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5.periodic Function

1) The document discusses Fourier series representations of periodic functions over intervals of length L. It provides the formulas to calculate the Fourier coefficients for even, odd and general periodic functions. 2) It then gives two examples of piecewise functions and calculates their Fourier series representations. The first example has a period of 4 and is an odd function. The second has a period of 2 and is neither even nor odd. 3) For each example, it sketches the graph of the function, determines the interval length L, and whether the function is even/odd. It then calculates the Fourier coefficients to obtain the Fourier series representation.

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Atikah J
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116 views7 pages

5.periodic Function

1) The document discusses Fourier series representations of periodic functions over intervals of length L. It provides the formulas to calculate the Fourier coefficients for even, odd and general periodic functions. 2) It then gives two examples of piecewise functions and calculates their Fourier series representations. The first example has a period of 4 and is an odd function. The second has a period of 2 and is neither even nor odd. 3) For each example, it sketches the graph of the function, determines the interval length L, and whether the function is even/odd. It then calculates the Fourier coefficients to obtain the Fourier series representation.

Uploaded by

Atikah J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Fourier series with periods (-l, l)


1) f(x) =
2
o
a
+

=
)
`

+
1
sin cos
n
n n
x
L
n
b x
L
n
a
t t
,

2) a
o
=
}

L
L
dx x f
L
) (
1

3) a
n
=
}

L
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
t
cos ) (
1

4) b
n
=
}

L
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
t
sin ) (
1


If the funtion is even or half-range
cosine series, then
1) f(x) =
2
o
a
+

=
)
`

1
cos
n
n
x
L
n
a
t
,

2) a
o
=
}
L
dx x f
L
0
) (
2

3) a
n
=
}
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
0
cos ) (
2 t


If the function is odd or half-range sine
series, then
1) f(x) =

=
)
`

1
sin
n
n
x
L
n
b
t
,
2) b
n
=
}
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
0
sin ) (
2 t

2
Eg1
Given

< <
< <
=
2 0 , 1
0 2 , 1
) (
x
x
x f
f(x) = f(x + 4)
a) Sketch the graph of f(x)
b) Determine the Fourier series for f(x)

Sol

2L = 4
L = 2
The function is odd, so contain sine
terms only, i.e. a
o
= 0 & a
n
= 0.

f(x) = =

=
)
`

1
sin
n
n
x
L
n
b
t
, L = 2
3
b
n
=
}
L
dx
L
x n
x f
L
0
sin ) (
2 t

=
}
2
0
2
sin ) ( dx
x n
x f
t

=
}
2
0
2
sin dx
x nt

=
2
0
2
cos
2
(

x n
n
t
t

= | | 1 cos
2
t
t
n
n

=

=
=
even n
odd n
n
, 0
,
4
t


f(x) =

=
)
`

1
sin
n
n
x
L
n
b
t
, L = 2
=

=
)
`

1
2
sin
n
n
x
n
b
t

)
`

+ + + ...
2
5
sin
5
1
2
3
sin
3
1
2
sin
4
x x x
t t t
t


Eg2
Given

< <
< < +
=
1 0 , 0
0 1 , ) 1 ( 2
) (
x
x x
x f
4
f(x) = f(x + 2)
c) Sketch the graph of f(x)
d) Determine the Fourier series for f(x)

Sol


2L = 2
L = 1
The function is neither odd nor even, so
contain a
o
and both cosine and sine
terms.

f(x) =
2
o
a
+

=
)
`

+
1
sin cos
n
n n
x
L
n
b x
L
n
a
t t
, L =1

1) a
o
=
}

L
L
dx x f
L
) (
1
, L =1
5
=
}

1
1
) ( dx x f
=
}

+
0
1
) 1 ( 2 dx x
=
0
1
2
2
2

+
x
x
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
2
) 1 (
1 0 2
2

= 1

2) a
n
=
}

L
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
t
cos ) (
1
, L = 1
=
}

1
1
cos ) ( xdx n x f t
=
}

+
0
1
cos ) 1 ( 2 xdx n x t
=
0
1
2
) (
cos sin ) 1 (
2

+
+
t
t
t
t
n
x n
n
x n x

=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
2 2
) (
) 1 ( cos
0
) (
1
0 2
t
t
t n
n
n

= | | t
t
n
n
cos 1
) (
2
2

6
=

=
=
even n
odd n
n
, 0
,
4
2 2
t


3) b
n
=
}

L
L
xdx
L
n
x f
L
t
sin ) (
1
, L =1
=
}

1
1
sin ) ( xdx n x f t
=
}

+
0
1
sin ) 1 ( 2 xdx n x t
=
0
1
2
) (
sin cos ) 1 (
2

+
+

t
t
t
t
n
x n
n
x n x

= ( )
(

+ 0 0 0
1
2
t n

=
t n
2


a
o
= 1, a
n
=

=
=
even n
odd n
n
, 0
,
4
2 2
t
,b
n
=
t n
2

f(x) =
2
o
a
+

=
)
`

+
1
sin cos
n
n n
x
L
n
b x
L
n
a
t t
, L =1
=
2
o
a
+ { }

=
+
1
sin cos
n
n n
x n b x n a t t
7
=
2
1
+
)
`

+ + + ... 5 cos
25
1
3 cos
9
1
cos
4
2
x x x t t t
t

-
)
`

+ + + ... 3 sin
3
1
2 sin
2
1
sin
2
x x x t t t
t

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