Cable Capacity:
For Cu Wire Current Capacity (Up to 30 Sq.mm) = 6X Size of Wire in Sq.mm
Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm=62.5=15 Amp, For 1 Sq.mm=61=6 Amp, For 1.5
Sq.mm=61.5=9 Amp
For Cable Current Capacity = 4X Size of Cable in Sq.mm ,Ex. For 2.5
Sq.mm=42.5=9 Amp.
Nomenclature for cable Rating = Uo/U
where Uo=Phase-Ground Voltage, U=Phase-Phase Voltage, Um=Highest Permissible
Voltage
Current Capacity of Equipments:
1 Phase Motor draws Current=7Amp per HP.
3 Phase Motor draws Current=1.25Amp per HP.
Full Load Current of 3 Phase Motor=HPx1.5
Full Load Current of 1 Phase Motor=HPx6
No Load Current of 3 Phase Motor =30% of FLC
KW Rating of Motor=HPx0.75
Full Load Current of equipment =1.39xKVA (for 3 Phase 415Volt)
Full Load Current of equipment =1.74xKw (for 3 Phase 415Volt)
Earthing Resistance:
Earthing Resistance for Single Pit=5 ,Earthing Grid=0.5
As per NEC 1985 Earthing Resistance should be <5.
Voltage between Neutral and Earth <=2 Volts
Resistance between Neutral and Earth <=1
Creepage Distance=18 to 22mm/KV (Moderate Polluted Air) or
Creepage Distance=25 to 33mm/KV (Highly Polluted Air)
Minimum Bending Radius:
Minimum Bending Radius for LT Power Cable=12xDia of Cable.
Minimum Bending Radius for HT Power Cable=20xDia of Cable.
Minimum Bending Radius for Control Cable=10xDia of Cable.
Insulation Resistance:
Insulation Resistance Value for Rotating Machine= (KV+1) M.
Insulation Resistance Value for Motor (IS 732) = ((20xVoltage (L-L)) / (1000+
(2xKW)).
Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (<1KV) = Minimum 1 M.
Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (>1KV) = KV 1 M per 1KV.
Insulation Resistance Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.
Min Insulation Resistance Value (Domestic) = 50 M / No of Points. (All
Electrical Points with Electrical fitting & Plugs). Should be less than 0.5 M
Min Insulation Resistance Value (Commercial) = 100 M / No of Points. (All
Electrical Points without fitting & Plugs).Should be less than 0.5 M.
Test Voltage (A.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage) +1000
Test Voltage (D.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage).
Submersible Pump Take 0.4 KWH of extra Energy at 1 meter drop of Water.
Lighting Arrestor:
Arrestor have Two Rating=
(1) MCOV=Max. Continuous Line to Ground Operating Voltage.
(2) Duty Cycle Voltage. (Duty Cycle Voltage>MCOV).
Transformer:
Current Rating of Transformer=KVAx1.4
Short Circuit Current of T.C /Generator= Current Rating / % Impedance
No Load Current of Transformer=<2% of Transformer Rated current
Capacitor Current (Ic)=KVAR / 1.732xVolt (Phase-Phase)
Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 500kVA For maximum
connected load of 99kW,
Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 1250kVA For maximum
connected load of 150kW.
The diversity they would apply to apartments is around 60%
Maximum HT (11kV) connected load will be around 4.5MVA per circuit.
4No. earth pits per transformer (2No. for body and 2No. for neutral earthing),
Clearances, approx.1000mm around TC allow for transformer movement for
replacement.
Diesel Generator:
Diesel Generator Set Produces=3.87 Units (KWH) in 1 Litter of Diesel.
Requirement Area of Diesel Generator = for 25KW to 48KW=56 Sq.meter,
100KW=65 Sq.meter.
DG less than or equal to 1000kVA must be in a canopy.
DG greater 1000kVA can either be in a canopy or skid mounted in an acoustically
treated room
DG noise levels to be less than 75dBA @ 1meter.
DG fuel storage tanks should be a maximum of 990 Litter per unit Storage tanks
above this level will trigger more stringent explosion protection provision.
Current Transformer:
Nomenclature of CT:
Ratio: input / output current ratio
Burden (VA): total burden including pilot wires. (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30VA.)
Class: Accuracy required for operation (Metering: 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3, Protection: 5, 10,
15, 20, 30).
Accuracy Limit Factor:
Nomenclature of CT: Ratio, VA Burden, Accuracy Class, Accuracy Limit
Factor.Example: 1600/5, 15VA 5P10 (Ratio: 1600/5, Burden: 15VA, Accuracy
Class: 5P, ALF: 10)
As per IEEE Metering CT: 0.3B0.1 rated Metering CT is accurate to 0.3 percent if
the connected secondary burden if impedance does not exceed 0.1 ohms.
As per IEEE Relaying (Protection) CT: 2.5C100 Relaying CT is accurate within
2.5 percent if the secondary burden is less than 1.0 ohm (100 volts/100A).
Quick Electrical Calculation
1HP=0.746KW
Star Connection
1KW=1.36HP
Line Voltage=3 Phase Voltage
1Watt=0.846 Kla/Hr
Line Current=Phase Current
1Watt=3.41 BTU/Hr
Delta Connection
1KWH=3.6 MJ
Line Voltage=Phase Voltage
1Cal=4.186 J
Line Current=3 Phase Current
1Tone= 3530 BTU
85 Sq.ft Floor Area=1200 BTU
1Kcal=4186 Joule
1KWH=860 Kcal
1Cal=4.183 Joule
Useful Equations:
For Sinusoidal Current : Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value=1.11
For Sinusoidal Current : Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value =1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current(Iav)=0.637xIm (Im= Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current(Irms)=0.707xIm (Im= Max.Value)
A.C Current=D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Difference between Phase= 360/ No of Phase (1
Phase=230/1=360,2Phase=360/2=180)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/ Short
Circuit Time (Sec)
Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip(mm2) =(Fault Current x Fault Current
x Operating Time of Disconnected Device ) / K
K=Material Factor, K for Cu=159, K for Alu=105, K for steel=58 , K for GI=80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance=5.5x ((km/1.6)+(kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop(%)=(1.732xcurrentx(Rcos+jsin)x1.732xLength (km)x100)/
(Volt(L-L)x Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18x (P-P Volt) + (2x
(Span in Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighting Arrestor = hx (2D-h) + (2D+L). Where h= height of
L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=Vxt (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge
Time).
Size of Lighting Arrestor= 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5x (System
Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System= 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV=1.166=72.6KV)
Load Factor=Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) =you are paying maximum amount of KWH
consumption. Load Factor may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical
Application.
Demand Factor= Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
Diversity Factor= Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand
Factor >1)
Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
Plant Factor(Plant Capacity)= Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor=Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation(1 to 1.5%)= ((Average Voltage-Min Voltage)x100)/Average
Voltage
Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460-455) x100)/455=1.1%.
Current Variation(10%)= ((Average Current-Min Current)x100)/Average Current
Ex:30A,35A,30A, Current Variation=((35-31.7)x100)/31.7=10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary=TC (VA) x100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x
Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current= Kw /1.732xKVxP.FxEfficiency
Size of Capacitor for P.F Correction:
For Motor
Size of Capacitor = 1/3 Hp of Motor ( 0.12x KW of
Motor)
For Transformer
< 315 KVA
5% of KVA Rating
315 KVA to 1000 KVA
6% of KVA Rating
>1000 KVA
8% of KVA Rating
Earthing Resistance value:
Earthing Resistance Value
Power Station
0.5
Sub Station Major
1.0
Sub Station Minor
2.0
Distribution Transformer
5.0
Transmission Line
10
Single Isolate Earth Pit
5.0
Earthing Grid
0.5
As per NEC Earthing Resistance should be <5.0
Voltage Limit (As per CPWD & Kerala Elect.Board):
Voltage Limit (As Per CPWD)
240V
< 5 KW
415V
<100 KVA
11KV
<3 MVA
22KV
<6 MVA
33KV
<12 MVA
66KV
<20 MVA
110KV
<40 MVA
220KV
>40 MVA
Voltage Variation
> 33 KV
(-) 12.5% to (+) 10%
< 33 KV
(-) 9% to (+) 6%
Low Voltage
(-) 6% to (+) 6%
Insulation Class:
Insulation
Class A
Temperature
105C
Class E
120C
Class B
130C
Class F
155C
Class H
180C
Class N
200C
Standard Voltage Limit:
Voltag
e
IEC
(60038)
ELV
< 50 V
LV
50 V to 1
KV
MV
HV
> 1KV
EHV
IEC
(6100:3.6)
Indian Elect. Rule
<=1 KV
< 250 V
<= 35 KV
250 V to 650 V
<= 230 KV
650 V to 33 KV
> 230 KV
> 33 KV
Standard Electrical Connection (As per GERC):
As per Type of Connection
Connection
Voltage
LT Connection
<=440V
HT connection
440V to 66KV
EHT connection
>= 66KV
As per Electrical Load Demand
Up 6W Load demand
1 Phase 230V Supply
6W to 100KVA(100KW)
3 Phase 440V Supply
100KVA to 2500KVA
11KV,22KV,33KV
Above 2500KVA
66KV
HT Connection Earthing
H.T Connections Earthing Strip
20mmX4mm Cu.
Strip
CT & PT bodies
2Nos
PT Secondary
1Nos
CT Secondary
1Nos
I/C and O/G Cable+ Cubicle Body
2Nos
Standard Meter Room Size (As per GERC):
Meter Box Height
Upper level does not beyond 1.7 meter and Lower level
should not below 1.2 meter from ground.
Facing of Meter Box
Meter Box should be at front area of Building at Ground
Floor.
Meter Room / Closed Shade
4 meter square Size
Approximate Load as per Sq.ft Area (As per DHBVN):
Sq.ft Area
Required Load (Connected)
< 900 Sq.ft
8 KW
901 Sq.ft to 1600 Sq.ft
16 KW
1601 Sq.ft to 2500 Sq.ft
20 KW
> 2500 Sq.ft
24 KW
For Flats :100 Sq.ft / 1 KW
For Flats USS /TC: 100 Sq.ft / 23 KVA
Contracted Load in case of High-rise Building:
For Domestic Load
500 watt per 100 Sq. foot of the constructed area.
For Commercial
1500 watt per 100 Sq. foot of the constructed area
Other Common Load
For lift, water lifting pump, streetlight if any,
corridor/campus lighting and other common facilities,
actual load shall be calculated
Staircase Light
11KW/Flat Ex: 200Flat=20011=2.2KW
Sanctioned Load for Building
Up to 50 kW
The L.T. existing mains shall be strengthened.
50 kW to 450 kW (500 kVA)
11 kV existing feeders shall be extended if spare
capacity is available otherwise, new 11 kV feeders shall
be constructed.
450 kW to 2550 kW (3000
kVA)
11 kV feeder shall be constructed from the nearest 33
kV or 110 kV substation
2550 kW to 8500 kW (10,000
kVA)
33kV feeder from 33 kV or 110 kV sub station
8500 kW (10,000 kVA)
110 kV feeder from nearest 110 kV or 220 kV substation
Sub Station Capacity & Short Circuit Current
Capacity:
As per GERC
Voltage
Sub Station Capacity Short Circuit Current
400 KV
Up to 1000 MVA
40 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
220 KV
Up to 320 MVA
40 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
132 KV
Up to 150 MVA
32 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
66 KV
Up to 80 MVA
25 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
33 KV
1.5 MVA to 5 MVA
35 KA (Urban) (1 to 3
Sec)
11 KV
150 KVA to 1.5 MVA
25 KA (Rural) (1 to 3
Sec)
415 V
6 KVA to 150 KVA
10 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
220 V
Up to 6 KVA
6 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
Sub Station Capacity & Short Circuit Current
Capacity:
As per Central Electricity Authority
Voltage
Sub Station
Capacity
Short Circuit Current
765 KV
4500 MVA
31.5 KA for 1 Sec
400 KV
1500 MVA
31.5 KA for 1 Sec
220 KV
500 MVA
40 KA for 1 Sec
110/132
KV
150 MVA
40 KA or 50 KA for 1 Sec
66 KV
75 MVA
40 KA or 50 KA for 1 Sec
Minimum Ground Clearance and Fault Clearing Time:
Voltage
Min. Ground Clearance
Fault Clear Time
400 KV
8.8 Meter
100 mille second
220 KV
8.0 Meter
120 mille second
132 KV
6.1 Meter
160 mille second
66 KV
5.1 Meter
300 mille second
33 KV
3.7 Meter
11 KV
2.7 Meter
Bus bar Ampere Rating:
For Phase Bus bar
Aluminium 130 Amp / Sq.cm or 800Amp / Sq.inch.
For Phase Bus bar
Copper 160 Amp / Sq.cm or 1000Amp / Sq.inch
For Neutral Bus
bar
Same as Phase Bus bar up to 200 Amp than Size of Neutral
Bus bar is at least half of Phase Bus bar.
Bus bar Spacing:
Between Phase and Earth
26mm (Min)
Between Phase and Phase
32mm (Min)
Bus bar Support between Two
Insulator
250mm.
Sound Level of Diesel Generator (ANSI 89.2&NEMA
51.20):
KVA
Max. Sound Level
<9 KVA
40 DB
10 KVA to 50 KVA
45 DB
51 KVA to 150 KVA
50 DB
151 KVA to 300 KVA
55 DB
301 KVA to 500 KVA
60 DB
IR Value of Transformer:
IR Value of Transformer
Voltage
30C
40C
50C
>66KV
600M
300M
150M
22KV to 33KV
500M
250M
125M
6.6KV to 11KV
400M
200M
100M
<6.6KV
200M
100M
50M
415V
100M
50M
20M
Standard Size of MCB/MCCB/ELCB/RCCB/SFU/Fuse:
MCB
Up to 63 Amp (80Amp and 100 Amp a per Request)
MCCB
Up to 1600 Amp (2000 Amp as per Request)
ACB
Above 1000 Amp
MCB Rating
6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A
MCCB Rating
0.5A,1A,2A,4A,6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63
A,80A,100A (Domestic Max 6A)
RCCB/ELCB
6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A,80A,100A
Sen. of ELCB
30ma (Domestic),100ma (Industrial),300ma
DPIC (Double Pole Iron Clad)
main switch
5A,15A,30 A for 250V
TPIC (Triple Pole Iron Clad)
main switch
30A, 60A, 100A, 200 A For 500 V
DPMCB
5A, 10A, 16A, 32A and 63 A for 250V
TPMCCB
100A,200A, 300Aand 500 A For 660 V
TPN main switch
30A, 60A, 100A, 200A, 300 A For 500 V
TPNMCB
16A, 32A,63A For 500 V, beyond this TPNMCCB:
100A, 200A, 300A, 500 A For 660 V
TPN Fuse Unit (Rewirable)
16A,32A,63A,100A,200A
Change over switch (Off Load)
32A,63A,100A,200A,300A,400A,630A,800A
SFU (Switch Fuse Unit)
32A,63A,100A,125A,160A,200A,250A,315A,400A,
630A
HRC Fuse TPN (Bakelite)
125A,160A,200A,250A,400A.630A
HRC Fuse DPN (Bakelite)
16A,32A,63A
MCB/MCCB/ELCB Termination Wire / Cable
Up to 20A MCB
Max. 25 Sq.mm
20A to 63A MCB
Max. 35 Sq.mm
MCCB
Max. 25 Sq.mm
6A to 45A ELCB
16 Sq.mm
24A to 63A ELCB
35 Sq.mm
80A to 100A ELCB
50 Sq.mm
Standard Size of Transformer (IEEE/ANSI 57.120):
Single Phase Transformer
Three Phase Transformer
5KVA,10 KVA,15 KVA,25
KVA,37.5 KVA,50 KVA,75
KVA,100 KVA,167 KVA,250 KVA,
3 KVA,5 KVA,9 KVA,15 KVA,30 KVA,45
KVA,75 KVA,112.5 KVA,150 KVA,225 KVA,300
KVA,500 KVA,750 KVA,1MVA,1.5 MVA,2
MVA,2.5 MVA,3.7 MVA,5 MVA,7.5MVA,
10MVA ,12MVA,15MVA,20MVA ,25MVA,
30MVA,37.5MVA ,50MVA ,
60MVA,75MVA,100MVA
333 KVA,500 KVA,833 KVA,1.25
KVA,1.66 KVA,2.5 KVA,3.33
KVA,5.0 KVA,6.6 KVA,8.3
KVA,10.0 KVA,12.5 KVA,16.6
KVA,20.8 KVA,25.0 KVA,33.33
KVA
Standard Size of Motor (HP):
Electrical Motor (HP)
1,1.5,2,3,5,7.5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,400,450,500,600,700,
800,900,1000,1250,1250,1500,1750,2000,2250,3000,3500,4000
Approximate RPM of Motor
HP
RPM
< 10 HP
750 RPM
10 HP to 30 HP
600 RPM
30 HP to 125 HP
500 RPM
125 HP to 300 HP
375 RPM
Standard Size of Motor (HP):
Electrical Motor (HP)
1,1.5,2,3,5,7.5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,400,450,500,600,700,
800,900,1000,1250,1250,1500,1750,2000,2250,3000,3500,4000
Motor Line Voltage:
Motor (KW)
Line Voltage
< 250 KW
440 V (LV)
150 KW to 3000KW
2.5 KV to 4.1 KV (HV)
200 KW to 3000KW
3.3 KV to 7.2 KV (HV)
1000 KW to 1500KW
6.6 KV to 13.8 KV (HV)
Motor Starting Current:
Supply
Size of Motor
Max. Starting Current
1 Phase
< 1 HP
6 X Motor Full Load Current
1 Phase
1 HP to 10 HP
3 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase
10 HP
2 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase
10 HP to 15
HP
2 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase
> 15 HP
1.5 X Motor Full Load
Current
Motor Starter:
Starter
HP or KW
Starting Current
Torque
DOL
<13 HP(11KW)
7 X Full Load Current
Good
StarDelta
13 HP to 48 HP
3 X Full Load Current
Poor
Auto TC
> 48 HP (37
KW)
4 X Full Load Current
Good/ Average
0.5 to 1.5 X Full Load
Current
Excellent
VSD
Motor > 2.2KW Should not connect direct to supply voltage if it is in Delta
winding
Impedance of Transformer (As per IS 2026):
MVA
% Impedance
< 1 MVA
5%
1 MVA to 2.5 MVA
6%
2.5 MVA to 5 MVA
7%
5 MVA to 7 MVA
8%
7 MVA to 12 MVA
9%
12 MVA to 30 MVA
10%
> 30 MVA
12.5%
Standard Size of Transformer:
Standard Size of Transformer
KVA
Power Transformer (Urban)
3,6,8,10,16
Power Transformer (Rural)
1,1.6,3.15,5
Distribution Transformer
25,50,63,100,250,315,400,500,630
