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Assignment Fourier Properties Solutions

This document summarizes key properties and relationships between the Fourier transform, Fourier series, and windowing techniques. It discusses how the DC component can be identified from the Fourier transforms, which transforms can be calculated exactly on a computer, and why complex sinusoids are used rather than real sinusoids. The relationship between the continuous-time Fourier transform (CTFT) and continuous-time Fourier series (CTFS) coefficients is explained. Finally, the effects of windowing on the spectrum are summarized.

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153 views3 pages

Assignment Fourier Properties Solutions

This document summarizes key properties and relationships between the Fourier transform, Fourier series, and windowing techniques. It discusses how the DC component can be identified from the Fourier transforms, which transforms can be calculated exactly on a computer, and why complex sinusoids are used rather than real sinusoids. The relationship between the continuous-time Fourier transform (CTFT) and continuous-time Fourier series (CTFS) coefficients is explained. Finally, the effects of windowing on the spectrum are summarized.

Uploaded by

shahroz12
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 5 Solutions

Fourier Transform and Series Properties


ECE 223 Signals and Systems II
Version 1.00
Spring 2006
1. Interpretation of the transforms.
a. How can you tell from the magnitude of the transforms what the DC component of
the signal is?
The DC component is just the average value of the signal and is represented by either
the value of the Fourier series coecient at k = 0 or the area of the impulse located at
a frequency of 0 for the Fourier transforms.
b. Which transforms can be calculated on a computer exactly, ignoring nite precision
eects?
Only the Fourier series because they only require that the signal be known for a nite
interval. The Fourier transforms cannot be calculated exactly for real signals because
they require knowledge of the signal over an innite time span.
c. Why do we represent signals as linear combinations of complex sinusoids rather than
as real sinusoids?
Primarily because the math is easier and more elegant when working with complex
sinusoids. If we use the amplitude-phase forms of the Fourier transforms we must
evaluate two integrals to solve for the transforms and rely on trigonometric identities.
However, real signals can be represented as either a linear combination of complex
sinusoids with the complex conjugate symmetry to ensure the synthesized signals are
real-valued or as a linear combination of sinusoids with the appropriate amplitudes and
phases. The two representations are mathematically equivalent.
2. Relationship to CTFS Coecients. Suppose that we have a periodic signal x(t)
with fundamental period T. Dene the truncated signal x
T
(t) as follows.
x
T
(t) =

x(t) |t| <


T
2
0 |t|
T
2
a. Determine how the Fourier transform of x
T
(t) is related to the continuous-time Fourier
series coecients of x(t).
1
X[k] =
1
T

T
x(t)e
jkot
X
T
(j) =

T/2
T/2
x
T
(t)e
jt
X[k] =
1
T
X
T
(j)|
=ko
b. Can the CTFT be used to calculate the CTFS coecients of a periodic signal? If so,
how?
Yes. Simply calculate the CTFT of one period of the periodic signal x(t), scale by
1
T
and evaluate the CTFT at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, = k
o
.
c. Can the CTFS be used to calculate the CTFT of a signal with nite duration? If so,
at what frequencies?
Yes, but only at frequencies that are integer multiples of
2
T
, where T is the duration of
the signal.
X(j)|
=k
2
T
= TX[k]
3. Fourier properties concepts.
a. Suppose a music signal is bandlimited from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. If you wish to put this
through a channel that is bandlimited from 0 to 5 kHz, how much would you have to
stretch the signal in time?
To decrease the bandwidth by a factor of 4 to 5 kHz you would have to stretch the signal
in time, x(t/4) by a factor of 4.
b. What is the practical relevance of Parsevals theorem?
Parsevals theorem tells us that we can think of the Fourier transforms as either power
or energy densities versus frequency. Practically this is useful because we can calculate
what fraction of the signal power is located within a given frequency range. This is
useful for design because if we are designing or applying a lter to our signal Parsevals
theorem can be used to compute what fraction of the signal power or energy will pass
through the lter.
c. Why do we primarily use the Laplace transform to analyze the eect of LTI systems
on signals instead of the Fourier transform?
There are primarily two reasons. First, the Laplace transform converges for a wider
class of signals than the Fourier transform. Second, the Laplace transform is easier
to work with mathematically than the Fourier transform because most of the algebraic
expressions for s have real coecients whereas the coecients of when using the
Fourier transform are complex-valued, in general.
2
4. Windowing.
a. What is an ideal window?
w(t) = 1.
b. Why cant it be used in practical applications such as integration with oscilloscopes?
Because practical windows must have a nite duration: w(t) = 0 for |t| > T.
c. What eect does using a nite window have on the spectrum?
It smoothes or blurs the spectrum much like a lowpass lter would smooth or blur a
signal in the time domain. This makes it dicult to identify sharp features in the
spectrum such as impulses and abrupt edges.
3

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