3-

72

Problems and Solutions from Section 3.9 (3.57-3.64)

3.57*. Numerically integrate and plot the response of an underdamped system
determined by m = 100 kg, k = 1000 N/m, and c = 20 kg/s, subject to the initial
conditions of x0 = 0 and v0 = 0, and the applied force F(t) = 30(t -1). Then plot the
exact response as computed by equation (3.17). Compare the plot of the exact solution to
the numerical simulation.
Solution: First the solution is presented in Mathcad:

The Matlab code to provide similar plots is given next:

3%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #57
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 15];
[t,x]=ode45('prob57a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #57');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
m=100;
c=20;
k=1000;
F=30;
w=sqrt(k/m);
d=c/(2*w*m);
wd=w*sqrt(1-d^2);
to=1;
phi=atan(d/sqrt(1-d^2));
%for t<to
t=linspace(0,1,3);
x=0.*t;
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t>=to
t=linspace(1,15);
x=F/k-F/(k*sqrt(1-d^2)).*exp(-d.*w.*(t-to)).*cos(wd.*(t-to)-phi);
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%M-file for Prob #50
function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=100;
c=20;
k=1000;
F=30;
if t<1
dx==0;
else
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)=-c/m*x(2) - k/m*x(1) + F/m;
end

73

3-

74

3.58*. Numerically integrate and plot the response of an underdamped system

determined by m = 150 kg, and k = 4000 N/m subject to the initial conditions of x0 = 0.01
m and v0 = 0.1 m/s, and the applied force F(t) = F(t) = 15(t -1), for various values of the
damping coefficient. Use this program to determine a value of damping that causes the
transient term to die out with in 3 seconds. Try to find the smallest such value of
damping remembering that added damping is usually expensive.
Solution: First the solution is given in Mathcad followed by the equivalent Matlab code.

A value of c = 710 kg/s will do the job.

3%Vibrations
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #51
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0.01;0];
tspan=[0 15];
[t,x]=ode45('prob51a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #51');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
m=150;
c=0;
k=4000;
F=15;
w=sqrt(k/m);
d=c/(2*w*m);
wd=w*sqrt(1-d^2);
to=1;
phi=atan(d/sqrt(1-d^2));

%for t<to
t=linspace(0,1,10);
x0=0.01;
v0=0;
A=sqrt(v0^2+(x0*w)^2)/w;
theta=pi/2;
x=A.*sin(w.*t + theta);
plot(t,x,'*')
%for t>=to
t=linspace(1,15);
x2=F/k-F/(k*sqrt(1-d^2)).*exp(-d.*w.*(t-to)).*cos(wd.*(t-to)-phi);
x1=A.*sin(w.*t + theta);
x=x1+x2;
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions

75

3%M-file for Prob #51

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=150;
c=0;
k=4000;
F=15;

if t<1
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)=-c/m*x(2)- k/m*x(1);
else
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)=-c/m*x(2) - k/m*x(1)+ F/m;
end

76

3-

3.59*. Solve Example 3.3.2, Figure 3.9 by numerically integrating rather then using
analytical expressions, and plot the response.
Solution: Both Mathcad and Matlab solutions follow:

%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #53
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution

77

3x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 10];
[t,x]=ode45('prob53a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #53');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, mm');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
t1=0.2;
t2=0.6;
%for t<to
t=linspace(0,t1);
x=2.5*t-4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t1<t<t2
t=linspace(t1,t2);
x=0.75 - 1.25.*t + 6.84.*sin(0.548*(t-t1))- 4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t2<t
t=linspace(t2,10);
x=6.84.*sin(0.548.*(t-t1))-2.28.*sin(0.548.*(t-t2))4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%M-file for Prob #52
function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=1;
c=10;
k=1000;
Y=0.05;
wb=3;
a=c*Y*wb;
b=k*Y;
alpha=atan(b/a);
AB=sqrt(a^2+b^2)/m;
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)=-c/m*x(2)- k/m*x(1)+ a/m*cos(wb*t) + b/m*sin(wb*t);

78

3-

3.60*. Numerically simulate the response of the system of Problem 3.21 and plot the
response.
Solution: The solution in Matlab is
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #53
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 10];
[t,x]=ode45('prob53a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #53');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, mm');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
t1=0.2;
t2=0.6;
%for t<to
t=linspace(0,t1);
x=2.5*t-4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t1<t<t2
t=linspace(t1,t2);
x=0.75 - 1.25.*t + 6.84.*sin(0.548*(t-t1))- 4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t2<t
t=linspace(t2,10);
x=6.84.*sin(0.548.*(t-t1))-2.28.*sin(0.548.*(t-t2))4.56.*sin(0.548.*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions

79

3%M-file for Prob #53

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=5000;
k=1.5e3;
ymax=0.5;
F=k*ymax;
t1=0.2;
t2=0.6;
if t<t1
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1)+ F/m*(t/t1);
elseif t<t2 & t>t1
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1)+ F/(2*t1*m)*(t2-t);
else
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1);
end

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3-

3.61*. Numerically simulate the response of the system of Problem 3.18 and plot the
response.
Solution: The solution in Matlab is
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #54
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 10];
[t,x]=ode45('prob54a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #54');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
to=4;
%for t<to
t=linspace(0,to);
x=5*(t-sin(t));
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t>=to
t=linspace(to,10);
x=5*(sin(t-to)-sin(t))+20;
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%M-file for Prob #54

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=1;
k=1;
F=20;

81

3to=4;
if t<to
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1)+ F/m*(t/to);
else
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1)+ F/m;
end

82

3-

83

3.62*. Numerically simulate the response of the system of Problem 3.19 for a 2 meter
concrete wall with cross section 0.03 m2 and mass modeled as lumped at the end of 1000
kg. Use F0 = 100 N, and plot the response for the case t0 =0.25 s.
Solution The solution in Matlab is:
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #3.62
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 0.5];
[t,x]=ode45('prob55a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #55');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
m=1000;
E=3.8e9;
A=0.03;
l=2;
k=E*A/l;
F=100;
w=sqrt(k/m);
to=0.25;

%for t<to
t=linspace(0,to);
x=F/k*(1-cos(w*t))+ F/(to*k)*(1/w*sin(w*t)-t);
plot(t,x,'*');
%for t>=to
t=linspace(to,0.5);
x=-F/k*cos(w*t)- F/(w*k*to)*(sin(w*(t-to))-sin(w*t));
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%M-file for Prob #3.62

3-

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=1000;
E=3.8e9;
A=0.03;
l=2;
k=E*A/l;
F=100;
w=sqrt(k/m);
to=0.25;

if t<to
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1) + F/m*(1-t/to);
else
dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1);
end

84

33.63*. Numerically simulate the response of the system of Problem 3.20 and plot the
response.
Solution The solution in Matlab is:
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #56
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0;0];
tspan=[0 2];
[t,x]=ode45('prob56a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #56');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
t=linspace(0,2);
x=0.5*t-0.05*sin(10*t);
plot(t,x,'*');
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')

%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%M-file for Prob #56

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=1;
k=100;
F=50;

dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= - k/m*x(1) + F/m*(t);

85

3-

86

3-

87

3.64*. Compute and plot the response of the system of following system using numerical
integration:
! + 1500x(t) = 20sin 25t + 10sin15t + 20sin 2t
10!!
x(t) + 20 x(t)
with initial conditions of x0 = 0.01 m and v0 = 1.0 m/s.
Solution The solution in Matlab is:
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Numerical Solutions
%Problem #57
clc
clear
close all
%Numerical Solution
x0=[0.01;1];
tspan=[0 5];
[t,x]=ode45('prob57a',tspan,x0);
figure(1)
plot(t,x(:,1));
title('Problem #57');
xlabel('Time, sec.');
ylabel('Displacement, m');
hold on
%Analytical Solution
m=10;
c=20;
k=1500;
w=sqrt(k/m);
d=c/(2*w*m);
wd=w*sqrt(1-d^2);

Y1=0.00419;
ph1=3.04;
wb1=25;
Y2=0.01238;
ph2=2.77;
wb2=15;
Y3=0.01369;
ph3=0.0268;
wb3=2;
A=0.1047;
phi=0.1465;

3x=A.*exp(-d*w.*t).*sin(wd*t+phi)+ Y1.*sin(wb1*t-ph1) + Y2*sin(wb2*tph2) + Y3*sin(wb3*t-ph3);

plot(t,x,'*')
legend('Numerical', 'Analytical')
%Clay
%Vibrations
%Solutions
%M-file for Prob #57

function dx=prob(t,x);
[rows, cols]=size(x);dx=zeros(rows, cols);
m=10;
c=20;
k=1500;

dx(1)=x(2);
dx(2)= -c/m*x(2) - k/m*x(1) + 20/m*sin(25*t) + 10/m*sin(15*t) +
20/m*sin(2*t) ;

88