FEM Assignment 2014

NIT-TRICHY

FEM Assignment
5th Semester
Submitted by: NITINVARMAN 111111060 4/4/2014 Software used: Ansys APDL

This document contains an abstract about the work on Ansys to analyse different problems.

Problem 1
An Aluminum cantilever beam shown in Figure 1 is subjected to a point load at the end with the other end fixed. Using one dimensional elements, discretize the model and perform the numerical analysis for the prediction of displacement von-mises stresses in the beam using ANSYS software. With beam theory validate the numerical results obtained in ANSYS. Figure 1

Nomenclature: L =110m Length of beam b =10m Cross Section Base h =1 m Cross Section Height P=1000N Point Load E=70GPa Youngs Modulus of Aluminum at Room Temperature =0.33 Poissons Ratio of Aluminum

Solution: Using Numerical Analysis in Ansys: The results obtained are Maximum Von-mises stress: 62.7KPa Maximum Deflection = 7.59mm Von mises Result:

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Deflection result:

Ansys Macro :
/NOPR KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,1 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO !* !* /PREP7 K,1,0,0,0, K,2,110,0,0, LSTR, 1, !*

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ET,1,BEAM188 !* !* MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,,7e10 MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.33 SECTYPE, 1, BEAM, RECT, , 0 SECOFFSET, CENT SECDATA,10,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 TYPE, 1 MAT, 1 REAL, ESYS, 0 SECNUM, 1 !* LMESH, 1 LMESH, 1 /UI,MESH,OFF ESIZE,10,0, LMESH, 1 LCLEAR, 1 LMESH, 1 /UI,MESH,OFF FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,1 !* /GO DK,P51X, ,0, ,0,ALL, , , , , , FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,2 !* /GO FK,P51X,FY,-1000 FINISH /SOL /STATUS,SOLU SOLVE FINISH /POST1 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,Y, 0,1.0 !* PRNSOL,S,PRIN !* PRESOL,S,PRIN )/GOP

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Theoretical validation: Von Mises Stress For Plane stress, Von Mises equivalent stress can be expressed as: = (x2 - xy + y2 + 3xy2) In the top most plane => xy=0, y=0. Therefore = x. Bending stress M(x) = Where I =b*h3/12 and c = h/2. M(x) = P ( x- L) x = 6P(x-L)/bh2 Maximum stress = 6P(L)/bh2=66 KPa Maximum Von Mises stress = 66 KPa.

Deflection: From Euler Bernoulli Equation ( ) From previous derivations ( Integrating once we get
( At the fixed end => x=0, y=0, Thus C1=0 Integrating again we get EIy=P(x3/6 Lx2/2)+C2 Again at the fied end, y(0) = 0 Thus C2=0. Therefore deflection = y == (P/EI) * (x3/6 Lx2/2) = Px2/6EI * (x-3L)
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Maximum deflection is at x=L max = PL3/3EI = 7.61 mm.

Thus the theoretical values and the Numerical analysis values obtained from Ansys are almost same.

Problem 2:
Determine the force in each member of the following truss. Indicate if the member is in tension or compression. The cross-sectional area of each member is 0.01 m2 and the Youngs modulus is 200 X 109 N/m2.
Figure 2 Plane Truss

Solution: From the numerical analysis using Ansys, The forces on each nodes are given below

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Figure 1 : Representation of the forces and constraints on links

Figure 2 : Forces at different nodes

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Element 2 (or member AB) applies a force of 1500 N in the x-direction and 800 N in the negative y -direction on node 1 (or pin A). This means that the total force in AB is (15002+8002) = 1700 N . The resultant acts from A to B i.e. the member is pulling on pin A. So it must be in tension. Similarly, the force in Element 1 (AC) is 2000 N (tension) and in Element 3 (BC) is 2500 N (compression). The result is shown in the table below Link Identification AC AB BC Ansys Macro:
/NOPR KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,1 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO !* !* /PREP7 !* ET,1,LINK180 !* R,1,.01, ,0 !* !* MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,,200e9 MPDATA,PRXY,1,, N,1,0,2.8,,,,, N,2,1.50,2,,,,, N,3,0,0,,,,, FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,3 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,2 FITEM,2,3 E,P51X

Force(N) 2000 1700 2500

Tension / Compression Tension Tension Compression

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FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,2 FITEM,2,1 E,P51X FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,1 !* /GO D,P51X, , , , , ,UX,UY, , , , FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,3 !* /GO D,P51X, , , , , ,UX, , , , , FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,2 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-2800 FINISH /SOL /STATUS,SOLU SOLVE FINISH /POST1 !* PRESOL,FORC )/GOP

Problem 3 :

Determine the nodal deflections, reaction forces, and stress for the truss system shown in Figure 3 below (E = 200GPa, A = 3250mm2).

Solution: The numerical solution using ansys for the given problem is given below. The nodes, links and constraints given in Ansys are shown pictorially below:

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The contour plot of the deflection is shown below:

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The contour plot of stresses is shown below:

The list of reaction forces are shown below:

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Ansys Macro:
/NOPR KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,1 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO !* !* /PREP7 !* ET,1,LINK180 !* R,1,.00325, ,0 !* !* MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,,200e9 MPDATA,PRXY,1,, N,1,,,,,,, N,2,1.8,3.118,,,,, N,3,3.6,0,,,,, N,4,5.4,3.118,,,,, N,5,7.2,0,,,,, N,6,9,3.118,,,,, N,7,10.8,0,,,,, FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,2 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,2

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FITEM,2,3 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,3 FITEM,2,4 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,4 FITEM,2,5 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,5 FITEM,2,6 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,6 FITEM,2,7 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,3 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,3 FITEM,2,5 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,5 FITEM,2,7 E,P51X FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,1 !* /GO D,P51X, , , , , ,UX,UY, , , , FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,7 !* /GO D,P51X, , , , , ,UY, , , , , FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,2 FITEM,2,4 E,P51X FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,4 FITEM,2,6 E,P51X FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,1 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-280000 FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,3 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-210000 FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1

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FITEM,2,5 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-280000 FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,7 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-360000 FINISH /SOL /STATUS,SOLU SOLVE FINISH /POST1 !* PRESOL,FORC PLDISP,0 PLDISP,0 !* !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,Y, 0,1.0 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, S,EQV, 0,1.0 !* PLESOL, S,EQV, 0,1.0 etable,saxl,ls pretab,saxl AVPRIN,0,1, ETABLE,1,S,EQV !* AVPRIN,0,1, ETABLE, ,S,X !* !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, S,Y, 0,1.0 !* PLESOL, S,INT, 0,1.0 !* PLESOL, S,Y, 0,1.0 !* PLESOL, S,X, 0,1.0 !* PLESOL, S,EQV, 0,1.0 GPLOT FINISH /SOL FINISH /PREP7 )/GOP

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Problem 4: The problem to be modeled in this example is a simple bicycle frame shown in the following figure. The frame is to be built of hollow aluminum tubing having an outside diameter of 25mm and a wall thickness of 2mm for the main part of the frame.

Solution: The numerical analysis of the given problem is done using Ansys. The pictorial representation of the approach is shown below

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The pink colour arrows in the picture indicates the constraints on the nodes The red colour arrows indicate the direction of forces on the nodes.

The contour plot for the deformation is shown below:

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From the above result we could infer that the maximum deformation of the nodes in the bicycle frame is around 0.13 mm

The contour plot for the von-mises stress is shown below:

The forces on each element is shown below:

PRINT FORC ELEMENT SOLUTION PER ELEMENT ***** POST1 ELEMENT NODE TOTAL FORCE LISTING ***** LOAD STEP= 1 TIME= 1.0000 SUBSTEP= 1 LOAD CASE=

THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z FORCES ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES

ELEM= 1 3 ELEM= 3 4 ELEM= 4 5 ELEM= 5 6 ELEM= 6 7 ELEM= 7 8 ELEM= 8 9 ELEM= 9 10 ELEM= 10 11

1 FX -402.73 402.73 2 FX -402.73 402.73 3 FX -402.73 402.73 4 FX -402.73 402.73 5 FX -402.73 402.73 6 FX -402.73 402.73 7 FX -402.73 402.73 8 FX -402.73 402.73 9 FX -402.73 402.73

FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34 FY 280.34 -280.34

FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.25143E-09-0.24405E-09 5738.6 -0.14818E-11 0.25699E-09 0.24405E-09 -4228.4 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.25661E-09-0.24405E-09 4228.4 -0.14818E-11 0.26216E-09 0.24405E-09 -2718.1 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.26229E-09-0.24405E-09 2718.1 -0.14818E-11 0.26785E-09 0.24405E-09 -1207.9 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.26771E-09-0.24405E-09 1207.9 -0.14818E-11 0.27327E-09 0.24405E-09 302.36 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.27346E-09-0.24405E-09 -302.36 -0.14818E-11 0.27901E-09 0.24405E-09 1812.6 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.27893E-09-0.24405E-09 -1812.6 -0.14818E-11 0.28449E-09 0.24405E-09 3322.9 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.28453E-09-0.24405E-09 -3322.9 -0.14818E-11 0.29008E-09 0.24405E-09 4833.1 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.29024E-09-0.24405E-09 -4833.1 -0.14818E-11 0.29580E-09 0.24405E-09 6343.3 FZ MX MY MZ 0.14818E-11-0.29578E-09-0.24405E-09 -6343.3 -0.14818E-11 0.30134E-09 0.24405E-09 7853.6

Ansys Macro:

/NOPR KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,1 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0

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KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO !* !* /PREP7 !* ET,1,PIPE288 !* !* MPTEMP,,,,,,,, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,,70000 MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.33 !* !* SECTYPE,1,PIPE, ,1 SECDATA,25,2,0,0,1,0,0,0, SECOFFSET,0,0, SECCONTROL,0, SOCEAN,0 !* /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE K,1,0,325,0, K,2,0,400,0, K,3,500,400,0, K,4,500,0,0, K,5,825,0,50, K,6,825,0,-50, LSTR, 1, 2 LSTR, 2, 3 LSTR, 3, 4 LSTR, 4, 1 /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST LSTR, 6, 3 LSTR, 5, 3 LSTR, 6, 4 LSTR, 4, 5 /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST GPLOT /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST

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/ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST TYPE, 1 MAT, 1 REAL, ESYS, 0 SECNUM, 1 !* ESIZE,0,20, FLST,2,8,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-8 LMESH,P51X /UI,MESH,OFF FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,2 !* /GO DK,P51X, , , ,0,ALL, , , , , , FLST,2,2,3,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,5 FITEM,2,-6 !* /GO DK,P51X, , , ,0,UY,UZ, , , , , FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,3 !* /GO FK,P51X,FY,-600 FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,4 !* /GO FK,P51X,FY,-900 /REPLOT,RESIZE FINISH /SOL /STATUS,SOLU SOLVE FINISH /POST1 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,SUM, 0,1.0

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Problem 5

The Simple Conduction Example is constrained as shown in the following figure 5. Thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.

Solution: The numerical analysis of the given problem is done using Ansys as shown below. The model with the thermal constraints on its faces is modelled as shown below:

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The contour plot for the thermal deformation is shown below:

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Ansys Macro: KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,0 KEYW,PR_THERM,1 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO

/PREP7

*SET,length,1.0 *SET,height,1.0 blc4,0,0,length, height ET,1, PLANE55 MP,KXX,1,10 ESIZE,length/20 AMESH,ALL FINISH /SOLU

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ANTYPE,0 NSEL,S,LOC,Y,height D,ALL,TEMP,500 NSEL,ALL NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 NSEL,A,LOC,X,length NSEL,A,LOC,Y,0 D,ALL,TEMP,100 NSEL,ALL SOLVE FINISH /POST1 PLNSOL,TEMP,,0,

Problem 6: A distributed load of 1000 N/m (1 N/mm) will be applied to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The crosssection of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.

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Solution: The numerical solution for the above problem is done using Ansys. The Finite element model with the forces and constraints is shown below:

The contour plot for the deformation is shown below:

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The contour plot for the von mises stress is shown below:

Ansys Macro: KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,1 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,0 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0

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KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO

K,1,0,0 K,2,1000,0 L,1,2 ET,1,BEAM3 R,1,100,833.333,10 MP,EX,1,200000 MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ESIZE,100 LMESH,ALL FINISH /SOLU ANTYPE,0 DK,1,UX,0,,,UY DK,2,UY,0 SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,1 SOLVE FINISH )/GOP

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