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Types of Network: Local Area Network (LAN)

The document discusses different types of computer networks: - Local area networks (LANs) connect computers within a small geographic area like a building or campus. - Metropolitan area networks (MANs) are larger than LANs and connect areas like corporate offices or an entire city. - Wide area networks (WANs) connect LANs that are located far apart using technologies like telephone lines, satellites, or data packet services.

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60 views29 pages

Types of Network: Local Area Network (LAN)

The document discusses different types of computer networks: - Local area networks (LANs) connect computers within a small geographic area like a building or campus. - Metropolitan area networks (MANs) are larger than LANs and connect areas like corporate offices or an entire city. - Wide area networks (WANs) connect LANs that are located far apart using technologies like telephone lines, satellites, or data packet services.

Uploaded by

njk19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Network
Local Area Network (LAN) - LANs are networks usually confined to
a geographic area, such as a single building or a college campus. LANs can be small, linking as few as three computers, but often link hundreds of computers.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - MAN is basically a bigger


version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. It might cover a group of near by corporate offices or a city and might be either private or public.

Wide Area Network (WAN) - Often a network is located in multiple


physical places. Wide area networking combines multiple LANs that are geographically separate. This is accomplished by connecting the different LANs using services such as dedicated leased phone lines, dial-up phone lines (both synchronous and asynchronous), satellite links, and data packet carrier services.

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Star topology

Ring topology

Mesh topology

Pear to Pear

Bus topology

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN interconnects computers (hosts), which are located geographically at long distances. The hosts are connected by communication subnet. The job of the subnet is to carry messages from host to host. The routers are specialized computers. When data arrive on incoming line, the router chooses an outgoing line to forward them on. The collection of communication lines and routers (but not hosts) forms the subnet. Many different networks, including LANs, MANs and WANs are together form an Internet.

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An example for a WAN


(Wide Area Network)
Telecommunication Satellite

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Transmission Media

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Twisted pair
A basic twisted-pair cable consists of two strands of copper wire twisted together. This twisting reduces the sensitivity of the cable to electro magnetic interference.

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Shielded twisted pair


Shielded twisted-pair cabling consists of one or more twisted pairs of cables enclosed in a foil wrap and woven copper shielding. The shield further reduces the tendency of the cable to radiate EMI and thus reduces the cables sensitivity to outside interference.

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Unshielded twisted pair


Unshielded twisted-pair cable doesnt incorporate a braided shield into its structure.

RJ 45 Connector

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Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cables were the first cable types used in LANs. Gets its name because two conductors share a common axis; the cable is most frequently referred to as coax.

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Fiber Optics
The centre conductor of a fiber-optic cable is a fiber that consists of highly refined glass or plastic designed to transmit light signals with little loss. A glass core supports a longer cabling distance, but a plastic core is typically easier to work with. The fiber is coated with a cladding that reflects signals back into the fiber to reduce signal loss. A plastic sheath protects the fiber.

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Microwave

Uplink

Down link

As shown in figure, microwave communication can take two forms: terrestrial (ground) links and satellite links. The frequencies and technologies employed by these two forms are similar, but as youll see, distinct differences exist between them.

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Connectivity Devices
Hubs
The hub's major function is to replicate data it receives from one device attached to it to all others.

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Repeaters
Any electrical signal reaching the repeater from one segment, will be amplified and retransmitted to the other segment. Using repeaters slows the signal's propagation, and thus the amount of repeaters should be limited.

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Bridges
Bridges are used to increase the number of addressable nodes on a network or to link two geographically distant but similar networks.

Routers
A major feature of a router is that it chooses the best route between networks that may have multiple paths between them. IP addressing and subnet masking are used to route packets

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Modems
A modem is a device that converts digital data originating from a computer to analog signals used by voice communication networks, such as the telephone system. A modem may also convert analogue data originating from a (say, a telephone line) to digital data for use by a computer.

Digital Signal
Analog Device

Modulation

Demodulation
Modem

Analog Signal
Digital Device

Analog Signals

Digital Signals

Telephone

Computer

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Digita Signal

Analog Signal

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Internal Modem

External Modem

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Server Client -

Computer that provide shared resources to networks Computer that access shared networks resources provided by server

Microcomputer Microcomputer

Client Printer

Printer
Minicomputer

Server

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Gateways Gateways interface two dissimilar networks. Gateways translate one network protocol into another, thus overcoming both hardware and software incompatibilities.

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The Internet

The Internet is a giant world wide network that connects the Computer systems located throughout the world that are willing to share their resources.

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The Internet The Internet is Network of Networks

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The Internet is a Client /Server system


Not centralized Can be login to another Computer

Public Domain Site


Web servers Mail servers

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Internet Facilities
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)

Tele Medicine
Teleconferencing Internet Shopping Tele Education

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HTML (Hyper Text Mark Up Language) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

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World Wide Web -WWW


* Website * Home Page

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Internet Service Providers ( ISP )


Lanka Internet Service Ltd
Sri Lanka Telecom ITMIN Internet Service Ltd Pan Lanka Networking (pvt) Ltd Ceycom Global Communications Ltd Eureka Online

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Intranet
A privately maintained computer network that can be accessed only by authorized persons especially members or employees of the organization that owns it.

Eg:
Network among branches of a Bank

Network among all schools, Zone, Province and MOE

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Intranet

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