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Thermodynamics Tutorial 4

1. This document discusses various thermodynamic processes and concepts related to the first law of thermodynamics including: throttling processes, ideal gas behavior, internal energy, enthalpy, polytropic processes, closed cycles, and several example problems calculating work, heat transfer and other properties. 2. Key concepts covered include the definitions of throttling process, internal energy, enthalpy, adiabatic and polytropic processes, and closed cycles. Example problems calculate work, heat transfer, temperature and pressure changes for gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes. 3. Thermodynamic cycles and systems involving gases and steam are analyzed by applying the concepts of the first law of thermodynamics to calculate work, heat

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
165 views3 pages

Thermodynamics Tutorial 4

1. This document discusses various thermodynamic processes and concepts related to the first law of thermodynamics including: throttling processes, ideal gas behavior, internal energy, enthalpy, polytropic processes, closed cycles, and several example problems calculating work, heat transfer and other properties. 2. Key concepts covered include the definitions of throttling process, internal energy, enthalpy, adiabatic and polytropic processes, and closed cycles. Example problems calculate work, heat transfer, temperature and pressure changes for gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes. 3. Thermodynamic cycles and systems involving gases and steam are analyzed by applying the concepts of the first law of thermodynamics to calculate work, heat

Uploaded by

Ayush Bhadauria
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics (Course number: 22006) Tutorial 4 (First Law of Thermodynamics for closed and o en system) 1. What is a throttling process?

? Give two examples of such process and represent them in h-s plot. Show that, in throttling process the enthalpy remains constant. 2. rove that, for an ideal gas ! -!" # $u%&. Where the sym'ols have their usual meaning. (. Give the physical meaning of internal energy and show that it is a property. ). What is the difference 'etween a *o++le and ,iffuser? -. Give the physical meaning of enthalpy and show that, for a constant pressure process, the change in enthalpy is e.ual to net heat transfer. /. rove that, for an ideal gas undergoing reversi'le adia'atic process "0 # ! 1. Show that, the expression of heat addition to a system undergoing polytropic process is given 'y 23 # 440-n5%4n-15562W 7. rove that, for any process undergoing a closed cycle, the difference 'etween the differentials of heat and wor8 is an exact differential. 9. What is a && 1? 1. :he temperature of (.- 8g of gas in a rigid container is increased from 2- ;! to )- ;! during heating. :he net heat transfer during the process is (7 8<. :he specific heat ratio and molar mass of the gas are 1.)2 and 27 respectively. !alculate the change in =nternal energy and wor8 done for the gas, assuming it to 'e ideal. 2. >.- 8g of air is expanded reversi'ly and adia'atically from >.) &pa, -21 ? to 7> 8 a, and then compressed at constant pressure to the original volume. S8etch the process in -" diagram, and compute the heat and wor8 transfer for the whole path. (. @ rigid insulated tan8 of capacity 1 m ( is divided into two compartments. :he compartment of volume >.>- m( contains water at 11> ;!, 1 &pa. :he second compartment is evacuated. :he partition separating the compartments is punctured and water fills the whole tan8. ,etermine the final temperature and pressure of water in the tan8. ). @ certain mass of air of volume 12- cc at temperature (- ;! and pressure 1 'ar a'solute is compressed 'y the law "1.(- # ! to a pressure of 7.- 'ar. :hen 2>>> < of heat is added at constant pressure. Aurther, hot air is expanded 'y the law " 1.(- # ! to a pressure of 2 'ar. Ainally, heat is reBected at constant volume till the initial condition has reached. ,etermine the value of :, and " at the end of each process. $epresent the entire process in -" diagram, and determine the net wor8 done for the process. /. @ system containing >.2 m( of air at a pressure of ) 'ar and 1/> ;! expands isoentropically to a pressure of 1.>/ 'ar and then heated at constant pressure till the enthalpy increases 'y /- 8<. !alculate the wor8 done. *ow, the entire process is replaced 'y a single reversi'le polytropic process producing the same amount of wor8 'etween the initial and final state. So determine the index of expansion in this case. :a8e ! # 1.>>- 8<%8g ?

1. >.)) 8g of air at 17> ;! expands adia'atically to three times its original volume, and during the process, there is a fall in temperature to 1- ;!. =f the wor8 done during the process is -2.- 8<%8g, then calculate the values of ! and !". 7. :he properties of a certain fluid are related as u # 19/ C >.119 t, where u is the specific internal energy 8<%8g, v # >.271 4t C21(5 where t is in ;!, is in 8 a, and v is in m(%8g. Aor this fluid, find the values of ! and !". 9. @ 1.- 8g of mass undergoes a .uasistatic expansion process following # a C '", where a and ' are constants, is in 8 a and " is in m (. :he initial and final pressures are 1>>> 8 a and 2>> 8 a respectively, and the corresponding volumes are >.2 m( and 1.2 m(. :he specific internal energy of the gas is given 'y the relation u # 1.- pv D 7- 8<%8g, where p is in 8 a, v is in m (%8g. !alculate the net heat transfer and the maximum internal energy of the gas attained during the expansion. 1>. :he heat capacity at constant pressure of a certain system is a function of temperature only and is expressed as ! # 21>9( C )1.71%4tC1>>5 <%;!, where t is in ;!. :he system is now heated 'y maintaining it at 1 atm pressure until its volume increases from 2>>> cm ( to 2)>> cm( and during this process, its temperature increase from > ;! to 1>> ;!. Aind the magnitude of heat interaction and increase in internal energy of the system. 11. @ gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle with ( processes. rocess 1-2 is constant pressure with #1.) 'ar, "#>.>27 m(, W # 1>.- 8<. rocess 2-( is compression with "#!, E (# E2. rocess (-1 is constant volume with E1-E( # -2/.) 8<. S8etch the cycle in -" diagram and determine the net wor8 done and heat transfer for the process 1-2. @lso prove that 23#2W. 12. @ir flows steadily at the rate of >.) 8g%s through an air compressor, entering at / m%s with a pressure of 1 'ar, v of >.7- m (%8g and leaves at ).- m%s, /.9 'ar and >.1/ m(%8g. :he internal energy of air leaving is 77 8<%8g greater than of entering. !ooling water in a Bac8et surrounding the cylinder a'sor's the heat from the air at the rate of -9 W. ,etermine the power re.uired to drive the compressor and the inlet and outlet cross section area. 1(. @ir at 1>- m%s and 1.2- 8g%m ( enters a gas tur'ine of inlet area >.>- m 2. :he air stream exists from the gas tur'ine at 1(- m%s and >./1 8g%m (. ,uring the flow process, the air loses 21 8<%8g of heat and its specific enthalpy comes down 'y 1)- 8<%8g. ,etermine 4i5 :he mass flow rate of the air through the tur'ine 4ii5 :ur'ine exit area 4iii5 :he power developed 'y the tur'ine 1). @ small expander has >.>- 8g%s steam entering at 1>>> 8 a, 2-> ;! and leaves at 2-> 8 a, 9>F .uality. :he power output of the shaft is -- 8W. ,etermine the rate of heat transfer 'y neglecting the 8inetic energies. 1-. Steam at >.7 & a, 2-> ;! and flows at the rate of 1 8g%s passes into a pipe carrying wet steam at >.7 &pa, >.9- dry. @fter adia'atic mixing, the flow rate is 2.( 8g%s. ,etermine the condition of steam after mixing. :he mixture is then expanded in frictionless no++le isoentropically to a pressure of >.) &pa. ,etermine the .uality of steam leaving the no++le. 1/. Gi.uid water at 1 & a, 2> ;! is mixed with steam at 1 & a and 1>>F .uality to produce hot water at 12> ;!. =f the mixing occurs in a steady flow process inside an insulating 'ox, then determine the .uantity of steam re.uired if the inlet water flows at 2> ;! is 1.2 8g. 11. @ de-superheater is an e.uipment where super heated steam is converted into saturation steam

'y cooling it with spray water. Steam enters to it at 1.- 'ar, 12- ;! and leaves as saturated steam at 1.- 'ar. Spray water enters at (> ;! and sprayed into the steam to cool it to the saturate vapor state. :he mass flow rate of super heated steam is ->>> 8g%hr. @ssuming that, the de-superheater is insulated and the change in ?H and H are neglected. ,etermine the mass flow rate of spray water and saturated steam. 17. @ tur'o compressor delivers 2.(( m (%s at >.21/ &pa, )( ;! which is heated at the same pressure to )(> ;!, and finally expands in a tur'ine which delivers 17/> 8W. ,uring the expansion there is a heat transfer of >.>9 &<%s to the surrounding. ,etermine the tur'ine exhaust temperature if changes in ?H and H are neglected. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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