI A, 4FH OUT 41 MVI A, 31H OUT 41 RET OPCOCDE 3E,00 D3,41 D3,41 D3,41 3E,40 D3,41 3E,4F D3,41 3E,31 D3,41 C9 COMMENTS Move immediate data to Acc. Display Display Display Move immediate data to Acc. Display Move immediate data to Acc. Display Move immediate data to Acc. Display Return

IN 41 ANI 02 JZ IN 40 RET

DB 41 E6,02 CA

INPUT And immediate data of 02 Jump on 0 input

DB,40 return C9

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8355 8358 8359 835B JZ POP PSW OUT 40 RET CA F1 D3,40 C9

RESULT: Thus the transmission and reception byte is achieved serially by interfacing 8085 with USART.

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VII (b) INTERFACING 8085 WITH 8279 AIM: To write the program to show the LED segment in 8279 by interfacing 8085 with 8279.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8085 microprocessor (ii) Power supply

(iii) Keyboard (iv) 8279 interfacing card. ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Get the Hex code at the memory location 809, 800B,8011,8015 3. State results interfacing card 0123. 4. Stop the execution

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPCOCDE COMMENTS

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8000 8002 8004 8006 8008 800A 800C 800E 8010 8012 8014 8016 8018 801B DELAY MVIA, 00 OUT C2 MVIA, 90 OUT C2 MVIA, 3F OUT C0 MVIA, 06 OUT C0 MVIA, 5B OUT C0 MVIA, 4F OUT C0 JMP 8018 HLT 3E,00 D3,C2 3E,90 D3,C2 3E,3F D3,C0 3E,06 D3,C0 3E,5B D3,C0 3E,4F D3,C0 C3,18,80 76 Initialize accumulator output from accumulator move immediate data to accumulator output data from accumulator move immediate data to accumulator output data from accumulator move immediate data to accumulator output data from accumulator move immediate data to accumulator output data from accumulator move immediate data to accumulator output data from accumulator Jump to specify address End of program

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FLOWCHART:

Start

Initialize keyboard /display of 8279

Initialize prescaler count

Initialize 8279 in display RAM writ mode

Get 7 segment code

Write 7 segment code in display RAM

Decrement the count

NO

Is count =0?

yes Start

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RESULT: Thus the LED segment display in 8279 by interfacing with 8085 was performed and verified.

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VII. (C). TIMER USING 8254

AIM: To write a program for interfacing the 8253 with 8085 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8085 microprocessor (ii) Power supply (iii) 8254 interfacing card ALGORITHM: 1. Move the content of word to Accumulator. 2. Move data to accumulator. 3. Move maximum content in acc to display in it output. 4. Move maximum count in operation 5. Stop execution.

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FLOW CHART:

Start Initialize counter 0 of 8254 in square wave mode

Load desired count in count register of counter 0

Initialize internal counters with 0

Initialize hours, minutes and seconds with 0

End

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS 8000 8002 8004 8006 8008 800A 800C LABEL MNEMONICS MVI A, 30 H OUT 43 MVI A, FFH OUT 40 MVI A, FFH OUT 40 HLT OPCOCDE 3E, 30 D3,43 3E,FF D3,40 3E,FF D3,40 76 COMMENTS Move immediate data to Acc. Send the data from acc to port Move immediate data to Acc. Send the data from acc to port Move immediate data to Acc. Send the data from acc to port End the program

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RESULT:

Thus the program for interfacing 8354 with 8085 microprocessor was performed.

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VIII (a)16 BIT DATA ADDITION AIM: To add two 16-bit numbers stored at consecutive memory locations. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1 ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. Initialize memory pointer to data location. Get the first number from memory and store in Register pair. Get the second number in memory and add it to the Register pair. Store the sum & carry in separate memory locations.

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FLOW CHART:

START [L] [H] [DE] [8050 H] [8051 H] [HL]

[L] [H] [A]

[8052H] [8053H] 00H

[HL]

[HL]+[DE]

Is there a Carry?
YES

NO

[A]

[A]+1

[8054]

[ L]

[8055]

[H]

[8056]

[A]

STOP

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS 8000 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 8007 8008 8009 OPCODE 2A 50 80 EB 2A 52 80 3E 00 19 DAD D Add the contents of HL Pair with that of DE pair. 800A 800B 800C 800D D2 0E 80 1C INR A Otherwise increment reg. A Store the content of HL Pair in 8054H(LSB of sum) JNC LOOP If there is no carry, go to the instruction labeled LOOP. MVI A, 00H Initialize reg. A for carry XCHG LHLD 8052H Load the addend in HL pair. LABEL START MNEMONICS LHLD OPERAND 8050H COMMENT Load the augend in DE pair through HL pair.

800E 800F 8010 8011 8012

22 54 80 32 56

LOOP

SHLD

8054H

STA

8056H

Store the carry in 8056H through Acc.

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8013 8014 80 76 HLT (MSB of sum). Stop the program.

OBSERVATION:

INPUT ADDRESS 8050H 8051H 8052H 8053H DATA ADDRESS 8054H 8055H 8056H

OUTPUT DATA

RESULT: Thus an ALP program for 16-bit addition was written and executed in 8085 p using special instructions.

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VIII.(b). 16 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION AIM: To subtract two 16-bit numbers stored at consecutive memory locations. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1

ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Initialize memory pointer to data location. Get the subtrahend from memory and transfer it to register pair. Get the minuend from memory and store it in another register pair. Subtract subtrahend from minuend. Store the difference and borrow in different memory locations.

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FLOW CHART:

START

[L] [H]

[8050 H] [8051 H]

[DE]

[HL]

[L] [H]

[8052H] [8053H]

[HL]

[HL]-[DE]

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Is there a borrow?

YES

[C]

[C]+1
NO

[8054]

[ L]

[8055]

[H]

[8056]

[C]

STOP

PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMO NICS 8000 8002 8005 8006 0E,00 2A,50,80 EB 2A,52,80 START MVI LHLD XCHG LHLD 8052H Load the minuend in HL reg. Pair. Move the content of reg. L to Acc. OPER AND C, 00 8050H Initialize C reg. Load the subtrahend in DE reg. Pair through HL reg. pair. COMMENTS

8009

7D

MOV

A, L

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800A 93 SUB E Subtract the content of reg. E from that of acc. Move the content of Acc. to reg. L Move the content of reg. H to Acc. Subtract content of reg. D with that of Acc. Transfer content of acc. to reg. H Store the content of HL pair in memory location 8504H. If there is borrow, go to the instruction labeled NEXT. Increment reg. C Transfer the content of reg. C to Acc. Store the content of acc. to the memory location 8506H Stop the program execution.

800B

6F

MOV

L, A

800C

7C

MOV

A, H

800D

9A

SBB

800E

67

MOV

H, A

800F

22,54,80

SHLD

8054H

8012

D2,16,80

JNC

NEXT

8015 8016

0C 79 NEXT

INR MOV

C A, C

8017

32,56,80

STA

8056H

801A

76

HLT

OBSERVATION: INPUT OUTPUT

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ADDRESS 8050H 8051H 8052H 8053H RESULT: Thus an ALP program for subtracting two 16-bit numbers was written and executed. DATA ADDRESS 8054H 8055H 8056H DATA

VIII .(c).16 BIT MULTIPLICATION AIM:

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To multiply two 16 bit numbers and store the result in memory. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1

ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. Get the multiplier and multiplicand. Initialize a register to store partial product. Add multiplicand, multiplier times. Store the result in consecutive memory locations.

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FLOWCHART: START L H SP [8050] [8051] HL

L H DE

[8052] [8053] HL

HL BC HL

0000 0000 HL+SP

NO

Is Carry flag set? YES BC BC+1

DE

DE+1

NO

Is Zero flag set?

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A

[8054] [8055]

L H

[8056] [8057]

C B

STOP

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PROGRAM:

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ADDRE SS 8000 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 8007 8008 8009 800A 800B 800C 800D 800E 800F 8010 8011 8012 8013 8014 8015 8016 8017 8018 8019 801A 801B 801C 801D 801E 801F 8020 8021 8022 8023 8024 OPCODE 2A 50 80 F9 2A 52 80 EB 21 00 00 01 00 00 39 D2 13 80 03 1B 7B B2 C2 0E 80 22 54 80 79 32 56 80 78 32 57 80 76 LABEL START MNEMO NICS LHLD OPERAND 8050 COMMENTS Load the first No. in stack pointer through HL reg. pair

SPHL LHLD

8052

Load the second No. in HL reg. pair & Exchange with DE reg. pair.

XCHG LXI

H, 0000H Clear HL & DE reg. pairs.

LXI

B, 0000H

LOOP

DAD JNC

SP NEXT

Add SP with HL pair. If there is no carry, go to the instruction labeled NEXT Increment BC reg. pair Decrement DE reg. pair. Move the content of reg. E to Acc. OR Acc. with D reg. If there is no zero, go to instruction labeled LOOP Store the content of HL pair in memory locations 8054 & 8055. Move the content of reg. C to Acc. Store the content of Acc. in memory location 8056. Move the content of reg. B to Acc. Store the content of Acc. in memory location 8056. Stop program execution

NEXT

INX DCX MOV ORA JNZ

B D A,E D LOOP

SHLD

8054

MOV STA

A, C 8056

MOV STA

A, B 8057

HLT

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OBSERVATION: INPUT ADDRESS 8050 8051 8052 8053 DATA OUTPUT ADDRESS 8054 8055 8056 8057 DATA

RESULT:

Thus the 16-bit multiplication was done in 8085p using repeated addition method.

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VIII (d). 16- BIT DIVISION AIM:

To divide two 16-bit numbers and store the result in memory using 8085 mnemonics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8085-Microprocessor kit -1

ALGORITHM: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Get the dividend and divisor. Initialize the register for quotient. Repeatedly subtract divisor from dividend till dividend becomes less than divisor. Count the number of subtraction which equals the quotient. Store the result in memory.

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FLOWCHART:

START

L H HL

[8051] [8052] DE

L H BC

[8050] [8051] 0000H

L; A L A

A- E

A A

H A- H- Borrow

BC

BC+ 1

NO

Is Carry flag set ?

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BC HL L H A

BC- 1 HL+DE [8054] [8055] C

[8056]

A B

[8057]

STOP

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEM ONICS LHLD XCHG LHLD 8050 Load the second No. in HL reg. pair & Exchange with DE reg. pair. Clear BC reg. pair. Move the content of reg. L to Acc. Subtract reg. E from that of Acc. Move the content of Acc to L. Move the content of reg. H Acc. Subtract reg. D from that of Acc. Move the content of Acc to H. Increment reg. Pair BC If there is no carry, go to the location labeled LOOP. Decrement BC reg. pair. Add content of HL and DE reg. pairs. Store the content of HL pair in 8054 & 8055. Move the content of reg. C to Acc. OPERA ND 8052 Load the first No. in stack pointer through HL reg. pair COMMENTS

8000 8003 8004

2A,52,80 EB 2A,50,80

START

8007 800A 800B 800C 800D 800E 800F 8010 8011

01,00,00 7F 93 6F 7C 9A 67 03 D2,0A,80 LOOP

LXI MOV SUB MOV MOV SBB MOV INX JNC

B, 0000H A, L E L, A A, H D H, A B LOOP

8014 8015 8016

0B 19 22,54,80

DCX DAD SHLD

B D 8054

8019

79

MOV

A, C

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801A 801D 801E 8021 32,56,80 78 32,57,80 76 STA MOV STA HLT 8056 A, B 8057 Store the content of Acc. in memory 8056 Move the content of reg. B to Acc. Store the content of Acc. in memory 8057. Stop the program execution.

OBSERVATION: INPUT ADDRESS 8050 8051 8052 8053 DATA OUTPUT ADDRESS 8054 8055 8056 8057 DATA

RESULT: Thus the 16-bit Division was done in 8085p using repeated subtraction method.

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8051 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMS

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IX. (A) ADDITION OF TWO 8 - BIT NUMBERS

AIM: To perform addition of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 instruction set. ALGORITHM: 1. Clear C-register for Carry 2. Get the data immediately. 3. Add the two data 4. Store the result in memory pointed by DPTR

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS ORG 4100 CLR C MOV A,#data1 ADD A,#data2 MOV DPTR,#4500 HERE: MOVX ,@DPTR,A SJMP HERE OPCODE COMMENTS

FLOWCHART:

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OBSERVATION:

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Input: 66 23

Output:

89(4500)

RESULT: Thus the program to perform addition of two 8-bitnumbers using 8051 instruction set was executed.

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IX. (B) SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 - BIT NUMBERS

AIM: To perform Subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 instruction set.

ALGORITHM: 1. Clear C-register for Carry 2. Get the data immediately. 3. Subtract the two data 4. Store the result in memory pointed by DPTR

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS LABEL

MNEMONICS ORG 4100 CLR C MOV A, #data1 SUBB A, #data2 MOV DPTR, #4500 MOVX @DPTR, A

OPCODE COMMENTS

HERE

SJMP HERE

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FLOWCHART:

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OBSERVATION:

Input:

66 23

Output:

43(4500)

RESULT:

Thus the program to perform subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 instruction Set was executed.

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IX (C)MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8 - BIT NUMBERS

AIM: To perform multiplication of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 instruction set.

ALGORITHM: 1. Get the data in A-reg. 2. Get the value to be multiplied in B-reg. 3. Multiply the two data 4. The higher order of the result is in B-reg. 5. The lower order of the result is in A-reg. 6. Store the results.

PROGRAM:

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ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS ORG 4100 CLR C MOV A,#data1 MOV B,#data2 MUL AB MOV DPTR,#4500 MOVX @DPTR,A INC DPTR MOV @DPTR,A MOVX A,B HERE SJMP HERE OPCODE COMMENTS

OBSERVATION:

Input:

80 80

Output:

00(4500) 19(4501)

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RESULT:

Thus the program to perform multiplication of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 Instruction set was executed.

IX (D) DIVISION OF TWO 8 - BIT NUMBERS

AIM: To perform division of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 instruction set. ALGORITHM: 1. Get the data in A-reg. 2. Get the value to be divided in B-reg. 3. Divide the two data

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4. The quotient is in A-reg. 5. The remainder is in B-reg. 6. Store the results.

PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNENONICS ORG4100 CLR C MOV A,#data1 MOV B,#data2 DIV AB MOV DPTR,#4500 MOVX @DPTR,A INC DPTR MOV A,B HERE MOV@DPTR,A SJMP HERE OPCODE COMMENTS

OBSERVATION:

Input:

05

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03

Output:

01(4500) 02(4501)

RESULT:

Thus the program to perform division of two 8-bit numbers using 8051 Instruction set was executed.

X. KEY BOARD/DISPLAY INTERFACING

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AIM: To write a program for key board/display interfacing with 8051 microcontroller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8051 microcontroller (ii) Power supply

ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3 as inputs i.e. write 1to these pins. 2. Check if all the keys are released by writing 0 to P1.4, P1.7 and check if all return lines are in state,1,. If No then wait. Call debounce. 3. Wait for key closure. Ground all scan lines by writing ,0, and then check if at least one of return li nes shows 0 level. Key pressed? No step 4. Yes step 5. 4. Call debounce. 5. Is key really pressed? (Ground all sacn lines by writing ,0, and then check if at least one of return lines shows 0 lev el) No step 4.Yes step 7. 6. Find key code and display the key pressed on 7 segment display. ( By Grounding one scan line at a time and checking for any line to go to 0 level). 7. Go to step 1.

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL BEG MNEMONICS MOV P1, #0FH MOV DPTR, #4000H AGA MOV A, #P1 ANL A, #0FH CJNE A, #0FH, AGA LCALL DELAY GO MOV A, #P1 ANL A, #0FH CJNE A, #0FH, GO LJMP AGAL LCALL DELAY MOV A, #P1 ANL A, #0FH CJNE A, #0FH, GOL LJMP AGAL GOL MOV R1, #01H MOV R0, #0EFH MOV R3, #04H AGA 3 MOV P1,R0 MOV A,P1 JNB .ACC.0, DISPLAY INC DPTR Initialize counter 1 Store word for column selection Initialize column counter Select only l column Get the status of return lines Check bit 0 and if it is 1 junp to display Is key pressed Call delay routine for key debounce Check for key presssed Check for key released Call delay routine for key debounce OPCO CDE COMMENTS Configure lower 4 lines of port1 as input Initialize dptr with lookup table address

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JNB .ACC.1, DISPLAY INC DPTR JNB .ACC.2, DISPLAY INC DPTR Increment lookup-table pointer Check bit 1 and if it is 1 junp to display Increment lookup-table pointer Check bit 2 and if it is 1 junp to display Increment lookup-table pointer

JNB .ACC.3, DISPLAY INC DPTR MOV A,R0 MOV R1,A MOV R0,A DJNZ R3, AGA 3 LJMP BEG END

Check bit 3 and if it is 1 junp to display Increment lookup-table pointer Get the word for column selection Select next column Store 4the word for column selection Check for last column If any key is not pressed scan again

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KEY BOARD/DISPLAY INTERFACING

RESULT: Thus the keyboard interfacing using 8051 was performed.

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XI. STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING WITH 8051 AIM: To interface a stepper motor with 8051 microcontroller and operate it. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 1. 8051-microcontroller kit and Stepper motor THEORY: A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular position is a stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a step-wise manner from one equilibrium position to the next. Stepper Motors are used very wisely in position control systems like printers, disk drives, process control machine tools, etc. The basic two-phase stepper motor consists of two pairs of stator poles. Each of the four poles has its own winding. The excitation of any one winding generates a North Pole. A South Pole gets induced at the diametrically opposite side. The rotor magnetic system has two end faces. It is a permanent magnet with one face as South Pole and the other as North Pole. The Stepper Motor windings A1, A2, B1, B2 are cyclically excited with a DC current to run the motor in clockwise direction. By reversing the phase sequence as A1, B2, A2, B1, anticlockwise stepping can be obtained. 2-PHASE SWITCHING SCHEME: In this scheme, any two adjacent stator windings are energized. The switching scheme is shown in the table given below. This scheme produces more torque. ANTICLOCKWISE STEP A1 A2 B1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 CLOCKWISE STEP A1 A2 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 1

B2 1 1 0

DATA 9h 5h 6h

B1 1 1 0

B2 0 0 1

DATA Ah 6h 5h

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4 1 0 1 0 Ah 4 1 0 0 1 9h

ADDRESS DECODING LOGIC: The 74138 chip is used for generating the address decoding logic to generate the device select pulses, CS1 & CS2 for selecting the IC 74175.The 74175 latches the data bus to the stepper motor driving circuitry. Stepper Motor requires logic signals of relatively high power. Therefore, the interface circuitry that generates the driving pulses use silicon darlington pair transistors. The inputs for the interface circuit are TTL pulses generated under software control using the Microcontroller Kit. The TTL levels of pulse sequence from the data bus is translated to high voltage output pulses using a buffer 7407 with open collector.

PROCEDURE: Enter the above program starting from location 4100.and execute the same. The stepper motor rotates. Varying the count at R4 and R5 can vary the speed. Entering the data in the look-up TABLE in the reverse vary direction of rotation. order can

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STEPPER MOTOR

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FLOWCHART:

Start

Initialize ports

Set count for four stepping sequence

Output data for a sequence

Wait for one ms

Decrement the count

Is count =0? YES

NO

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PROGRAM : ADDRE SS MNEMONICS

OPCODES

LABEL

COMMENTS

ORG 4100 START: MOV

4100h DPTR, #TABLE Load the start address of switching scheme data TABLE into Data Pointer (DPTR) Load the count in R0 Load the number in TABLE into A Push DPTR value to Stack

4103 4105 LOOP:

MOV MOVX

R0, #04 A, @DPTR

4106 4108 410A

PUSH PUSH MOV

DPH DPL DPTR, #0FFC0h

Load the Motor port address into DPTR Send the value in A to stepper Motor port address Delay loop to cause a specific amount of time delay before next data item is sent to the Motor

410D

MOVX

@DPTR, A

410E 4110 4112 DELAY: DELAY1 :

MOV MOV DJNZ

R4, #0FFh R5, #0FFh R5, DELAY1

4114 4116 4118 411A

DJNZ POP POP INC

R4, DELAY DPL DPH DPTR Increment DPTR to point to next item in the table Decrement R0, if not zero repeat the loop Short jump to Start of the program to make the motor rotate continuously POP back DPTR value from Stack

411B

DJNZ

R0, LOOP

411D

SJMP

START

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411F TABLE: DB 09 05 06 0Ah Values as per two-phase switching scheme

RESULT: Thus a stepper motor was interfaced with 8051 and run in forward and reverse directions at various speeds.

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XI (A) INTERFACING DAC WITH 8051 AIM: To interface DAC with 8051 parallel port to demonstrate the generation of square, Saw tooth and triangular wave. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8051Trainer Kit DAC Interface Board THEORY: DAC 0800 is an 8-bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between -5V and 5V.The output voltage varies in steps of 10/256=0.04(appx.).The digital data input and The corresponding output voltages are presented in the Table below

Input Data in HEX Output Voltage 00 01 02 7F 5.00 4.96

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FD FE FF 4.96 5.00

Referring to Table1,with 00 H as input to DAC, the analog output is -5 V. Similarly, With FF H as input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at regular intervals, to DAC , results in different waveforms namely square, triangular ,etc,.

ALGORITHM: (a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Square Wave Generation Move the port address of DAC to DPTR Load the initial value(00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC Call the delay program Load the final value(FF) to accumulator and move it to DAC Call the delay program. Repeat Steps 2 to 5 Saw tooth Wave Generation Move the port address of DAC to DPTR Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator Move the accumulator content to DAC Increment the accumulator content by 1. Repeat Steps 3 and 4.

(c) Triangular Wave Generation

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Move the port address of DAC to DPTR Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator Move the accumulator content to DAC Increment the accumulator content by 1. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step3. Load value(FF) to Accumulator Move the accumulator content to DAC Decrement the accumulator content by 1. If accumulator content is zero go to step 2. Else go to step 7.

PROGRAM:

a) Square Wave Generation

ADDRESS

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPCODE

COMMENTS

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ORG 4100 MOV DPTR,PORTADDRESSOFDAC MOV A,#00 START MOVX @DPTR,A LCALL DELAY MOV A,#FF MOVX @DPTR,A LCALL DELAY LJUMP START DELAY: LOOP: HERE MOV R1,#05 MOV R2,#FF DJNZ R2,HERE DJNZ R1,LOOP RET SJMP START

(b) Saw tooth Wave Generation

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ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS ORG 4100 MOV DPTR, PORT ADDRESS OF DAC MOV A,#00 LOOP MOVX @DPTR ,A INC A SJMP LOOP OPCODE COMMENTS

(c) Triangular Wave Generation ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS ORG 4100 MOV DPTR, PORT ADDRESS OF DAC START LOOP1 MOV A,#00 MOVX @DPTR ,A INC A JNZ LOOP1 MOV A,#FF LOOP2: MOVX @DPTR,A DEC A JNZ LOOP2 LJMP START OPCODE COMMENTS

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FLOWCHART:

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DAC INTERFACING

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RESULT: Thus the square, triangular and saw tooth waveform were generated by interfacing DAC with 8051 trainer kit.

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I(B) TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL INTERFACING

AIM: To control traffic light using 8051 microcontroller. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 8051 microcontroller kit with traffic light interfacing . ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize R0 to make P1.0 high. 2. Initialize R1 to make P1.1 high. 3. Initialize R2 to make P1.2 high. 4. Make P1.0 high. Wait for 20 seconds 5. Make P1.1 high. Wait for 5 seconds 6. Make P1.2 high. Wait for 20 seconds 7. Make P1.1 high. Wait for 5 seconds. 8. Jump to start.

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PROGRAM: ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS MOV R0, #01H MOV R1, #02H MOV R2, #04H MOV P1, R0 Wait for 20 seconds LCALL DELAY1 Make P1.1 high MOV P1, R1 Wait for 5 seconds LCALL DELAY2 Make P1.2 high MOV P1, R2 Wait for 20 seconds LCALL DELAY1 Make P1.1 high MOV P1, R1 Wait for 5 seconds. LCALL DELAY2 Jump to start. LJMP START OPCOCDE COMMENTS Initialize R0 to make P1.0 high. Initialize R1 to make P1.1 high. Initialize R2 to make P1.2 high. Make P1.0 high

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TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL:

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RESULT: Thus traffic light control using 8051 microcontroller was performed

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XI (C) 8051 SERIAL PORT COMMUNICATION AIM: To write assembly language program to receive bytes serially with baud rate 9600, 8-bit data and 1 stop bit. Simultaneously sent received bytes to port2. APPARATUS REQUIRED: (i) 8051 microcontroller (ii) Power supply ALGORITHM: 1. Load the TMOD register with the value 20H to use timer 1 in mode 2 to set the baud rate. 2. Load TH1 to set the desire baud rate for serial data transfer. 3. Load SCON register with the value 50 H to use serial mode 1, where an 8-bit data is framed with start and stop bits. 4. Set TR1 to 1 to start timer 1. 5. Clear the RI with CLR RI instruction. 6. Check the RI flag bit with instruction JNB RI, XXXX to see if an entire character has been received yet. 7. If RI is set, SBUF has the byte. Save this byte. 8. Go to step 5 to receive the next character.

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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS

LABEL

MNEMONICS MOV TMOD, #20H MOV TH1, #FDH MOV SCON, #50H SETB TR1

OPCOCDE

COMMENTS Timer 1, mode 2 9600 baud rate 8-bit, 1-stop, REN enabled Start timer 1 Wait for character receive Completely Save the received character Sent character to port 2 Get ready to receive next byte Go to receive next character

HERE

JNB RI, HERE MOV A, SBUF MOV P2, A CLR RI SJMP HERE

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XI (C) 8051 SERIAL PORT COMMUNICATION

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RESULT: Thus the data was received in port 2 using 8051 serial port communication.

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