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Exam Reference Sheet

This 3-sentence summary provides an overview of key information from the MATH 272 Reference Sheet: The reference sheet outlines various matrix operations in MATLAB such as creating matrices using colons and linspace, accessing and modifying matrix elements, and functions for matrix transpose, inverse, and more. It also covers topics like solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations, interpolation methods like polynomial and spline fitting, numerical integration techniques, solving ordinary differential equations, and optimization algorithms.

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32 views2 pages

Exam Reference Sheet

This 3-sentence summary provides an overview of key information from the MATH 272 Reference Sheet: The reference sheet outlines various matrix operations in MATLAB such as creating matrices using colons and linspace, accessing and modifying matrix elements, and functions for matrix transpose, inverse, and more. It also covers topics like solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations, interpolation methods like polynomial and spline fitting, numerical integration techniques, solving ordinary differential equations, and optimization algorithms.

Uploaded by

140557
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 272 Reference Sheet Creating matrices Colons: 1:N = 1, 2, ... N 5:2:11 = 5, 7, 9, 11 Loops for (i = 1:10) ...

end

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linspace: linspace(0, 20) - 100 evenly spaced points from i = 1; 0 to 20 while (i <= 10) linspace(0, 20, 500) - 500 evenly spaced points ... i = i+1; Uniform Matrices: end A = zeros(r, c) - r c matrix, all zeros A = sparse(r, c) - r c matrix, all zeros, in sparse Systems of Linear Equations format Solving Ax = b with A an n n matrix, b an n 1 A = ones(r, c) - r c matrix, all ones vector. A = ones(r, 1) - r-long column vector, all ones Solving Ax = b in MATLAB: x = A \ b; Accessing, Modifying Matrices V = 2:2:10 - 5 element vector, 2,4,6,8,10 V(3) - 3rd element of V (6) V(end) - gives last element of V (10) A = ones(10, 20) - create A a 10 20 matrix of 1s A(1:3,10:20) = 2 - Changes entries in rows 1-3 and cols 10-20 (inclusive) to value 2. A(end, 1) - Gets last entry in column 1 Non-Linear Equations Polynomials roots(c) where c = vector holding polynomial coecients, in order from highest to lowest power. Bisection Start at [a, b], with f(a), f(b) opposite signs Find midpoint, c and f(c) Replace a or b with c, maintaining opposite signs at interval ends Secant deriv_estimate =
f (x 1 ) f (x 0 )

Reading And Writing to File x1 x0 dlmwrite(matrix_filename.txt, M); - writes M xnew = x1 f (x1 )/ deriv_estimate to comma-separated le M = dlmread(matrix_filename.txt); - reads M fzero from comma-separated le [res] = fzero(fun,x0, options) Same will work with xlsread on Excel les. Assorted Matrix Functions Colormaps and surfaces A - transpose of A [x,y] = meshgrid(xv, yv); - xv and yv are inv(A) - inverse of A vectors where the x and y grid points lie. pcolor(x, y, T); - for matrices x, y, and T of same Animation size F(i) = getframe; surf(x, y, T); - same as pcolor, but uses T for movie(F, rep, fps); both height and color shading flat or shading interp - change shading of pcolor, surf

MATH 272 Reference Sheet Interpolation Fitting through the points x, y pp - piecewise polynomial information xx, yy - display points in x and y Polynomial N = length(x); p = polyfit(x, y, N-1); yy = polyval(p, xx); Spline yy = spline(x, y, xx) pp = spline(x, y) yy = ppval(pp, xx) Spline with End Slopes yy = spline(x, [slope1, y, slope2], xx) pp = spline(x, [slope1, y, slope2]) yy = ppval(pp, xx) Monotone Hermitian Polynomials yy = pchip(x, y, xx) pp = pchip(x, y) yy = ppval(pp, xx) Function Fitting Not tested on exam. ODE Solvers f (t, y ) are formulas for Eulers Method

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dy dt

(or slopes)

ti+1 = t + t yi+1 = yi + f (ti , yi )t

Heuns Method ti+1 = t + t y = yi + f (ti , yi )t 1 )) t yi+1 = yi + (f (ti , yi ) + f (ti+1 , y 2 MATLAB ODE Solvers [t, y] = ode45(f,tspan,y0,options) [t, y] = ode23(f,tspan,y0,options) [t, y] = ode23s(f,tspan,y0,options) Common ODE Options odeset(AbsTol, 1e-12, RelTol, 1e-8); odeset(Events, event_func);

Numerical Integration Left-Hand Rule int = lhr(func, a, b, n)


n

Area = x
i=1

f ( xi )

Trapezoidal Rule int = trap(func, a, b, n) x n Area = f (xi ) + f (xi+1 ) 2 i=1 Simpsons Rule int = simp(func, a, b, n) (2x) n Area = (f (xi ) + 4f (xi+1 ) + f (xi+2 )) 6 i=1 but you must increment i by 2 each time Adaptive Simpsons Rule int = quad(func, a, b, tol, trace)

Optimization func - function to be minimized x0 - initial value (can be a vector) Simplex [xopt, fopt] = fminsearch(func, x0, options) Unconstrained Gradient-Based Minimization [xopt, fopt] = fminunc(func, x0, options) Constrained Gradient-Based Minimization [xopt, fopt] = fmincon(fun,x0,A,b,Aeq,beq,... lb,ub,nonlcon,options) Common Optimization Options optimset(Display, iter); optimset(MaxIter, 50) optimset(LargeScale, off) Project-related formulas 1 g x2 y = y0 + tan(0 )x 2 2 v0 cos2 (0 )

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