FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE 2(B)
Q.1
(i)
2
( ) 2 f x x x =
For the function to be defined,
2
2 0 x x >
( )( )
1 2 0 x x + >
2 0 x > or 2 x >
Hence ( , 2] [2 , ) x e
(ii)
3
5 2
1
( ) log ( )
4
f x x x
x
= +

For f (x) to be defined,
2 3
4 0 & 0 x x x = >
2 & ( 1) ( 1) 0 x x x x = + >

Hence domain is ( 1, 0) (1 , 2) (2, ) xe \
Q.2
(i)
2
2 3
( )
x x
f x
x
+ +
=
Let
2
2 3 x x
y
x
+ +
=
Then
2
(2 ) 3 0 x x y + + =
For x to be real 0 D >
2
(2 ) 12 0 y >
or
2
4 8 0 y y >

Hence range is ( , 2 2 3] [2 2 3 , ) +
(ii)
2
2
2
( )
3
x
f x
x

=
+

Let
2
2
2
3
x
y
x

=
+

Then
2
(3 2)
1
y
x
y
+
=

Now
(3 2)
0
1
y
y
+
>

or
3 2
0
1
y
y
+
s

Hence range is
2
,1
3
|

.
.
(iii) ( ) 3cos 4sin 2 f x x x = +
max. & min. value of 3cos 4sin x x is 5 & -5 respectively.
{ }
2 2 2 2
sin cos a b a x b x a b + s + s +
max
( ) ] 5 2 7 f x = + =
min
( )] 5 2 3 f x = + =
(iv)
2
( ) [ 1] f x x x = + Graph of y =
2
1 y x x = +

min
( ) ] 0 f x =
max
( ) ] 3 f x =
Q.3
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
Case I
0 x > ( ) sgn x 1 =
& |x| = x
Hence x sgn (x) = |x|
Case II
( ) x 0 sgn x 0
& | x | 0
= =
=

Hence x sgn (x) = |x|
Case III
( ) x 0 sgn x 1 < =
& |x| = - x
Hence x sgn (x) = |x|

CORRECT
Case I
0 x > ( ) sgn x 1 =
& |x| = x.
Hence |x| sgn (x) = x
Case II
( ) x 0 sgn x 0
& | x | 0
= =
=

Hence |x| sgn (x) = 0
Case III
( ) x 0 sgn x 1 < =
& |x| = - x
Hence | x| sgn (x) = x

CORRECT
Case I
0 x > ( ) sgn x 1 =
Hence
x (sgn (x))
2
= x
Case II
( ) x 0 sgn x 0
hence
= =

x (sgn (x))
2
= 0
Case III
( ) x 0 sgn x 1 < =
Hence
x (sgn (x))
2
= x

CORRECT
Case I
0 x > ( ) sgn x 1 =
& |x| = x. Hence
|x| (sgn (x))
3
= x
Case II
( ) x 0 sgn x 0
& | x | 0, hence
= =
=

|x| (sgn (x))
3
= 0
Case III
( ) x 0 sgn x 1 < =
& |x| = - x, Hence
|x| (sgn (x))
3
= x

CORRECT

Q.4
(i)
10
1
( ) log
1
| |
=
|
+
\ .
x
f x
x
10
1
( ) log
1
+ | |
=
|

\ .
x
f x
x

Now ( ) ( ) log1 f x f x + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 or + = = f x f x f x f x
Hence ( ) f x is odd.
(ii)
(2 1)
( )
2 1
x
x
x
f x
+
=

(2 1)
( )
2 1

+
=

x
x
x
f x
( ) ( )
(1 2 ) (1 2 )
or
1 2 2 1
+ +
= =

x x
x x
x x
f x f x
( ) ( ) = f x f x
Hence ( ) f x is even.
(iii)
2 2
( ) 1 1 f x x x x x = + + +
2 2
( ) 1 1 = + + + f x x x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 or + = = f x f x f x f x
Hence ( ) f x is odd.
(iv)
4 2
( ) (2 5 3) cos = + f x x x x
Product of two even function is even only.
Hence ( ) f x is even.
Q.5
Let
2
3
x
y
x

=
+

or 3 2 yx y x + =
3 2
1
+
=

y
x
y

Range : R {1}
Now ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
x 2 x 2
f x f x
x 3 x 3

= =


1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
x x 3x 2x 6 x x 2x 3x 6 + = +
1 2
x x = .
Hence f (x) is ONE ONE & ONTO.
Further
2 3
1

=

y
x
y
implies
1
2 3
( )
1
x
f x
x

3 2
1
x
x
+
=

.

Q.6
Let y x(2 x) =
( | ( |
( )
2
x 2x y 0
or x 1 1 y
Now x ,1 x 1 1 y, y ,1
Hence f x is ONTO.
+ =
=
e = e

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
Further x 2 x x 2 x 2 x x x x
x x or x x 2
But if x x , then as x , x 1 & x x 2.
Hence f x is ONE ONE.
= =
= + =
= > + =

Now x 1 1 y = gives
( | ( |
1 1
f (x) 1 1 x, f : ,1 ,1

=
Q.7
1
( )
1
f x
x
=

( ) ( )
1 1 1
( ( )) or
1
1 ( )
1
1

= = =

x
f f x f f x
f x x
x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
( ) 1
1
or
1
( )
1

= = =

f x
x
f f f x f f f x x
f x
x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) = f f f f x f x
It is repeating after every interval of 4.
So,
2006 (4 501 2)
( ) ( )
+
= f x f x

2
( ) f x =
1 x
x

=
2006
2005 1
(2005)
2005
f

=
2004
2005
= .

Q.8
| | | | | | | | 3 sin [sin [sin ]] 3 3sin for = + + = + = + e x x x x x x x n x n n I
In R.H.S. there can be only integers {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
2 1 1 2
sin x 1, , , 0, , ,1
3 3 3 3
=
But none of these values except 0 can occur for 3x being an integer thus,
L.H.S. has to be 0 integer only.
Hence possible solutions are
1 2 4 5
, , 1 , ,
3 3 3 3
x =
Q.9
Period of sin cos x x + is
2
t
, because in each quadrant values of |sin x| and |cos x|
complement each other.
Now period of sin cos px px + is
2
p
t
.
So 4 p =
Q.10
2
( ) sin cos
x
f x x x
k
(
= +
(


2
( ) sin cos
x
f x x x
k
(
= +
(


If f(x) is even, ( ) ( ) f x f x =
Hence
2
sin 0
x
x
k
(
=
(


2
0
(
=
(

x
k

Thus
2
0 1
x
k
s <
As
2
5 x 5, hence 25 x 0 s s s s .
Hence k > 25.
Q.11
For ( ) loglogloglog = f x x to be defined logloglog 0 > x
loglog 1 > x
log 10 > x
10
(10 , ) x e
Q.12
10
100
2log 2
( ) log
x
x
f x
x
| | +
=
|

\ .
( ) { } g x x =

10
100
2log 2
log
| | +
|

\ .
x
x
x

100 0 & 100 1 x x > = as well
10
2log 2
0
x
x
+
>

1
0,
100
> = x x &
10
2log 2 0 x + < i.e.
1
10
x<
Hence
1 1 1
0, ,
100 100 10
x
| | | |
e
| |
\ . \ .


Q.13
(i) : [3 , 27] f A



(ii)
2
10
( ) log (5 6) f x x x =
For f (x) to be defined
2
5 6 0 x x >
or ( 3)( 2) 0 x x <
(2, 3) e x
(iii)
2
2
1 1
f x x
x x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
2
1 1
2
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .
f x x
x x

Let
1
+ = x t
x
, then
2
( ) 2 f t t =
Hence ( 5) 3 f = .
Q.14
(i)
2
( ) 2
x
f x

= =
2
( ) 2
x
f x

=
Hence, f (x) is even.
(ii)
10 10
( )
10 10
x x
x x
f x

=
+

10 10
( )
10 10
x x
x x
f x

=
+

( ) ( ) 0 + = f x f x
Hence, f(x) is odd.
(iii)
2
2
( 1)
( ) log
1
x x
f x
x x
+
=
+ +

2
2
1
( ) log
1
x x
f x
x x
| | + +
=
|
+
\ .

( ) ( ) log1 f x f x + = 0 =
Hence f(x) is odd.
(iv) ( ) sin f x x x =
( ) ( ) sin( ) f x x x =
sin x x =
Hence, f (x) is even.
Q.15
2
2
( )
2
x x
f x
x x

=
+

Domain : -
2
2 0 x x + =
0, 2 x x = =
{0 , 2} x R e
Range : -
( 1)
0
( 2)
x x
y x
x x

= =
+

1 1
, 1
2 2

= e
`
+
)
x
y y R
x

Q.16
( ) ( 4) ( 2) ( 6) f x f x f x f x + + = + + + (1)
Put x k t = +
( ) ( 4 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) f x t f z t t x t f x t + + + + = + + + + +
Put 2 t =
( 2) ( 6) ( 4) ( 8) + + + = + + + f x f x f x f x
( ) ( 4) ( 4) ( 8) f x f x f x f x + + = + + + . From (1)
( ) ( 8) f x f x = +
Hence function is periodic.
Period is 8.
Q.17
1 1
( ) ( ) P x P P x P
x x
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

( ) 1
n
P x x = hence ( ) 1 = +
n
P x x
(4) 65 P = 3 = n
Hence P(x) = 1 + x
3
.
Now 1 + x
3
= 344 gives x = 7.
Q.18
9
( )
3 9
=
+
x
x
f x
1
1
9
9 3
9
(1 )
3.9 9 3 9 9 3
9
x
x
x x x
x
f x

= = =
+ + +

3 9
( ) (1 ) 1
3 9
x
x
f x f x
+
+ = =
+
, Hence,
1 2 2002
......................
2003 2003 2003
2002 2001 1
......................
2003 2003 2003
___________________________________________
2 2002
1001
| | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
=
=
S f f f
S f f f
S
S



Q.19
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1, 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
2 5 1 2
+ = + +
= = + = +
= =
P x P y P x P y P xy
x y P P P P
P P

Now differentiate w.r.to y treating x as an independent variable to get
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
Now ' ' '
1 1 ' 1 '
' 1
1
= +
= =
=

P x P y P y xP xy
y P x P xP x
dP x
dx
P
P x x

Integrate w.r.t. x to get
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
ln | 1| ' 1 ln | |
1 2 0
2 5 ln 4 ' 1 ln 2 i.e. ' 1 2
ln | 1| 2ln | | 1
= +
= =
= = =
= = +
P x P x C
P C
P P P
P x x P x x

Hence P(5) = 26.
Q.20
1, 1
( )
2 1, 1 2
+ s
=

+ < s

x x
f x
x x

2
, 1 2
( )
2, 2 3
s <
=

+ s <

x x
g x
x x

( ) 1, ( ) 1
( ( ))
2 ( ) 1, 1 ( ) 2
+ s
=

+ < s

g x g x
f g x
g x g x


( ), ( ) 1
( ( ))
2 ( ) 1, 1 ( ) 2
s
=

+ < s

g x g x
f g x
g x g x


2
2
1, 1 1
2 1, 1 2
+ s s

+ < <

x x
x x

Q.21
2
( ) 1 f x x x = + +

1
1 4 3
( )
2
x
g x

+
=
Q.22
(a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Given 1+ = f f x f x f x
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
Let , then 1
or
1
3
Hence 3 .
4
= + =
=
+
=
f a b f b b b
b
f b
b
f

(b) Given ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 + = f x f x f x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 4 1 or 5 16
5 5 5 4 5 or 21 64
= + = =
= + = =
x f f f f
x f f f f


(c) Given ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
= f xy x f y .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
25, 2 50 25 2 50 30 = = = = x y f f or f .
(d) Given ( ) ( ) + = + f x y x f y

( )
( )
( )
( )
1, 0 1 3
1, 1 2 4
1, 2 3 5
100 102
= = =
= = =
= = =
=
x y f
x y f
x y f
f

(e) Given ( ) ( ) 3 3 3 = + f x x f x

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 6 3
3 9 4
3 1
300 101
= =
= =
= +
=
x f
x f
f x x
f

Q.23
(a)
1
( )
| |
+ =
|
\ .
f x f x
x

Replace x by
1
x
to get ( )
1 1 | |
+ =
|
\ .
f f x
x x

1
= x
x

Hence 1 x = .
(b) ( )
2
= + f x ax bx
Domain and range can be same only if f (x) is self-inverse.
y =
2
+ ax bx
If a = 0, then = y bx has domain as well as range | ) 0, for all b > 0.
( )
2 2
Now = + = + y ax bx y x ax b

| )
| )
2
0, if 0
, 0, if 0
Domain : &Range :
0, if 0
0, if 0
4
| (
>
>
(

\
(

< ( (

<
( (

b
a
a
a
b
a b
a
a
a

Clearly for a > 0 interval of x & interval of y cant be same but for a < 0, the two
intervals can be same if
2 2 2
2
. . 4
4 4
= = =
b b b b
i e a
a a a a
.
Q.24
(i)
(a)
10 10 10
x y
+ =
10 10 10
y x
=
log10 log(10 10 )
y x
=
log(10 10 )
x
y =

(b)
2 x y y + =
If 0 y >
2 x y y + =
y x =
If 0 y <
2 x y y =
3
x
y =

(ii)
(a)
( ) [0,1] f x
(sin ) f x
0 sin 1 x s s
| | 0, x t e
| | 2 , (2 1) x n n t t e +
neI

(b)
(2 3) f x +
0 2 3 1 x s + s
3 2 2 x s s
3
1
2
x

s s



(iii)
(a)
1
( ) ( )
3
g x x = +
Domain remains same [ 4, 7]
Range is
1 9
,
3 3
(
(

i.e.
1
, 3
3
(
(


(b)
( ) ( 7) h x f x =
4 7 7 x s s
Domain is [11 , 14]
11 14 x s s
Range will not change i.e. [ 1, ] a

Q.25
(a)
( )
2
ln 1 y x x = + +
Domain : R, Range : R
Also
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2
1 1 + + = + + = x x x x x x , hence f (x) is invertible.
Now
( )
2
ln 1 = + + y x x
2
1 = + +
y
e x x

2
1

= +
y
e x x
2

=
y y
e e
x
Hence
1 1
( ) , : R R
2

=
x x
e e
f x f
(b)
1
( ) 2
x
x
f x

=
Domain : R {1}.
Range of : R {1}
1

x
x
, hence Range of f(x) : (0, ) {2}.
Further
1 2
1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 2
or
1 1
= = =

x x
x x x x x x x x
x x

Hence f (x) is invertible.
Now let
1
2
x
x
y

=
2
log
1
=

x
y
x

or
2
2 2
log
log log 2
y
x
y
=

Hence
1 1 2
2
log
( ) , : {2} {1}
log
2

=
x
f x f R R
x

(c)
10 10
10 10
x x
x x
y

=
+

Domain : R, Range : R {1}
Further
1 1 2 2
1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2
1 1 2 2
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10




= =
+ +
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x

1 2 2 1
1 2
10 10 or

= =
x x x x
x x .
Hence f (x) is invertible.
Now
10 10
10 10

=
+
x x
x x
y
2
2
10 1
10 1

=
+
x
x
y
or
2
1
10
1
x
y
y
+
=

or
10
1
2 log
1
y
x
y
+
=

{ }
1 1
10
1 1
( ) log , : 1
2 1

+
=

x
f x f R R
x
.
Q.26
Case I :
1
0
2
> x
1 1
2 2
( (
+
( (

x x can be a prime number only if one of the two factors is 1 & other is a prime.
Now
1 1 3 5
1 1 2 . .
2 2 2 2
(
= s < s <
(

x x i e x .
For this interval
1 1
2 3, so 2
2 2
(
s + < + =
(

x x .
Hence
1 1 3 5
2 for
2 2 2 2
( (
+ = s <
( (

x x x
Similarly
1 1 1 3
1 1 2 . .
2 2 2 2
(
+ = s + < s <
(

x x i e x .
For this interval
1 1
0 1, so 0
2 2
(
s < + =
(

x x .
Not possible.
Case II :
1
0
2
+ < x
1 1
2 2
( (
+
( (

x x can be a prime number only if one of the two factors is -1 & other is negative of
a prime.
Now
1 1 3 1
1 1 0 . .
2 2 2 2
(
+ = s + < s <
(

x x i e x .
For this interval
1 1
2 0, so 2, 1
2 2
(
s < =
(

x x .
Hence
1 1 3 1
2 for
2 2 2 2
( (
+ = s <
( (

x x x
Similarly
1 1 1 1
1 1 0 . .
2 2 2 2
(
= s < s <
(

x x i e x .
For this interval
1 1
0 1, so 0
2 2
(
s + < + =
(

x x .
Not possible.
Hence
1 1 3 1 3 5
2 for , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ( | |
+ =
| |
( (
. .
x x
Now
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
9 1 9 25
11
4
+ + +
+ + + = = x x x x .
Q.27
Let ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 1 4 = + + P x x x Q x ax b, where r(x) = ax + b.
Now given that P(1) = 1 & P(4) = 10, hence
a + b = 1 & 4a + b = 10.
Thus a = 3 & b = -2.
Now r(x) = 3a 2.
Hence r(2006) = 6016.
Q.28
(i) Given
( )
2
1 1
2 2 2 sin 4cos cos
4 2
| |
| | t t | | | |
+ t + = +
|
| | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .
x
f x x f f x x
x x


( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 2 1 1 2 2 sin 4cos cos
4 2
1 1
1 9
2 2 2 2 2 2 sin 4cos 2cos
2 4 2
1
2 2 2 4 2 1
2
1
2 1
2
| | t t | |
= + = + t
| |
\ .
\ .
=
| | t t | | | |
= + = t+
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
| |
+ =
|
\ .
x f f f
f
x f f f
f f f
f f

(ii) ( )
2
1 1 1 3 1
2 2 2 2 sin 4cos cos 2
2 2 2 4 4 2
x f f f
| | t t | | | |
= + = + t
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .

( ) ( )
1
4 2 4 1 5
2
f f f
| |
+ =
|
\ .

( ) ( )
1
2 4 1 2 1
2
f f f
| |
+ = =
|
\ .

( ) ( ) 2 1 0 f f + = .
Q.29
{ } | | | | { } { } 4 & 3 2 x x x x x x x x = + = + =
{ }
3
As 0 1, 0
2
x x s < s <
Case I : 0 1 x s <
{ } | | 4 4 or 0 x x x x x x = + = =
Case II :
3
1
2
x s <
{ } | | ( )
5
4 4 1 1 or
3
x x x x x x = + = + = .
Q.30
As a, b, c are natural numbers hence x > 0.
Now
3 4 3 4
5 & 5 n n
x x x x
( ( ( (
+ = = =
( ( ( (


3 4
1 & 5 6 n n n n
x x
s < + s <
3 3 4 4
&
1 6 5
x x
n n n n
< s < s
+

3 4
1 3 & 1 no solution
2 5
n x x = < s < s
3 4 4
2 1 &1 1
2 3 3
n x x x = < s < s < s
3 4
3 1 & 2 no solution
4 3
n x x = < s < s
Hence
4
1,
3
x
| (
e

(
\
.