BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE

CENTRO COLOMBO AMERICANO

HOW TO WRITE NUMBERS

SPELL OUT 1. A number beginning a sentence. Fifteen cartons were delivered today. Sixteen students passed the course. A!!ro"imate and round numbers. !e expect nearly ei"hty "uests !e re"istered one hundred students. Numbers under ten. !e sent nine invitations Sara bou"ht three blocks. Ages of !eo!%e& in 'ears. ,ichard in twenty years old. .loria will be fifteen in /ay. Numbers !receding o*c%oc+. 0im will see you at seven o1clock. The 2irector will arrive at ten o1clock. .ates& ,(en t(e mont( is not gi/en. !e received your fax of the third. The boss is leavin" on the tenth. Numbered streets& ten and be%o,. (enry lives at +56 Seventh Street. 0ean took a bus to )i"hth 7venue. Ordina% numbers. The patient recovered after the first week. 4ur boss returned after the third day. 4enturies and decades.
$arta"ena was founded in the fifteenth centuries.

USE FIGURES 1. Numbers referred to as numbers. Pick a number from 1 to 20. The number 1 is considered unlucky Numbers in series. !e ordered # $okes% & pi''as and 2 pies. (e bou"ht 2 shirts% ties and & belts. Large numbers This )n"lish text has 1*+ pa"es !e ordered #0 typin" books. Ages in da's& mont(s and 'ears.
-t took days% & months and 2 years to build.
(e was 2 days% 2 months and ++ years when he died.

#.

#.

$.

$.

).

).

Use figures ,it( a.m. or !.m.. (arry will meet us at & p.m. The meetin" starts at &31# sharp. .ates& ,(en t(e mont( is gi/en. !e received your letter of 0une . !e sent you a fax on 4ctober #. Numbered streets& abo/e ten. 2eliver this to 6## 62nd 7venue. !e live at 6601 S.!. 0th St. 2uantities used ,it( !ercent. Prices will be raised &8 in 7u"ust. 9ou will "et a 108 for prompt payment. 5istorica% 'ears and dates. 7merica was discovered in 1&* . The $olombo was founded in 1*62. E"act amounts of mone'. ,ichard bou"ht a watch for :&#6% Sean paid :2#%#00 for his car.

-.

0.

0.

0.

1.

1.

3.

3.

The Twentieth $entury is "one. 16. Indefinite amounts of mone'. (e earns several thousands a year. She paid a couple hundred dollars for it. 16.

11.

7(en t,o numbers occur toget(er& ,rite t(e %arger and s!e%% out t(e ot(er. !e sold three 5;room apartments. - had to type + four;pa"e reports.

WRITING NUMBERS

Write the numbers is figures or in letters. 1. &. .. 3. ". 6. $. 2. 1. 1,. 11. 1&. 1.. 13. 1". 1$. 12. 11. &,. &1. &&. &.. &3. &". My sister Martha will be on !anuary ". #1$% 'arol()s brother ma*es a year. #+&,-,,,% /ngela gra(uate( from high s0hool in . #1122% Ste4hen got a 4er0ent (is0ount for that shirt. #1"% That beautiful (ress 0ost 5atri0ia . #+13,% The mo7ie will start at 4.m. #1% Mr. Wilson is 4lanning to arri7e in 8artagena on the . #3% Matil(e re0ei7e( si9 4resents on her birth(ay. #1&% We li7e at Main Street. #12$% I or(ere( hot (ogs:ren0h fries- an( 8o*es. #.;&;3% 0rates are to be sent to our 8hi0ago offi0e. #6% We are meeting at #2<.,% They will be returning home on the . #.% /bout 7ases were bro*en (uring trans4ortation. #1,% The 8hairman or(ere( Mont Blan0 4ens for the members. #1&% I am tire(. I ty4e( about 4ages of the re4ort. #1&"% The 0he0* was re0ei7e( for (ollars. #+1-,,,-,,,% =i( you *now that Greg)s salary was raise( 4er0ent> #&"% There)s a real I thin* there are about em4loyees in the 0om4any. #$"% 5lease (eli7er these 4a4ers to /7enue in M0/llen. #66,1% =i( you hear that 'arry isn)t arri7ing until the > #1"% We nee( to or(er English grammar boo*s. #6",% We e94e0t to get re4lies from our 0ustomers. #12.% R?M/N NUMER/@S I. Write these numbers in Roman Numerals. .3 1" 13" 12$ 6$ 2 &2$ $3" &, 3$ .6$ 1112 "3 1$1 2$ 1,

II. Write these Roman numerals in figures. A@III AAAIA M8MA8II M888AAII 88@IB 8=@BI @IB AAIB M8@B MM=@B 8@AAA ABII MONETARY UNITS AAB MMB =8@B A8

Eac( countr' (as its o,n currenc'. For e"am!%e& t(e currenc' for 4o%ombia is t(e Peso. One US8 9 :::::::::::: Pesos on :::::::::::: ::::: & 6::::.
4ountr' Austra%ia 4anada 5ong ;ong <e"ico Panama ?ene>ue%a United ;ingdom Unit Abbre/iation 4ountr' Euro!e United States 4(ina Argentina =ra>i% ?ene>ue%a India 4o%ombia Unit .o%%ar Abbre/iation US8

Peso

4OL8

ROMAN NUMERALS T(e on%' number t(at does not e"ist in Roman numera%s is t(e >ero. Fi/e t(ousand& ten t(ousand and mi%%ion are ,ritten ,it( t(e %etters ?& @ and < ,it( a das( o/er t(e %etter. 1 I II # III $ I? )? 0 1 3 16 ?I ?II ?III I@ @ 11 1 1# 1$ 1) 110 11 13 6 @I @II @III @I? @? @?I @?II @?II @I@ @@ 1 $ ) 3 #6 $6 )6 -6 06 16 @@I @@I? @@? @@I@ @@@ @L L L@ L@@ L@@@ 36 166 66 #66 $66 )66 -66 066 166 366 @4 4 44 444 4. . .4 .44 .444 4< 1666 1$66 1)66 1366 660 $666 )666 3666 16&666 )6&666 < <4. <. <4< << <? ? <@ @ L

A!!ro/ed b' t(e US Post Office in addressing mai% are t(e fo%%o,ing abbre/iationsA
A%%e' Arcade A/enue =ou%e/ard =ranc( ='!ass 4ause,a' 4enter 4irc%e 4ourt 4ourts 4rescent A%' Arc A/e =%/d =r ='! 4s,' 4tr 4ir 4t 4ts 4res .ri/e E"!ress,a' E"tended E"tension Free,a' Gardens Gro/e 5eig(ts 5ig(,a' Lane <anor P%a>a .r E"!' E"t E"t F,' Gdns Gr/ 5ts 5,' Ln <nr P%> P%ace Point Road Route Rura% SBuare Street Terrace Trai% Turn!i+e ?iaduct ?ista P% Pt Rd R R SB Sr Ter Tri T!+e ?ia ?is

ABBREVIATIONS

/=

/fter 8hrist

ft

foot- feet

a*a a.m. /S/5 /TTN BCW B8 b00 BD@ bl(g Bros bDs 8 0 8C: 00 8I: 8?B 8o 0Do 8?= 8or4 85U 8B =D( (e4t. =?/ =?B =ol. (oF =r. E e;mail ea e.g. Eng et al. ET/ et0 : fig :?B frt. 4- 44 58

also *nown as ante meridiem #before noon% as soon as 4ossible attention bla0* an( white before 8hrist blin( 0ourtesy 0o4y bill of la(ing buil(ing brothers bill of sale 8elsius 0o4yright 0ost an( freight 0ourtesy 0o4y 0ost- insuran0e- freight 0lose of business 0om4any 0are of 0harge on (eli7ery 0or4oration 0entral 4ro0essing unit Curriculum Vitae (eli7ere( (e4artment (ate of arri7al (ate of birth (ollar (oFen (o0tor east ele0troni0 mail ea0h exempli gratia #for e9am4le% English et alii #an( others% estimate( time of arri7al et 0etera #an( so forth% :ahrenheit figure free on boar( freight 4age- 4ages 4ersonal 8om4uter

:EI g gal G/TT Go7t 'on hos4 h.4. 'R' I= i( i.e I@? In In0 Inst Int)l I?U IRS !r lb @S lt( M M(se memo Messr mi min Mle mo m4h Mr Mrs Mt N ND/ No NE8 ?G oDs oF RSB5

for your information gram gallon

General /greement on Tariffs C Tra(e

go7ernment honorable hos4 horse 4ower 'is #'er% Royal 'ighness I(entifi0ation Idem #the same% Id est #that is% International @abor ?rganiFation in0h- in0hes in0or4orate( institute international I owe you Internal Re7enue Ser7i0e !unior 4oun( 4la0e of the seal limite( mi(night- noon mer0han(ise memo 4lural of Mister mile- miles minute Ma(emoiselle month miles 4er hour Mister Mistress mount- mountain North not a44li0able number New Eor* 8ity o*ay out of sto0* oun0e Respondez sil vous plait #5lease re4ly%

4( 4*g 4.m. 5? 5?E 4r 5res 5rof 5S ref RR

4ai( 4a0*age Post MeridiemH afternoon- night 4ost offi0e 4ort of entry 4air 4resi(ent 4rofessor 4ost s0ri4t referen0e railroa(

S S/SE SC' Sr St subI US BI5 B5 WS www

south self;a((resse( stam4e( en7elo4e shi44ing an( han(ling senior saint- street subIe0t Unite( States 7ery im4ortant 4erson 7i0e;4resi(ent worl( summit worl( wi(e web

A==RE?IATIONS
Trans%ate t(e fo%%o,ing sentences. 1. . #. $. ). -. 0. 1. 3. 16. 11. 1 . 1#. 1$. 4(risto!(er 4o%umbus disco/ered America in 1$3 A.. FCI& ,e need t(e re!ort finis(ed ASAP. P%ease inc%ude 'our .O= on 'our 4?. As soon as t(e goods are s(i!!ed& t(e =DL ,i%% be sent to 'our NC4 office. Ten do>. c(airs at 8)0.)6 ea. ,ere sent to t(e NC %ast Sat. T(e ?P arri/ed at eig(t o*c%oc+ to attend t(e 7S. Enc%ose a SASE ,it( 'our order and 8-.33 for SE5. T(e meeting ,as !resided b' .r. <a" Green& Prof. Fo(n S,a'& et a%. T(e ?P of Son' <usic 4or!. ,i%% be arri/ing in O(io at - !.m. 5R5& t(e ;ing of S!ain& is tra/e%ing to St. T(omas. T(e !+g. ,i%% be de%i/ered b' RR. Sugar costs 01 cents !er %b. A set of t,e%/e =E7 !ictures ,i%% cost 'ou on%' one do%. P%ease be sure to send 'our 4?& medica% re!orts& certificates of degrees and tit%es& etc.

CAPITALIZATION
4a!ita%i>ation bot( in Eng%is( and in S!anis( is /er' simi%ar& a%t(oug( %ess ca!ita% %etters are used in S!anis(. 5ere are some ru%es 'ou s(ou%d +no,A

aG E/er' sentence must start ,it( a ca!ita% %etter. The folders were kept in a file. !hat time is the meetin"< bG T(e abbre/iations of degrees and tit%es must start ,it( a ca!ita% %etter. 2r. 0r. /r. /rs. Ph.2. Sr. /s. cG T(e initia%s of a name are ca!ita%i>ed. Lea/e a s!ace bet,een eac( initia%. 2r. 0. ,. Smith /r. 7. ). (ouseman dG A.<. and P.<. T(ese time measurements ma' be in ca!ita% %etters or in %o,er case& but t(e H<I for midJda' or midJnig(t must be in ca!ita% %etter. &3 0 7./. +3#0 a.m. 12 / #3 0 p.m. +310 P./. eG 4ommon abbre/iations ma' be eit(er in ca!ita% or sma%% %etters. .o not %ea/e a s!ace bet,een %etters. $42 F4= cod fob fG Use ca!ita% %etter for mi%itar' ser/icesA gG Use ca!ita% %etters for im!ortant tit%esA The >.S. 7rmy The =ritish ?avy The Supreme $ourt

President .eor"e !. =ush

(G Use ca!ita% %etters ,it( t(e names of educationa% courses or subKects. /odern (istory @iterature =usiness $orrespondence Typin" Translation iG Geogra!(ica% !%aces and regions are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. The 7tlantic 4cean 7sia KG T(e names of !eo!%e and organi>ations are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. ,oy !illiams /artha /c $ormick The !orld Peace $ommission +G Go/ernmenta% and !o%itica% names are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. The 2emocratic Party controls the >.S. Senate. %G T(e (eadings and tit%es of a boo+& manuscri!t& artic%e& s!eec(& etc.& must start ,it( ca!ita% %etters. A%% !re!ositions& artic%es and conKunctions must be in %o,er case. .one with the !ind 4ne (undred 9ears of Solitude If t(e !re!ositions in a tit%e (a/e more t(an fi/e %etters& ca!ita% %etters are a%%o,ed. 7 /an !ithout a $ountry 7 !alk 7round $entral Park mG T(e ages in (istor' and names of (istorica% documents must be ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. The Stone 7"e The -ce 7"e The /a"na $arta The 2eclaration of -ndependence nG Use ca!ita% %etters for re%igious and ot(er im!ortant (o%ida's. $hristmas (oly !eek Fourth of 0uly @abor 2ay Thanks"ivin" (anukkah oG 4a!ita% %etters are used for t(e first %etter of a direct Buotation& but t(e' are not used for t(e second !art of an interru!ted Buotation. <ar' saidA A7re you "oin" to study with ,ita for the test<B A- have to study for the test%B said Rita& Aor - will fail it.B !G T(e names of deit'& t(e =ib%e& and ot(er sacred boo+s and t(ose of re%igious organi>ations

are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. The ?ew Testament Protestantism

The $atholic $hurch The =ible

-slam

BG 4a!ita% %etters are used ,it( nouns t(at (a/e numbers or %etters to identif' t(em. 7ct -C ,oom 20 $hapter # Section $ $lass 7 rG T(e da's of t(e ,ee+ and mont(s of t(e 'ear are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. Sunday Thursday 0anuary /arch !ednesday sG A%,a's use ca!ita% %etters ,(en ,riting t(e names of !eo!%e& %anguages& races and tribes. ,oman /exican 7pache 0ew $anadian 7frican )n"lish Spanish tG T(e names of t(e !%anets and conste%%ations are ,ritten ,it( ca!ita% %etters. Saturn The /ilky !ay The )arth Cenus /ars

4APITALILATION P%ace ca!ita% %etters o/er sma%% %etters ,(ere needed. 1. . #. $. ). -. 0. 1. 3. 16. mi'u+i sato ,as born in Ka!an. ,e got (ome at $A#6 a.m. from t(e !art'. 'our order ,i%% be sent cod as soon as ,e recei/e t(e fina% %ist. !resident c%inton finis(ed (is !residentia% term in Kanuar'& 660. mar' (as to stud' business eng%is(. s(e (as a test on ,ednesda' at 16 a.m. m' fa/orite subKect is ,or%d (istor'. ne"t t(ursda' in %abor da'. ,e (a/e no eng%is( c%ass. ,e ,ent to see t(e mo/ie c(ic+en %itt%e at %a caste%%ana t(eater. c%ara and robert are getting married on Kune 1#. ,e sent t(e order to to,er records in bogota.

PUNCTUATION T5E PERIO.. T(e !eriod is used to mar+ t(e end of a sentence t(at ma+es a statement or e"!resses a command. Lea/e t,o s!aces after a !eriod if it is fo%%o,ed b' anot(er sentence. !e are sendin" the letter to /r. =rown. Please telephone /s. !hite.

9 Use a !eriod at t(e end of a condensed e"!ression t(at re!resents a com!%ete statement or command. 9es. ?o. 4f course. -ndeed. =y all means. Use a !eriod to mar+ t(e end of an indirect Buestion. !hy 7licia Duit her Eob has never been explained. 7it( decima%s M,it(out s!ace before or afterG to se!arate a ,(o%e number from a decima% fraction. :56#.6# .5# percent T5E 2UESTION <AR;. Use a Buestion mar+ at t(e end of a direct Buestion. Lea/e t,o s!aces after t(e Buestion mar+. !ill you be able to fly to ?ew 9ork tomorrow< !hy are you movin" to $hica"o< Use a Buestion mar+ at t(e end of a condensed Buestion. (elen tells me that you are "oin" to $ali. !hen< T5E E@4LA<ATION POINT. e"c%amation !oint. ?oF - don1t believe itF ?ote3 Use t(e e"c%amation !oint to e"!ress strong fee%ing. (ow could you do itF -ncredibleF Lea/e t,o s!aces after t(e

T(e e"c%amation !oint ma' be enc%osed in !arent(eses and !%aced direct%' after a ,ord 'ou ,ant to em!(asi>e. !e won exclusive GFH distribution ri"hts in our city.

A sing%e ,ord ma' be fo%%o,ed b' and e"c%amation !oint to e"!ress intense fee%ing. $on"ratulationsF 9ou "ot an excellent "rade on your test.

7it( Oh and O. T(e e"c%amation oh ma' be fo%%o,ed b' eit(er an e"c%amation !oint or a comma& de!ending on t(e em!(asis desired. It is ca!ita%i>ed on%' ,(en it starts a sentence. T(e ca!ita%i>ed O& t(e sign or direct address& is not usua%%' fo%%o,ed b' an' !unctuation. 4hF - didn1t expect thatF 4h% what1s the use< 4 @ord% help me. 4 7merica% where are you headed<

T5E 4O<<A. PARENT5ETI4AL. Use commas to set off nonessentia% e"!ressionsN,ords& !(rases& and c%auses t(at are not necessar' for t(e meaning or t(e structura% com!%eteness of t(e sentence. If t(e e"!ression occurs at t(e end of t(e sentence& on%' one comma is needed. This will be% of course% a lon" proEect. Please let us know% /r. @ee% when you are arrivin".

4O<<A J APPOSITION. A ,ord& !(rase& or c%ause t(at identifies or e"!%ains ot(er terms s(ou%d be set off b' commas. If t(e a!!osition occurs at t(e end of a sentence& on%' one comma is necessar'. /y boss% /r. Frank Smith% is on a business trip. - will see him on Friday% 0une 1#% at three o1clock. @ourdes1 book% =usiness $ommunication% is an excellent book. 4O<<A J SERIES. 7(en t(e %ast member of a series of t(ree or more items is !receded b' and or or& !%ace a comma before t(e conKunction as ,e%% as bet,een t(e ot(er items. - need a secretary to answer the phone% to type letters% and to "reet callers. For his birthday he received a tie% a shirt% and a wallet. 4O<<A J INTRO.U4TORC 4LAUSE . An introductor' c%ause fo%%o,ed b' a main c%ause is se!arated from t(e main c%ause b' a comma. An introductor' c%ause is often introduced b' ,ords suc( as if% as% when% thou"h% althou"h% because% and ot(ers. -f you complete your work before five o1clock% you may leave.

10 7s you know% you have not paid your telephone bill. !hen - was in 2allas% - visited 2r. $lose. The next time you are in this area% please stop in to see us. 4O<<A J 4ONFUN4TION. A comma is used to se!arate t,o inde!endent c%auses t(at are Koined b' one of t(ese conKunctionsA and% but% or% for% nor. An inde!endent c%ause is one t(at (as a subKect and a !redicate and t(at cou%d stand a%one as a com!%ete sentence. are 2# students in my class% but only 1# passed the test. T(e first inde!endent c%ause isA There are 2# students in my class. And t(e second inde!endent c%ause isA 4nly 1# passed the test. 4O<<A J AN. O<ITTE.. 7(en t,o or more adKecti/es modif' t(e same noun& t(e' are se!arated b' commas. are enclosin" a stamped% addressed envelope. This has been a lon"% interestin" Eob. !e There

T5E SE<I4OLON. 7(en a conKunction is not used to Koin to inde!endent c%auses& use a semico%onNnot a commaNto se!arate t(e c%auses. Lea/e one b%an+ s!ace after t(e semico%on. There are 2# students in my classI only 1# passed the test. In a seriesA Use a semico%on to se!arate items in a series if an' of t(e items a%read' contain commas. 4ur salesman will visit your stores in Santa /arta% /a"dalenaI =arranDuilla% 7tlJnticoI and /aicao% .uaEira. T5E 4OLON. Use a co%on bet,een t,o inde!endent c%auses ,(en t(e second c%ause e"!%ains or i%%ustrates t(e first c%ause and t(ere is no coordinating conKunction %in+ing t(e t,o c%auses. Lea/e t,o s!aces after t(e co%on. - like to "o to Santa /arta in 2ecember3 it reminds me of my childhood. =efore %ists and enumeration. P%ace a co%on before suc( e"!ressions as Afor exampleB% AnamelyB% and Athat isB ,(en t(e' introduce ,ords& !(rases or a series of c%auses antici!ated ear%ier in t(e sentence. P%ace a co%on if items in a series are %isted on a se!arate %ineA The set of china includes3 ; 12 dinner plates ; 12 salad plates ; 12 cups and saucers. 7(en (ours and minutes are e"!ressed in figures& se!arate t(em ,it( co%on. No s!ace !recedes or fo%%o,s t(is co%on. +32# a.m. 63&0 p.m. *31# p.m. A co%on is used to re!resent t(e ,ord AtoB in !ro!ortionsA 231 In business %etters& use a co%on after t(e sa%utation. In socia% %etters& use a comma. .entlemen3 2ear /r. Stone3 2ear 7unt (elen%

T5E .AS5. Use das(es in !%ace of commas to set off a nonessentia% e%ement t(at reBuires s!ecia% em!(asis. .o not %ea/e a s!ace before or after t(e das(. 7t this year1s banDuet% the speakersKand the foodKwere superb. To gi/e s!ecia% em!(asis to t(e second inde!endent c%ause in a com!ound sentence& use a das( rat(er t(an a comma before t(e coordinating conKunction. The information - sent you is trueKand you know itF Use das(es instead of !arent(eses ,(en 'ou ,ant to gi/e t(e nonessentia% e%ement strong em!(asis. $all Susan 2icksonKshe1s with TelecomKand "et her opinion.

11 Use a das( to s(o, an abru!t brea+ in t(oug( or to se!arate an aftert(oug(t from t(e main !art of a sentence. .o not %ea/e s!ace before or after t(e das(. - wish you wouldK4h% for"et it. Cictoria1s plane will be landin" in =arranDuillaKor did she say Santa /arta< 2on1t believe himKeverF NOTA 2on1t believe him L everF PARENT5ESES. Parent(eses and das(es ser/e man' of t(e same functions& but t(e' differ in one significant res!ectA !arent(eses can set off on%' nonessentia% e%ements& ,(ere as das(es can set off essentia% and nonessentia% e%ements. RememberA In setting off e%ements& das(es em!(asi>eO !arent(eses deJem!(asi>e. -n three of our factories G7tlJntico% =olMvar% /a"dalenaH sales have "one up. Sales have "one down in our $ali GCalleH office. 7it( referencesA This point is discussed in $hapter 5 Gsee pa"es * to 102H. 7it( datesA The ASin 4nB =ible G1516H "ot its name from an extraordinary typo"raphical error3 instead of counselin" the readers to Asin no moreB% it ur"ed them to Asin on more.B 7it( enumerated items ,it(in a sentenceA !e need the followin" information to complete our record of /s. @ee1s experience G1H the number of years she worked for your company% G2H a description of her duties% and G * the number of promotions she received. NoteA Letters are used to enumerate items ,it(in a sentence ,(en t(e sentence itse%f is !art of a numbered seBuence. . Please include these items on your expense account GaH the cost of your hotel roomI GbH the cost of meals% includin" tipsI and GcH the amount you spent on transportation. If t(e item in !arent(eses is to be incor!orated at t(e end of a sentence& !%ace t(e !unctuation needed to end t(e sentence outside t(e c%osing !arent(eses. Please hand in your typin" work by /onday G7u"ust 10H. (ow can - reach 0ohn =lacksmith Ghe teaches at the $olomboH< .o not use a !eriod before t(e c%osing !arent(esis e"ce!t ,it( an abbre/iation. 4ur office is open late on Thursdays Guntil * p.m.H. T5E UN.ERS4ORE. Underscoring in t'!e,ritten materia% is t(e counter!art of italic t'!e in !rinted materia%. T(e ,ord Bua' is !ronounced e"act%' t(e same as +e'. T(e ,ord Duay is !ronounced e"act%' t(e same as key. Underscore tit%es of boo+s& !am!(%ets& %ong !oems& maga>ines& ne,s!a!ers and foreign ,ords.. Cou ,i%% !articu%ar%' enKo' a no/e% entit%ed Rage of Ange%s. I read (er co%umn in E% Es!ectador. 7e ordered some hors d1houvers. T5E APOSTROP5E. T(e a!ostro!(e is usedA As a sing%e Buotation mar+A A2on1t you remember when he said N- will not "o.1 yesterday<B To indicate t(e omission of figures in dates. The class of 1*5 The winter of 1+5 As a s'mbo% for feet. 7 room 1# x 01. To form contractions. don1t couldn1t shouldn1t To form !%ura%s of figures& %etters& etc. three 71s dot your i1s in the 1*201s To form !ossessi/es. Faulkner1s novels the patient1s medicine $harles1 car ELLIPSIS <AR;S. E%%i!sis mar+s Mt(ree s!aced !eriods& ,it( one t'!e,riter s!ace before and

12 after eac( !eriodG are often used& es!ecia%%' in ad/ertising& to dis!%a' indi/idua% items or to connect a series of %oose%' re%ated !(rases. Sandals ,esorts ; 7ll;-nclusive @uxury in the $aribbean ; 4? S7@) 7re you lackin" a little O,P,O ... ,omance P ,elaxation< 2o you crave a little white sand under your toes ... floatin" on turDuoise water with a cool drink in your hand ... pamperin" without a worry< $heck out these specials at Sandals ,esorts ... the ultimate >ltra 7ll;-nclusive $aribbean romantic resorts for couples only ... @ove is all you need at Sandals. =etter hurry ... limited time offerF !here can you "et these servicesK . . . Free ticket delivery . . . Fli"ht insurance . . . 4n;time departures E%%i!sis mar+s are a%so use to indicate t(at a sentence trai%s of before t(e end. T(e t(ree s!aced !eriod create an effect of uncertaint' or abru!t sus!ension of t(oug(t. - bou"ht you a . . . 9ou should have told him . . . 4h% what1s the use. T5E ASTERIS;. T(e asteris+ ma' be used to refer t(e reader to a footnote !%aced at t(e bottom of a !age or tab%e. /r. Sheldon sent /r. Pa"e a copy of his latest novelQ with a note. Asteris+s are used to re!%ace ,ords t(at are considered un!rintab%e. /ary was so furious that she called .re"" a QQQQQ. P Rage of Ange%s 2UOTATION <AR;S. 2uotation mar+s (a/e t(ree main functionsA to indicate t(e use of someone e%se*s e"act ,ordsA A-f you want to lose wei"ht% don1t eat sweets%B said .loria. To set off ,ords and !(rases for s!ecia% em!(asis. The carton was marked AFra"ile.B She received a messa"e si"ned A7 Friend.B To dis!%a' tit%es of %iterar' and artistic ,or+s. The title of my report is A(ow to -mprove your Cocabulary.B In Eng%is(& !eriods and commas a%,a's go inside t(e c%osing Buotation mar+. . T5E .IAGONAL. T(e diagona% occurs M,it(out s!ace before or afterG in certain abbre/iations and e"!ressions of time. kmRh S kilometers per hour cRo S care of $R"ena. =RDuilla.

=RA4;ETS. 7(en a !arent(esis fa%%s ,it(in anot(er !arent(esis. M5o,e/er& in an artic%e !ub%is(ed in t(e Times Q<a' 1 & 1331R& (e ,as Buoted as sa'ing t(at !rices ,ou%d be going u! in t(e summer.G

PUN4TUATION Punctuate t(e fo%%o,ing sentences. 1. . T(e dai%' ne,s!a!er contains four sections ne,s s!orts entertainment and c%assified ads 5e as+ed ,i%% 'ou be t(ere

13 #. $. ). -. 0. 1. 3. Ces I ans,ered I*%% %oo+ for 'ou in t(e front des+ Fau%+ner s %ast no/e% ,as t(e rei/ers 7earing Keans is a%most de rigueur for co%%ege students .id 'ou send t(e order b' regu%ar mai% or b' emai% T(e fo%%o,ing are t(e !rimar' co%ors red b%ue and 'e%%o, P(i% said (e ,ou%d arri/e in t(e 3 1) f%ig(t but (e arri/ed at 16 6 !m T(ere is on%' one t(ing to do if 'ou ,ant to !ass t(e test stud'

16. .ear <r Smit( P%ease send us more information about 'our ne, !rinters 7rite ten sentences in Eng%is(. Remember to !unctuate and ca!ita%i>e t(em.

1. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

#. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ). ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 0. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

A==RE?IATIONS OF T5E STATES& TERRITORIES AN. POSSESSIONS OF T5E UNITE. STATES AL A; AL A%abama A%as+a Ari>ona ;S ;C LA ;ansas ;entuc+' Louisiana O; OR PA O+%a(oma Oregon Penns'%/ania

14 AR 4A 4L 4O 4T .E .4 FL GA GU 5I I. IL IN IA Ar+ansas 4a%ifornia 4ana% Lone 4o%orado 4onnecticut .e%a,are .istrict of 4o%umbia F%orida Georgia Guam 5a,ai Ida(o I%%inois Indiana Io,a <E <. <I <N <S <O <T NE N? N5 NF N< NC N4 N. O5 <aine <ar'%and <ic(igan <innesota <ississi!!i <issouri <ontana Nebras+a Ne/ada Ne, 5am!s(ire Ne, Ferse' Ne, <e"ico Ne, Cor+ Nort( 4aro%ina Nort( .a+ota O(io PR RI S4 S. TN T@ UT ?T ?I ?A 7A 7? 7I 7C Puerto Rico R(ode Is%and Sout( 4aro%ina Sout( .a+ota Tennessee Te"as Uta( ?ermont ?irgin Is%ands ?irginia 7as(ington 7est ?irginia 7isconsin 7'oming

4ANA.A Pro/idence A%berta =ritis( 4o%umbia Labrador <anitoba Ne, =runs,ic+ Ne, Found%and Nort(,est Territories Abbre/iation A= =4 L= <= N= NF NT Pro/idence No/a Scotia Ontario Prince Ed,ard Is%and 2uebec Sas+atc(e,an Cu+on Abbre/iation NS O= PE P2 S; CT

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

15

TI<E LONES

16

TI<E LONES OF T5E 7ORL.

5a,aii Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 -A16 am 5ST

A%as+a Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 0A16 am A;ST

Pacific Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 1A16 am PST

<ountain Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 3A16 am <ST

4entra% Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 16A16 am 4ST

Eastern Time
Tuesda' 1D#D 660 11A16 am EST

TI<E LONES OF T5E UNITE. STATES

17

T5E UNITE. STATES OF A<ERI4A Fi%% in t(e fo%%o,ing c(artA

STATE
A==R.

4APITAL

STATE

A==R.

4APITAL

What is the 0a4ital of the Unite( States> What (oes US/ stan( for >

In whi0h 0ontinent is the Unite( States lo0ate( > Who was the first 4resi(ent of the Unite( States > Who is the 4resi(ent of the US to(ay > Whi0h 0ountry is north of the US > Whi0h 0ountry is south of the US > The national anthem of the US is The o0ean bor(ers the US to the west. The o0ean bor(ers the US to the east. The Great @a*es are < 8ontinental US has four time Fones- whi0h are <

18 T7O LETTER STATE A==RE?IATION S SALUTATION 1. <RS ALI4E S. ALTON #) 3 RI45AR.S ROA. NORFOL; ?A #)1 =A<=ERGER AN. .O..S IN4 16- 45E4;ER 4IR4LE 4I4ERO IL - 1 <S. SULANNE .AILEC 660 =LA;E ALLEC PAINS?ILLE O5 $$600 .R .A?I. . .O..S )) .EA.<AN .RI?E .E7EC S. )00#$ FIN45 E GALE =ROS IN4 )1$ FA4;SON STREET FORT PIER4E FL ##$)6 1$. <R AN. <RS GLENN FONES )1# =RIAR7OO. INN PUE=LO 4O 1166$ <R PETER < PATTON 1$ 1 =ARTLETT A?ENUE LIN4OLN NE -1)6 PROF PAUL 4 PEPPER # OA; STREET 45ATTANOOGA TN 0#$6 <ISS ELLEN PLI<PTON #1 ) ;INGS<AN FREE7AC <I..LE=URC ?T 6)0)# <RS T5EO.ORE 2UILL 1) $ 4LEAR?IE7 S2UARE N =ATON ROUGE LA 06161 <LLE ANNE RE.7INE 16) 7IL<INGTON =OULE?AR. 7IL<INGTON .E 13166 <ESSRS FONES& GREEN AN. CI 1 #6 LI=ERTC ROA. PONTIA4 <I $16)# T5E RE?EREN. LEE 7OO.S 1#63 UPPER 4LAR; 5EIG5TS IN.EPEN.EN4E <O -$6)6 7EN.EL F. CATES ES2 US 4ONSUL FOR 4OLO<=IA 4ARRERA ) NO 1J00 =ARRAN2UILLA 4OLO<=IA .R .ONAL. T LELLER 3# NORT5 4ROC.ON R. TERRE 5AUTE IN $0161 .R NORRIS N NOONAN $6# <A@7ELL PLA4E 5ARTFOR. 4T 6-16T5E 5ON <AR; =RU4;ER SE4RETARC OF LA=OR PO =O@ ##$ 7AS5INGTON .4 660$ RA==I 5ENSON GUTE<=ERG PO =O@ 166# NE7 COR; NC 1666

1).

#.

1-.

$.

10.

).

11.

-. <RS PETER R. ISAA4S ) 6 PLALA TERRA4E AUSTIN T@ 0106 0. <R <AR; 4. FA<ES -00 ISLAN. .RI?E SLO4U< RI 6 100 1. 3. <RS ;ATE ? ;ENNEC 1610 5EAT5 ?ISTA GARNER IA )6$#1 A=J660--D$))66J1 <R NOR<AN PERRC 1610 NE7<AN 4OURT 4O?INGTON ;C $1661 <R. LA7REN4E L. LENNO@ 111 LITTLE =L?. NE7TON ;S -011$

13.

6.

1. .

16.

#.

11. <S LEE G 7OO.S 313 NORINGTON A?ENUE <AN45ESTER N5 6#16# 1 . FO5NSON S<IT5 AN. =ATES 11) EAST ?ISTA .R <AN;ATO <N )-661 1#. T5E 4O<PUTER 4LU= ATTN PAUL =RO7N 166 =ELLA?ISTA .R GER<ANTO7N 7I )#6

$.

).

-.

19

THE ENVELOPE

T(e en/e%o!e must inc%udeA T(e addresseeTs com!%ete name and address& Kust as t(e' a!!ear in t(e inside address. If t(e %etter is going abroad& ,rite t(e name of t(e countr' on t(e %ast %ine of t(e address. T(e return address is ,ritten on t(e to!& %eftJ(and corner if t(e name of com!an' is not !rinted t(ere. An' s!ecia% mai%ing instructions MRegistered& S!ecia% .e%i/er'& etc.G s(ou%d be t'!ed bot( in Eng%is( and in S!anis( t,o s!aces abo/e t(e addresseeTs address and be%o, t(e stam!s. In t(e %o,er %eftJ(and corner& an' furt(er instructions& suc( as UPersona%U& UP%ease For,ardU& Attention...U& etc. If t(e %etter is addressed to a (ote%& it is (e%!fu% to indicate arri/a% date (ereA U5o%d for Arri/a%...U& fo%%o,ed b' t(e date.

8entro 8olombo /meri0ano 8entro- 8alle (e la :a0torJa No. .6;&$ 8artagena- 8olombia Special Delivery Entrega Inmediata Mr. Robert E. @e7ine 1,& NE "$th /7enue New Eor*- NE 1,,&& 5ersonal

Write your a((ress<

20

5O7 TO A..RESS PERSONS 5OL.ING 5ONORARC OR OFFI4IAL POSITIONS

M4Vmo dirigirse a !ersonas con !uestos (onorab%es u oficia%esG

Puede (aber ocasiones cuando se desea escribir cartas a !ersonas im!ortantes M?IPsG& ' 'a Bue aBue%%as !ersonas Bue ocu!an a%tos !uestos tienen un tratamiento es!ecia%& es im!ortante saber cVmo dirigirse a e%%os. A continuaciVn !resentamos un cuadro con %os distintos rangos ' cVmo dirigirse a este ti!o de !ersonasA
Personage Inside E Outside Address 4abinet Officer T(e 5onorab%e M<inistroG <ar+ S%ater Secretar' of Labor Senator T(e 5onorab%e MSenadorG George Andre,s U.S. Senate Re!resentati/e T(e 5onorab%e MRe!resentante Rando%!( ;%ein a %a 4WmaraG Go/ernor T(e 5onorab%e MGobernadorG <ar' Green Go/ernor of MStateG Fudge T(e 5onorab%e MFue>G Fo(n 5arding Ambassador MEmbaKadorG 4onsu% T(e 5onorab%e G%ad's 7ard U.S. Ambassador for 4o%ombia Robert Fones& EsB. U.S. 4onsu% for 4o%ombia T(e Re/erend A%berto 7e%b' Rabbi Fose!( 7essman T(e Re/erend Lucas <ant%e Forma% Forma% Sa%utation 4%osing SirA Res!ectfu%%' 'ours& <adam SirA <adamA SirA <adamA SirA <adamA SirA <adamA SirA <adamA SirA <adamA Re/erend SirA SirA Sir ?er' res!ectfu%%'& Cours res!ectfu%%'& ?er' res!ectfu%%'& Cours res!ectfu%%'& <ost res!ectfu%%'& Informa% Sa%utation <' dear <r. Secretar'A <' dear Senator Andre,sA <' dear Re!resentati/ e ;%einA <' dear Go/ernor GreenA <' dear Fudge 5ardingA <' dear <s. AmbassadorA <' dear <r. FonesA Re/erend and dear Fat(er 7e%b'A <' dear Rabbi 7essmanA Re/erend and dear Pastor <ant%eA Informa% 4%osing Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours& Sincere%' 'ours&

Res!ectfu%%'&

Priest MSacerdoteG Rabbi MRabinoG Pastor

<ost res!ectfu%%'& Res!ectfu%%'& Res!ectfu%%'&

21 A..RESSING PEOPLE T(e degree of !rofessiona% !ersons are not used in Eng%is( tit%es& on%' t(ose of doctors or !rofessors. E/er'one is <r.& <rs.& <iss& or <s. e/en t(oug( t(e' are arc(itects& engineers& etc. 4orrect Incorrect

<r. Fo(n Roberts Arc(itect Fo(n Roberts <r. Fran+ =is(o! Engineer Fran+ =is(o! .r. Fran+ 7i%son Prof. Fo(n Green <essrs ma' be used ,(en 'ou address a com!an' or a grou! of !eo!%eA <essrs. Andre,s& Sim!son& and Sanders& Attorne's .octores Andre,s& Sim!son ' Sanders& Abogados EsBuire is used ,(en 'ou address a !erson (o%ding a (ig( !osition& man or ,omanA <'%es Frec(ette& EsB. U.S. Ambassador for 4o%ombia 4arrera )$ No. #J1# SantafX de =ogotW <ar' Fones& EsB. U.S. 4onsu% for 4o%ombia 4a%%e 1 No. 1 J## =arranBui%%a

<iss is used for sing%e ,omen. <rs.& for married ,omen. <s. does not s!ecif' if t(e ,oman is married or sing%e& and it is t(e most !o!u%ar form used. <iss <art(a Guest <rs. .ebora( 7rig(t <s. 5i%%ar' S!e%%ing

Ne/er use <r.& <rs.& <iss& or <s. ,it(out t(e %ast nameA 4orrect .ear <rs. Smit(A .ear <s. =ro,nA .ear <iss Priest%e'A Incorrect .ear <rsA .ear <s. SusanA .ear <issA

If Sara( Fones marries Robert Andre,s& (er married name ma' be ,rittenA <rs. Sara( Andre,s <s. Sara( Andre,s <rs. Robert Andre,s M(er (usband*s nameG

22

Forelot Products, Inc.

766 Park View East Roswell, NM 88202

2 3 4

October 10& 660 RefA 4ustomer List <r. Foe% 7. 4ase& Fr. )-66 4onnecticut A/enue 7as(ington& .4 660.ear <r. 4aseA I ,as (a!!' to meet ,it( 'ou %ast ,ee+& and I ,is( to t(an+ 'ou for meeting me at t(e air!ort and s(o,ing me around t(e cit'. As 'ou ma' ,e%% remember& t(is ,as m' first tri! to 7as(ington& ..4. and I ,i%% ne/er forget it.

It ,as a !%easure for me to ca%% on 'our customers and s(o, t(em our finest %ine of stationer' artic%es. Cour customers a!!reciated m' /isit and it ,as a /er' !rofitab%e one. =efore %ea/ing& I !romised to send 'ou t(e names and addresses of our !rinci!a% customers in 'our territor'. I am enc%osing t(is %ist. I am sure it ,i%% be /er' usefu% for 'our business. Our annua% sa%es meeting ta+e !%ace in A+ron& O(io& in Fune. I (o!e to be ab%e to s!end a fe, da's ,it( 'ou before t(en so t(at ,e can organi>e t(e sc(edu%e.

4ordia%%' 'ours&

A%fred T. 4%ose .istrict <anager Susan P. Enc%osure 44 Peter <artin

9 10 11

THE BUSINESS LETTER

23

GLENDALES BUSINESS SCHOOL

675 East Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85011

Se!tember 1& 660

<r. Sa%omon Santiago $#- .odge Street Oma(a& NE -11#1 .ear <r. SantiagoA I recei/ed 'our %etter of A!ri% is. as+ing me to send 'ou a %etter in b%oc+ed form. 7e%%& sir& (ere it

A%% %ines begin at t(e %eft margin e"ce!t for t(ree !arts of t(e %etterA t(e date %ine& t(e c%osing !(rase& and t(e name or tit%e of t(e ,riter. <ost t'!ists set a tab sto! at t(e center to sa/e time ,(en t(e' t'!e t(ese t(ree !arts. If 'ou are sti%% not sure on (o, to use t(e tabu%ator& no, is t(e time to re/ie, itY It is a rea% time sa/er. If t(ere is an't(ing e%se t(at 'ou ,ou%d %i+e me to e"!%ain& !%ease %et me +no,. Sincere%' 'ours.

<ar+ G. 5ogan Academic .irector

Patricia T.

=LO4;E. LETTER

24

GALVESTON TRAVELS, INC.

99 BOULDER AVENUE DENVER, CO 80205

August 1#& 660

<s. <ar' F. Smit( -1 Sout( Fern,a' Road <em!(is& TN #1110 .ear <s. Smit(A T(an+ 'ou for 'our %etter of t(e tent(& as+ing us about t(e different st'%es of %etters. T(is is t(e t(ird t'!e of %etterNt(e semiJb%oc+ed %etter. T(is %etter is a%most t(e same as t(e b%oc+ed %etter st'%e& ,it( t(e difference t(at t(e !aragra!(s are indented fi/e to ten s!aces. T(e date %ine& com!%imentar' c%osing and name of t(e !erson sending t(e %etter are t'!ed on t(e rig(t (and side. E/en t(oug( it is t(e most a!!ea%ing mode%& it is not /er' !o!u%ar toda'. Ne/ert(e%ess& it is m' fa/orite and I use it a%% t(e time. 7e (o!e to (ear from 'ou soon. ?er' tru%' 'ours& <e% <adison Agent
Linda =.

SE<IJ=LO4;E. LETTER

25

Strurias & Co.

186 West Main Street Miami, FL 33164

October 1)& 660

<r. Fames E. 7oodro, #66 Nort( Pond .ri/e .en/er& 4O 16 6 .ear 4ustomerA SALE! SALE! SALE! SALE! SALE! StruriaZs and 4o. is !%anning its big Tent( Annua% Sa%e ,(ic( ,i%% start on October ). T(is 'ear our !rices ,i%% go do,n ) J )6[. 4ome in and see for 'ourse%fY .on*t miss t(is o!!ortunit'Y =ig sa/ings in a%% maKor a!!%iances& 7esting(ouse& Genera% E%ectric& LG& 7(ir%!oo%& ;itc(en Aid& and man' moreY =ring 'our ,(o%e fami%' to our big annua% sa%e. 7e are sure e/er' member of 'our fami%' ,i%% find somet(ing t(at (e or s(e needs. 7e (o!e to see 'ou in our store during our Tent( Annua% Sa%e on October ). 4ordia%%' 'ours&

Ed,ard 4. <a'ors <anager

5ANGING STCLE S USUALLC USE. IN A.?ERTISE<ENT

26

Boston City Hall

109 Barnes Road Dallas, T 7710!

October #& 660

.ear <s. NortonA T(is %etter i%%ustrates t(e ,a' 'ou s(ou%d t'!e forma% %etters. T(ese %etters are sent toA 1. Im!ortant !ub%ic officia%s and dignitaries to ,(om dee! res!ect s(ou%d be s(o,n. . Letters to business acBuaintances and co%%eagues t(at are to be !ersona%i>ed and made non commercia%& suc( as best ,is(es& congratu%ations& regrets& etc. T(e inside address s(ou%d be t'!ed at t(e bottom of t(e %etter. If t(e addressee +no,s t(e ,riter ,e%% enoug( to recogni>e (is or (er signature& t(e t'!ed identification is not necessar'& but s!ace s(ou%d be a%%o,ed as t(oug( it ,ere t(ere.

Res!ectfu%%' 'ours&

<s. Linda 4. Norton -1) S.7. #6t( Street <iami& F% ##1))

FOR<AL LETTER

27

THE BUSINESS LETTER

La 4arta 4omercia%

1. THE LETTERHEAD
E% <embrete E% membrete forma !arte de %a carta comercia%. En X% se encuentra im!reso e% nombre de %a com!a\]a ' todos o a%gunos de %os siguientes datosA a. b. c. d. e. Nombre de %a com!a\]a o !ersona. .escri!ciVn de% negocioA re!resentantes& editores& industria%es& etc. 4a%%e ' n^meroO a!artado aXreo. N^mero de te%Xfono& Fa"& EJ<ai%. 4iudad& de!artamento o estadoO >ona !osta%& !a]s.

En %as cartas !ersona%es& %a direcciVn de %a !ersona Bue escribe %a carta se co%oca arriba de %a %]nea destinada a %a fec(a. 11 Nort( A/enue <iami& FL ##1)) A!ri% #& 660 2. THE DATE La Fec(a La fec(a se escribe a catorce es!acios de% borde su!erior de% !a!e%& o a dos es!acios de% membrete. Su !osiciVn de!ende de% esti%o de %a carta. En ing%Xs& no se escribe e% nombre de %a ciudad a% %ado de %a fec(a. La forma correcta de escribir %a fec(a en ing%es consiste en escribir !rimero e% mes& seguido !or e% d]a escrito en cifras& des!uXs una coma& ' %uego e% a\o. February 2 % 200+ En %as de!endencias de% gobierno norteamericano& se escribe %a fec(a co%ocando !rimero e% d]a en cifras& %uego e% mes ' fina%mente e% a\o& sin ninguna !untuaciVnA 2 February 200+ En esta !arte de %a carta nunca se abre/ia e% nombre de% mes. En ing%Xs Xste siem!re se escribe en ma'^scu%a. Tam!oco se uti%i>a e% !unto !ara se!arar e% mi% de %os cientos. La forma tradiciona% de escribir %a fec(a en es!a\o% esA $arta"ena% 2 de febrero de 200+ Primero se escribe e% nombre de %a ciudad seguido !or una coma ' e% d]a en cifras& seguido !or HdeI ' e% mes& otra /e> seguido !or HdeI ' e% a\o. Otra manera de escribir %a fec(a en es!a\o% esA $arta"ena% febrero 22 de 200+

28

3. THE REFERENCE LINE La L]nea de Referencia La %]nea de referencia inc%u'e datos ta%es como e% n^mero de% arc(i/o& !V%i>a& !edido& factura o asunto de %a carta. Por %o regu%ar se inc%u'e si %a !ersona Bue en/]a %a carta %a considera necesaria !ara faci%itar e% arc(i/o de %a corres!ondencia ' !or so%icitud de% destinatario MHa% contestar& cite este n^mero . . ..G
La %]nea de referencia se co%oca entre una ' cuatro %]neas debaKo de %a fec(a. Si estW en/iando un Fa" o EJ<ai%& Xsta se co%oca as]A .ATE TO FRO< REF <arc( 1$& 661 <a" 5obb& Assistant <anager Fo(n 7ens%o, Order No. =J3110

Si se inc%u'e una %]nea de referencia en una carta& debe co%ocar%a en todas %as !Wginas& si Xsta es de mas de una !Wgina. 5a' dos maneras de encabe>ar %as siguientes !Wginas de %a cartaA

<r. Peter Fones

.ecember 16& 660 REA 01-00

Se\or Pedro <onto'a PWgina # 16 de enero de 661 REA A4J10--

4. THE INSIDE ADDRESS La .irecciVn Interior La direcciVn Bue figura en %a carta debe ser %a misma Bue en e% sobre. Se escribe de cuatro a die> %]neas debaKo de %a fec(a& de!endiendo de% %argo de %a carta. E% t]tu%o o rango oficia% de% destinatario !uede escribirse de /arias formasA 1. En %a misma %]nea& se!arado de% nombre !or una comaA <r. Fo(n 4. Fones& President . Se !uede co%ocar en %]nea a!arte& debaKo de% nombre de% destinatarioA <r. ;eit( 4. 7oo%,ort( 4(airman of t(e =oard

29 #. TambiXn se !uede co%ocar en %a segunda %]nea& se!arado de% nombre de %a InstituciVn !or una comaA <r. Robert Fones& Fr. President& Financia% =an+ E% nombre de% destinatario debe escribirse e"actamente como %o indica su firmaO e% de %a com!a\]a& ta% como a!arece en e% membrete de %a carta inc%u'endo %a !a%abra HT(eI& cua%Buier !a%abra abre/iada M4o.& Inc.G& o e% s]mbo%o HEI. Las ca%%es Bue %%e/an n^meros como nombres MFourt( Street& Fift( A/enueG& en ing%Xs %os n^meros senci%%os se escriben como ordina%es. .e% uno a% die> se escriben con %etras. .e% once en ade%ante se escriben con cifrasA #rd& ) nd& 01st& #1t(& etc. Para estos ^%timos& %os cardina%es tambiXn son ace!tab%esA 0) N. 16- A/enue En ing%Xs e% n^mero de %a casa !recede a% nombre de %a ca%%eA - Penn Road $$6 Par+ A/enue Sout( One 7est #6t( Street

La abre/iatura No. ' e% s]mbo%o _ son innecesarios ' no se uti%i>an en %as direcciones en ing%Xs. .es!uXs de %a direcciVn& en %]nea a!arte& se co%oca e% nombre de %a ciudad& e% estado ' e% >i! code. E% correo norteamericano (a estab%ecido unas abre/iaturas es!ecia%es !ara %os nombres de %os estados ' %os territorios. Estas constan de dos %etras ma'^scu%as ' no %%e/an !unto a% fina%. La Oficina Posta% de %os Estados Unidos !refiere Bue uti%icemos esta formaA <iami& FL ##1)) East Lansing& <I $11 $J16#)

E% HLi! 4odeI MLoning Im!ro/ement P%anG. 4on e% !ro!Vsito de (acer mas efica> %a distribuciVn de %a corres!ondencia& %a administraciVn de 4orreos de %os EEUU (a estab%ecido e% uso de una c%a/e !osta% Bue consta de cinco d]gitos. Los !rimeros tres d]gitos se\a%an e% estado ' %a ciudad. Los dos siguientes& %a >ona de %a ciudad en %a Bue se encuentra %a ca%%e. Esta c%a/e se escribe en %a misma %]nea Bue e% nombre de %a ciudad& e% estado o territorio ' /a se!arado de% estado !or tres es!acios. A%gunas direcciones comercia%es !ueden tener otros cuatro n^meros Bue %e siguen a% >i! code de cinco d]gitos. Estos se se!aran de %os cinco d]gitos !or un guiVn Msin es!acio antes ni des!uXsG ' deben ser inc%uidos en toda corres!ondenciaA Uni/ersit' of ;ansas $$6 Par+ A/enue Sout( La,rence& ;S --6$)J 1$6

30 El 4rimer nKmero (el LI5 8o(e (i7i(e al 4aJs en (ieF gru4os (e esta(os- (es(e el , en el noro00i(ente hasta el 1 en el leIano oriente.

=entro (e estas Fonas o gru4os (e esta(os- hay otras (ieF Fonas geogrMfi0as i(entifi0a(as 4or el Segun(o y ter0er (Jgito (el LI5 0o(e. El 0uarto y Nuinto (igito i(entifi0a la Fona lo0al (e en7Jo.

5. THE SALUTATION E% Sa%udo E% sa%udo se co%oca dos o tres reng%ones debaKo de %a direcciVn interior& sobre e% margen i>Buierdo. En %os Estados Unidos se usan dos !untos des!uXs de% sa%udo en %a corres!ondencia comercia% ' una coma des!uXs de% sa%udo en %a corres!ondencia !ersona%. En %os !a]ses euro!eos se usa una coma des!uXs de% sa%udo en %a carta comercia%. H.earI Mestimado o Buerido& de!endiendo de% casoG es %a !a%abra Bue se uti%i>a !ara encabe>ar e% sa%udoA .ear <r. Smit(A .ear .r. Fo"A .ear <s. FonesA .ear <iss Trum!A .ear <ot(er& M!ersona%G .ear <rs. =ro,nA

En ing%Xs& todos %os tXrminos de% sa%udo se escriben con ma'^scu%a inicia% ' <r.& <s.& <rs.& <iss& .r.& etc.& se escriben siem!re en %a forma abre/iada. Ser]a incorrecto !oner H.ear <ister =ro,nAI. Para dirigirse a una com!a\]a& %a forma Bue se uti%i>a es HGent%emenI MEstimados se\oresAG. !erfectamente correcta. H.ear Gent%emenI ser]a un dis!arate. 4uando %a carta /a dirigida a dos !ersonas& e% sa%udo debe ser dirigido tambiXn a ambas !ersonasA .ear <r. and <rs. 5i%%A .ear Anita and Fo(nA .ear FriendsA En es!a\o%& %a forma correcta de sa%udar en %a carta es %a siguienteA 4ordia% sa%udo& se\or 5uerta. 4ordia% sa%udo. Escueta& !ero

HSe\orI se escribe com!%eto ' no debe escribirse con ma'^scu%a. NVtese Bue todos %os tXrminos e"ce!tuando %a !rimera !a%abra ' %a inicia% de% a!e%%ido& se escriben en min^scu%a.

31 6. THE MESSAGE E% <ensaKe E% te"to de %a carta em!ie>a dos o tres reng%ones des!uXs de% sa%udo. Es im!rescindib%e tener es!ecia% cuidado en %a forma de !resentar %os !Wrrafos& sobre todo cuando se escribe en otro idioma& en cu'o caso& %a c%aridad es a^n mas esencia% Bue en e% !ro!io. La corres!ondencia ing%esa tiende a ser bre/e& e/itando !rosa innecesaria. Las frases cortas son !referib%es a %as mu' %argas& !ues e"!resan %a idea con ma'or ra!ide> ' faci%idad de inter!retaciVn !ara Buien %as recibe. Las reg%as de !untuaciVn son !rWcticamente %as mismas en ambos idiomas. En ing%Xs no se usa e% signo de interrogaciVn M ` G o e"c%amaciVn M a G a% !rinci!io de %a oraciVn. Usted& Ustedes. En es!a\o%& Hse\orI ' tXrminos simi%ares en e% sa%udo& se considera mas cortXs e/itar %as abre/iaciones HUd.& Uds.I en e% mensaKe de %a carta. Estos !ronombres deben escribirse com!%etos.

7. THE COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING La .es!edida La des!edida se co%oca dos reng%ones debaKo de% te"to de %a carta. SV%o %a !rimera !a%abra se escribe con ma'^scu%a& ' genera%mente una coma /a a% fina%. A%gunos eKem!%os de des!edida en ing%Xs son %os siguientesA TONO .emasiado informa%A indica Bue (a' una re%aciVn bastante intima entre %a !ersona Bue escribe %a carta ' %a Bue %a recibe. EFE<PLOS 4(eers& Regards& =est regards& =est e/er& As e/er& ;indest regards& ;indest ,is(es Cours& 4ordia%%'& <ost cordia%%'& 4ordia%%' 'ours& Sincere%'& Sincere%' 'ours& Cours sincere%'& <ost sincere%'& ?er' sincere%' 'ours& <ost sincere%' 'ours& ?er' sincere%'& Cours /er' tru%'& ?er' tru%' 'ours& Cours tru%'& Res!ectfu%%'& Res!ectfu%%' 'ours& Cours res!ectfu%%'&

Informa% ' amistosaA indica Bue (a' una re%aciVn !ersona% entre e% Bue escribe %a carta ' e% Bue %a recibe. Amistosa& !ero neutra%A esta es %a forma mas a!ro!iada !ara todas %as cartas comercia%es.

Educada& forma% ' neutra%A genera%mente se uti%i>a en %a corres!ondencia de %as firmas %ega%es como tambiXn en %a corresJ !ondencia en genera%. Tota%mente forma%A indica Bue e% Bue recibe %a carta es una !ersona de una !osiciVn mu' a%ta M?IPGA genera%mente

32 se uti%i>a en %a corres!ondencia di!%omWJ tica& gubernamenta% o ec%esiWstica. <ost res!ectfu%%'& ?er' res!ectfu%%'&

5o' en d]a se uti%i>an %as siguientes des!edidas en %a corres!ondencia en es!a\o%A 5asta otra o!ortunidad. 5asta !ronto. Sinceramente&

. THE SIGNATURE La firma Si %a !ersona Bue firma %a carta escribe a nombre de %a com!a\]a& e% nombre o ra>Vn socia% de Xsta debe a!arecer en %etras ma'^scu%as dos es!acios debaKo de %a des!edida ' cuatro es!acios antes de %a firmaA ?er' tru%' 'ours& BOO!S AND BAGS" INC. 5asta otra o!ortunidad. EDITORIAL EL UNIVERSO

Fo(n Smit(ers <anager

Fuan 5ernWnde> .e!artamento Lega%

Es indis!ensab%e transcribir %a firma a mWBuina& 'a Bue muc(as firmas son !arcia% o tota%mente i%egib%es. Es ademWs con/eniente indicar e% t]tu%o& cargo o de!artamento de% Bue firma %a carta. Si no estW seguro de% estado ci/i% de %a Bue escribe& %o mas indicado es co%ocar%e %a abre/iatura <s.& Bue es %a Bue se estW uti%i>ando (o' en d]a tanto !ara %as muKeres so%teras como !ara %as casadas. En %a corres!ondencia en es!a\o%& e% nombre oficia% de %a em!resa no debe ser traducido ni cambiado. E% t]tu%o de %a !ersona Bue escribe %a carta o e% nombre de% de!artamento tambiXn debe a!arecer en es!a\o%. 5asta !ronto. Rodo%fo Ort]> Gerente de E"!ortaciVn Sinceramente& ?erVnica Es!inosa .e!artamento de 4rXdito #. THE INITIALS L$% I&'('$)*% Tanto en ing%Xs como en es!a\o%& (o' en d]a se uti%i>a %a siguiente forma !ara co%ocar e% nombre de %a !ersona Bue mecanograf]a %a cartaA si es muKer& se co%oca e% nombre ' %a inicia% de% a!e%%ido& dos es!acios debaKo de %a firma mecanografiada o de% t]tu%o de %a !ersona Bue firma %a carta& ' si es (ombre& %a inicia% de% nombre ' e% a!e%%ido com!%eto. Es co%ocan en %etra mu' !eBue\a.

33 4arta mecanografiada !or una muKer. ?er' tru%' 'ours& .a/id L. =ro,n <anager
A%ice S.

4arta mecanografiada !or un (ombre. 5asta otra o!ortunidad. Pedro 5. 5ernWnde> Gerente Genera%
4. O%i/eros

1+. ENCLOSURES A&*,-% Si se mandan ane"os con %a carta& se anota debaKo de %as inicia%es %a !a%abra HEnc%osureI en ing%Xs o HAne"osI o HAdKuntoI en es!a\o%. Si se desea& se !uede es!ecificar %a natura%e>a de %os mismos. Esta anotaciVn se escribe a dos es!acios debaKo de %as inicia%es. Si no se co%ocan inicia%es& se escriben dos es!acios debaKo de% nombre de %a !ersona Bue escribe %a carta o su t]tu%o. ?er' tru%' 'ours& .a/id L. =ro,n <anager
A%ice S.

5asta otra o!ortunidad. Pedro 5. 5ernWnde> Gerente Genera%

4. O%i/eros

Enc%osure o Enc%osures o EncA 4(ec+

Ane"o o Ane"os o AdKA 4(eBue 11. E.TRA COPIES C-/'$% E,01$

5o' en d]a en Bue %a fotoco!iadoras (an reem!%a>ado %as (oKas de !a!e% carbVn& %a abre/iatura 44 Bue antes significaba Hco!ia a% carbVnI Mcarbon co!'G a(ora significa H4o!ia de cortes]aI M4ourtes' 4o!'G. Si se /a a inc%uir esta anotaciVn& debe escribirse sobre e% margen i>Buierdo& no im!orta e% mode%o de %a carta& dos %]neas des!uXs de %a firma o cua%Buier otra anotaciVn Bue %a anteceda. Si se uti%i>an %as inicia%es de identificaciVn o %a anotaciVn de Enc%osures& %a anotaciVn 44 a!arece de ^%timoA ?er' tru%' 'ours& 5asta otra o!ortunidad.

.a/id L. =ro,n <anager

A%ice S.

Pedro 5. 5ernWnde> Gerente Genera%

4. O%i/eros

Enc%osure 44 5aro%d <artin

Ane"os 44 5ernando Ugarri>a

34 4uando se en/]an co!ias de %a carta a /arias !ersonas& Xstas se co%ocan en orden a%fabXticoA ?er' tru%' 'ours& 5asta otra o!ortunidad.

.a/id L. =ro,n <anager

A%ice S.

Pedro 5. 5ernWnde> Gerente Genera%

4. O%i/eros

Enc%osure

Ane"os

44 5aro%d <artin 44 Oscar =uend]a Fo(n O%sen 5ernando Ugarri>a A%e"ander 7est 5a' ocasiones en Bue es con/eniente no marcar en %a carta origina% Bue se estWn en/iando co!ias a otras !ersonas. En este caso& se (ace en %as co!ias ^nicamente %a anotaciVn H=44I Bue significa =%ind 4ourtes' 4o!'& o sea& H4o!ia 4onfidencia%I. <uc(as secretarias acostumbran co%ocar esta anotaciVn en %a !arte su!erior de %as co!ias& como una constancia de Bue no (a'a figurado !or descuido en %a co!ia origina%. ADDITIONAL PAGES 5oKas Adiciona%es Si %a carta es de mas de una !Wgina& debe e/itarse em!e>ar un nue/o !Wrrafo con menos de tres %]neas a% fina% de %a !Wgina. Es !referib%e deKar un margen inferior mas anc(o ' em!e>ar e% !Wrrafo en %a !Wgina siguientes. .e todas maneras& se recomienda deKar un m]nimo de dos a tres cent]metros a% !ie de% !%iego. En cada (oKa adiciona% debe figurar e% nombre de% destinatario& %a fec(a ' e% n^mero de %a !Wgina& ' %a fec(a. =aKe siete es!acios de% borde su!erior de% !a!e% !ara em!e>ar %a segunda !Wgina. Si estW escribiendo %a carta !or com!utador& !uede em!e>ar a escribir esta anotaciVn en %a !rimera %]nea. .es!uXs de escribir e% nombre de% destinatario& %a fec(a ' e% n^mero de %a !Wgina& se baKan cuatro es!acios !ara em!e>ar a escribir e% te"to. Las (oKas adiciona%es deben ser de% mismo tama\o ' co%or de %a !rimera& con %a ^nica diferencia de Bue no %%e/an membrete. EKem!%os de una segunda !Wgina de %as cartas de dos o mas !WginasA

.r. 7a'ne Green

October 1#& 661

=' t(e time ,e get toget(er& cou%d 'ou and 'our assistants (a/e some +ind of tentati/e sc(edu%e read' for t(e stud'b It ,ou%d be (o!efu% four our ne"t mont(*s meeting.

35

.r. 7a'ne Green Page October 1#& 661 =' t(e time ,e get toget(er& cou%d 'ou and 'our assistants (a/e some +ind of tentati/e sc(edu%e read' for t(e stud'b It ,ou%d be (e%!fu% for our ne"t mont(*s meeting

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