Possible Questions on Piaget and His Theory 1. Two identical beakers A and B are presented to the child.

The teacher pours the liquid from B to C, which is taller and thinner than both A and B. The teacher asks which beaker has the most amount of water. The child points at beaker C. In what cognitive developmental stage the child is? A. Formal Operational Stage C. PreOperational Stage B. Concrete Operational Stage D. Sensorimotor Stage 2. Liz's mother has two crackers, both equal in size. She broke one of the crackers into four pieces. Liz's wants more crackers so she chose the cracker which was divided to four pieces. What does Liz's choice illustrate? A. Assimilation C. Accommodation B. Centration D. Conservation 3. Which level of cognitive development will properties of mathematical operations can be taught? A. PreOperational Stage C. Formal Operational Stage B. SensoriMotor Stage D. Concrete Operational Stage Correct Answers: 1. C- The child manifests centration which is one of the characteristics of preoperational children. 2. D- Liz has not yet develop conservation, or the ability to know that certain properties like the mass do not change even if there is a change in appearance. 3. D- At this stage, children know the concept of reversibility. Principles And Strategies Of Teaching ( Overview)/ Sample LET Questions The Teaching Profession: An Overview "If your plan is for one year.....plant rice; if your plan is for ten years....plant a tree; but if your plan is for eternity...EDUCATE children." (Confucius) A. Basic Concepts STRATEGY OF TEACHING---refers to the science of developing a plan to attain goal and to guard against undesirable results. It means the art of using psychological plan in order to increase the probabilities and favorable consequences of success and to lessen the chances of failure. METHOD OF TEACHING-----refers to the series of related and progressive acts performed by a teacher and the students to attain the specific objectives of the lesson. It is a plan involving sequence of steps to achieve a given goal or objective. TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING--refers to the personalized style of carrying out a particular step of a given method. It is a skill employed by the teacher in carrying on the procedures or act of teaching. DEVICE----is a teaching aid or tool to facilitate instruction. Examples: pictures, flash cards, etc. Direction: Choose the best answer from the choices given.

1. The characteristic of instructional plans allow the parts to have a smooth flow of transition. A. Clarity C. Coherence B. Symmetry D. Conciseness 2. Realia is used whenever it is A. Available C. Affordable B. Feasible D. Plausible 3. To show how blood circulates in the heart, which of the following devices will be the best choice A. Model C. Replica B. Mock-up D. Realia 4. An activity to help students activate prior knowledge before beginning a new topic. A. LINK C. SQ3R B. 2x4x8 teaching D. One on one teaching 5. When a teacher is fair, caring and approachable, she is exercising her _________power. A. Referent power C. Reward Power B. Legitimate power D. Expert Power

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION TEST (SAMPLE LET ITEMS WITH RATIONALIZATIONS)

1. A. B. 2. A. B. 3. A. B. 4. A. B. 5. A. B. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Yuan always waits at his neighbor Gerald every morning. He enjoys seeing him while biking and imitates the actions of Gerald while he rides his own bike. Who is the proponent of Social Learning Theory which applies in the situation? Bandura C. Bruner Kohlberg D. Skinner RATIONALIZATION: A- Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory and advocated that children learn from what they see in the environment. A child submitted a poor written report but packaged with brightly colored paper. This showcases_______. Art over academics C. art over science Substance over porma D. porma over substance RATIONALIZATION: D- When a student focuses more on designs and embellishments rather than of content of a report, then it shows porma over substance. With the use of mnemonics, the students are able to _____information. Analyze C. understand Apply D. remember RATIONALIZATION: D-mnemonics like My Dear Aunt Sally to mean multiplication, division, addition and subtraction help students remember information easily According to Krathwohls affective domain of objectives,________ is the lowest level of affective behavior. Valuing C. responding Organization D. characterization RATIONALIZATION: C-the arrangement of Krathwohls affective domain is responding, valuing, organization and characterization. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is close to her father. These instances are under_. Oedipal complex C. phallic stage Latent stage D. Pre-genital stage RATIONALIZATION: C-when a boy is closer to the mother (Oedipus complex) and a girl is closer to her father (Electra complex), these instances are under Freuds phallic stage in the Psychosexual Development Theory.

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION Teacher Abi asks one of her students, What do you want to become when you grow up? This question is an indication of what kind of philosophy? A. Progressivism C. Existentialism B. Naturalism D. Idealism RATIONALIZATION: D-idealism because it stresses the existence of ideas independent from the material world. Ideas that which exist in the mind are the only reality. 1.

2. A. B. 3. A. B. 4. A. B. 5. A. B.

Teacher Jessy has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but also imparted this to her students. This demonstrates what kind of philosophy? Naturalism C. Realism Idealism D. Perennialism RATIONALIZATION: C-realism concerns with what is real, actual. For ideas to be realized, they must be transferred or demonstrated. Which pillar of learning aimed in the acquisition of the instrument of understanding in order to develop the students learn-to-learn skills? Learning to do C. learning to live together Learning to know D. learning to be RATIONALIZATION: B- learning to know implies learning how to earn by developing ones concentration, memory skills and ability to think, acquiring the instrument of understanding. In his class, Teacher Jakob always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to examine them and decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice? Idealism C. Humanism Essentialism D. Existentialism RATIONALIZATION: D-Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes subjectivity, freedom and responsibility. When a teacher emphasizes that mans sense should be trusted because they are the only way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as____. Naturalist C. Empiricist Realist D. Pragmatist RATIONALIZATION: C-empiricism upholds that the only source of knowledge is the senses and sense-based experience. PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF TEACHING The school conducted a general student election for the Supreme Student Council. The election is patterned after the COMELEC system. The school is using what kind of technique? Symposium C. Panel discussion Simulation D. Dramatization RATIONALIZATION: B-simulation is an activity that simulates almost real-life situation. Other applications of simulation are the following: simulated flight for aviation students, assigning student to be the mayor of the day. During problem solving method, the teachers primary role is: Director C. lecturer Clarifier D. judge RATIONALIZATION: B-during problem solving activities, the teacher acts as a clarifier especially when students are in doubt how to go about the problem. Which among the following devices can be a scaled replica of a certain object? Mock ups C. globes Models D. maps RATIONALIZATION: B- models like Heart Models are scaled replicas. Which of the following would be the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change? Dramatization C. role play Field study D. simulation RATIONALIZATION: C-role playing allows the child to shows his own personal emotions and therefore is a good option when focusing on attitudinal change. This method relies heavily upon showing the learners a model performance. Activity C. reporting Demonstration D. field study RATIONALIZATION: B- demonstration includes Teacher-Directed Demo, Student-Directed Demo, Teacher-Student Directed Demo and Resource Person-Directed Demo.

1. A. B. 2. A. B. 3. A. B. 4. A. B. 5. A. B.

APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES IN EDUCATION

NATURALISM o Naturalism stands for a democratic and universal way-everyone must be educated in the same manner o Education is in accordance to human development and growth o Emphasis is given more on the physical development-informal exercise-and hygiene of the person rather of the 3 Rs

o Aims to unfold the childs potential not to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position -but to prepare him to adapt to the changing times and needs o Consequently, ones conduct is governed by impulse, instincts and experience. o It puts the child at the center of educational process and prepares him to experience life as it is. IDEALISM o Ideas are the only true reality, the ultimate truths for matter is nothing but just a mere representation of ideas. o Emphasis is given on knowledge obtained by speculation and reasoning for its central tenet is that ideas are the only things worth knowing for o Focus is on conscious reasoning of the mind in order to attain truth. This includes the activities pertinent to the human mind such as introspection and intuition and the use of logic o Its aim is to discover the full potentials in child and cultivates it in order to prepare him for a better position in the society and for him to serve the society better o Emphasis is given on subjectsphilosophy, literature, religion and historythat will develop and enhance the mind of the child o Methods used in teaching include lecture, discussion and Socratic dialogue o Character development is through emulation of examples and heroes REALISM o The most effective way to find about reality is to study it through organized, separate and systematically arranged matteremphasis is on subject matter concerning Science and Mathematics o Methods used in teaching include recitation, experimentation and demonstration o Character development is through training in the rules of conduct EXIXTENTIALISM o Subject matter is personal choice o Learning is based on the willingness of the student to choose and give meaning to the subject o Emphasis is given on the students rather than on the curriculum content o Students should not be treated as objects to be measured and standardized o Methods are geared on giving opportunities for the students for self-actualization and self-direction o Character development is through the responsibility of every individual in making a decision ESSENTIALISM o Schooling is practical for this will prepare students to become competent and valuable members of the society o Focuses on the basics-reading, writing, speaking and the ability to compute (arithmetic) o Subjects that are given emphasis include geography, grammar, reading, history, mathematics, art and hygiene o Stresses the values of hard work, perseverance, discipline and respect to authorities o Students should be taught to think logically and systematically-grasping not just the parts but the whole o Methods of teaching center on giving regular assignments, drills, recitation, frequent testing and evaluation PRAGMATISM o Involves students to work in groups o Methods of teaching include experimentation, project making and problem solving. o Stresses on the application of what have learned rather that the transfer of the organized body of knowledge PERENNIALISM o Some of the ideas in the past are still being taught because they are significant o Curriculum should contain cognitive subjects that cultivate rationality, morality, aesthetics and religious principles. This includes history, language, mathematics, logic, literature, humanities and science. o Curriculum must be based on recurrent themes of human life for it views education as a recurring process based on eternal truths o The teacher must have the mastery of the subject matter and authority in exercising it. o Aims for the education of the rational personto develop mans power of thoughtthe central aim of this philosophy PROGRESSIVISM o Focuses on the child as a whole rather than of the content or the teacher o Curriculum content comes from the questions and interests of the students o Emphasis is given on the validation of ideas by the students through active experimentation

o Methods of teaching include discussions, interaction (teacher with students) and group dynamics o Opposes the extreme reliance on bookish method of instruction, learning through memorization, the use of fear and punishment and the four walled philosophy of education CONSTRUCTIVISM o A philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of human conceptions. It is the individual who constructs reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it. o Learning is the process of adjusting ones mental modes to accommodate new experience. RECONSTRUCTIVISM o Schools should originate policies and progress that will bring social reforms and orders o Teachers should be an instrument to encourage and lead students in the program or social reforms o Curriculum emphasizes on social reforms as the aim of education. It focuses on student experience and taking social actions on real problems o Method of teaching include the problem-oriented type (students are encouraged to critically examine cultural heritage), group discussions, inquiry, dialogues, interactions and community-based learning o The classroom will serve as a laboratory in experimenting school practices bringing the world into the classroom BEHAVIORISM o Asserts that human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment o The only reality is the physical world NATIONALISM o The most important development was the creation of common language o Stresses on the teaching of the principles of democracy, and duties of citizenship o Stimulates the development of the state which includes the control and support of public school system o Curriculum includes the teaching of grammar, geography and history o Method of teaching gives emphasis on the content regarding on nature studies, physical exercises and play activities HUMANISM o Education is a process and should not be taken abruptly. The unfolding of human character proceeds with unfolding of nature o The learner should be in control of his destiny o Concern is more on methods which include theme writing rather than oral discussions, drills and exercises, playing o Asserts the importance of playing in the curriculum o Emphasizes motivations and the use of praise and rewards o Curriculum includes subjects concerning literary appreciation, physical education, social training in manners and development

MAJOR: ENGLISH