There are three states of matter: solids have a defined shape and volume, liquids have a defined volume but take the shape of their container, and gases fill their container uniformly. Matter can change between these states through processes like freezing, melting, vaporizing, and condensing. These phase changes require the particles of matter to gain or lose kinetic energy. Equilibrium is reached when two phases exist simultaneously, like ice and liquid water during melting. Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, it will shift in a way that reduces the effect of the stress.
There are three states of matter: solids have a defined shape and volume, liquids have a defined volume but take the shape of their container, and gases fill their container uniformly. Matter can change between these states through processes like freezing, melting, vaporizing, and condensing. These phase changes require the particles of matter to gain or lose kinetic energy. Equilibrium is reached when two phases exist simultaneously, like ice and liquid water during melting. Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, it will shift in a way that reduces the effect of the stress.
There are three states of matter: solids have a defined shape and volume, liquids have a defined volume but take the shape of their container, and gases fill their container uniformly. Matter can change between these states through processes like freezing, melting, vaporizing, and condensing. These phase changes require the particles of matter to gain or lose kinetic energy. Equilibrium is reached when two phases exist simultaneously, like ice and liquid water during melting. Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, it will shift in a way that reduces the effect of the stress.
There are three states of matter: solids have a defined shape and volume, liquids have a defined volume but take the shape of their container, and gases fill their container uniformly. Matter can change between these states through processes like freezing, melting, vaporizing, and condensing. These phase changes require the particles of matter to gain or lose kinetic energy. Equilibrium is reached when two phases exist simultaneously, like ice and liquid water during melting. Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, it will shift in a way that reduces the effect of the stress.
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Unit 9 Notes
Matter _______________________________________________________ States of Matter There are three states of matter: 1. Solid____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. Liquid- ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. Gas- _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Matter does not always remain in one state of matter. As it gains or loses energy, it changes from one state to another. There are six changes of state that can occur: 1. Freezing - ___________________________ 2. Melting - ____________________________ 3. Vaporizing - __________________________ 4. Condensing - __________________________ 5. Subliming - ___________________________ 6. Depositing - __________________________ In order for matter to undergo these changes of state, the particles need to have a change in energy. Changing from a slow-moving state to a faster moving state requires the particles to ________________ energy. Changing from a faster -moving state to a slower one requires the particles to ___________________ energy.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Space between particles Amount of energy Speed of particles Energy Diagram for Water
An energy diagram shows the energy changes that take place when matter is changing from one state of matter to another. Horizontal lines: ___________________________________ Diagonal lines: _____________________________________
Critical point- ___________________________________________________ Normal freezing point- ____________________________________________ Normal boiling point- ______________________________________________ Freezing point curve- _____________________________________________ Boiling point curve- _______________________________________________ Sublimation curve- _______________________________________________
Properties __________________________________________ There are two types of properties: 1. Physical properties _______________________________ Physical properties are properties that you can identify using your senses. Examples of physical properties are: __________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Chemical properties ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3
Chemical properties show how a type of matter is able to rearrange its
atoms. Examples: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Water is a very important substance. Water systems are needed by every living thing in order to survive. Water is also a very unique substance and can easily be described by its properties: 1. _________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________ 6. _________________________________________________________ 7. _________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________ 10. _________________________________________________________ 11. _________________________________________________________ 12. _________________________________________________________ 13. _________________________________________________________ 14. _________________________________________________________ 15. _________________________________________________________ 16. _________________________________________________________ 4
Le Chateliers Principle When substances are changing from one state of matter to another, they reach a point where the two states are present at the same time. For example, when ice melts, both solid ice and liquid water are present.
During the melting process, it
looks like the ice is simply disappearing. What is actually happening is that the ice is changing to liquid and some of the liquid is changing back into the solid. In other words, the ice is melting and freezing at the same time. This is an equilibrium position. Equilibrium - ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Dynamic equilibrium - _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Equilibrium is a very low energy position for substances, and substances work to get to equilibrium, so it is really common. But equilibrium doesnt last because external conditions are constantly changing. Le Chateliers Principle governs the results of this situation. Le Chateliers Principle: ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5
For example, a system of water is at equilibrium with its corresponding water
vapor. Explain what happens to the system when the temperature is increased. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. Explain what happens to the system when the pressure is increased. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. Explain what happens to the system when the concentration of water is increased. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. Explain what happens to the system when the volume of the container is increased. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
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