Process Mapping

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 ISO 9000 Documents

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 Liability
• The ISO 9000 series is a vehicle to address liability issues
• Driver was the European Common Market
• Is relevant locally and world wide

Circle (or Cycle) Of Responsibility

Industrialisation

1800's 1930's 1960's

Quality In Hands Quality In Hands

Of 'Operator' or Of Management
Artesian Statistics
&
1990's Data Analysis 1970's
Information Age

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 Base ISO9001:2000 DIS Structure
Section 4: Quality Management Systems Requirements
4.2

Section 5: Management Responsibility

Quality
General Customer Policy Planning Management
Management
Requirement Requirement Objectives Review
System
4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1, 4.2 4.1
4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.16

Section 6: Resource Management Section 8: Measurement, Analysis, Improvement

General Human Information General Measuring / Control Of
Requirement Resources Requirement Monitoring Nonconformity
4.1 4.18 New 4.1o, 4.14, 4.20 4.9, 4.10, 4.17 4.13

Infrastructure Work Analysis of Data Improvement

Environment For Improvement
New New New 4.14

Section 7: Product and / or Service Realization

Production and Service
General Customer-related Design & Purchasing Control of
Operation
Requirement Processes Development Measuring Devices
4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.12,
4.9, 4.19 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.11
4.15, 4.19

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 ISO9000:2000 ‘Process Model’

Quality Management System

Continual Improvement

Management
Responsibility

Resource Measurement,
Customer Analysis, Customer
Management
Requirements Improvement Satisfaction

Input Product Product

Realization
Output

Quality Management
System

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 Business as a Process

C MANAGEMENT C
RESPONSIBILILTY
U U

S RESOURCE S
MANAGEMENT
T T
PROCESS
O MANAGEMENT O
INPUT PROCES OUTPUT
M S M
A P

E C D E

R R
MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS,
IMPROVEMENT

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 Be Ready To Show
How You Comply
Requirement QS 9000 SPEC PHX Level II PIO GDL SPC Levels GUALAJARA SPEC TITLE 2ND AND 3RD LEVELS

CM-305 CM-306
CM-308 CM-309 CM-309 Supplier manufacturing effectiveness survey
Supplier Development 4.6.2 X
CM-310 CM-314 CM-310 New supplier qualification procedure
CM-509 CM-916
Scheduling Subcontractors 4.6.2 X CM-305 CM-314 Flujo, responsabilidad y procedimiento de inspeccion de entrada
Purchasing Data 4.6.3 X CM-302 CM-307 CM-916 Operacion de control de materials (P/P)
Restricted Substances 4.6.3.1 CM-302 General requirements for parts and material quality assurance
Verification of Purchased Product 4.6.4 X CM505 CM-307 Supplier process change control
Supplier Verification at Sub-Contractor's Premises 4.6.4.1 CM-505 Manual de compras
Customer Verification of Sub-Contracted Product 4.6.4.2
Control of Customer Supplied Product 4.7 X CM-918 CM-918 Control de producto suministrado por el cliente
4.7.S X CM-918
Product Identification and Traceability 4.8 12MRE20225W X CC-174 CC-174 Sistema de identificacion y rastreabilidad de productos
4..8.S 12MRE20225W X CC-174
SE112, SE117, SE-106 Seguridad industrial, salud y proteccion ambiental (SSYMA)
EHS StandarHM- SE-107 Manejo de equipos PCBS
1.0, SE106,107, SE-109 Remocion de equipo obsoleto
109,110, 112,113,
Process Control 4.9 X
EHS MANUAL,
Safety sector
manual, Norma
oficial mexicana
Government Safety and Environmental Regulations 4.9 X SE-105 SE-113 Transporte de materiales peligrosos
Designation of Special Characteristics 4.9 12MRM96619A X CC-145, CC149 SE-112 Manejo de materiales y residuos peligrosos
Preventative Maintenance 4.9 MA-100 SE-105 Parametros de operacion en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales
SE-103, CC-175 12MSW00389A, 3er, SE-103 Parametros de operacion de los suministros proporcionados por ingenieria
Process Monitoring and Operator Instructions 4.9.1 12MRM96619A X 12MSW00345A 2o&3er de planta
12MSW00436A Control de descargas electrostaticas
CD-114 12MSW00619A, 3er
12MSW00722A, 2o&3er 12MSW00619A Medicion de particulas en el area de obleas
12MSW00322A, 3er 12MSW00322A Auditoria de caracteristica S.R. del proceso (C.S.R.)
Process Monitoring and Operator Instructions 4.9.1.S X
12MSW00256A, 2o&3er 12MSW00722A Requerimientos de uniforme y proteccion para las areas de
12MSW00436A, 2o&3er produccion
12MSW00231A

(See the Document Mapping Herein)

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 Agenda

Company X Documentation Hierarchy Review

Why Process Maps?

Company X Process Map Elements

Sample Map Review

7 Steps to Process Mapping

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 Initial Expectations
• I suggest you make and use a ‘history’ binder.
• Make a list of your departmental ‘responsibilities’.

Think INPUTS and OUTPUTS

• Prioritize each into ‘Tiers’ or ‘Levels’ in accordance with the
Document Pyramid herein. Please categorization is
approximate.
• Make a Plan or Schedule for each.
• I will want to meet with each of you to discuss your list
within 2 weeks (the week of the 8th to the 12th).
• Always ask, as the auditor will:
“Does this affect the quality of your product(s)?”
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 Documentation Tiers

Tier 1 Quality Defines Policy, Objectives, &

Manual Approach

Tier 2 Company X Define Who, What, and When

Process Maps of our Business Processes.

Process Product Define the ‘How’ of Process

Tier 3 Tasks.
Operating Specific
Documents Documents
( Routings, Prints, Etc.)

Tier 4 Results / Evidence of

Forms and Tags Process Records Process Activities

Tier 5 Ad Hoc / Temporary Documentation

(Data Collection Sheets made for special investigations, Temp Material Tags)

Requirements flow from the top down.

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 Typical Documentation Tiers
We ensure flow down of
requirements from the top down
Defines Policy,
Quality Objective and
Tier 1 Assurance Approach
Manual (Non-Specific)

Defines Who, What

Tier 2 Policies & Procedures and When

Department Product &

Tier 3 Specific Process
Documents & Answers How
Instructions
Instructions

Tier 4 Forms & Tags Objective Evidence The Results

Records

Ad Hoc, Temporary Documents

Tier 5 E.g.: Data collection sheets made for special investigations and
temporary material identity tags.

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 Mapping - Two Aspects
Document Map from top down.
Document Do these agree cited in The Quality Systems
being mapped and make document Manual on down to local
- Internal sense? being mapped Tier IV’s
Citation

1. Pick a document to map.

2. Verify all internal references are valid
QS 9000 Line and that they ‘make sense’ and that the
Item Matrix
requirements flow is always down
3. Enter the document number (the one
being mapped) in the appropriate
column and row of the QS 9000 Line
Item Matrix.
4. Examine matrix for redundancy.
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 ISO 9000 Line Item Matrix Mapping
After verifying internal links for existence
and continuity, one maps the document to
the requirements matrix while checking
for redundancy.

Matrix Class (Document Type) Listing is

Descending Tier Hierarchy
QA AIAG
Requirement QS 9000 Man. Ref. Corp. SOP PIO 12MRM-
Analysis and Use of Company-Level Data 4.1.5 X SOP 4-15, SOP 8-13
Customer Satisfaction & Customer Complaints 4.1.6 X
Quality System 4.2
General 4.2.1 X SOP 4-9
Quality System Procedures 4.2.2 X
Quality Planning (per APQP & CP) 4.2.3 X APQP SOP 4-15
Use Of Cross Functional Teams (per APQP & CP) 4.2.3 X
Feasibility Reviews (per APQP & CP) 4.2.3 X
Control Plans (Prototype, Pre-Launch & Production) 4.2.3 X
PFMEA (per PFM&EA Ref. Manual) 4.2.3 X 12MRM96619A
Key/Critical/Special Characteristics 4.2.3 X
Contract Review 4.3 SOP 3-47
General 4.3.1 X 12MRM95827A

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 Mapping Aspects
• Mapping starts at the top with the QA Systems Manual. This may be a
sector manual or it may be a local manual.
• Verification - When you map documents, you ‘verify’ links between
documents (where one document cites another within it). The first thing
to verify is that the cited document exists.
• A second aspect of mapping is to verify that the content of the citation
is relative. This is to say that the links should ‘make sense’. If a citation
in one document says something like “The audit will be performed in
accordance with procedure ABC-1234” and procedure ABC-1234 is
titled ‘Calibration of Pressure Gages’, it is evident that the link is NOT
Valid! It does not make sense!
• After verifying that the linked document both exists and that the links
are ‘relative’ and make sense, the document is mapped to the matrix
relative to the mapping project. In our case the matrix is QS 9000 line
items against the document ‘class’.

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 After You Map...
After you map your documentation (Verification), you
have to Validate your documentation. You Validate
your document(s) by stepping through the actual
process in step with the associated document. Each
step must exist and must be in the order of the
documents’ procession.

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 Typical Operations Flowchart

Account
Management

Sales / Order Order to Procure Build Ship Bill Collect

Marketing Receipt MFG. Material Product Product Customer Money

Mrkting Process Order Review Verify Inputs Review Reqmts Review Doc. Pack. Confirm Date Mail Invoice Receive Payments
Sales Process Gen. Doc. Plan the Job Make vs. Buy Kit Materials Create Pack. Docs. Resolve Disputes
Quote Process Acknowl. Order Release for Purch 7 Select Supplier Set up Equip. Create / Dist Invoice
Credit Approval Notify Mfg. Mfg. Issue RFQ Mfg. per Route Card Sched. Carrier
Place Orders Package Generate Ship. Docs.
Eval. Incoming Matls Send to Finish goods Pass to shipper
Material Dispo. File Paperwork
Autorize Supp. pay

Support Processes

Quality Document Facilities Material

Management Systems Training
Control Processes Stocking
Processes Internal Audits
Results / Forecasts Procedures &
Business Plan Standards
Mgmnt Mtgs. Control of Test Personnel Corrective Financial
Equipment Processes Action Processes

Design Supplier Customer Customer Preventative

Data Security
Engineering Approval Complaints Services Maintenance

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 Business As A System
Design Product (A Series Of Processes)

Purchase Mfg Processes

Materials

MOS
Receive
Wafer Fab Assembly Ship
Materials

Die (Wafer) Test Device Test

FDMO
Process Validations
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 Use a Process Flow Chart!
Because:

• You want to understand your current process

• You are looking for opportunities to improve
• You want to illustrate a potential solution
• You have improved a process and want to document
the new process

Let’s Try A Process Flow Chart

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 Creating a Process Flow Chart
1. Identify the process or task you want to analyze. Defining the
scope of the process is important because it will keep the
improvement effort from becoming unmanageable.
2. Ask the people most familiar with the process to help construct
the chart.
3. Agree on the starting point and ending point. Defining the scope
of the process to be charted is very important, otherwise the
task can become unwieldy.
4. Agree on the level of detail you will use. It’s better to start out
with less detail, increasing the detail only as needed to
accomplish your purpose.

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 Creating a Process Flow Chart
5. Look for areas for improvement
• Is the process standardized, or are the people doing the work in different ways?
• Are steps repeated or out of sequence?
• Are there steps that do not ad value to the output?
• Are there steps where errors occur frequently?
• Are there rework loops?

6. Identify the sequence and the steps taken to carry out

the process.
7. Construct the process flow chart either from left to right or from
top to bottom, using the standard symbols and connecting the
steps with arrows.
8. Analyze the results.
• Where are the rework loops?
• Are there process steps that don’t add value to the output?
• Where are the differences between the current and the desired situation?

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 Early Process Flow Diagram

• Inspection Points
• Inspection Frequency
• Instrument
• Measurement Scale
• Sample Preparation
• Inspection/Test Method
• Inspector
• Method of Analysis

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 Basic Flow Chart Example
Start

Receive Raw Receive

Manufactured Parts Parts Purchased Parts
Materials

Bad Bad Bad Bad

Inspect Disposition Inspect

Move to Start Move to

Production Production

Process
Material

Bad
Inspect

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 Basic Flow Chart Example

Assemble

Functional Bad
Disposition
Test

Package

Ship

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 START
Top Level Flow
GRIND WAFFLER TEST
1 7

FRONT METAL (NO) FINAL OUTGOING

REQUIRED? INSPECTION
2 8

(YES)

FRONT METAL PACKAGE

3 9

(NO) LASER MARK

REQUIRED? YIELDING
4 OPERATION
10
(YES)

LASER MARK DELIVER TO

5 DIE CAGE
11
END

PC TEST
6
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Process Mapping G. WASHINGTON(1/98)
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 Why Process Maps?

Maps draw a picture that allows the reader to ‘visualize’ the

process flow. “A picture is worth a thousand words”

These Process ‘pictures’ allow the reader to see the process

inputs and outputs as well as links to other processes.

By ‘linking’ all the process maps together, we can verify that

all the individual processes flow appropriately and that
references from one Map to another make sense.
This makes its easier for auditors as well!

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 Process Map Elements
There are 8 elements / sections to a Company X Process Map

They are:
1) Purpose Statement

2) Scope Statement

3) Main Process Inputs

4) Main Process Outputs

5) Process Responsibilities Listing

6) Process Flow Chart

7) Essential Controls Listing

8) Quality Measure

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 Process Map Elements
1) Purpose Statement 3) Main Process Inputs

This should be a single sentence stating A list of the Main Process Inputs
what process the procedure is describing and where they come from.

Example: The purpose of this procedure is to Example:

describe the process by which Company X Request for new Supplier from the
will approve suppliers. Purchasing Process

2) Scope Statement 4) Main Process Outputs

This should be 1 or 2 sentence describing A list of the Main Process Outputs

the boundaries of the process described in and where they go to.
the procedure. Also use this section for
defining abbreviations and jargon as well as Example:
referencing other documents Approved Supplier to the Approved
Supplier List
Example: This procedure applies to the
approval of all suppliers of materials that
make up the final products shipped to
Company X’ customers.

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 Company X Process Map Elements
5) Process Responsibilities 7) Essential Controls

A list of the major / critical responsibilities A list of elements that must happen or
associated with the process. This list is be in place for the process to be successful.
typically 3 - 5 items long. This list is typically 3 - 5 items long.

Example: It is the responsibility of the Example: An Approved Supplier List is

Purchasing Agent to ensure that they are generated and maintained. Disqualified
purchasing production material from suppliers are maintained on a Disqualified
Approved Suppliers. Supplier List.

6) Process Flow Chart 8) Quality Measure

A flow chart showing the process inputs & A statement describing the 1- 2 (maximum)
outputs as well as the process sequence measures that will be used to monitor the
with defined functional responsibilities. successful execution of the process.
Remember: If we say we do it we have to!
See Flow Chart examples.
Example: The number of number supplier
caused defects found at Incoming Inspection.

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 Company X Process Map
Sample Review

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 7 Steps to Process Mapping

1) Gather and Review all existing documentation

2) Identify Weaknesses of the current documentation / process

3) Identify Inputs and Outputs of the Process

4) Generate a Draft Procedure

5) Review Draft Procedure with XXXX

6) Develop an Implementation Plan

7) Release the Document, Implement the Process and Audit

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 Company X Process Mapping Worksheets

The following sheets have been designed to help your team organize your thoughts and actions as you work through the mapping
of your process. Please fill out all sections as completely as possible. If you have any questions feel free to give me a call at 777-
3394.

Thank you.

Process Name:

Team Members:

Date Started

Projected Step Completion Dates

Step 1:_____________ Step 5: ___________

Step 2:_____________ Step 6: ___________

Step 3:_____________ Step 7: ____________

Step 4:_____________

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 Company X Process Mapping Steps
Step
Step1:1:Gather
Gather(sweepes)
(sweepes)and
andreview
review Step
Step2:
2:Identify
Identifycurrent
currentweaknesses
weaknesses
all existing Process Documentation.
all existing Process Documentation. of each Document.
of each Document.

Doc No. Document Name Weaknesses

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 Identify Main Process Inputs and Outputs
Step 3: Identify the Main Process Inputs and the Outputs.

Input From

Output To

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 Generate a Draft of the Process Steps

6.0 Process Flowchart As a team, flowchart the the process before writing the rest of the document’s sections.
Attach a copy of the flowchart to the back of this sheet.

After you have completed your flow chart, fill in the rest of the sections of the Map.

1.0 Purpose:

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 Generate a Draft of the Process Map
2.0 Scope:

Definitions: Abbreviations: References:

3.0 Main Process Inputs See Step 3 of this package

4.0 Main Process Outputs See step 3 of this package

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 Steps in Generating a Process map
5.0 Process Responsibilities

7.0 Essential Controls

8.0 Quality Measure

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 Review the Draft Process Map with the
Taem

Review Results:
OK to Implement Changes Recommended

Record Of Recommended Changes:

Date of Next Review:

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 Implementation Plan for the Process and Documentation.

Step
Step6:
6: Create
Createan
anImplementation
ImplementationPlan
Planfor
forthe
theProcess
Processand
andDocumentation.
Documentation.

What Who When How Status

Disposition of old documents

Training

Communicating

Quality Measure Implementation

Get on Audit Schedule

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