FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF

POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO POWDER

ELECTIVE PROJECT
SUBMITTED TO PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
JALANDHAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

BY
Ms. ANCHAL
Uni. Roll No. 103352538881
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Mrs. NAVJOT KAUR

SWIFT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY

RAJPURA, PATIALA
APRIL 2014

INDEX

S.No.
1
1-2

Title

Page Number

INTRODUCTION
ABOUT HERBAL SHAMPOO POWDER

METHODOLOGY
MATERIAL AND METHOD

2-6
EVALUALTION
7-12
CONCLUSION
12-13

REFERENCES

13-14

INTRODUCTION
Natural cosmetics are popular all over the world, as they convey the impression
of having better purity, safety and efficacy. Many shampoos are available in the
Indian market under the label of 'natural', 'herbal' , etc. However, these
formulations are based on synthetic detergents and other chemical additives and
contain herbal extracts added more for their marketing value than for their
efficacy. The general feeling among consumers is that a good shampoo is one
that foams very well. To cater to this consumer expectation, formulators may add
excessive amounts of detergents in the shampoos.

Hairs are the integral part of human beauty. People are using herbs
for cleaning, beautifying and managing hair since the ancient era. As the time
has passed synthetic agents have taken a large share but today people are
getting aware of their harmful effects on hairs, skin and eyes. These reasons
attracted to community towards the herbal products, which are less expensive
and have negligible side effects. Hair cleansers or shampoos are used not only
for cleansing purpose but also for imparting gloss to hair and to maintain their
manageability and oiliness for hairs.
Shampoos are of various types, like powder shampoo, clear
liquid shampoo liquid shampoo, lotion shampoo, solid gel shampoo, medicated
shampoo, liquid herbal shampoo etc. As far as herbal shampoos are concerned
in stability criteria. Depending upon the nature of the ingredients they may be
simple or plain shampoo, antiseptic or antidandruff shampoo and nutritional
shampoo containing vitamin, amino acids proteins hydrolysate2.
Herbs are used since from the since the beginning of
civilization to maintain health and treat disease. Various literatures provides lots
of information on the folklore practices in different parts of country and traditional
aspect of therapeutically important natural products and also their use in skin
care and hair care. There is immense opportunity to use the photochemical
ingredients in the hair care; even they are responsible to provide the nutrition to
the body3. Herbs have long been associated with hair care and are often
ingredients of conditioners, shampoos and rinses.
The selection of active ingredients for hair care powder is
often based on the ability of the ingredient to prevent damage to the skin as well
as to improve the quality of the skin by way of cleansing, nourishing and
protecting the skin, in the paper, we report the development and evaluation of
polyherbal hair care powder.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Procurement of material
The different parts of the plants were selected for the study having hair care
property, the plants are Amla fruit (Embelica officinalis), Hibiscus Leaf (Hibisucus
rosea), Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) Shikakai fruit(Acacia concinna), Aloe leaf
(Aloe barbadensis), Henna Leaf (Lawsonia inermis), Brahmi root (Centella
asiatica), Rithafruit (Sapindus mukorossi).
Shampoo ingredients are optimized to cleanse scalp, moisturize scalp,
prevent possible hair loss, prevent pre-mature grey hair, slightly restore natural black
Indian hair color, promote thick hair grow. Modern studies have shown that Fenugreek
seed promote hair growth, it is not a part of traditional Ayurveda claim.
The powder of Amla fruit, Hibiscus Leaf, Neem leaf, Shikakai fruit,
Aloe leaf, Henna Leaf, Ritha fruit were collected from the local market. The raw
materials collected were given with their respective biological source and uses in

Table No 1.

Table No:1 Herbs used in the preparation of polyherbal shampoo powder:Sr.No

Constituents

Biological
source/Family

Uses

Amla fruit

Dried ripe fruits of

Embelica
officinalis
(Euphorbiaceae)

Darkening of
hairs and Hair
growth promoter

Hibiscus Leaf

Dired leaves of
Hibisucus rosea
(Malvaceae)

Prevents hiar loss

and hair growth
promoter.

Neem leaf

Dried leaves of
Azadirachta
indica
(Miliaceae)

prevent the
dryness of hairs
and flaking of
hairs

Shikakai fruit

Dried pods of
Acacia
concinna
(Mimosaceae)

Foam base and

anti-dandruff

Aloe vera leaf

Dried leaves of
Aloe
barbadensis
miller
(Asphodelaceae)

Conditioner and
moisturizing
effect

Henna Leaf

Dried leaves of
Lawsonia
inermis
(Lythraceae)

Growth of hair,
Conditioner

Brahmi root

Dried roots of
Centlla asiatica
(Apiaceae)

Support to growth
of Hairs

Reetha fruit

Dried fruits of
Sapindus
mukorossi
(Sapindaceae )

Detergent and
antidandruff

2.2 Preparation of the herbal shampoo powder

All the required powders for shampoo preparation were weighed individually,
passed through sieve no.120 mesh and mixed in ascending order by weight with
continuous trituration7. Total three batches of each preparation were prepared
labeled and kept in closed container for further studies. The preparation formula
for the PHS1, PHS2 and PHS 3 were given in Table No 2.
Table no. 2
Formula for the Polyherbal shampoo powder

Sr.N
o
1
2

Const
ituent
s
Amla
fruit

PHS1

Hibisc
us
Leaf

15

30

Neem
leaf

10

Shika
kai
fruit
Aloe
leaf

10

Henn
a Leaf

Brah
mi
root
Reetha
fruit

2.3 Evaluation of shampoo powder

Organoleptic evaluation/visual appearance Organoleptic evaluation for
parameters like colour, odour, taste and texture was carried out. Colour and
texture was evaluated by vision and touch sensation respectively. For taste and
odour evaluation a team of five taste and odour sensitive persons were selected
8,9.
General powder characteristics 10,11, 12 General powder characteristics
includes evaluation of those parameters which are going to affect the external
properties (like flow properties, appearance, packaging criteria etc.) of the
preparation, Characteristics evaluated under this section are particle size, angle
of repose, bulk density and tapped density. All the three shampoo powders were
taken at three different level i.e. from top, middle and lower level for the
evaluation. Particle size is a parameter, which could affect various properties like
spreadability, grittiness etc., particle size was determined by sieving method by
using I.P. Standard sieves by mechanical shaking for 10 min.
Angle of repose affects the flow properties of a powder. It was determined by fix
glass funnel method, a distance of 2 cm is maintained between the graph paper
and the bottom of a powder. Flowing was continued till the top of the heap
touches the bottom tip of funnel.
Bulk density is an important property for the packaging and uniformity in the
bulk of product. Bulk density depends on particle size, particle size distribution
and cohesiveness of particle. For measuring bulk density a weighted amount of
powder was introduced in 100ml graduated cylinder. The cylinder is fixed on bulk
density apparatus and bulk density was calculated. It is expressed in grams per
cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
Tapped density The tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after

mechanically tapping a container containing the powder sample. After observing

the initial powder volume or mass, the measuring cylinder or vessel is
mechanically tapped for 1 min and volume or mass readings are taken until little
further volume or mass change was observed. It was expressed in grams per
cubic centimeter (g/cm3).

Physicochemical evaluations 13, 14, 15

A. Extractive values Determination of Alcohol Soluble Extractive
5 g of the each air dried polyherbal shampoo powder was weighed and
macerated with 100 ml of Alcohol of the specified strength in a closed flask for
twenty-four hours, shaked frequently during six hours and allowed to stand for
eighteen hours. Filtered, by taking precautions against loss of solvent, 25 ml of
the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a tare flat bottomed shallow dish, and
dry at 1050C, to constant weight and weighed. The percentage of alcohol-soluble
extractive with reference to the air-dried drug was calculated.
Determination of Water Soluble Extractive Proceeded as directed for the
determination of Alcohol-soluble extractive, using chloroform water instead of
ethanol. The percentage of water-soluble extractive was calculated for each
sample.
B. Ash Value Determination of Total Ash 5 g of the each air dried polyherbal
shampoo powder was weighed and taken in a tare silica crucible and incinerated
in muffle furnace at the temperature not exceeding 4500C until free from carbon,
cooled. Percentage of total ash was calculated.
Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash Total ash obtained was boiled for 5
minutes with 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered the insoluble matter in a
Gooch crucible, or on an ash less filter paper, washed with hot water and ignited
to constant weight. The percentage of acid-insoluble ash was calculated for each
sample.
C. Moisture content determination 10 g of each polyherbal shampoo powder
was weighed in a tare evaporating dish and kept in hot air oven at 1050C.
Repeated the drying until the constant weight loss was observed after the interval
of 30 minutes. The moisture content was calculated for each sample.
D. Determination of pH The pH of 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was
determined at room temperature 25C. The pH was measured by using digital pH
Meter. Cleaning action16 5 grams of wool yarn were placed in grease, after that
it was placed in 200 ml. of water containing 1 gram of each polyherbal shampoo
powder in a flask. Temperature of water was maintained at 350C. The flask was
shaken for 4 minutes at the rate of 50 times a minute. The solution was removed
and sample was taken out, dried and weighed.
The amount of grease removed was calculated by using the following
equation: DP= 100(1-T/C)
In which, DP is the percentage of detergency power, C is the weight of grease in
the control sample and T is the weight of grease in the test sample.

Foaming capacity17 Although foam generation has little to do with the

cleansing ability of shampoos, it is of paramount importance to the consumer and
is therefore an important criterion in evaluating shampoos. Cylinder shake
method was used for determining foaming ability. 50ml of the 1% shampoo
solution was put into a 250 ml graduated cylinder and covered the cylinder with
hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volumes of the foam contents after 1
minute shaking were recorded. The foam volume was calculated only.
Immediately after shaking the volume of foam at 1 minute intervals for 4 minutes
was recorded for all the three shampoo powders.

Dirt dispersion18 Two drops of 1% each shampoo powders were added in a

large test tube contain 10 ml of distilled water. 1 drop of India ink was added; the
test tube was stoppered and shaken for 10 times. The amount of ink in the foam
of was estimated as None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy
Detergency ability 19 The Thompson method was used to evaluate the
detergency ability of the samples. Briefly, a crumple of hair were washed with a
5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution, then dried and divided into 3g weight
groups. The samples were suspended in an n-hexane solution containing 10%
artificial sebum and the mixture was shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature.
Then samples were removed, the solvent was evaporated at room temperature
and their sebum content determined. In the next step, each sample was divided
into two equal parts, one washed with 0.1 ml of the 10% test shampoo and the
other considered as the negative control. After drying, the resided sebum on
samples was extracted with 20 ml n-hexane and re-weighed. Finally, the
percentage of detergency power of all the three shampoo powder was calculated
using the following equation: DP= 100(1-T/C) In which, DP is the percentage of
detergency power, C is the weight of grease in the control sample and T is the
weight of sebum in the test sample.
Wetting time 20, 21
The canvas was cut into 1 inch diameter discs having an average weight of 0.44
g. The disc was floated on the surface of shampoo solution of 1% w/v and the
stopwatch started. The time required for the disc to begin to sink was measured
acutely and noted as the wetting time
. Nature of hair after washes 22 Nature of hair after wash can be done by
collecting the responses of volunteers.
Stability Study 23, 24 Stability and acceptability of organoleptic properties (odor
and color) of formulations during the storage period indicated that they are
chemically and physically stable.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Organoleptic evaluation/visual appearance The
result of visual inspection for all the polyherbal shampoo powders were observed
and evaluated for color, odour, taste and in terms of their appearance, flow
property and texture. They are somewhat shows distinct change in color. The
results were reported in Table No 3.
General powder characteristics
General powder characteristics includes evaluation of those parameters which

are going to affect the external properties (like flow properties, appearance,
packaging criteria etc.). The particle size, angle of repose, bulk density and
tapped density results were determined .All the polyherbal shampoo powder
shows the result in the specific limits for the respective evaluation parameter and
were found nearly same as reported in Table No 3.

Evaluation of polyherbal shampoo powder

Sr.No
1.

Evaluation
parameter
Organoleptic
evaluation

Gerneal
Powder
characters

PHS 1
Color
Odour
Taste
Texture

pale cream
slight pleasant
characteristic
fine smooth

Particle size

25-20

Angle of repose
Bulk density

3
Physicochemic
al evaluation

Alcohol soluble
Water soluble
Total ash
Acid insoluble
ash
Moisture content

20.5

5/g/cc

pH

Cleaning action
4
5
6
7
8

Foaming capacity
Dirt Dispersion
Detergency ability
Wetting time

Good foaming
Moderate
65.12 0.02
1720.04

CONCLUSION
Globalization is the need of today and the world market will open for all by 2005.
The world market is also moving towards herbal medicines for health care, health
foods and for cosmetic purposes including hair preparations. India is rich heritage
for cultivation and production of herbal medicines due to its diversified climatic
conditions. Indian traditional literature and ethanopharmacological studies
present a number of plants/ formulations with proven efficacy for hair care
preparations. Present investigations was carried out to formulate the herbal
shampoo powder preparations based upon traditional knowledge and to develop
few parameters for quality and purity of herbal powder shampoo. Although these
studies are preliminary but presented evaluation parameter will be useful for the
standardization of herbal shampoo powder. The formulated shampoos were
evaluated for the organoleptic , general powder characteristics and
physiochemical study, they are also evaluated for their different properties
cleaning action, foaming capacity , dirt dispersion, wetting time and nature of hair
after wash. From the given study it is concluded that all the three shampoo
powders are good and having all properties that are expected, even though on
the basis of wetting time, foam stability, Dirt dispersion, and cleaning action PHS
2 is more acceptable. Whereas the prepared shampoo powders are in dry
powder form having no more change in stability after the long storage.

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