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DC Analysis of A NPN BJT Using Voltage Divider Bias

This document summarizes the analysis of a common-emitter amplifier circuit using voltage divider bias. It first presents the DC analysis to determine node voltages and branch currents using Thevenin's theorem. It then shows the small-signal equivalent circuit and calculates various gains including voltage, current, and transconductance gains. Finally, it simulates the output signal across the load resistor RL when a sinusoidal input signal vs is applied.

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301 views5 pages

DC Analysis of A NPN BJT Using Voltage Divider Bias

This document summarizes the analysis of a common-emitter amplifier circuit using voltage divider bias. It first presents the DC analysis to determine node voltages and branch currents using Thevenin's theorem. It then shows the small-signal equivalent circuit and calculates various gains including voltage, current, and transconductance gains. Finally, it simulates the output signal across the load resistor RL when a sinusoidal input signal vs is applied.

Uploaded by

nirmal_inbox
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DC Analysis of a NPN BJT using Voltage Divider Bias

FIGURE 1: NPN Voltage Divider Bias Circuit

GIVEN: VCC := 12V VBE := 0.7V RB2 := 30k RB1 := 60k := 150 A A RC := 2.7k

RE := 6.8k

FIND: All node voltages and branch currents for the amplifier. To do this we can proceed using node equations and find the solution for the node voltages and branch currents. This is a valid approach yet there is a much easier way by using Thevenin's analysis of the circuit. To Theveize the circuit we first find the Thevenin voltage at the base of the NPN. VTH := VCC

RB2 + RB1
RB2
1

VTH = 4 V

Next, we find the Thevenin resistance at the base of the NPN: RTH :=

1 + 1 RB1 RB2

RTH = 20 k

Next. we redraw the NPN circuit using the Thevenin voltage and resistance and inserting the VBE voltage and the load of RE in the base-emitter loop. We have IB entering the base and IE = ( +1) x IB sank into RE. To determine IB, we simply multiply RE by (+1) resulting in the second circuit in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2: Thevein's Equivalent Circuit for the Base-Emitter Cicuit Solving for IB, IE and IC : IB := RTH + ( + 1 ) RE VTH VBE IB = 3.152 A IE = 476.022 A IC = 472.87 A

IE := ( + 1 ) IB IC := IB

Solving for Node Voltages: VE := IE RE VB := VE + VBE VR1 := VCC VB VC := VCC IC RC VE = 3.237 V VB = 3.937 V VR1 = 8.063 V VC = 10.723 V

Solving for the Remaing branch currents: IB1 := VR1 RB1 IB1 = 134.384 A I2 := VB RB2 I2 = 131.232 A

CE Amplifier with voltage divider bias Small-Signal Analysis


Continuing with the small-signal analysis of the amplifier

Figure 3: Common-Emitter Amplifier with Voltage Divider Bias Using the resistance values from the DC analysis and the corresponding DC bias point information found we now perform a small-signal analysis on the circuit as shown in Figure 3. The coupling capacitors CC1 and CC2 are used to pass the signal component while blocking DC thereby maintaing the DC bias point. The bypass capacitor CB is used to place the emitter at small-signal ground. These capacitances will be considered ideal where they have no impedance on the signal and infinite impednace for DC. To perforn the small-signal analysis the small-signal equivalent circuit is next presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for the CE Amplifier

Given:

vs := 10mV

f := 1kHz

RL := 3.3k

RS := 50

VA := 150V

Calculation of ro: ro := VA IC ro = 317.212 k

Calculation of small-signal base resistance RB : RB :=

1 + 1 RB1 RB2

RB = 20 k

Calculation of emitters incremental resistance (Temp = 25'C) : VT := 25.8651mV Calculation of r: r := ( + 1 ) re r = 8.205 k re := VT IE re = 54.336

Calculation of transconductance gm : := +1 gm := re gm = 0.018 S

Calcularion of Input and Output resristances: Rin :=

1 + 1 RB r

Rin = 5.818 k
1

1 1 Rout := RC + ro

Rout = 2.677 k

Calculation of small-signal circuit gains : Av1 := Rin RS + Rin


1

Av1 = 0.991

V V V V

Av1 : Gain from vs to vb vb/vs

1 1 Av2 := gm Rout + RL

Av2 = 27.022

Av2: Gain from the base to the collector vc/vs

AV := Av1 Av2

AV = 26.792

V V

AV: Total gain vc/vs

Calculation of base and collector signal voltages: vb := Av1 vs vb = 9.915 mV

vc := AV vs t := 0 , 0.01ms .. 1ms

vc = 0.268 V v_s( t ) := vs sin( 2 f t ) vo( t ) := AV vs sin( 2 f t )

vo(t)
0.2 0.13

vo( t)

0 0.07

v_s ( t)

0.2 0.27

2 .10

4 .10

6 .10 t

8 .10

Time (s)

Figure 4: Amplifier's Output Signal across RL

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