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Section1 6

This document contains solutions to problems related to oscillatory motion and damping. Problem 1.81 asks the reader to calculate the viscous damping coefficient (c) of a damped system given its mass, spring constant, and the ratio of its initial amplitude to its amplitude after 5 cycles. The solution shows that the logarithmic decrement (δ) can be determined from this ratio, which is then used to find the damping ratio (ζ) and calculate c.

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83 views7 pages

Section1 6

This document contains solutions to problems related to oscillatory motion and damping. Problem 1.81 asks the reader to calculate the viscous damping coefficient (c) of a damped system given its mass, spring constant, and the ratio of its initial amplitude to its amplitude after 5 cycles. The solution shows that the logarithmic decrement (δ) can be determined from this ratio, which is then used to find the damping ratio (ζ) and calculate c.

Uploaded by

sonti11
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems and Solutions Section 1.6 (1.75 through 1.

81)

1.75

Show that the logarithmic decrement is equal to

!=

1 x0 ln n xn

where xn is the amplitude of vibration after n cycles have elapsed. Solution:


'() t ! ! x t $ Ae n sin ) d t + * # ln # & = ln x t + nT # Ae'() n (t + nt ) sin ) d t + ) d nT + * # & " % "

()

$ & & %

(1)

Since n! d T = n(2" ), sin (! d t + n! d T + # ) = sin (! d t + # ) Hence, Eq. (1) becomes


!"# t % Ae n sin # d t + $ ' ln ' Ae!"# n (t + nT )e!"# n nt sin # d t + # d nt + $ &

( * = ln e"# n nT = n"# nT * )

Since

! x t $ ln # & = '( nT = ) , # "x t +T & %

()

Then

! x t $ ln # & = n' x t + nT # & " %

()

Therefore,

!=

1 xo ln n xn

" original amplitude " amplitude n cycles later

Here x0 = x(0).

1.76

Derive the equation (1.70) for the trifalar suspension system. Solution: Using the notation given for Figure 1.29, and the following geometry:

r ! r! l h "

r!

Write the kinetic and potential energy to obtain the frequency:

1 2 1 2 I ! + I! 2 o 2 = r! From geometry, x = r! and x


Kinetic energy:

Tmax =

Tmax =

2 1 ( Io + I) x 2 2 r

Potential Energy: Umax = (mo + m) g( l ! l cos" ) Two term Taylor Series Expansion of cos ! ! 1 "

#2 : 2

Umax
For geometry, sin " = Umax

" !2 % $ = (mo + m) gl # 2&

r! r! , and for small !, sin ! = ! so that ! = l l

" r 2! 2 % $ = (mo + m) gl # 2l 2 &

" r 2! 2 % Umax = (mo + m) g$ where r! = x # 2l & Umax =

(m o + m ) g
2l

x2

Conservation of energy requires that:

Tmax = Umax

1 ( Io + I ) 2 (m o + m )g 2 x = x 2 r2 2l

= !n A At maximum energy, x = A and x


1 ( Io + I ) 2 2 (m o + m )g 2 !n A = A 2 r2 2l gr 2 (mo + m) " ( Io + I ) = !2 nl
Substitute ! n = 2"f n =

2" T

( Io + I ) =

gr 2 ( mo + m) 2 (2! / T ) l

gT 2 r 2 ( mo + m) I= " Io 4! 2 l
were T is the period of oscillation of the suspension.

1.77

A prototype composite material is formed and hence has unknown modulus. An experiment is performed consisting of forming it into a cantilevered beam of length 1 m and I = 10-9 m4 with a 6-kg mass attached at its end. The system is given an initial displacement and found to oscillate with a period of 0.5 s. Calculate the modulus E.

Solution: Using equation (1.66) for a cantilevered beam, T= 2! ml 3 = 2! "n 3EI

Solving for E and substituting the given values yields

4! 2 ml 3 4! 2 (6)(1)3 E= = 3T 2 I 3(.5)2 10 "9

# E = 3.16 $ 1011 N/m 2

1.78

The free response of a 1000-kg automobile with stiffness of k = 400,000 N/m is observed to be of the form given in Figure 1.32. Modeling the automobile as a single-degree-of-freedom oscillation in the vertical direction, determine the damping coefficient if the displacement at t1 is measured to be 2 cm and 0.22 cm at t2. Solution: Given: x1 = 2 cm and x2 = 0.22 cm where t2 = T + t1 Logarithmic Decrement: ! = ln Damping Ratio: # =
x1 2 = ln = 2.207 x2 0.22
= 2.207 4! 2 + (2.207 )
2

"
4! 2 + " 2

= 0.331

Damping Coefficient: c = 2! km = 2(0.331) (400,000 )( 1000 ) = 13,256 kg/s

1.79

A pendulum decays from 10 cm to 1 cm over one period. Determine its damping ratio. Solution: Using Figure 1.31: x1 = 10 cm and x 2 = 1 cm Logarithmic Decrement: ! = ln Damping Ratio:! =

x1 10 = ln = 2.303 x2 1

"
4# + "
2 2

2.303 4# + (2.303)2
2

= 0.344

1.80

The relationship between the log decrement " and the damping ratio # is often approximated as " =2$#. For what values of # would you consider this a good approximation to equation (1.74)? Solution: From equation (1.74), # = For small #,
2"! 1$! 2

# = 2!"

A plot of these two equations is shown:

The lower curve represents the approximation for small #, while the upper curve is equation (1.74). The approximation appears to be valid to about # = 0.3.

1.81

A damped system is modeled as illustrated in Figure 1.10. The mass of the system is measured to be 5 kg and its spring constant is measured to be 5000 N/m. It is observed that during free vibration the amplitude decays to 0.25 of its initial value after five cycles. Calculate the viscous damping coefficient, c. Solution: Note that for any two consecutive peak amplitudes,
xo x1 x2 x 3 x4 = = = = = e! by definition x1 x 2 x3 x 4 x5 ! xo 1 x x x x x = = 0 " 1 " 2 " 3 " 4 = e 5# x5 0.25 x1 x2 x 3 x4 x 5

So,
1 ! = ln (4 ) = 0.277 5

and

# =
Solving for c,

!
4" 2 + ! 2

= 0.044

c = 2! km = 2(0.044 ) 5000(5) c = 13.94 N - s/m

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