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Tutorial8 Relation

This document contains a tutorial on relations and graphs. It includes examples of: 1) Converting matrices to sets and digraphs, and calculating in-degrees and out-degrees. 2) Determining whether given relations are reflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, etc. based on digraphs and matrices. 3) Finding compositions, inverses, and transitive closures of relations. 4) Identifying whether given relations represent equivalence relations. The document provides exercises to help understand basic concepts and operations involving binary relations.

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Akhmal Haziq
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
130 views

Tutorial8 Relation

This document contains a tutorial on relations and graphs. It includes examples of: 1) Converting matrices to sets and digraphs, and calculating in-degrees and out-degrees. 2) Determining whether given relations are reflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, etc. based on digraphs and matrices. 3) Finding compositions, inverses, and transitive closures of relations. 4) Identifying whether given relations represent equivalence relations. The document provides exercises to help understand basic concepts and operations involving binary relations.

Uploaded by

Akhmal Haziq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete Structures

TUTORIAL8: RELATIONS 1. Change the matrices on set A below into set and diagraph. Then read the in-degree and out-degree.
1 1 0 1

a) A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and MR =

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 b) A = {a, b, c, d, e} and MR = 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2. From the diagraphs below, answer all the questions.

a 1 4 d

6 (a) a) Change diagraph (a) into set.

c (b)

b) Change diagraph (b) into matrix. c) Draw the digraph of R2 for (a). d) Find MR2 for (b). 3. Consider relations on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Determine either the relation is reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, antisymmetric and/or transitive?

R1 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 4)} R2 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)}

NMS 2006/07

Tutorial Relations

Discrete Structures

R3 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 4)} R4 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)} R5 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 4)} R6 = {(3, 4)} 4. From the diagraphs below, determine either the relation is reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, antisymmetric and/or transitive?

3 (a) 3 4 (b)

5. From the matrices below, determine either the relation is reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, antisymmetric and/or transitive?.
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

a)

b)

6. Given A = {a, b, c}. Determine either R is an equivalence relation or not.


1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

a) MR =

b) MR =

7. In diagraphs below, determine either R is an equivalence relation or not.

a)

b)

NMS 2006/07

Tutorial Relations

Discrete Structures

NMS 2006/07

Tutorial Relations

Discrete Structures

8. In relations on sets A = B = {1, 2, 3} below, find: a) R d) R-1 g) S o R S b) R e) R h) R o S S c) S-1 f) S i) R o R

i) ii) iii)

R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)}; S = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}. R = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}; S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)} A = B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0

MR =

MS =

iv) 1 R 3 v) A = B = {a, b, c, d, e} 2 S 3 1 2

b a R e d c a S e

b c d

9. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. R is given by matrices R and S below. Find the transitive closure by using Warshall Algorithm.
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

a)

MR =

b)

MR =

NMS 2006/07

Tutorial Relations

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