LESSON PLAN (Linda Bolin) Lesson Title: Linear Relationships: Tables, Equations, and Graphs Course: Pre-Algebra Date:

March Lesson 2 Utah State Core Content and Process Standards: 3.1a Represent a relation using tables, graphs, algebraic symbols, and mathematical rules a) 3.3e Model real-world linear relations with two variables using manipulatives and pictures b) 3.3c Graph linear equations using ordered pairs or tables c) 3.3d Recognize that all first order equations produce linear graphs Lesson Objective(s): Model real world linear data using tables, graphs, rules and expressions Enduring Essential Questions: Where can situations when the value of one variable depends Understanding (Big on the value of another be found in real life? Ideas): Linear relationships How can a graph, a table, an ordered pair, or an algebraic rule help you describe the relationship between two variables? How can I represent an equation using ordered pairs? How is graphing a linear equation from ordered pairs similar to graphing a linear equation using a table? How can I recognize an equation that will produce a linear graph?
Skill Focus: Creating tables, graphs and equations to model linear data Vocabulary Focus: Relationship, function, independent variable, dependent variable, linear relationship, linear function, linear graph, x-axis, y-axis, ordered pairs

Materials: Ti-73s Transparency: Types of Graphs for starter Graphing calculator and TI Viewscreen Centimeter Cubes, Color Tiles, Pattern Blocks Worksheets: It All Depends On, Linear Relations Using Tables, Equations, and graphs, Painted Towers, Polygon Trains, Square Patio Journal Page: Representing Linear Relationships Equations Cards A deck of playing cards for each pair of students Assessment (Traditional/Authentic): Discussion, performance task, observation Ways to Gain/Maintain Attention (Primacy): Writing, cooperative learning, stories, comparing-categorizing, music, manipulatives, game Written Assignment: Worksheets: It All Depends On, Linear Relations Using Tables, Equations and Graphs, Painted Towers, Polygon Trains, Square Patio Journal Page: Representing Linear Relationships Equation Cards Game records and any assigned text practice problems

Content Chunks List the vocabulary on the board

Starter: Put the attached page with types of graphs on the overhead. Help students read the graph by identifying the x and y axis lines. This will help them focus on what type of graph they are looking at. Have students write a rule for each column. Discuss. Lesson Segment 1: Where can situations where the value of one variable depends on the value of another be found in real life? How does changing the value of the independent variable affect the value of the dependent variable? Discuss the concept of relationships using the It All Depends On worksheet. Have students suggest how changing the independent variable will affect the independent variable. To get the student moving a bit, you may want to have them do Mix-FreezePair to write the last four statements. Have students write examples in the first two lines of the Journal Page Lesson Segment 2: How can a graph, table, or equation help you represent or describe a linear relationship? A graph can show us the relationship between two variables. The starter showed some graphs that represent relationships. In this lesson, we will focus only on relationships whose graphs are straight lines like those in the left column of the Starter. We call those linear relationships because the graph of the relation creates a line. On the graphing calculator, set the window so it looks like this. Type each of these equations into the graphing calculator and display them one at a time. Have students sketch these as examples to complete the Frayer model on the journal page. Have them show the A, B, C and D, since you will be referring to these. A. y = x B. y = x + 1 C. y = 1/2x D. y = - x As you type in each equation, graph it and use the trace Key to find six ordered pairs on the line. Then, use the table to view many ordered pairs from that linear graph. A table can help us identify linear relationships. After students have sketched the examples of linear graphs, have them copy six values from the table into the corresponding tables on the journal page. The values in the table will indicate a linear relationship IF the ratios of the change in the y values over the change in the x values between ordered pair is equivalent or proportional. Have students find the ratio for the change in Y/change in X values for the six ordered pairs in the table. Discuss whether the change for each table produces equivalent ratios. Have student write 5 proportions from the table. For example:

A.

-1 0 1 2 3 4

-1 0 1 2 3 4

ratios for change in y/change in x y=x

1/1= 1/1 2/2 = 2/2 3/3 = 3/3 4/4 = 4/4 5/5 = 5/5

Writing Equations (algebraic rules) An equation (algebraic rule) can help us identify linear relationships. Show students that in order to graph those linear relationships, you had to type an algebraic rule or an equation into the graphing calculator for each. Show the equations in Y=. Have the students write the equations on bottom of the journal page. Do this for B, C, and D. Point out that all four equations have a y and x (dependent and independent) variable, and that there are no exponents in the expression. Ask students in each small group to look at the equation for graph A and think about how the equation describes how y relates to x. After discussion an equation (rule), have the students choose a number for X and together use the equation to find Y without looking at the table on the calculator. Choose two or three numbers for x they did not use in their tables on the journal page. Cooperative Sharing Game-Red Rover: Practice using the equation to find values for Y by playing Red Rover where teams choose a person to come to their team to explain the rule and show how the new ordered pair was created by using that rule. In Red Rover, students work with their own team for a minute. Then, each team calls a person from another team to come over to their table to sit down and explain what was done. If the Rover explains correctly, the Rovers team earns two points. If not, the team they visit earns the 2 points. Lesson Segment 3: How can a graph, a table, an equation or ordered pairs help you describe the relationship between two variables? How is graphing a linear equation from ordered pairs similar to graphing a linear equation using a table? Use the following TI-73 activity to work with the students to write an equation for the relationship for x and y using a table to identify the pattern, and then graph that relation.

Using Table Set/Ask Feature to Write Equations To find patterns leading to the writing of equations, type an equation in &. Select - ' and set the dependent and independent variables to Aask@. Select - * and type a value in the X column. (Use numbers like -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 2Tell students you have performed an operation on that number (x) to get a result (y). Place the curser in the Y column and push b. Discuss what operation(s) might have been performed on X to get Y. Have students predict what they think the rule might be, and write that as an equation. Tell students you will try their prediction on another value for X. If their prediction IS the correct equation, the value for Y will be the result. Type another value in the X column and push b in the corresponding position in the Y column. Ask students if the same operation(s) they discussed was used on this new value for X to get the resulting value in the Y column. If not, tell them you want them to find an operation(s) that could be used for both the first and second X values you showed them to get the resulting Y values. Have them develop a rule. Write their rule as an equation. To check their rule, type a third value in the X column. Ask them to perform their rule on that value. Then press b for the corresponding value in the Y column and see if they got the same result. Enter two or three more values in the X column. Have students copy the table, write the equation and graph the ordered pairs on the Linear Relations Using Tables, Equations and Graphs worksheet. You may choose not to press b for the remaining Y values asking students to substitute the given value for X and find the value for the Y column. Note: You will need to discuss the minimum and maximum values to be shown for the x and y-axes, so their calculator graphs will look like the graphs on their worksheets. Some possible linear equations you may wish to try might be: 1. 4. y=x+1 y = 2 x or y = x/2 2. 5. y = 2x y = 2x + 1 3. 6. y = x 4, y=x+1

Manipulatives: Help students work with manipulatives to represent real-world linear relationships using ordered pairs from tables, equations, and graphs. Use Painted Towers, Polygon Trains, and Square Patio worksheets Ordered Pairs as solutions to an equation: Ordered pairs can be solutions for an equation. Review with students that the values in a table represent the solutions to an equation. In the activities done to this point the value for x has been given to the students. For example, in Painted Towers, we used x to represent the number of cubes, and the table gave us values for x. In Polygon Trains, we used Pattern Blocks to model values for x, the number of cars in the train.

Q. Think-Team-Share: Which variable in an ordered pair (x, y) did we decide would be independent (see It All Depends On)? Independent means we get to choose. So, if the value for x is not provided, we can choose a value, substitute the value in an equation, and solve for the corresponding value of y that depends on x. Model the following equations having the class choose values for x and working together to solve for y. Then, type the equation in the TI-73 and look in the table for the values they chose. Set up a friendly window, so students can trace the line and see their values. To do this set the window as follows: x-min=-28.2, x-max = 28.2, xscl = 2, y-min=-18.9, y-max=18.9, yscl=2 a) y = 3x + 1 b) 3x + y = 20

Game-Team Challenge: Each team is given an equation card (attached). The team must find three ordered pair solutions for their equation. Then each team takes a turn challenging the class to find an ordered pair that would be a solution to the equation. Have a team use the Smart Pal to show the equation and their three solutions. They can put the Smart Pal on the overhead projector to do this. Students should be given a minute to work with their team to find another solution. Then the challenging team selects a student to tell the class the solution they have found and to explain how they did it. If correct, the responders team gets a little treat or points and another team then challenges the class. Game-Finding Y War: Post these three equations on the board. a) y = 2x b) y = -2x c) y = 2x + 6

Give each pair of students a deck of cards. Red cards indicate negative integers. Black cards are positive integers. In a turn, each player chooses a card from the top of the deck. This card represents x. The player then chooses any one of the three equations to substitute x in and to find the value for y. The player must record on paper the equation and the ordered pair solution for each turn. The player whose y value is the greatest keeps both theirs and their opponents card and the game proceeds for a given time limit. At the end of the time, the player who has kept the most cards wins. Practice: Use the Practice Writing Equations From Tables worksheet. Have the student write the equation that represents the relationship between x and y and have them find two more ordered pairs that could be solutions to the equation, or select a few word problems relating to a linear relationship from a text where tables, graphs, equations and ordered pair solutions for linear relationships can be practiced. (McDougall Littell Pre-Algebra p. 151 #22, p.152 # 23, #32c, p. 163 #19a) Lesson Segment 4: Closure Do Three-Step-Interview to have students express their answers to the essential questions of this lesson. Have students write the answers to the essential questions on the back of the Frayer Model page for their journals.

Types of Graphs The graphs below have been sorted into two groups based on their characteristics. Write an explanation for what qualifies a graph to be in the left column. Sketch a graph on your paper that could be included in the left column.
a. b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

It All Depends On

Name ______________

Many outcomes in life depend on something. For example, the amount of money you make can depend on the number of hours you work. When one thing depends on another, we say these two things have a relationship, or form a relation. In a relation, one outcome is dependent on another. That dependent outcome is called the Dependant variable. The controlling variable, or the item we can choose to change, is known as the Independent variable. The following are a few statements that suggest a relationship of dependency. For each statement, Underline the Independent Variable and write an X over it. Circle the Dependent Variable and Write a Y in the circle. A. My heart rate at the end of one minute of doing jumping jacks depends on the number of jumping jacks I did in that minute. B. The distance I can walk in five minutes depends on my speed or walking rate. C. The time I can spend watching TV depends on the amount of time it takes me to do my homework. D. My test grade is a result of the amount of study time I spend. E. The number of fish I catch depends on the type of bait or lure Im using. F. The amount of money I earn is a result of the number of hours I work. G. My being able to go with my friends depends on my getting my room cleaned. H. My opportunities in life are a result of the choices I make now. In a round robin, have each person on your team make a relationship statement using the words, depends on, or is a result of. Write each statement in the space below. Identify the dependent and independent variables as you did in the statements above. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Journal Page: Representing Linear Relationships

Name_______________

Many outcomes in life depend on something. When one thing depends on another, we say these two things have a relationship or form a relation. Here are two examples:

____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Using a Graph
Examples Non examples

Definition

Linear Graphs

Facts

Using a Table
A table can also be used to represent a linear relationship by showing ordered pairs for that relationship. Write ordered pairs from the example graphs above. A. X Y B. X Y C. X Y D. X Y

A.

Writing Algebraic Equations (rules) B. C. D.

Practice Writing Equations from Tables

3.

4.

Linear Relations Using Tables, Equations and Graphs

Name___________________ Date ________

Make a table showing six ordered pairs for each relationship shown by your teacher. Write an equation to model the pattern for the relation. Then, plot the ordered pairs and sketch the linear relationship.
y

1. X
Y

Equation:
y

2. X Y

Equation:
y

3. X Y

Equation:

4. X Y

Equation:

5. X Y

Equation:

6. X Y

Equation:

Painting Towers For Linear Data

Name___________________ Date _________

A tower is being painted on all four sides and the roof. The painter needs to know how many square faces need to be painted in order to purchase the paint. She builds a model to help her decide the number of square surfaces in a tower that is 100 stories high. Use linking or centimeter cubes to build a model. # of stories in building 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 # of faces to be painted 5 9 Do you think this is a linear relationship? Explain your thinking.

Plot 5 of the ordered pairs in the relation

Write an algebraic expression relating the number of square faces to the number of stories in the tower.

Polygon Trains (A Pattern Blocks Investigation) Name____________________

Date _______

You are the designer of a unique train ride attraction using polygon shaped cars. Each exposed side of a polygon will need to have a window for a passenger. Complete a table. Sketch a graph of the relation. Write an equation for the linear relation. Cars in Total the train windows (X) 1) This train will have triangular cars
y

Cars in Total the train windows (X)

2) This train will have square cars

Cars in Total the train windows (X)

3. This train will have trapezoidal cars

Cars in Total the train windows (X)

4. This train will have hexagonal cars

Cars in Total the train windows (X)

5. This train will have octagonal cars.

Patterns With Square Patio

Name___________________ Date _________

You are building a square patio in your yard with some square tiles. Use the Color Tiles to build the models and fill in the data. Write an equation to relate y to x for # added on and for perimeter. Use the equations and data for ordered pairs in the tables. Graph the linear relations.
Sketch side

length X

# added Perimeter

on

Y Y represents # added on

Y=
y

3
x

Y represents perimeter

X
5

Y
y

Y=

Equation Cards

y = 2x 4 y = x + 3 y=x y=x5 y = -x

2x + y = 10 -2x y = -12 2y = 0.5x x+y=0 xy=2