GED

GENERAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

FORMULA REFERENCE MANUAL
Second Draft Version
Copyri!t "#$# %y A&an T'%(an
)'&y *+ "#$#
For (ore practice o to
!ttp,--.../(ate(ati0o/co(
AREA OF A S1UARE
Area=side
"
A s2'are is a fi're .it! fo'r
e2'a& sides and fo'r e2'a& an&es/
Eac! an&e is a 3# deree an&e/
A 3#
#
deree an&e is a&so ca&&ed
a ri!t an&e/
4o. to 'se t!e area for('&a to ca&c'&ate t!e
area of a s2'are .it! 5 inc! sides,
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a on yo'r paper/
Area=side
"
Step ",
P&' in 5 into t!e for('&a/
Area=5
"
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
Area=5
"
=55=$*inch
"
T!e area of t!e s2'are .it! 5 inc! sides is
t!erefore $* s2'are inc!es
E8a(p&e $,
One s2'are yard is e2'a& to !o. (any s2'are
feet9
Step $,
Dra. t.o identica& s2'ares side %y side/
La%e& t!e first $ yard+ &a%e& t!e second 7 feet/
:o' 0no. t!ey are identica& %eca'se
$ yard ; 7 feet/
Step ",
6e .i&& app&y t!e area for('&a on t!e fi're
on t!e &eft first/ 6rite area for('&a
Area=side
"
Step 7,
P&' $ yard into t!e area for('&a,
Area=$
"
Step 5,
Do t!e (at! to so&<e for('&a
Area=$
"
=$$=$ yard
"
T!e Area of t!e first s2'are is t!erefore
$ s2'are yard/
Step =,
No. &et>s repeat t!e process for t!e s2'are on
t!e ri!t/ 6rite for('&a/
Step *,
P&' 7 feet into t!e for('&a/
Area=7
"
Step ?,
Do t!e (at!,
Area=7
"
=77=3 feet
"
T!e area of t!e second s2'are is t!erefore 3
s2'are feet/
Step @
Since yo' a&ready deter(ined t!at %ot!
s2'ares are identica&/
Since yo' deter(ined t!e first s2'are is $
s2'are yard and
t!e second s2'are is 3 s2'are feet+ yo' !a<e
pro<en t!at
$ sq yard=3 sq feet /
Area=side
"
AREA OF A RECTANGLE
Area=lengthwidth
A rectan&e is a fi're .it! 5 sides/ T!e
opposite sides are para&&e& and t!e an&es are
ri!t an&es A3# dereeB/
How to use the formula:
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a,
Area=lengthwidth
Step ",
P&' infor(ation fro( pict're into t!e
for('&a
Area=*7
Step 7,
Do t!e (at!
Area=*7=$@cm
"
Notice t!at t!ere are $@ &itt&e s2'ares in t!e
fi're t!at are $ c( %y $ c(/
ECAMPLE,
A rectan'&ar s!aped !o'se =# ft/ %y 7# ft/ is
on a &ot t!at is 3# ft/ %y @# ft/ 4o. (any
s2'are feet of &and is a<ai&a%&e to ro. a
&a.n9 So&'tion,
Step $, Find t!e s2'are footae of t!e !o'se/
=# X 7#=$=## sq ft
Step ", Find t!e s2'are footae of t!e
co(p&ete &ot/
3# X @#=?"## sq. ft.
Step 7, To find t!e area of t!e &a.n+ t!e area
of t!e !o'se ('st %e s'%tracted fro( t!e area
of t!e .!o&e &a.n/ ?"## $=##==?## /
T!erefore t!e area of t!e &a.n Areen area on
t!e diara( is =?## s2'are feet or =?## ft
"
/
Sara!>s ne. co(p'ter (onitor is $* inc!es
.ide and $# inc!es !i!/ 6!at is t!e <ie.in
area of Sara!>s (onitor9
Step $,
Dra. a rectan&e to represent t!e <ie.in
area of t!e (onitor/ La%e& t!e sides/
Step ", 6rite Rectan&e for('&a
Area=lengthwidth
Step 7,
S'%stit'te infor(ation into for('&a/
Area=$*$#
Step 5 and so&'tion,
M'&tip&y $* %y $#/
Area=$*$#=$*#inch
"
AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM
Area=baseheight
A para&&e&ora( is a fo'r sided fi're .it! "
e2'a& sets of opposite sides/ T!e opposite
sides are para&&e&/ T!e an&es do not !a<e to
%e 3# derees/ AA para&&e&ora( .it! 3#
deree an&es is ca&&ed a rectan&e/B Note t!at
t!e red &ine t!at s!o.s t!e !ei!t is not part
of t!e fi're+ %'t indicates t!e distance
%et.een t!e top %ase and t!e %otto( %ase/
How to use the formula:
Area=baseheight
Since t!e di(ensions of t!e pict'red
para&&e&ora( are
%ase ; = c(
!ei!t ; 7 c(
S'%stit'te data into for('&a
Area==7
= c( A%aseB %y 7 c( !ei!t+
Area==7=$=cm
"
Warning: Avoid a common mistake. A
st'dent (ay %e te(pted to (eas're t!e side
of t!e para&&e&ora( .!ic! is a%o't 7 D c(/
T!is (eas're(ent is not part of t!e for('&a
and s!o'&d not %e 'sed/
E8a(p&e $,
4o. (any s2'are (eters of &ass is re2'ired
to co<er t!e side of t!e Doc0&and E'i&din in
A&tona+ Ger(any/ T!e %'i&din is in t!e
s!ape of a para&&e&ora(/ T!e roof of t!e
%'i&din is 7# (eters a%o<e t!e doc0/ T!e
%'i&din is $7# (eters &on/ T!e &ent! of t!e
s&anted sides of t!e %'i&din is ?= (eters/
So&'tion,
Step $,
Since t!e pro%&e( states t!at t!e %'i&din is a
para&&e&ora(+ start .it! .ritin t!e
para&&e&ora( for('&a/
Area=baseheight
Step ", S'%stit'te t!e i<en infor(ation in
t!e for('&a/
Area=$7#7#
Note, T!e &ent! of t!e s&anted sides A?=
(etersB is not needed in t!e for('&a and
s!o'&d %e inored/
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Find t!e prod'ctA('&tip&yB of $7# and 7#/
Area=$7#7#=73##meters
"
T!e t.o &are sides of t!e %'i&din accordin
to t!e for('&a are eac! co<ered %y 7+3##
s2'are (eters of &ass/
AREA OF A TRIANGLE
Area=
$
"
baseheight
A trian&e is a t!ree sided fi're/
Trian&e $
Trian&e "
Trian&e 7
Trian&e 5
How to determine the area of a triangle.:
To app&y t!e for('&a+ yo' need to 0no. t!e
&ent! of t!e %ase and t!e !ei!t/ Any side
can %e 'sed as t!e %ase/ T!e !ei!t is
(eas'red on a &ine t!at is perpendic'&ar fro(
t!e %ase to t!e <erte8 of t!e opposite an&e/
See t!e fi'res on t!is pae/ A&t!o'! t!e
fo'r trian&es s!o.n on t!is pae !a<e
different s!apes+ t!ey a&& !a<e t!e sa(e
di(ensions/ T!ey a&& !a<e a %ase of @ c(+ and
are a&& 5 c( !i!/ Notice t!at t!e !ei!t of
Trian&e 7 is dra.n to t!e &eft of t!e %ase &ine/
T!is is d'e to t!e &ocation of t!e an&e
opposite to t!e %ase &ine/ Since trian&e 5 is a
ri!t trian&e+ t!e !ei!t can %e deter(ined
%y (eas'rin t!e &eft side/ T!is is %eca'se
t!e &eft side of t!e trian&e is perpendic'&ar to
t!e %ase &ine/
How to use the formula:
Step $,
6rite t!e area of a trian&e pro%&e( on yo'r
paper/
Area=
$
"
baseheight
Step ",
Re.rite t!e for('&a 'sin t!e di(ensions of
t!e trian&es on t!is pae/
Area=
$
"
@5
Notice t!at a&t!o'! t!e fo'r i&&'strated
trian&es !a<e different s!apes+ t!e
di(ensions of t!e fo'r trian&es are t!e sa(e/
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!,
Area=
$
"
@5=$*cm
"
T!e area of a&& fo'r trian&es is $* s2'are
centi(eters/
AREA OF A TRAPEFOID
AREA=
$
"
base
$
base
"
height
A trapeGoid is a fo'r sided fi're .it! t.o sides t!at are
para&&e&/ T!e para&&e& sides are considered %ases .!en
app&yin t!e for('&a/
How to use the Area of Trapezoid formula:
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a/
AREA=
$
"
base
$
base
"
height
Step ",
P&' infor(ation fro( fi're into for('&a/
AREA=
$
"
@57
Step 7,
Add t!e t.o %ases,
AREA=
$
"
$"7
Step 5 and so&'tion,
Do t!e ('&tip&ication,
AREA=
$
"
$"7=$@cm
"
T!e fina& ans.er is $@ s2'are centi(eters/
Example:
T!e !ei!t of t!e front .a&& of t!e storae s!ed is * feet/ T!e
!ei!t of t!e %ac0 of t!e s!ed is 5 feet/ T!e s!ed is = feet
&onAacross t!e frontB and 5 feet .ide Afront to %ac0B/ )o!n
.ants to paint t!e s!ed/ 4o. (any s2'are feet of .a&& .i&&
!e need to paint/
S!"T#$.
Find t!e areas of eac! of t!e t!e fo'r sides and add t!e(/
Step $,
Find t!e area of t!e rectan'&ar front .a&&/
6rite for('&a for area of a rectan&e/
Area=lengthwidth
Since t!e front is = ft %y * ft+ p&' t!is infor(ation into t!e
for('&a and do t!e (at!//
Area==*=7# sq ft
Step ",
Find t!e area of t!e rectan'&ar %ac0 .a&&/
6rite for('&a for area of a rectan&e/
Since t!e %ac0 is = ft %y 5 ft+ p&' t!is infor(ation into t!e
for('&a and do t!e (at!/ Eeca'se t!e t!e roof s&ants+ t!e
!ei!t of t!e %ac0 .a&& is on&y 5/
Area==5="# sq ft
Step 7,
Find t!e area of t!e side .a&&s .!ic! are trapeGoids/
Note t!at t!e sides of t!e s!ed are identica& trapeGoids/ T!in0
of t!e trapeGoid %ein on its side/
Note t!at t!is
p!oto is t!e &eft
trapeGoid side of
t!e s!ed on its
side/ $ote that
the roof is on
the right. T!e
!ei!t of t!e
TrapeGoid is 5
ft+ t!e &ent! of
t!e s!ed fro( %ac0 to front/ T!e !ei!t is t!erefore t!e ede
of t!e trapeGoid t!at is on t!e ro'nd/ T!e t.o %ases
Apara&&e& sides are * feet A!ei!t of front roofB and fo'r feet
A!ei!t of %ac0 of roof/ T!erefore t!e area of t!e t.o
trapeGoids can %e so&<ed .it! t!e trapeGoid for('&a/
AREA=
$
"
base
$
base
"
height
AREA=
$
"
*55="# sq ft
Area of eac! trapeGoid side is t!erefore "# s2 feet/
Step 5,
Add t!e fo'r sides H
front 7# s2 ft
%ac0 "# s2 ft
&eft side "# s2 ft
ri!t side "# s2 ft
total and answer %& s' ft or %& ft
(
AREA OF A CIRCLE
AREA=RADIUS
"
AI is appro8i(ate&y e2'a& to 7/$5B
)adius is t!e distance fro( t!e center of a circ&e to t!e ede
of t!e circ&e/
4o. to find t!e area of t!is circ&e 'sin t!e area of a circ&e
for('&a,
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a,
AREA=RADIUS
"
Step ",
S'%stit'te infor(ation fro( t!e pict're,
AREA=7
"
Step 7,
C!ane pi to 7/$5
AREA=7/$57
"
Step 5,
Raise 7 to t!e second po.er
T!at is 7 C 7 ; 3
AREA=7/$53
Step = and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
AREA=7/$53="@/"* sqcm
4o. to find t!e area of a circ&e i<en t!e dia(eter
*iameter is a &ine t!at e8tends fro( one ede of t!e circ&e to
t!e ot!er/ T!e dia(eter oes t!ro'! t!e center of t!e circ&e
and di<ides it into t.o e2'a& parts/
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a,
AREA=RADIUS
"
Step ",
Find t!e radi's %y di<idin t!e dia(eter %y "/
of t!e radi's of t!e circ&e/ Since .e 0no. t!at t!e dia(eter
is 5 c(+ .e di<ide it %y t.o/

5"="
T!erefore t!e radi's is "
Step 7,
P&' in data into t!e area for('&a
AREA=7/$5"
"
Step5 and so&'tion,
AREA=7/$55
AREA=$"/=*sqcm
So(eti(es it is easier to ca&c'&ate t!e area of a circ&e %y
&ettin I ; ""-? instead of 7/$5+ especia&&y .!en t!e radi's is
? or a ('&tip&e of ?/
In t!e GED test+ 'se ""-? on&y if instr'cted/
E8a(p&e/ If t!e radi's of a circ&e is ? ft+ .!at is its area9
So&'tion/ Let + ; ""-?/
Step $,
6rite for('&a,
AREA=RADIUS
"
Step ",
S'%stit'te i<en infor(ation/ Re(e(%er in t!is case
&et I ; ""-?/
AREA=
""
?
?
"
Step 7,
Raise ? to t!e second po.er A? C ? ; 53B
To si(p&ify ca&c'&ation+ .rite as a fraction/
AREA=
""
?

53
$
Step 5,
Cance& t!e se<ens
AREA=
""
$

?
$
Step = and so&'tion,
AREA=""?=$=5 sq ft
PERIMETER OF A FIGURE
T!e peri(eter of a fi're is t!e
tota& &ent! of t!e o'tside edes
of a fi're/ T!e pentaon on t!e
ri!t !as fi<e $ c( sides/ Since
eac! side is $ c(+ t!e tota& &ent! of t!e fi<e
sides or t!e peri(eter is = c(/
T!e GED test pro<ides for('&as for t!ree
types of fi'res/ A GED test ta0er can eit!er
add t!e sides of any fi're or app&y t!e i<en
for('&as/ If so&<ed correct&y t!e res'&ts .i&&
%e t!e sa(e/
PERIMETER OF A S1UARE
Perimeter=5side
4o. to so&<e peri(eter of a s2'are pro%&e(
'sin for('&a,
Step $,
6rite for('&a/
Perimeter=5side
Step ",
S'%stit'te act'a& &ent! of side into t!e
for('&a/ In t!is case t!e &ent! of t!e side is
" c(/
Perimeter=5"
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
Perimeter=@cm
Note t!at t!is is t!e sa(e as addin a&& 5 of
t!e sides/ " c(J " c( J "c( J "c( ; @ c(/
PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE
Perimeter="length"width
4o. to so&<e peri(eter of a rectan&e
pro%&e(/
Step $,
6rite for('&a/
Perimeter="length"width
Step ",
S'%stit'te infor(ation into t!e for('&a
&ent! ; 5c(
.idt! ; " c(
Perimeter="5""
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/ Re(e(%er t!e order of
operations/ Do t!e ('&tip&ication %efore t!e
addition/
Perimeter=@5
Perimeter=$"cm
PERIMETER OF A TRIANGLE
Perimeter=side
$
side
"
side
7
4o. to so&<e peri(eter of a trian&e for('&a/
Step $,
6rite for('&a/
Perimeter=side
$
side
"
side
7
Step ",
Loo0 at t!e i&&'stration and deter(ine
infor(ation needed to so&<e t!e for('&a
side $ ; 5 c(
side " ; = c(
side 7 ; 7 c(
Step 7,
P&' infor(ation into t!e for('&a
Perimeter=5=7
Step 5 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
Perimeter=5=7=$"cm
CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE
Circumference=diameter H
I is appro8i(ate&y e2'a& to 7/$5
*iameter is a &ine t!at
e8tends fro( one ede
of t!e circ&e to t!e
ot!er/ T!e dia(eter
oes t!o'! t!e center
of t!e circ&e and di<ides
it into t.o e2'a& parts/
How to solve:
Find t!e circ'(ference of t!is circ&e/
Step $,
6rite t!e circ'(ference for('&a/
Circumference=diameter
Step ",
Since t!e circ'(ference is 5 c(+ rep&ace t!e
.ord circ'(ference .it! 5/
Circumference=5
Step 7,
Rep&ace I .it! 7/$5 into t!e for('&a/
Circumference=7/$55
Step 5,
Do t!e (at!/
Circumference=7/$55=$"/=*cm
T!e so&'tion is t!erefore
$"/=* c(
4o. do yo' find t!e circ'(ference of a
circ&e i<en t!e radi's/
4o. to so&<e,
Step $,
6rite t!e Circ'(ference for('&a/
Circumference=diameter
Step ",
T!e for('&a re2'ires t!e dia(eter/ Since t!e
dia(eter is not i<en+ yo' ('st ca&c'&ate t!e
dia(eter %y ('&tip&yin radi's ti(es "/
Diameter=radius"
Diameter=7"
Diameter=*
Step 7,
S'%stit'te dia(eter into Circ'(ference
for('&a/
Circumference=diameter
Circumference=*
Step 5,
Rep&ace I .it! 7/$5 into t!e for('&a/
Circumference=7/$5*
Step = and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
Circumference=7/$5*=$@/@5c(
VOLUME OF A CUEE
!lume=edge
7
A cu,e is a so&id fi're .it! a&&
e2'a& edes/ A c!i&d>s %&oc0 is an
e8a(p&e of a c'%e/ T!e fi're on
t!e ri!t is " c( &on+ " c( .ide+
and " c( !i!/ It is t!erefore t!e
dra.in of a c'%e/ 6e can a&so say t!at eac!
ede of t!e fi're is " c(/
4o. to find t!e <o&'(e,
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a/
!lume=edge
7
Step ",
S'%stit'te data fro( pict're
!lume="
7
Step 7,
Do (at!/
!lume="
7
="""=@cm
7
T!e <o&'(e is t!erefore @ c'%ic centi(eters
E8a(p&e,
One c'%ic yard is t!e sa(e as !o. (any
c'%ic feet9
So&'tion,
First note $ yard ; 7 feet
T!erefore %ot! fi'res a%o<e are identica&/
6e .i&& app&y t!e <o&'(e of a c'%e for('&a
for eac! fi're separate&y/
So&<e fi're on t!e &eft first/
Step $,
6rite for('&a
!lume=edge
7
Step ",
S'%stit'te data fro( pict're into for('&a,
Eac! ede ; $ yard/
!lume=$
7
Step 7,
Since $
7
is t!e sa(e as $ C $ C $/
Re.rite t!e for('&a as
!lume=$$$
Step 5,
Do t!e (at!/ $ ti(es $ ti(es $ ; $
!lume=$
T!e <o&'(e of t!e first c'%e is t!erefore
$ c'%ic yard/
No. &et>s repeat t!e process for t!e c'%e on
t!e ri!t/
Step $,
6rite for('&a
!lume=edge
7
Step ",
S'%stit'te data fro( pict're into for('&a,
Eac! ede ; 7 feet/
!lume=7
7
Step 7,
Since 7
7
is t!e sa(e as 7 C 7 C 7/
Re.rite t!e for('&a as
!lume=777
Step 5 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/ 7 ti(es 7 ti(es 7 ; "?
7 C 7 ; 3H 3 C 7 ; "?
!lume="?
T!e <o&'(e of t!e second c'%e is t!erefore
"? c'%ic feet/ Since %ot! c'%es are t!e sa(e+
.e 0no. t!at $ c' yard ; "? c' feet/
" c(
$ yard 7 feet
VOLUME OF A RECTANGULAR SOLID
!lume=lengthwidthheight
A rectangular solid is a so&id * sided fi're/
T!e fi're %e&o. !as a &ent! of 5 c(+ a
.idt! of " c( and a !ei!t of 7 c(/
How to find the volume:
Step $,
6rite for('&a,
!lume=lengthwidthheight
Step ",
P&' in data,
!lume=57"
Step 7,
Do (at!,
!lume=57"="5cm
7

T!e <o&'(e of t!e fi're is t!erefore
"5 c'%ic centi(eters
E8a(p&e,
)oe needs to fi&& !is 0itc!en sin0 !a&fK.ay
.it! .ater to .as! !is dis!es/
4is sin0 is "# inc!es &on+ $* inc!es .ide
and @ inc!es !i!/ 4o. (any c'%ic inc!es
of .ater .i&& !e 'se/
Step $,
6rite do.n t!e for('&a for a rectan'&ar
so&id/
!lume=lengthwidthheight
Step ", Find t!e infor(ation yo' .i&&
need fro( t!e pro%&e(/
Lent! ; "# inc!es
6idt! ; $* inc!es
4ei!t e2'a&s @"=5 Are(e(%er )oe is
oin to fi&& t!e sin0 !a&f .ay 'p/
Step 7,
S'%stit'te infor(ation into t!e for('&a/
!lume="#$*5
Step 5 and so&'tion,
So&<e t!e for('&a %y ('&tip&yin "#
ti(es $* ti(es 5/
!lume="#$*5=$"@#inches
7
T!e ans.er is t!erefore
$"@# c'%ic inc!es or or $"@# in
7

5 c(
7 c(
" c(
VOLUME OF A S1UARE P:RAMID
!lume=
$
7
baseedge
"
height
A s'uare p-ramid is a
so&id fi're/ T!e s2'are
pyra(id on t!e &eft !as a
%ase ede &ent! of " c(+
a !ei!t of 5 c(/ Note
t!at a s2'are pyra(id !as
a&& e2'a& %ase edes/
How to find the volume:
Step $,
6rite s2'are pyra(id for('&a,
!lume=
$
7
baseedge
"
height
Step ",
S'%stit'te " for t!e %ase ede and 5 for t!e
!ei!t/
!lume=
$
7
"
"
5
Step 7 and so&'tion,
Do t!e (at!/
!lume=
$
7
"
"
5==
$
7
cm
7
T!e Great Pyra(id of GiGa .as %'i&t in Eypt
o<er 5### years ao/ T!e !ei!t is
appro8i(ate&y $=# (eters and t!e &ent! of
eac! of t!e sides of t!e s2'are %ase is
appro8i(ate&y "7# (eters/
6!at is t!e appro8i(ate <o&'(e of t!is
str'ct're9
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a on a piece of paper/
!lume=
$
7
baseedge
"
height
Step ",
S'%stit'te t!e di(ensions of t!e fi're into
t!e for('&a/
!lume=
$
7
"7#
"
$=#
Step 7,
Ta0e t!e s2'are of "7# %y ('&tip&yin
"7# C "7# ; ="3##
!lume=
$
7
="3##$=#
Step 5,
M'&tip&y ="3## X$=# ; ?37=###
!lume=
$
7
?37=###
Step = and so&'tion,
T!e easiest .ay of ('&tip&yin a n'(%er
ti(es $-7 is di<idin %y 7/
!lume="*5=###cubic feet
VOLUME OF A C:LINDER
!lume=RADIUS
"
"EI#"$
H
ALet I ; 7/$5 if not to&d ot!er.iseB
A c-linder is a so&id fi're/ T!e cy&inder
a%o<e !as a dia(eter of 5 c( and a !ei!t of
7D c(/
Find t!e <o&'(e of t!is cy&inder
'sin t!e <o&'(eKofKaKcy&inder
for('&a/
To si(p&ify t!e (at! 'se
=
""
?
So&'tion,
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a,
!lume=RADIUS
"
"EI#"$
Step ",
Find t!e radi's/ :o' are i<en t!e dia(eter/
Find t!e radi's 'sin t!is for('&a,
radius=
diameter
"
radius=
5
"
="
T!e radi's is t!erefore " c(/
Step 7,
S'%stit'te i<en infor(ation into t!e for('&a
C!ane 7 D to ?-" to si(p&ify (at!/
Use =
""
?

!lume=
""
?
"
"

?
"
Step 5,
s2'are t!e radi's "
"
; 5
!lume=
""
?
5
?
"
Step =,
To si(p&ify (at! .rite 5 as 5-$
Step *,
Di<ide t!e "" and t!e " %y "
Step ?,
Di<ide t!e t.o se<ens %y se<en/
Step @,
M'&tip&y t!e n'(erators and deno(inators/
Step 3 and so&'tion,
Di<ide 55 %y $ to find area
T!e area is 55 s2'are centi(eters
d ; 5 c(
! ; 7D c(
!lume=
""
?

5
$

?
"
!lume=
$$
?

5
$

?
$
!lume=
$$
$

5
$

$
$
!lume=
55
$
=55 cm
"
!lume=
55
$
VOLUME OF A CONE
!lume=
$
7
radius
"
height
Let I ; 7/$5
How to use the formula: T!e fi're a%o<e s!o.s a cone
.it! a radi's of 7 c( and a !ei!t of * CM/
Step $, 6rite t!e for('&a
!lume=
$
7
radius
"
height
Step ", S'%stit'te t!e infor(ation fro( t!e fi're into t!e
for('&a,
!lume=
$
7
7/$57
"
*
Step 7, So&<e t!e for('&a/
7
"
; 3 !lume=
$
7
7/$53*
!lume=
$
7
7/$53*==*/=" cm
7
E8a(p&e,
T!e dia(eter of t!e froGen ice crea( cone on t!e &eft is * c(/
It is $$ c( !i!/ T!e cone is so&d .it! t!e cone co(p&ete&y
fi&&ed .it! ice crea(/ 4o. (any c'%ic centi(eters of ice
crea( co(es .it! t!e cone9
Step $, Since t!e so&'tion of t!e <o&'(e of a cone re2'ires
t!e radi's+ Find t!e radi's of t!e cone/
Re(e(%er, radius=
diameter
"
/
p&' in t!e n'(%ers, radius=
*
"
=7cm /
Step ",
6rite t!e cone for('&a
!lume=
$
7
radius
"
height
Step7, S'%stit'te di(ensions of t!e ice crea( cone into t!e
for('&a/
!lume=
$
7
7/$57$$
Step 5 and so&'tion,
Usin t!e Casio f8 "*# so&ar ca&c'&ator+ t!e ans.er is
!lume=
$
7
7/$57$$=75/=5 cm
7
DISTANCE EET6EEN T6O POINTS

X
"
X
$

"
%
"
%
$

"
To find t!e distance %et.een t.o points+ t!e st'dent ('st
app&y t!e distance for('&a/
Eefore atte(ptin t!e so&'tion+ t!e st'dent ('st 'nderstand,
Order of operations
4o. to co(p'te t!e s2'are of a n'(%erAe8ponentB
Find t!e s2'are root of a n'(%er
S'%tract sined n'(%ers
How to understand the conventions of referring to a point
on a grid/ Note t!e rid on t!e ri!t/ T!ere are t.o (ain
a8is t!at cross at t!e oriin .!ic! is A#+#B
T!e C a8is 4oriGonta& AB
T!e : a8is Vertica& AB
So&<e t!e fo&&o.in pro%&e( 'sin t!e distance for('&a,
6!at is t!e distance %et.een t!e fo&&o.in t.o points on a
coordinate p&ane or rid9
Point $, A@+ K@B
point ", AK5+ @B
On t!e fi're on t!e ri!t+ t!e so&id red &ine represents t!e
distance %et.een t!e t.o points/
Note, If point $ is interc!aned .it! point "+ t!e res'&ts .i&&
%e t!e sa(e/
To find point $, fro( t!e oriinA#+#B co'nt ei!t spaces to
t!e ri!tAC a8isB and ei!t &ines do.n/ Ri!t a8is/ 6!ere
t!e t.o &ines cross is t!e A@+ K@B point
to find point " on t!e rid+ start fro( t!e oriin+ co'nt fo'r
spaces to t!e &eft and ei!t &ines 'p/ 6!ere t!e t.o &ines
(eet
is point ", AK5+ @B/
Solution:
Step $, 6rite t!e for('&a for findin t!e distance %et.een
t.o points on a coordinate p&ane/
Distance=

X
"
X
$

"
%
"
%
$

"
Step ",
S'%stit'te n'(%ers fro( t!e pro%&e( to rep&ace &etters fro(
t!e for('&a/
Use t!is c!art as 'ide
C coordinate : coordinate
Point " K5 @
Point $ @ K@
re(e(%er first n'(%er is a paired coordinate is 8 and t!e
second is y/ T!e s'%script %e&o. t!e n'(%er refers to t!e
point
Distance=5 @
"
@ @
"
Step 7, Do ca&c'&ations .it!in parent!esis/ If yo' forot
!o. to s'%tract sined n'(%ers+ co'nt t!e n'(%er of spaces
%et.een t!e 8 coordinate &ines and t!e n'(%er of spaces
%et.een t!e y coordinate &ines/ In t!is e8a(p&e t!ere are $"
spaces %et.een K5 and @ A8 coordinatesB and $* spaces
%et.een @ and K@ Ay coordinateB It (a0es no difference if t!e
res'&ts are neati<e or positi<e/
Distance=$"
"
$*
"
Step 5, Do t!e e8ponents/
Distance=$55"=*
Step =, Do t!e addition
Distance=5##
Step * and res'&t, Find t!e s2'are root
Distance=5##="#units
T!e &ine is t!erefore "# 'nits &on
SLOPE OF A LINE
Sl!&e=
%
"
%
$
X
"
X
$
To find t!e s&ope of a &ine i<en t.o points on t!e &ine+ t!e
st'dent (ay app&y t!e s&opeKofKaK&ine for('&a/
Eefore atte(ptin t!e so&'tion+ t!e st'dent ('st 'nderstand
!o. to s'%tract sined n'(%ers
How to understand the conventions of referring to a point
on a grid/ Note t!e rid on t!e ri!t/ T!ere are t.o (ain
a8is t!at cross at t!e oriin .!ic! is A#+#B
T!e C a8is 4oriGonta& AB
T!e : a8is Vertica& AB
So&<e t!e fo&&o.in pro%&e( 'sin t!e s&ope of a &ine
for('&a,
Example:
6!at is t!e s&op of t!e so&id red &ine on t!e ri!t/ T!e &ine
oes t!ro'! t!e fo&&o.in t.o points/
Point $, A@+ K@B
point ", AK5+ @B
Note, If point $ is interc!aned .it! point "+ t!e res'&ts .i&&
%e t!e sa(e/
To find point $, fro( t!e oriinA#+#B co'nt ei!t &ines to t!e
ri!tAC a8isB and ei!t &ines do.n/ Ri!t a8is/ 6!ere t!e
t.o &ines cross is t!e A@+ K@B point
to find point " on t!e rid+ start fro( t!e oriin+ co'nt fo'r
&ines to t!e &eft and ei!t &ines 'p/ 6!ere t!e t.o &ines (eet
is point ", AK5+ @B/
Solution:
Step $, 6rite t!e for('&a for findin t!e s&ope of a &ine/
Sl!&e=
%
"
%
$
X
"
X
$
Step ",
S'%stit'te n'(%ers fro( t!e pro%&e( to rep&ace &etters fro(
t!e for('&a/
Use t!is c!art as 'ide
C coordinate : coordinate
Point " K5 @
Point $ @ K@
re(e(%er first n'(%er is a paired coordinate is 8 and t!e
second is y/ T!e s'%script %e&o. t!e n'(%er refers to t!e
point
Sl!&e=
@@
5@
Step 7, Do ca&c'&ations/ If yo' forot !o. to s'%tract sined
n'(%ers+ co'nt t!e n'(%er of spaces %et.een t!e 8
coordinate &ines and t!e n'(%er of spaces %et.een t!e y
coordinate &ines/ AIn rid on &eft see t!e das!ed red &ines/ In
t!is e8a(p&e t!ere are $" spaces %et.een K5 and @ A8
coordinatesB and $* spaces %et.een @ and K@ Ay coordinateB/
Sl!&e=
$*
$"
Step 5, :o' co'&d 'se di<ision to so&<e+ %'t it is easier to
red'ce t!e a%o<e i(proper fraction to
Sl!&e=
5
7
Step =, T!e ans.er co'&d %e &eft as an i(proper fraction+ %'t
it is %est to c!ane to a (i8ed n'(%er
Sl!&e=$
$
7
Pyt!aorean Re&ations!ip
M'st 'nderstand po.ers and roots to so&<e Pyt!aorean
Re&ations!ip for('&a/
a
"
b
"
=c
"
6or0s .it! trian&es .it! a ri!t an&e/
In t!e ri!t trian&e pict'red %e&o.+ t!e sides Aa and %B
adLacent to t!e ri!t an&e in t!e pict're %e&o. are ca&&ed
&es/ T!e side opposite to t!e ri!t an&e Aside cB is ca&&ed
t!e !ypoten'se/
To find t!e &ent! of t!e !ypoten'se+ yo' ('st s2'are t!e
&ent!s of t!e &esH add t!e s2'ares and t!en ta0e t!e s2'are
root of t!e ans.er/
To (a0e t!is c&ear .e .i&& assin &ent!s to eac! of t!e sides
of t!e trian&e/ See %e&o./
De(onstration,
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a,
a
"
b
"
=c
"
Step ",
S'%stit'te act'a& &ent!s in t!e Pyt!aorean re&ation for('&a/
Don>t for et t!at eac! &ent! ('st !a<e an e8ponent/
7
"
5
"
==
"
Step 7,
T!e ne8t step is to s2'are eac! ter( of t!e e2'ation/
T!at is, 7 X 7 ;3+ 5 X 5 ; $*+ and = X = ; "=
3$*="=
After addin t!e 3 J $* on t!e &eft side of t!e e2'ation+ yo'
can see t!at "= ; "= and for o'r p'rposes .e !a<e s!o.n
t!at t!e Pyt!aorean re&ations!ip is <a&id
"=="=
E8a(p&e, I<an .ants to find o't
!o. !i! !is roof is fro( t!e
ro'nd/ 4e ta0es a &adder t!at is $57
inc!es !i! and &eans it aainst !is
!o'se/ 4e p&aces t!e %otto( of t!e
&adder == inc!es fro( t!e !o'se/
Notice t!at t!e &adder aainst t!e
!o'se for(s a ri!t trian&e/ T!e
t!ree sides are,
T!e &adderK $57 inc!es
T!e distance fro( t!e %otto(
of t!e !o'se to t!e %otto( of
t!e &adder == inc!es
T!e !ei!t of t!e .a&&/ K
'n0no.n
6e .i&& app&y t!e Pyt!aorean re&ations!ip to deter(ine t!e
!ei!t of t!e .a&&/
Step .:
6rite t!e for('&a/
a
"
b
"
=c
"
Step (:
Loo0 at t!e infor(ation in t!e pro%&e( and s'%stit'te a&&
0no. infor(ation/
a ; == A distance on t!e ro'nd/
% is 'n0no.n/ T!e !ei!t of t!e side of t!e %'i&din
c is t!e !ypoten'se/ Lent! of t!e &adder
==
"
b
"
=$57
"
Step /:
Find t!e s2'are of == and t!e s2'are of $57/
7#"=b
"
="#553
Step 0:
S'%tract 7#"= fro( %ot! sides of t!e e2'ation
7#"=7#"=b
"
="#5537#"=
b
"
=$?5"5
Step 1 and solution:
Ta0e t!e s2'are root of %ot! sides of t!e e2'ation
b
"
=$?5"5
b=$7"inches
Mean a&so referred to as A<erae
mean=
'
$
'
"
///'
n
n
T!is for('&a te&&s 's t!at .e add a %'nc! of
n'(%ers Aat &east t.oB
6e t!en ta0e t!e tota& or s'( and di<ide it %y
t!e n'(%ers .e added/
C$ in t!e for('&a refers to t!e first n'(%er
t!at .e are oin to add/ C" refers to t!e
second n'(%er/ J///J te&&s 's t!at .e can add
as (any n'(%ers as t!ere are/ Cn refers to
t!e &ast n'(%er/ n refers to t!e n'(%er of
n'(%ers .e are addin/ T!e N %e&o. t!e
%ars te&&s 's t!at .e .i&& di<ide t!e tota& %y
t!e n'(%er of n'(%ers .e !a<e/
6e 0no. fro( o'r 0no.&ede of a&e%ra t!at
t!e %ar (eans di<ide/
Example .
Lets find t!e (ean of t!e fo&&o.in si8 n'(%ers/
@ 5 * $5 $" $# "# "
Note t!at t!e (ean is ne<er &o.er t!an t!e &o.est n'(%er or
!i!er t!an t!e !i!est n'(%er/
Step $,
6rite t!e e2'ation,
Step ",
S'%stit'te t!e ter(s into t!e for('&a,
Re(e(%er N represents t!e n'(%er of ter(s in t!e e8a(p&e/
Step /: Do t!e (at!/
Step 0 and solution: Di<ide t!e tota& ?* %y t!e n'(%er of
ter(s+ in t!is case t!e n'(%er of ter(s is @/
mean=?*@=3/=
Example (:
Mi0e recei<ed t!e fo&&o.in scores on !is GED test/ 6!at
.as !is (ean score
Mat!e(atics 5*#
Lan'ae Arts+ Readin =##
Lan'ae Arts+ 6ritin 5$#
Science 5?#
Socia& St'dies =$#
Step .: 6rite t!e e2'ation,
Step (: Su,stitute the terms in the 'uestion:
Step /: 2ind the total of all the terms:
mean=
"7=#
=
Step 5 and so&'tion, Di<ide t!e tota& "7=# %y t!e n'(%er of
ter(s+ in t!is case t!e n'(%er of ter(s is =/
mean="7=#==5?#
mean=
'
$
'
"
///'
n
n
mean=
5*#=##5$#5?#=$#
=
mean=
'
$
'
"
///'
n
n
mean=
@5*$5$"$#"#"
@
mean=
?*
@
Median
T!e (edian is t!e (idd&e n'(%er in a set of n'(%ers/
A&t!o'! t!e (edian is on t!e GED for('&as pae/ It is not
a for('&a/
T!e GED for('&a pae defines (edian as fo&&o.s/
MMedian ; t!e (idd&e <a&'e of an odd n'(%er of ordered
scores+ and !a&f.ay %et.een t!e t.o (idd&e <a&'es of an
e<en n'(%er of ordered scores/N
Do not .orry a%o't t!e .ord score in t!e definition/ Median
can refer to any type of data/ For e8a(p&e a ro'p of fi<e
(en .ei! t!e fo&&o.in/
)o!n $?= &%/
4arry $*= &%/
)'an $3= &%/
Peter "?= &%/
Sean "$# &%/
Step $,
To find t!e (edian .ei!t of t!e fi<e (en+ .rite t!e .ei!ts
in ascendin order
)o!n $*= &%/
4arry $?= &%/
)'an $3= &%/
Peter "$# &%/
Sean "?= &%/
Step ",
Deter(ine .!ic! <a&'e is in t!e (idd&e of t!e &ist/
)o!n $*= &%/
4arry $?= &%/
)'an $3= &%/
Peter "$# &%/
Sean "?= &%/
It is o%<io's in t!is case t!at $3=&%s/ Is t!e (edian/ 4a&f t!e
<a&'es are %e&o. $3= in <a&'e and !a&f are a%o<e/
Lets try anot!er de(onstration/ T!e fo&&o.in s!o.s Mi0e>s
co((issions fro( se&&in Vac''( c&eaners &ast .ee0/
6!at is !is (edian co((ission for t!e .ee0/
Monday O?=/##
T'esday O$?=/##
6ednesday O=#/##
T!'rsday O"?=/##
Friday O$##/##
Sat'rday O"=#/##
Step $,
6e ('st p't t!e data into ascendin order/
6ednesday O=#/##
Monday O?=/##
Friday O$##/##
T'esday O$?=/##
Sat'rday O"=#/##
T!'rsday O"?=/##
Step ", 6e ('st find t!e (idd&e n'(%er/
6ednesday O=#/##
Monday O?=/##
Friday O$##/##
T'esday O$?=/##
Sat'rday O"=#/##
T!'rsday O"?=/##
OOPS, .e !a<e t.o (idd&e n'(%ers/ 6!at do .e do9
Step t!ree,
Find t!e n'(%er !a&f .ay %et.een t!e (idd&e n'(%ers/ 6e
can do t!is %y findin t!e (ean of t!e t.o n'(%ers 'sin t!e
fo&&o.in e8pression
T!is is easy/ Add $## J $?= ; "?=
T!en di<ide "?= P " ; $7?/=
T!erefore t!e (edian co((ission for t!e si8 days is O$7?/=#
$##$?=
"
Si(p&e Interest For('&a
interest =&rinci&al ratetime
Interest is t!e fee yo' pay to %orro. (oney/ It is si(i&ar to
payin rent to &i<e in an apart(ent/
Principa& is t!e a(o'nt of (oney yo' %orro./
Rate is t!e percent of t!e principa& yo' ('st pay to %orro.
(oney/ 6!en p&'ed into t!e for('&a+ .e so(eti(es
reco((end t!at rate %e .ritten in t!e for( of a fraction or
ratio+ t!'s @Q s!o'&d %e .ritten @-$##/ 7/=Q s!o'&d %e
.ritten as 7/= o<er a !'ndred/ 4o.e<er if yo' are 'sin t!e
ca&c'&ator+ @Q can %e .ritten as /#@ and 7/=Q can %e .ritten
as /#7=/
Ti(e refers to t!e a(o'nt of years yo' %orro. (oney/
For e8a(p&e if yo' %orro. (oney for one year+ ti(e ; $+ if
yo' %orro. (oney for ten years+ ti(e ; $#/
Since t!ere are $" (ont!s in a year+ a (ont! is $-$" of a
year/ So+ if yo' %orro. (oney for * (ont!s+ ti(e ; *-$"/ If
yo' %orro. (oney for $@ (ont!s+ ti(e ; $@-$"/
*emonstration 3fraction method4:
Eo% %o'!t O$"## a sa<ins %ond t!at (at'res in ei!teen
(ont!s/ It yie&ds 7Q interest/ 6!at .i&& t!e <a&'e of t!e
%ond %e in ei!teen (ont!s at (at'rity/
Step $, 6rite t!e si(p&e interest for('&a for('&a/
interest =&rinci&al ratetime
Step ",
P&' in t!e a(o'nts of t!e data into t!e for('&a/ In t!is case
c!anin t!e data into fractions .i&& ena%&e yo' to so&<e t!e
pro%&e( .it!o't 'sin a ca&c'&ator/
:o' .i&& enter t!e principa& as $"##-$
T!e rate 7Q in t!e for( of a ratio or fraction as 7-$##/
T!e ti(e as $@-$"/ Are(e(%er t!at a (ont! is $-$" of a yearB
Step 7, :o' can di<ide %ot! $"## and $## %y $##/
T!is .i&& cance& o't t!e Geros/
Step 5,
Step =,
Cance& o't t!e t.o $"s/
Step *,
Do t!e (at!/
Step ? and so&'tion,
To find t!e fina& <a&'e of t!e Sa<ins %ond/ Add t!e oriina&
<a&'e O$"## to O=5 interest/
final (alue=$"##=5=)$"=5
De(onstration Adeci(a& (et!odB
:o' can 'se t!is (et!od .!en yo' prefer 'sin a ca&c'&ator
or .!en t!e n'(%ers 'sed in t!e pro%&e( are not easi&y
di<ided .it! eac! ot!er/
6e .i&& 'se t!e pro%&e( descri%ed in t!e pre<io's
de(onstration/
Eo% %o'!t O$"## a sa<ins %ond t!at (at'res in ei!teen
(ont!s/ It yie&ds 7Q interest/ 6!at .i&& t!e <a&'e of t!e
%ond %e in ei!teen (ont!s at (at'rity/
Step $, 6rite t!e si(p&e interest for('&a for('&a/
interest =&rinci&al ratetime
Step ",
P&' in t!e a(o'nts of t!e data into t!e for('&a/ In t!is case
.e .i&& 'se t!e deci(a& for( for a&& t!e data/
:o' .i&& enter t!e principa& as $"##
T!e rate 7Q in t!e for( of a deci(a& is /#7
If t!e ti(e .ere in years yo' .o'&d (ere&y p&' in t!e
n'(%er of years/ In !is case t!e ti(e is i<en in (ont!s/ To
c!ane t!is to deci(a& for( di<ide t!e n'(%er of (ont!s %y
$"/ T!erefore $@ P $" ; $/=
interest =$"##/#7$/=
Step 7, Do t!e ('&tip&ication,
interest =$"##/#7$/===5
Step 5, Add t!e a(o'nt of interest recei<ed to t!e oriina&
<a&'e of t!e %ond/
final (alue=$"##=5=)$"=5
interest =
$"##
$

7
$##

$@
$"
interest =
$
$

7
$

$@
$
interest =
$"
$

7
$

$@
$"
interest =7$@=)=5
Distance For('&a
distance=ratetime
distance refers to t!e n'(%er of (i&es or 0i&o(eters tra<e&ed/
Rate can %e referred to in t.o .ays in t!e US ad(inistered
GED test,
T!e n'(%er of (i&es tra<e&ed in one !o'r/ T!is is ca&&ed
(i&es per !o'r A(p!B
T!e n'(%er of 0i&o(eters tra<e&ed in one !o'r/ T!is is
ca&&ed 0i&o(eters per !o'r A0p!B
In Canada on&y 0p! is 'sed/
For e8a(p&e if )o!n tra<e&s *#(p! on t!e interstate/ In one
!o'r )o!n .i&& tra<e& *# (i&es/
distance=ratetime
distance=*#m&h$hr
distance=*#miles
If Sa( dri<es *# (p! on t!e interstate for t.o !o'rs+ 4o.
(any (i&es .i&& !e tra<e&9
distance=ratetime
distance=*#m&h"hrs
distance=$"#miles
For e8a(p&e if )ean tra<e&s $## 0p! for t!ree !o'rs+ !e .i&&
tra<e& 7## 0(/
distance=ratetime
distance=$##*&h7hrs
distance=7## *il!meters
T!e distance for('&a can %e (odified to find t!e rate/
E8a(p&e,
Find t!e rate i<en t!e distance and t!e ti(e
rate=
distance
time
)o!n ran on a tread(i&& for "/= !o'rs/ 4e set !is !eart p'&se
rate oa& to $7#/ T!e disp&ay reported t!at !e ran @/7 (i&es/
6!at .as !is rate in (i&es per !o'r A(p!B9
Step $, 6rite t!e for('&a on yo'r paper/
rate=
distance
time
Step ", Deter(ine .!at infor(ation is needed to so&<e t!e
pro%&e(/ In t!is case yo' need
distance ; @/7 (i&es
ti(e ; "/= !o'rs/
Notice t!at yo' do not need to 0no. t!e p'&se rate/ Inore it/
Step 7 and so&'tion,
S'%stit'te t!e needed infor(ation into t!e for('&a/
rate=
@/7
"/=
=7/7"m&h
re(e(%er t!at t!e %ar indicates di<ision/
T!is is anot!er .ay of .ritin t!e e8a(p&e,
rate=@/7"/==7/7"m&h
T!e distance for('&a can a&so %e (odified to find t!e ti(e,
time=
distance
rate
Candace tra<e&s $*# (i&es to .or0 and %ac0 eac! day/ S!e
a<eraes *# (p! on t!e interstate/ 4o. &on does it s!e
!a<e to tra<e& eac! day/
Step $,
6rite t!e for('&a/
time=
distance
rate
Step ",
S'%stit'te t!e i<en infor(ation Adistance and rateB into t!e
for('&a/
time=
$*#
*#
Step 7,
So&<e t!e for('&a %y di<idin $*# (i&es %y *# (p!/
time=
$*#
*#
="
"
7
h!urs
T!e ans.er is "
"
7
!o'rs/ Or " !o'rs and 5# (in'tes/
Tota& Cost For('&a
t!tal c!st=number !f units &rice &er unit
Tota& cost is t!e tota& a(o'nt of t!e %i&&/
T!e n'(%er of 'nits refers to t!e n'(%er of
t!ins yo' are %'yin
Price per 'nit is t!e cost of eac! indi<id'a&
ite(/
For e8a(p&e+ yo' %o'!t t!ese t!ree candy
%ars for @3 cents eac!/
:o' can 'se t!e tota& cost to deter(ine !o.
('c! yo' payed for t!e t!ree candy %ars/
N'(%er of 'nits ; 7/
Price per 'nit ; O #/@3
Steps to so&<e t!e pro%&e(,
Step$, 6rite t!e for('&a/
t!tal c!st= number !f units &rice &er unit
Step ", S'%stit'te data fro( pro%&e(
t!tal c!st =7. @3
Step 7 and so&'tion,
('&tip&y 7 ti(es /@3
t!tal c!st=) "/*?
E8a(p&e ",
Pa'& %o'!t * ca&c'&ators for !is GED c&ass
for O**/ 4o. ('c! did !e pay for eac!
ca&c'&ator9
Step $,
6rite t!e Tota& cost for('&a/
t!tal c!st= number !f units ' &rice &er unit
Step ",
S'%stit'te infor(ation in t!e pro%&e( into t!e
for('&a/
**=* &rice &er unit
Notice in t!is case t!e 'n0no.n a(o'nt is
Aprice per 'nit/
Step 7,
Usin r'&es of a&e%ra di<ide eac! side %y */
**
*
=
*
*
&rice &er unit
Notice t!at
**
*
=$$
and
*
*
=$
$$=$ &rice &er unit
Notice t!at yo' can o(it t!e $/
$$= &rice &er unit
So&'tion,
T!e price for eac! ca&c'&ator is t!erefore O$$