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HMWK 3

This document contains 6 questions regarding linear systems and state-space realizations: 1) Find an input to drive a given system between two states 2) Determine which of 5 outputs could correspond to a given system 3) Find an input to drive a system to a given state 4) Assess the controllability and observability of 4 systems 5) Analyze a non-minimal and unobservable system 6) Find a minimal realization for a given system

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Eren Can Kızıldağ
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76 views

HMWK 3

This document contains 6 questions regarding linear systems and state-space realizations: 1) Find an input to drive a given system between two states 2) Determine which of 5 outputs could correspond to a given system 3) Find an input to drive a system to a given state 4) Assess the controllability and observability of 4 systems 5) Analyze a non-minimal and unobservable system 6) Find a minimal realization for a given system

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Eren Can Kızıldağ
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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November 26, 2013 EE 453 Homework # 3 1.

Find an input that drives the state x(1) = 2 to x(3) = 5 for the realization x = 3x + u ; y = 2x. What will be the input that you will use if you would like to have x(3) = 2? Can you nd an input that results in x(t) = 2 for all t [1, 3]? 2. Consider the realization x (t) = 3 1 2 0 x(t) ; y (t) = x(t) ; x(0) unknown

and consider the following waveforms: (a) y1 (t) = 1 for all t 0. (b) y2 (t) = e2t for all t 0. (c) y3 (t) = et for all t 0. (d) y4 (t) = 2e2t + 3et for all t 0. (e) y5 (t) = sin t + et cos t for all t 0. Which of the waveforms represents a possible output for this realization for some value of , and for some possible value of the initial state vector? Which of the waveforms cannot be the output of this realization regardless of what the initial state x(0) is and regardless of what = 0 and = 0 are ? 3. Consider the realization x = 3 1 2 0 x+ 1 0 u ; y= 1 1 x

Output of this realization of [0, 1] corresponding to a unit step input and to an unknown initial condition was observed to be 5et . Find an input to be applied on [1, 2] so as to make x(2) = 2 9 . (Note that this realization is the realization of Question 2 with = = 1 and with an added input term.) 4. Consider the linear, time invariant state space realizations i : (Ai , Bi , Ci , 0) with the following system matrices: 1 1 0 2 A1 = 1 1 1 b1 = 1 ; c1 = 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 b2 = 0 ; C 2 = 1 3 0 A2 = 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

A3

A4

2 2 1 1 1 b3 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 4 1 2 B4 = 1 4 3 1 1 3 1

c3 = 1 2 1 0 0 0 0.25

1 1 c = 0 4 1

(a) For each i , assess its controllability. Either show that it is controllable or nd all uncontrollable modes. (b) For each i , assess its observability. Either show that it is observable or nd all unobservable modes. 5. Consider the realization given below. 2 1 0 0 0 x + 0 u ; y = x = 0 2 5 0 0 3

(1)

(a) Show that the given realization is not controllable. (b) Give a similarity transformation which separates the controllable and uncontrollable parts of this realization. (c) If T denotes the similarity transformation matrix from part b above, then compute the similar realization (T 1 AT, T 1 b, cT ) explicitly. (d) Give a lower order realization (A, b, c) of the transfer function realized by the realization given in Equation (1). (e) Your lower order realization should be controllable. Show that it is not minimal. That is to say, show that it is unobservable. (f) Give a similarity transformation P which separates the observable and unobservable parts of (A, b, c). (g) Compute the similar realization (P 1 AP, P 1 b, cP ) explicitly. (h) Give a lower order realization (A, b, c ) of the transfer function realized by (A, b, c). (i) Show that (A, b, c ) is a minimal realization. 6. Find a minimal realization that realizes the same transfer as (A2 , b2 , C2 ) of Question 4.

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