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Technol. Biomed., 2009 Mar., 13 (2) :158-165

This document discusses several applications of watermarking in healthcare. It summarizes four research papers that applied watermarking techniques to: 1) Embed knowledge digests in medical images to enable image sharing and reliability control. 2) Develop reversible watermarking schemes for electronic clinical atlases to authenticate images. 3) Propose a data hiding technique to provide authentication, integrity and confidentiality for electronic patient records transmitted over the internet. 4) Review applications of image watermarking in healthcare and conclude that watermarking has found a niche role for protecting medical information and secure sharing of medical images.

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24 views3 pages

Technol. Biomed., 2009 Mar., 13 (2) :158-165

This document discusses several applications of watermarking in healthcare. It summarizes four research papers that applied watermarking techniques to: 1) Embed knowledge digests in medical images to enable image sharing and reliability control. 2) Develop reversible watermarking schemes for electronic clinical atlases to authenticate images. 3) Propose a data hiding technique to provide authentication, integrity and confidentiality for electronic patient records transmitted over the internet. 4) Review applications of image watermarking in healthcare and conclude that watermarking has found a niche role for protecting medical information and secure sharing of medical images.

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venkatsrmv
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[1] G. Coatrieux, C. Le Guillou, J.-M. Cauvin, and C. Roux, Reversible watermarkin !

or knowled e di est embeddin and reliabilit" #ontrol in medi#al ima es,$ IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., %&&' Mar., 1()%*+1,--1.,. /o im0rove medi#al ima e s1arin in a00li#ations su#1 as e-learnin or remote dia nosis aid, we 0ro0ose to make t1e ima e more usable b" watermarkin it wit1 a di est o! its asso#iated knowled e. used !or retrievin /1e aim o! su#1 a knowled e di est )23* is !or it to be similar ima es wit1 eit1er t1e same !indin s or di!!erential dia noses. 4t t1e im0ortan#e o! 0revious

summari5es t1e s"mboli# des#ri0tions o! t1e ima e, t1e s"mboli# des#ri0tions o! t1e !indin s semiolo ", and t1e similarit" rules t1at #ontribute to balan#in des#ri0tors w1en #om0arin ima es. 4nstead o! modi!"in t1e ima e !ile !ormat b" addin some extra 1eader in!ormation, watermarkin is used to embed t1e 23 in t1e 0ixel ra"-level values o! t1e #orres0ondin ima es. 61en s1ared t1rou 1 o0en networks, watermarkin also 1el0s to #onve" reliabilit" 0roo!s )inte rit" and aut1enti#it"* o! an ima e and its 23. /1e interest o! t1ese newima e !un#tionalities is illustrated in t1e u0datin o! t1e distributed users7 databases wit1in t1e !ramework o! an e-learnin a00li#ation demonstrator o! endos#o0i# semiolo ". [%] 8. 9ao, R. :. 3en , 9. C. ;oi, and <an=ian <an , /ailored reversible watermarkin s#1emes !or aut1enti#ation o! ele#troni# #lini#al atlas$, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. ', no. >, 00. ,,>-,.(, %&&,. 4t is a##e0ted t1at di ital watermarkin is ?uite relevant in medi#al ima in . :owever, due to t1e s0e#ial nature o! #lini#al 0ra#ti#e, it is o!ten re?uired t1at watermarkin not introdu#e irreversible distortions to medi#al ima es. /1e ele#troni# #lini#al atlas 1as su#1 a need o! @lossless@ watermarkin 6e 0resent

two tailored reversible watermarkin s#1emes !or t1e #lini#al atlas b" ex0loitin 0romisin .

its in1erent

#1ara#teristi#s. 6e 1ave im0lemented t1e s#1emes and our ex0erimental results look ver"

[(] :. M. C1ao, C. M. :su, and A. G. Miaou, B 3ata-:iddin /e#1ni?ue 6it1 But1enti#ation, 4nte ration, and Con!identialit" !or Cle#troni# Datient Re#ords$, IEEE Trans. on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Eol. ., Fo. 1, 00. >.-,(, %&&%. B data-1idin te#1ni?ue #alled t1e @bi0olar multi0le-number base@ was develo0ed to 0rovide#a0abilitieso! aut1enti#ation, inte ration, and #on!identialit" !or an ele#troni# 0atient re#o rd )CDR* transmitted amon 1os0itals t1rou 1 t1e 4nternet. /1e 0ro0osed te#1ni?ue is #a0able o! 1idin t1ose CDR related data su#1 as dia nosti# re0orts, ele#tro#ardio ram, and di ital si natures !rom do#tors or a 1os0ital into a mark ima e. /1e mark ima e #ould be t1e mark o! a 1os0ital used to identi!" t1e ori in o! an CDR. /1ose di ital si natures !rom do#tors and a 1os0ital #ould be a00lied !or t1e CDR aut1enti#ation. /1us, di!!erent t"0es o! medi#al data #an be inte rated into t1e same mark ima e. /1e #on!identialit" is ultimatel" a#1ieved b" de#r"0tin t1e CDR related data and di ital si natures wit1 an exa#t #o0" o! t1e ori inal mark ima e. /1e ex0erimental results validate t1e inte rit" and t1e invisibilit" o! t1e 1idden CDR related data. /1is newl" develo0ed te#1ni?ue allows all o! t1e 1idden data to be se0arated and restored 0er!e#tl" b" aut1ori5ed users. [>] G. Coatrieux, L. Le#ornu, 9. Aankur, and C1. Roux, B Review o! 4ma e 6atermarkin B00li#ations in :ealt1#are,$ in Proc. of the IEEE EMBC Conf., Few <ork, GAB, %&&., 00. >.'1H>.'>. 4n t1is arti#le, we !o#us on t1e #om0lementar" role o! watermarkin wit1 res0e#t to medi#al in!ormation se#urit" and mana ement. 6e review sam0le #ases w1ere watermarkin 1as been de0lo"ed, we #on#lude t1at watermarkin 1as !ound a ni#1e role in 1ealt1#are s"stems, as an instrument !or 0rote#tion o! medi#al in!ormation, !or se#ure s1arin and 1andlin o! medi#al ima es. /1e #on#ern o! medi#al ex0erts on t1e 0reservation o! do#uments dia nosti# inte rit" remains 0aramount [,] J. /ian, Reversible data embeddin usin a di!!eren#e ex0ansion,$ IEEE Trans. on Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 1(, no. -, 00. -'&H-'., Bu . %&&(. Reversible data embeddin 1as drawn lots o! interest re#entl". 9ein reversible, t1e ori inal di ital #ontent #an be #om0letel" restored. 6e 0resent a novel reversible data-

embeddin met1od !or di ital ima es. 6e ex0lore t1e redundan#" in di ital ima es to a#1ieve ver" 1i 1 embeddin #a0a#it", and kee0 t1e distortion low.

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