Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

Turbine Governor
Purpose
The purpose of the governor is to control the fuel flow to the gas turbine during acceleration from start to operation, and deceleration to stop in such way that set limits are not exceeded.
Figure Display Turbine Governor (General ilustrations)

Abbreviations used in display111 Island Mode

T0 T7

Inlet air temperature to GG Power turb. exhaust temperature Air pressure after compressor Voltage Active power Reactive power Frequence Power factor Ampere

BV1 Open BV2 IGV NGG NGG*

Only for training

NPT
s

Bleed valve No. 1 Position P3 Bleed valve No. 2 Position U Inlet guide vane Position P Gas generator speed Q Calculated gas generator speed f Power turbine speed PF
I

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

General
The turbine governor is digital and realised in the ADVANT Controller 110 and Master Piece 280/1 Process Stations and set of AC servo driver boards. Positioning is mainly electrical, i.e. electrical signals from the turbine governor control AC servo motors, these motors actuate the fuel control valves and the inlet guide vanes. The controlled bleed valve 2 is provided with a pneumatic actuator.

Principles of the Function The principal components (see figure below) are:
Transducer (1) Set values (2)

for sensing governed variables e.g. speed (actual values).

of the controlled parameters.

All incoming sensed quantities are composed with their setpoint and the deviation is adapted to derive the signals that control the servo motor drivers.
Control channels (3) AC Servo motor drivers (4):

The drivers transform the output signals from the governor

into servo phase currents.

vanes.

transform the phase currents into torques that move the valves and positions the the controlled bleed valve 2.

Pneumatic actuator (6)

Fuel

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IGV

PT

Only for training

BV2

The actual value of the speeds are brought to the governor as a pulse train, other feed2 (8)

Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

backs are transmitted in the form of standard current signals. In the various control channels the actual values are compared with their respective set values. The difference between actual and set value gives an error signal which is proportional to the governor output signal. The output signal (10V) is proportional to the servo motor speed. The direction of the motor is determined by the sign of the output signal. When the actual set and real values are equal, the servo motor halts. The control signals from the various control channels are connected to the servo motor drivers via minimum selectors, thus the fuel flow is controlled by the channel requiring the smallest valve opening. An exception to this is the gas generator deceleration control which is connected through a maximum selector. Idling fuel is thereby always supplied to the turbine regardless of whether another control channel requires a smaller valve opening. The channel in control is indicated on the VDU. The block diagram on last page shows the principles of the control system.

T0 INLET TEMP. NGG GGT SPEED P3 COMPR. PRESSURE GUIDE VANE BLEED VALVE 2

P7 EXHAUST PRESSURE XGCP PRIMARY GAS XGCM MAIN GAS PEL T7 EXHAUST TEMP. FG NPT LOAD POWER TURB. SPEED FN

See page 2

M DT DT M

COMBUSTION COMPRESSOR TURBINE POWER TURBIN

Only for training

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Figure. Principle of the function

Start up When starting up, the fuel control valve is opened by the sequenser at the same time as

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

the ignition is switched on. The starting control controls the fuel flow according to a schedule up to gas generator idle speed. At approximately idle speed the gasgenerator speed control takes over and ramps the gas generator speed up to synchronous speed of the power turbine. Now the frequency/load control takes over. Synchronizing When the AC-generator has reached nominal voltage, the grid frequency discriminator is connected to bias the frequency/load control. In this way the correct synchronizing speed is achieved. Normal operation The frequency/load control governs the output according to the load set point and the droop setting. For operation on small networks and 0% droop, the frequency is controlled independently of the load. For operation on larger grid networks the droop setting must be greater than 0%. The output is controlled by means of the load control error signal. By the droop setting, a frequency increase provides a load reduction, and a frequency reduction provides load increase. Load limitation The gas turbine output is limited by the gas generator exhaust temperature control (limiter). The setpoint of the temperature control is a function of the pressure drop over the power turbine.
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Only for training

Gas generator acceleration

Surging and transient over temperatures in the gas generator at load pick up are prevented by the gas generator acceleration control. The maximum servo position possible

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

is restricted as a function of the gas generator speed. Gas generator deceleration To prevent the combustor flame from extinguishing during a rapid reduction of the turbine load, the turbine governor has a deceleration control. The gas generator deceleration control ensures that the lowest possible fuel quantity, sufficient for keeping a stable flame, is supplied to the combustor when the gas generator is slowed down. The deceleration control also prevents the gas generator speed from dropping to a too low value.

Minimum Selector The control signals from the various control channels are connected to the drive unit controller via minimum selectors, thus the flow is controlled by the channel requiring the lowest servo position. Maximum Selector An exception to this is the gas generator deceleration control which controls through a maximum selector. Idling fuel is thereby always supplied to the turbine regardless of whether another control channel requires a lower servo position. Each controlling channel is provided with an indicator which is lit when the channel is in control.

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Low NOx combustor

When provided with dry low NOx combustor for gas fuel firing the unit is equipped with dual gas fuel control valves. One primary valve for start and low load operation and a main valve for high load operation. The governor controls these two valves in a way that the desired sequence is obtained.

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

Normal stop At a normal stop the governor ramps down the output load to zero, then brings the fuel control valve(s) to minimum position. Emergency stop At a trip order, the governor quickly closes the fuel control valve(s). Bleed valve 2 and guide vane control Both parameters are controlled as a function of the gas generator speed. The bleed valve has a feed forward to open it quickly at load rejections.

Technical data Fuel servo response Bleed valve response Inlet guide vane response Frequency dead band Frequency adjustment Droop setting 0.35 sec/full stroke 1.2 sec/full stroke 1.5 sec/full stroke 0% adjustable is optional 10% 0 - 10%

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Legend for block diagram

BV2 DFN

Bleed valve 2 position Grid frequency deviation Gas generator Inlet guide vane position AC servo motor actuator

Only for training

GG
s

IGV M

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

MIN MAX NGG NPT P PDP PEL PT DPPT T0 T7 XGCP XGCM

Minimum fuel requirements selector Maximum fuel requirements selector Gas generator rotor speed Power turbine rotor speed Proportional control Proportional derivative proportional control Active load Power turbine Pressure drop over the power turbine Ambient temperature Power turbine exhaust temperature Energy flow, gas fuel, primary valve Energy flow, gas fuel, main valve

Only for training

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Basic Training Course GT10B2 / Turbine Governor

Block Diagram

STOP
GG DECELERATION CONTROL P

GAS FUEL PRIMARY CONTROL VALVE

XGCP

M A X

M I N

AC SERVO MOTOR DRIVER

T3

SPLIT RANGE CONTROL

XGCP+ XGCM

MANUAL STROKE LIMITER P START & FUEL CHANGE CONTROL P

GAS FUEL MAIN CONTROL VALVE

M I N
STOP

M I N

AC SERVO MOTOR DRIVER

XGCP+ XGCM+

GG ACCELERATION CONTROL P GG SPEED CONTROL PDP PT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE CONTROL PDP FREQUENCY & LOAD CONTROL PDP LOAD LOSS DETECTION D INLET GUIDE VANE CONTROL P BLEED VALVE 2 CONTROL AC SERVO MOTOR DRIVER

NGG

T7

M I N

NPT F N

EL

NGG IGV

M
INLET GUIDE VANES

BLEED VALVE 2

Only for training

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