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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Paper 1
0680/01
May/June 2005
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler (cm/mm)
Candidate
Name
Centre
Number
Candidate
Number
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
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Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
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FOR EXAMINERS USE
1
2
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5
6
TOTAL
This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
SPA (DR) S92064/3.1
UCLES 2005
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
2
(a) The graph below shows the income per head and energy consumption for four countries.
6.0
Energy consumption per head (tonnes of coal equivalent)
5.5
United
Kingdom
France
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Egypt
0.5
Kenya
0
0
5000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
Income per head (US $)
Energy
consumption
Income
per head
Brazil
0.8
$5400
Japan
4.7
$22 110
Country
(i)
Plot the figures for Brazil and Japan on the graph.
[2]
(ii)
Describe the pattern shown by the graph and give one reason for the pattern that
you have described.
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(b) One way of generating electricity is by using nuclear power. State one advantage and
one disadvantage of using this method.
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(c) Many countries use fossil fuels for most of their energy. How can supplies of such fossil
fuels be made to last longer?
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[Total: 10]
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2
Read the following passage:
Cubatao is a town in South East Brazil where industrial development has led to very
high levels of pollution. The town is located in a steep-sided valley and its industries
include a steelworks, an oil refinery and a factory producing fertilisers and other
chemicals. The smog-filled air has lead to breathing difficulties and other diseases
among the people of the town. Trees on the steep valley sides have died from pollution.
The rivers have been polluted by chemical spills and other wastes, including those from
humans.
(a) (i)
Give one reason why Cubataos location in a valley increases air pollution.
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(ii)
Describe and explain environmental problems that could result from the death of
forests on the valley sides.
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(b) (i)
The water in the river has to be used by the people of the town for drinking,
washing and so on. The passage says that it has been polluted by human waste.
State one problem this might cause.
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(ii)
How might the government of the town make the water safer for use by the people
of the town?
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(c) Suggest ways in which environments damaged by industrial development can be
restored.
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[Total: 10]
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6
The map below shows the main ocean currents for part of the world.
For
Examiners
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nd
nla
r ee
E. G
Labrador
N. Atlantic
Drift
Gulf
Stream
N.
Canary
Eq
uat
orial
Equa
toria
l Cou
nter
S. Equatorial
Brazil
Atla n tic
Oce a n
Benguela
tlan
South A
ti c
Key:
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(a) (i)
(ii)
Complete the key above for warm and cold currents.
[1]
Describe the pattern of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean
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(iii)
Describe how a cold ocean current may affect the climate of nearby coastal areas.
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(b) (i)
What is overfishing?
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(ii)
Explain why international action is needed to bring about sustainable fishing
practices.
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[Total: 10]
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4
(a) Look at the two newspaper articles below which refer to two major floods, one which
happened in 1993 in the Mississippi River in the USA, a developed country, and the
other which affected the Ganges/Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh, a developing
country, in 1988.
Floods Hit
Mississippi
Over 1000 die in floods in
Bangladesh
Major floods have affected the whole
Mississippi River area of the USA. A
total of 26 000 square kilometres have
been flooded and 50 000 people have
been moved out of their homes to
safety. Sadly it was too late for 43 who
died. The floods are the result of
unusually heavy rain throughout April,
May, June and July.
In recent weeks 70% of the Asian
country of Bangladesh has been
flooded. The result of 4 months of very
heavy rain (from May to August), the
floods have killed at least 1300 people,
although the final total may be much
higher due to outbreaks of cholera and
dysentery. 7 million homes have been
destroyed, making 25 million people
homeless.
(a) (i)
What was the common cause of both floods?
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(ii)
Compare the death toll for the two floods.
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(iii)
State one other common effect of both floods
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(b) Suggest reasons for the different effects of the two floods
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(c) State one beneficial effect of flooding
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(d) Is improved weather forecasting an appropriate way to reduce the effects of a flood in a
developing country? Give reasons for your answer.
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5
(a) (i)
What is meant by the term Green Revolution?
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(ii)
The figures below show changes to rice yields in India between 1931 and 2001.
Plot the figures on a graph, using the graph paper below.
Year
1931
1961
1981
1991
2001
Yield
(kg/ha)
1520
1480
1860
2620
3100
[3]
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(iii)
Describe the changes in yield between 1931 and 2001.
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(b) One feature of the Green Revolution is that more of the land is owned by fewer people.
Do you think that this is a good thing? Give reasons for your answer.
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[Total: 10]
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6
In river and pond ecosystems in certain parts of the world, the disease malaria is a major
problem. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes. Below is a FOOD WEB for such an
ecosystem.
Female Mosquito
Hawk
Racoon
Heron
Musk Rats
Crayfish
Frogs
Small
Fish
Mosquito Larvae
Male Mosquito
Algae
Flowers
(a) (i)
Using the food web above, draw a food chain which involves female mosquitoes.
[3]
(ii)
The arrows on the food web diagram represent the flow of energy from eaten to
eater. What is the source of this energy?
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(b) (i)
Give details of one strategy for reducing mosquito numbers in an area.
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(ii)
Describe and explain two ways in which the strategy described in b (i) might affect
the numbers of animals and/or plants (other than mosquitoes) in the food web
above.
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[Total: 10]
[Paper Total: 60]
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BLANK PAGE
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2
Bunce, V (1995) Debt/Environment Cycle in Contexts, Pearson Education.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2005
0680/01/M/J/05
