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CHEMISTRY

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education

0620/32

Paper 3 (Extended)

October/November 2012
1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.

For Examiners Use

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

IB12 11_0620_32/2RP
UCLES 2012

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2
1

For
Examiners
Use

This question is concerned with the elements in Period 5, Rb to Xe.

(a) The electron distributions of some of these elements are given in the following list.
element A
element B
element C
element D
element E
element F

2 + 8 + 18 + 8 + 2
2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 8
2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 5
2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 6
2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 4
2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 7

(i) Identify element C. ............................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Which element in the list does not form any compounds?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Which element in the list forms a chloride of the type XCl 2?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv) Which two elements would react together to form a compound of the type XY4?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(v) Which element in the list would react with cold water to form an alkaline solution and
hydrogen?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Predict two differences in physical properties and two differences in chemical properties
between rubidium and the transition metal niobium.
physical .............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
chemical ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]

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2

For
Examiners
Use

The diagram shows a heating curve for a sample of compound X.

F
D

80

temperature / C

15

C
A
time

(a) Is X a solid, a liquid or a gas at room temperature, 20 C?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Write an equation for the equilibrium which exists in region BC.
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Name the change of state which occurs in region DE.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Explain how the curve shows that a pure sample of compound X was used.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]

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3

Many organic compounds which contain a halogen have chloro, bromo or iodo in their name.
(a) The following diagram shows the structure of 1-chloropropane.

Cl

(i) Draw the structure of an isomer of this compound.

[1]
(ii) Describe how 1-chloropropane could be made from propane.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) Suggest an explanation why the method you have described in (ii) does not produce
a pure sample of 1-chloropropane.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Organic halides react with water to form an alcohol and a halide ion.
CH3CH2I + H2O CH3CH2OH + I
(i) Describe how you could show that the reaction mixture contained an iodide ion.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Name the alcohol formed when 1-chloropropane reacts with water.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

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Examiners
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5
(c) The speed (rate) of reaction between an organic halide and water can be measured by
the following method.

For
Examiners
Use

A mixture of 10 cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate and 10 cm3 of ethanol is warmed to 60 C.

Drops of the organic halide are added and the time taken for a precipitate to form is
measured.
Silver ions react with the halide ions to form a precipitate of the silver halide.
Ag+(aq) + X(aq) AgX(s)
Typical results for four experiments, A, B, C and D, are given in the table.
experiment

organic halide

number of drops

time / min

bromobutane

bromobutane

chlorobutane

80

iodobutane

0.1

(i) Explain why it takes longer to produce a precipitate in experiment A than in B.

....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) How does the order of reactivity of the organic halides compare with the order of
reactivity of the halogens?
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) Explain why the time taken to produce a precipitate would increase if the experiments
were repeated at 50 C.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 15]

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6
4

Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, in the blast furnace.

waste gases

raw materials:
coke, C
limestone, CaCO3
hematite, Fe2O3

firebrick lining

air
slag
molten iron
(a) The temperature inside the blast furnace can rise to 2000 C.
Write an equation for the exothermic reaction which causes this high temperature.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Carbon monoxide is formed in the blast furnace. This reduces the ore hematite, Fe2O3,
to iron.
(i) Explain how carbon monoxide is formed in the blast furnace.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Write an equation for the reduction of hematite by carbon monoxide.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Explain why it is necessary to add limestone, calcium carbonate, to the blast furnace.
Include an equation in your explanation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]

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7
(d) Most of the iron from the blast furnace is converted into mild steel. A method of preventing
the steel from rusting is coating it with zinc.

For
Examiners
Use

(i) What is the name of this method of rust prevention?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Explain, using the idea of electron transfer, why zinc-coated steel does not rust even
when the coating is scratched and the steel is in contact with oxygen and water.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 12]

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8
5

The food additive E220 is sulfur dioxide. It is a preservative for a variety of foods and drinks.
(a) State two other uses of sulfur dioxide.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) How is sulfur dioxide manufactured?

...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Sulfur dioxide is a reductant (reducing agent). Describe what you would see when
aqueous sulfur dioxide is added to acidified potassium manganate(VII).
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Sulfur dioxide can also be made by the reaction between a sulfite and an acid.
Na2SO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
Excess hydrochloric acid was added to 3.15 g of sodium sulfite. Calculate the maximum
volume, measured at r.t.p., of sulfur dioxide which could be formed.
The mass of one mole of Na2SO3 is 126 g.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]

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9
6

During electrolysis, ions move in the electrolyte and electrons move in the external circuit.
Reactions occur at the electrodes.

For
Examiners
Use

(a) The diagram shows the electrolysis of molten lithium iodide.

external circuit

electrode

electrode

molten lithium iodide

heat
(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the electron flow in the
external circuit.
[1]
(ii) Electrons are supplied to the external circuit. How and where is this done?
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) Explain why solid lithium iodide does not conduct electricity but when molten it is a
good conductor.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The results of experiments on electrolysis are shown in the following table. Complete the
table. The first line has been done as an example.

electrolyte

electrodes

product at
cathode

product at
anode

change to
electrolyte

molten lithium iodide

carbon

lithium

iodine

used up

aqueous copper(II) sulfate

platinum

oxygen

concentrated aqueous
potassium chloride

carbon

chlorine
[4]

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10
(c) The diagram below shows the electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid. Hydrogen is formed at
the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen at the positive electrode (anode) and the
concentration of sulfuric acid increases.
+

carbon anode

carbon cathode
dilute sulfuric acid

bubbles of
oxygen gas

bubbles of
hydrogen gas

The ions present in the dilute acid are H+(aq), OH(aq) and SO42(aq).
(i) Write an equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode).
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Complete the equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode).
4OH(aq) O2(g) + .....H2O(l) + .......

[1]

(iii) Suggest an explanation of why the concentration of the sulfuric acid increases.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) In the apparatus used in (c), the power supply is removed and immediately replaced by
a voltmeter.
voltmeter
V
carbon anode

carbon cathode
dilute sulfuric acid

bubbles of
oxygen gas

bubbles of
hydrogen gas

A reading on the voltmeter shows that electrical energy is being produced. Suggest an
explanation for how this energy is produced.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 15]

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Examiners
Use

11
7

The alcohols form a homologous series. The first member of this series is methanol, CH3OH.

For
Examiners
Use

(a) (i) Give the general formula of the alcohols.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) The mass of one mole of an alcohol is 116 g. What is its formula?
Show your reasoning.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the outer (valency) electrons in one
molecule of methanol.
Use x to represent an electron from a carbon atom.
Use o to represent an electron from a hydrogen atom.
Use to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.

[3]

(b) Methanol is manufactured using the following method.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
CO(g) + 2H2(g)

CH3OH(g)

reaction 1
reaction 2

The conditions for reaction 2 are:

pressure
catalyst
temperature

100 atmospheres
a mixture of copper, zinc oxide and aluminium oxide
250 C

The forward reaction is exothermic.

(i) Why is high pressure used in reaction 2?
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

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(ii) Explain why using a catalyst at 250 C is preferred to using a higher temperature of
350 C and no catalyst.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Methanol is oxidised by atmospheric oxygen. This reaction is catalysed by platinum.

(i) The products of this reaction include a carboxylic acid. Give its name and structural
formula.
name .......................................................
structural formula showing all bonds

[2]
(ii) Deduce the name of the ester formed by the reaction of methanol with the carboxylic
acid named in (i).
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 14]

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Examiners
Use

13
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 UCLES 2012

Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

0620/32/O/N/12

Strontium

89

Key

72

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

88

Ac

Actinium

Ra

Radium

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

56

Barium

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

93

Np
Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

94

Pu
Plutonium

62

152

Eu

95

Am
Americium

63

Europium

78

Platinum

195

Pt

192

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

Ir

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

11

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

98

Cf
Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

14

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

N
8

Se

79

Sulfur

32

Oxygen

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

16

O
9

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

Hydrogen

VII

VI

He

IV

III

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

51

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

16

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