! !! !

My hearty congratulations to +2 Students!

If you want to get 200 out of 200 in Physics, you should
be answered the compulsory problem as well as possible. The
physics learners are advised to frame their own responses taking
ideas from the help points given for each problem.
Here, All the public examination
questions (Up to Sep 2013) particularly, fifty nine problems are
dealt in a detailed and simple manner, just like your attempts. The
students are thus prepared in an effective way to face the
compulsory problem confidently and come out with flying colours.
With best wishes and regards,


Walk with educational service
T.Thamaraiselvan,
PGT Physics,
G.B.H.S. School,
Aranthangi 614616
Cell: 9443645072
Email Id : [email protected]

www.kalvisolai.com
2 22 2

:. A Parallel Plate capacitor has plates of area 200 cm
2
and separation
between the plates 1mm. Calculate (i) The potential difference between the plates if 1 nc
charge is given to the capacitor (ii) with the same charge if the plate separation is
increased to 2mm, what is the new potential difference and ((iii) electric field between
the plates. [March. zcce]

A=200 cm
2
=200 x 10
-4
m
2
d = 1 x 10
-3
m

(i) q = 1 x 10
-9
c The potential difference between the plates v =?
d q d
v =

=

0
A.
0

1 x 10
-9
x 1 x 10
-3

=
2 x 10
-2
x 8.854x 10
-12
v=5.65 v

(ii) If d = 2 m m v =?
If the distance increase by two times the P.D also will increase two times

.v = 2 x 5.65 =11.3 V

(iii) Electric Field E = v / d = 5.65 / 10
-3

= 5650 v / m.

2. Three capacitors each of capacitance a 9 pF are connected in series (i) What is the
total capacitance of the combination? (ii) What is the potential difference across each
capacitor, if the combination is connected to 120V Supply?

[June - zcce, Sep zcce, June - zc::]
Given
C = 9 pF v =120 v
n = 3 v
1
= v
2
= v
3
=?
C
s
= ? v
1
= v
2
= v
3
=v / n = 120 / 3
C
S
= c/n = 9/3 v
1
= v
2
= v
3
=40 v
C
S
= 3 pF


1 cm
2
= 10
-4
m
2

www.kalvisolai.com
? ?? ?

3.Two Capacitances 0.5 F and 0.75 F are connected in parallel and the combination to
a 110v battery. Calculate the charge from the source and charge on each capacitor?
Given: - [June - zcc]
c
1
=0.5 F ; c
2
=0.75 F
v = 110 v
q
1,
q
2
=? Total Charge q = ?
q
1
=c
1
v
= 0.5 x 10
-6
x 110
q
1
= 55 c
q
2
=c
2
v
=0.75 x 10
-6
x 110
q
2
=82.5 c
q = q
1
+q
2
=55+82.5
q = 137.5 c

4. Calculate the electric potential at a point P, located at the centre of the square of point
charges shown in the figure [June- zcc]
q
1
=12 nc ; q
2
=-24nc;
q
3
=31 nc ; q
4
=17 nc D C
if a=1.3 m :nc 1:nc
r=.OA=OB =OC=OD= a / 2 o
12nc -24 nc
V = 1 [q
1
+ q
2
+q
3
+ q
4
] A B
|
c
r 1.3 m
= 9 x 10
9
x 2 12-24+31+17
1.3
9 x 1.414 x 36 x 10
-9
x 10
9

V =
1.3
V = 352.4 V















www.kalvisolai.com
1 11 1

5. Two positive charges of 12 C and 8C respectively are 10 cm apart. Find the
work done in bringing them 4 cm Closer, so that, they are 6cm apart. [June 2008]
Given :- q
1
=12 c; q
2
=8c
If r
1
=10 cm
9 x 10
9
x q
1
q
2

Intial Energy Ui =
r
1


9 x 10
9
x 12 x 10
-6
x 8 x 10
-6

=
10 x 10
-2
= 8.64 J
If r
2
= 6 cm .Final Energy

9 x 10
9
x 12 x 10
-6
x 8 x 10
-6

Uf =
6 x 10
-2
Uf = 14.4J
Work Done = W = Uf-Ui

=14.4 8.64
W= 5.76 J

e. Two capacitors of unknown capacitances are connected in series and parallel if the net
capacitances in the two combinations are 6 F and 25 F respectively find their
capacitances
[Sep zcc]
Given :-
Cp=25 F
Cs = 6 F. c
1 ,
c
2
=?
Cp = c
1
+c
2

. c
1
+c
2
=z F
C
2
=(25 C
1
) F
C
s
=

C
1
C
2
/ C
1
+C
2


C
1
C
2
=6
C
1
+C
2


C
1
C
2
=6
25
C
1
C
2
= 150

C
1
(25-C
1
) = 150

25C
1
- C
1
2

= 150
25C
1
- C
1
2

-150 = 0
C
1
2
- 25C
1
+

150 = 0
(C
1
-15)(C
1
-10) = 0
C
1
= 15 (0r) 10
.C
1
=15 F
C
2
= 10 F



www.kalvisolai.com
5 55 5

7. The plates of parallel plate capacitor have an area of 90cm
2
each and are separated
by 2.5 mm. The capacitor is charged by connecting it is a 400V supply, how much
electrostatic energy is stored by the capacitor? [June 2009, Sep 13]

A=90 cm
2
= 90 x 10
-4
m
2

d=2.5 x 10
-3
m
v=400 v
E=?
E=cv
2
/2


C=
c
A / d
. E =1 x
c
A x v
2

2 d

1 8.854 x 10
-12
x 90 x 10
-4
x 400 x 400
E = x
2 2.5 x 10
-3

= 2.55 x 10
-6
J


8. Three Charges -2x10
-9
C, 3x10
-9
C, -4x10
-9
C are placed at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side 20 cm Calculate the work done in shifting the charges A,
B and C to A
1
, B
1
, and C
1
respectively which are the mid points of the sides of the
triangle. [June -2011]

AB=BC=AC=20 X 10
-2
m A

-2 x 10
-9
C
q
1
= -2 x 10
-9
C


q
2
= 3 x 10
-9
C


q
3
= -4 x 10
-9
C


U=?
B B
1

C
3 x 10
-9
C -4 x 10
-9
C

Initial Potential Energy Ui = 1 / |
c
d [q
1
q
2
+ q
2
q
3+
q
3
q
1
]


9 x 10
9
[ ( -2 x 10
-9
x

3 x 10
-9
) + ( 3 x 10
-9
x

-4 x 10
-9
) +
Ui = ( -4 x 10
-9
x

-2 x 10
-9
) ]

20 x 10
-2


9 x 10
9

=

[ ( -6 x 10
-18
-12 x 10
-18
+8 x 10
-18
]

20 x 10
-2

-9 x 10
9
x 10 x 10
-18

Ui =

= 4.5x 10
-7
J
20 x 10
-2

www.kalvisolai.com
0 00 0

If the Charges on A, B, and C distance final potential energy r= 10 x 10
-2
m

9 x 10
9

Uf=

[-10 x 10
-18
]


10 x 10
-2

=-9 x 10
-7
J

.U=Uf-Ui = -9 x 10
-7
(-4.5 x 10
-7
)
= -(9+4.5) x 10
-7

U = -4.5 x 10
-7
J


v. In the given network, calculate the effective resistance between points A and B.
Find the effective resistance one unit [March. zcc]




.The network has
three identical units
C D
R
1
, R
2
are connected in series
R
s1
=R
1
+R
2
=5+10=

15 5+10R
1s
R
3,
R
4
are connected in series
R
s2
= R
3
+R
4

R
s2
= 5+10=

15
R
s1,
R
s2 are
connected in
Parallel .Rp
1 =
R
s
/ n

= 15 / 2 =7.5
Each unit has a resistance of 7.5
R
s
= nRp = 3 x 7.5
R
s
= 22.5

:c. The effective resistances are :c , z.| when two resistors are connected in series
and parallel. What are the resistances of individual resistors
[March . zcc, March . zc:c October -zc::]


R
s
= 10; R
P
=2.4 ; R
1
,R
2
=?
R
s
= R
1
+R
2

R
1
+R
2
= 10
R
2
= (10- R
1
)
R
P
= R
1
R
2
/( R
1
+R
2
)

R
1
R
2
/ (R
1
+R
2
)

= 2.4
R
1
R
2
/ 10 =2.4
R
1
R
2
=24
R
1
(10-R
1
)=24
10R
1
R
1
2

-24=0
R
1
2
10 R
1
+24=0
(R
1
-6) (R
1
-4)=0
R
1
= 6 or 4
. R
1
= 6 ; R
2
= 4



www.kalvisolai.com


11. A copper wire of 10
-6
m
2
area of cross section carries a current of 2A, if the number of
electrons per cubic metre is

8 x 10
28
, calculate the current density and average drift
velocity.( e=1.6 x 10
-19
c) [March . zccv]
A=10
-6
m
2
; I=2A; n=8 x 10
28
;e=1.6 x 10
-19
c
J=? v
d
=?
J=I / A =2 / 10
-6
=2 x 10
6
A m
-2
J 2 x 10
6

v
d
= =
n.e 8 x 10
28
x1.6x10
-19

=0.156 x 10
-3

v
d

=1.56 x 10
-4
ms
-1

12. Three resistors are connected in series with 10V supply as shown in the figure.
Find the voltage drop across each resistor [June - zc:c March. zc:z]
Effective resistance of series combination R
s
= R
1
+R
2
+R
3

R
s
= 5+3+2 = 10
. Current in Circuit I=v/ R
s
=10/10 = 1 A
Voltage drop across R
1
v
1
=I R
1
= 1 x 5 =5 V

Voltage drop acrosR
2
v
2
=I R
2
= 1 x 3 =3 V

Voltage drop acrosR
3
v
3
=I R
3
= 1 x 2 =2 V.


13. What is the drift velocity of an electron in a copper conductor having area
10 x 10
-6
m
2
carrying a current of 2A. Assume that there are

10 x 10
28
electrons /m
3

[March . zccv]
A = 10 x 10
-6
m
-2
; I=2A; n=10 x 10
28
electrons / m
3
v
d

= ?
I = n A e V
d
V
d
= I / n A e
= 2 / [10 x 10
28
x 10 x 10
-6
x 1.6 x 10
-19
]
V
d
= 1.25 x 10
-5
ms
-1
14. Find the current flowing across the resistors 3 , 5 and 2 connected in
parallel to a 15 v supply, Also find the effective resistance and total current drawn from
the supply [Oct-zc:c]
R
1
= 3 ; R
2
= 5 ; R
3
= 2
V=15 v
I
1,
I
2
,I
3
=?
Total Current I

=?
Effective Resistance=?
Current Through R
1
I
1
= V / R
1
=15/3 = 5A
Current Through R
2
I
2
= V / R
2
=15/5 = 3A
Current Through R
3
I
3
= V / R
3
=15/2 = 7.5A
. Total Current I

= I
1
+I
2
+I
3

= 5+3+7.5=15.5A
Effective Resistance R = v / I =15 / 15.5
= 0.967
www.kalvisolai.com
S SS S


15. In a metre bridge, the balancing length for a 10 resistance in left gap is 51.8 cm.
Find the unknown resistance and specific resistance of a wire of length 108 cm and radius
0.2 mm.
[Oct-zc:c, June - zc:c]
P = 10
l
1
= 51.8cm
l
2
= 48.2cm
Q = ?
Q / P = l
2
/ l
1
Q = P. l
2
/ l
1
= 10 x 48.2 / 51.8
Q=9.3
L = 108 cm = 1.08m
r = 0.2 x 10
-3
m = 2 x 10
-4
m.
=?
= Q.A / L =>Q. r
2
/ L
9.3 x 3.14 x (2 x 10
-4
)
2
=

1.08
= 108.2 x 10
-8
=1.082 x 10
-6
m

16. An iron box of 400 W power is used daily for 30 minutes. If the cost per unit is 75
paise, find the weekly expense on using the iron box
[June - zc:z]
P=400 W; t=1/2 Hour.
Rate /Unit = Paise
Cost /Week = ?
Energy consumed in one day = P x t
= 400 x 1 / 2
=200 w h
W =0.2 k wh
W =0.2 Unit
Energy consumed in one week =7 x 0.2
=1.4 Unit
Cost / Week = Total units consumed x (rate / unit) = 1.4x0.75 = Rs.1.05
:. The resistance of a field coil measures 50 at 20
o
C and 65 at 70
o
C. Find the
temperature coefficient of resistance.
t
1
= zc C; R
1
= c ,

t
2
= c C R
2
= e =? [June zc:1]
= R
2
-R
1

R
1
t
2
-R
2
t
1

= 65-50 = 15
(50x70) (65x20) 3500-1300

= 15 = 0.0068 / C
2200
www.kalvisolai.com
u uu u

18. A circular coil of radius 20cm has 100 turns wire and it carries a current of 5A.
Find the magnetic induction at a point along its axis at a distance of 20cm from the centre
of the coil. [March 2006, Oct -2006, March 2009]
n =100 turns
a = 20 x 10
-2
m

I = 5 A
x = 20 x 10
-2
m

B =?

n
0
Ia
2

B =

2(a
2
+ x
2
)
3 / 2

10
2
x4 x 3.14 x 5 x 4 x10
-2
x10
-7
=


2(4 x 10
-2
+ 4 x 10
-2
)
3 / 2

4 x 3.14 x 10
-6
4 x 3.14 x 10
-6
= =


(8x 10
-2
)
3 / 2
162 x 10
-3

= 0.555 x 10
-3

B = 5.55 x 10
-4
T


19. A rectangular coil of 500 turns and area 6 x 10
-4
m
2
is suspended inside a radial
magnetic field of induction 10
-4
T by a suspension wire of torsional constant
5 x 10
-10
Nm/degree. Calculate the current required to produce a deflection of 10
0

[June 2006, Oct -09, March -13]
N = 500; A=6 x 10
-4
;B=10
-4
T
C = 5 x 10
-10
Nm / degree = 10

,

I=?
I = C / NBA
5 x 10
-10
x10 10
-3

= =

5 x 10
2
x6 x 10
-4
x10
-4
6

I = 0.166 mA


20. A moving coil galvanometer of resistance 20 produces full scale deflection for
a current of 50mA. How you will convert the galvanometer into (i) an ammeter of range
20A and (ii) a voltmeter of range 120V.
[March . zcc,March . zccv, June -13]
G = 20 ; Ig = 50 mA;
(i) 20 A an ammeter range 20 A.
I = 20 A = 20000 mA

S = Ig G

I-Ig
a
2
= 4 x 10
-2

x
2
= 4 x 10
-2

www.kalvisolai.com
!u !u !u !u

50
= 20
20000-50

50
= x 20
19950

S = 0.05
. A shunt of 0.05 should be connected in parallel

(ii) 120 v a voltmeter range v=120 R=?

V - G
R= Ig

= 120 -20
50 X10
-3


= (120000 / 50 ) -20

=2380
. A resistance of 2380 should be connected in series with the galvanometer

z:. A long straight wire carrying current produces a magnetic induction of | x 10
-6
T
at a point, 15 cm from the wire. Calculate the current through the wire
[Oct -zcc]
a=15 x 10
-6
m; B=4 x 10
-6
T; I=?
B=2 x10
-7
x I / a
. I= B x a / 2 x 10
-7
=4 x 10
-6
x15 x 10
-2
/ 2 x 10
-7

I=3A

22. In a hydrogen atom electron moves in an orbit of radius c. A making 10
16

revolutions per second. Determine the magnetic moment associated with orbital motion
of the electron. [June- 2008]
radius r= 0.5 x 10
-6
m
n=10
16
revolution / Second.
e=1.6 x 10
-19
c

l
=?

l
= I x A
I=e/T =e.n
A=r
2
.
l
=en x r
2

=1.6 x 10
-19
x 10
16
x 3.14 x (0.5 x 10
-10
)
2

l
=1.256 x 10
-23
Am
-2



www.kalvisolai.com
!! !! !! !!

23. Two parallel wires each of length 5cm are placed at a distance of 10cm apart in
air. They carry equal currents along the same direction and experience a mutually
attractive force of 3.6 x 10
-4
N Find the current through the conductors.

[Oct 2009; June 2010, March 2013]
a = 10 x 10
-2
m; l=5m; F=3.6 x 10
-4
N
I
1
= I
2
= I =?
2 x 10
-7
x I
1
I
2

F =

x l

a


2 x 10
-7
x I
2

x l
F = a


F x a

. I
2
=
2 x 10
-7
x l
3.6 x 10
-4
x10x10
-2
=
2 x 10
-7
x 5
I
2
= 36
I = 6A


24. A galvanometer has a resistance of 40 It shows full scale deflection for a current
of 2mA. How you will convert the galvanometer into a voltmeter of range o to 20v?
[Oct 2010]
G = 40 ; Ig = 2 x 10
-3
A; V = 20V
R=?
V
R = -G
Ig

20
= - 40
2 x 10
-3


20000
= 2 -40
= 10000-40
R = 9960
. A resistance of 9960 should be connected in series




www.kalvisolai.com
!2 !2 !2 !2

25. Two straight infinitely long parallel wires carrying equal currents and placed at a
distance of 20cm apart in air experience a mutually attractive force of 4.9 x 10
-5
N per
unit length of wire, calculate the current [Oct-zc::]
F = 4.9 x 10
-5
N; a=20 x 10
-2
m; l=1m
I
1
= I
2
= I=?
F = 2 x 10
-7
x I
1
I
2
xl
a
F = 2 x 10
-7
x I
2
x l
a
F x a
l
2
= 2 x 10
-7
x l
4.9 x 10
-5
x20 x 10
-2

=
2 x 10
-7
x 1
l
2
= 49
I = 7A
26. The deflection in a galvanometer falls from 50 divisions to 10 divisions when
12 resistance is connected across the galvanometer. Calculate the galvanometer
resistance
[Sep zc:z]
S=12 ; =50 divisions
g =10 divisions G=? G = s I
-g
.G= s
g

50 10
= x 12
10

40
= x 12
10
G = 48

27. An A.C generator consists of a coil 10,000 turns and of area 100cm
2
The coil
rotates at an angular speed of 140 rpm in a uniform magnetic field of 1.e x 10
-2
T. Find
the maximum value of the emf induced. [June 2009]

N =10
4
turns;

A=100 x 10
-4
m
2

B = 1.e x 10
-2
T;
E
0
=

?

=140 rpm
E
0
= N A B = N A B 2 =140 / 60 rps
E
0
=10
4
x100 x10
-4
x1.e x 10
-2
x2 x3.14x140/60
E
0
= 52.752 V
www.kalvisolai.com
!? !? !? !?

z zz z .A Soap film of retractive index 1.33, is illuminated by white light incident at an angle
30
0
. The reflected light is examined by spectroscope in which dark band corresponding to
the wave length 6000 is found. Calculate the smallest thickness of the film.
[Oct-zcc, Sep -2013]
=:.11; i=30; n=1 (smallest thickness)
=6000 , t=?
If dark band z t cosr = n
t=n / 2 cos r


=sin i / sin r

sin i sin30
sinr = = =0.373 r = sin
-1
0.3759
1.33 r = 2204


1 x 6000 x 10
-10
t =
2 x 1.33 x cos 2204

6000 x 10
-10
t =

2 x 1.34 x 0.9267
t= 2.434 x 10
-7
m

zv. In youngs experiment of a light of frequency 6 X 10
14
Hz is used distance
between the centres of adjacent fringes is 0.75 mm. Calculate this distance between the
slits, if the screen is 1.5m away.
[Oct-zcc]
6 X 10
14
H
Z
; = c. X 10
-3
m
D = 1.5 m d = ?
= D /d [ = c / ]
= C D / .d
. d = C D / .
3 x 1 0
8
x1. 5
=
6 x10
14
xc. x 10
-3

d

= 1 x 10
-3
= 1m m





www.kalvisolai.com
!1 !1 !1 !1

30. A parallel beam of monochromatric light is allowed to incident normally on a
plane transmission grating having 5000 lines per centimetre. A second order spectral line
is found to be diffracted at an angle 30
0
Find the wave length of the light.
[March 2008, March 2010, June -12]
N = 5000 lines / cm
= 5 x 10
5
lines / m
m = 2
= 30
= ?
sin = Nm
= sin / Nm
= sin 30 / (5 x10
5
x 2)
= 1
= 2x5x10
5
x2
= 0.5 x 10
-6

= 5000 x 10
-10
m
= 5000 A

31. A monochromatic light of wavelength v1 A is incident on a water surface
having refractive index 1.33 Find the velocity frequency and wavelength of light in water
. [Oct 2008, March -11]
= 4 / 3 = 5893 A
Velocity of C
w
= ?
w
= ? = ?
C
w
= C /
3 x 10
8
=

4 /3
9
C
w
= x 10
8

4
= 2.25 x 10
8
ms
-1

w
= /
5893 x 10
-10
=

4 /3
5893 x 10
-10
x 3

=

4
= 4419.75 x 10
-10
m
= C /

3 x 10
8
=
[ frequency in water = frequency in air]


5893 x 10
-10

= 5.09 x 10
14
H
Z

www.kalvisolai.com
!5 !5 !5 !5


32.In a Newtons rings experiment the diameter of the 20
th
dark ring was found to be 5.82
mm and that of the 10
th
ring 3.36mm. If the radius of the plano convex lens is 1 m.
Calculate the wavelength of light used.
[March . zc:c]
d
20
= 5.82 x 10
-3
m ; d
10
= 3.36 x 10
-3
m
n + m = 20; n = 10; m = 10 ; R = 1 m
= ?
d
2
n+m
- d
2
n
d
2
20
- d
2
10

= =
4mR 4mR

(5.82 x 10
-3
)
2
- (3.36 x 10
-3
)
2
=


4 x 10 x 1

(5.82 +3.36)

(5.82-3.36 )x 10
-6
=

40
= 9.18 x 2.46 x 10
-6
/40
= 0.56457 x 10
-6
= 5.645 x 10
-10
m
= 5645 A
33. A plano convex lens of radius 3m is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is
illuminated by monochromatic light. The radius of the 8
th
dark ring is 3.6mm. Calculate
the wave length of light used.
[March . zc::]
R= 3 m; r
8
=3.6 x 10
-3
m ; n=8;
= ?
= r
2
n
/ nR
3.6 x 3.6 x 10
-6

=
8 x 3
= 0.54 x 10
-6
=5400 x 10
-10
m

= 5400 A

34. A Plane transmission grating has 5000 lines / cm. Calculate the angular separation in
second order spectrum of red line 7070 and blue line 5000 [June -zc:1]
N = 5000 lines / cm (or) N = 5x10
5
lines per meter
m = z,
R
= 7070 ;
V
= 5000

R
v = ?
Sin = Nm
Sin
R
= 5x10
5
x 2x7070x10
-10

Sin
R
= 0.707 =

R
=45
0

www.kalvisolai.com
!0 !0 !0 !0

Sin
v
= 5x10
5
x2x5000x10
-10

Sin
v
= 0.5 =

v
= 30

R
v = 45 -30

R
v = 15
0

35. A 300 mm long tube containing 60 cc of sugar solution produces a rotation of 9
o

when placed in a polarimeter. If the specific rotation is 60
o
, calculate the quantity of
sugar contained in the solution
l=300 mm = 3dm [June -zc:1]
v=60 CC, = 9, S=60, m =?
s = =
s =

m = = = 3g



36. Wave length of Balmer second line is |e: A. Calculate the wave length of first
line. [March . zcc]

2
= 4861 A

1
= ?
For Balmer II Line n
1
=2;

n
2
=4

2
= R ( 1 _ 1
n
1
2
- n
2
2
)
1/
2
= R ( 1 1)
2
2


- 4
2



= 4 1 R
16

1/
2
= 3R / 16

For Balmer I line n
1
=2;

n
2
= 3


2
= R 1 _ 1 =
2
2
- 3
2



1
www.kalvisolai.com
! ! ! !


= 9 4R

36

1/
1
= 5 / 36 R


1
/
2
=



1
/
2
=27 /20
1
=


1
=

1
= 6562 A
1. In Braggs Spectrometer the glancing angle for first order spectrum was observed
to be 8

. Calculate the wave length of x-ray. If d =2.82 x 10

-10
m. At what angle will the
second maximum occur?
[June - zcc]

1
= 8 ; d= 2.82 x 10
-10
m; n=1
= ?
2d sin = n
2d sin
=
n
2 x 2.82 x10
-10
x sin 8
=
1
= 2 x 2.82 x10
-10
x0.139
= 0.7849 x 10
-10
m
n = 2 when
2
= ?
2d sin
2
= n
sin
2
= n / 2d
2 x 0.7849 x10
-10
=
2 x 2.82 x10
-10
sin
2
= 0.2783

2
= sin
-1
0.2783

2
= 16 9

38. An - particle is projected with an energy on 4 MeV directly towards a gold
nucleus, Calculate this distance of its closest approach (Given atomic number of gold 79
and atomic number of a particle =2) [March . zcc]
(Atomic number of Gold = 79, Atomic number of particle = 2)
K.E = 4 x 10
-6
x 1.6 x 10
-19
J Z=79 r
0
=?
2
1 2
www.kalvisolai.com
!S !S !S !S

18 x 10
9
x Ze
2
r
0
=

K.E


18 x 10
9
x 79 x 1.6 x 10
-19
x1.6 x 10
-19
=

4 x 10
6
x 1.6 x 10
-19

= 568.8 x 10
-16

r
0
= 5.688 x 10
-14
m

39. An electron beam passes through a transverse magnetic field of 2 x 10
-3
T
and an electric field E of 3.4 x 10
4
V / m, acting simultaneously. If the path of the
electrons remain undeviated calculate the speed of electrons. If the electric field is
removed what will be the radius of the electron path..? [Oct-zc::]
E = 3.4 x 10
4
v / m ; B = 2 x 10
-3
T
v = ? r = ?
v = E / B
3.4 x 10
4

=
2 x 10
-3
v = 1.7 10
+7
ms
-1

Bev = mv
2
/ r
Be = mv / r . r = mv

/ Be
9.11 x 10
-31
x 1.7 x10
7

=
2 x 10
-3
x1.6 x 10
-19
r = 4.839 x 10
-2
m
40. How fast would a rocket have to go relative to an observer for its length to be
corrected to 99% of its length at rest [Oct -2007, Oct -11, March -12]
99
when l = l
o
; = ?
100

l = l
o
1-v
2
/ c
2
99
l
o
=

l
o
1-v
2
/ c
2

100
0.99 = 1-v
2
/ c
2

(0.99)
2
= 1-(v
2
/ c
2
)
(c
2
-v
2
)

/ c
2
= 0.99
2
c
2
-v
2
= (0.99c)
2
v
2
= c
2
-0.9801 c
2
= c
2
(1-0.9801)
v
2
= 0.0199 c
2

v = 0.141 c
= 0.141 x 3 x 10
8
v = 0.423 x 10
8
ms
-1


www.kalvisolai.com
!u !u !u !u

41. At what speed is a particle moving if the mass is equal to three times its rest
mass?
[Oct-zcc]
m = 3 m
0

v = ?
m
0

m

=

1 -v
2
/ c
2





m
0
3 m
0
=

1 -v
2
/ c
2

3 1 -v
2
/ c
2

= 1
9(1 -v
2
/ c
2
)

= 1
9 (c
2
-v
2
) /c
2
= 1


9c
2
- 9v
2
= c
2

9v
2
= 9c
2
- c
2

9v
2
= 8c
2
v
2
= 8 c
2
/ 9


v = 22 c / 3
= 22 x 3 x 10
8
/ 3
v = 22 x10
8
ms
-1

v =2.828

ms
-1



42. The time interval measured by an observer at rest is 2.5 x 10
-8
s What is the time
interval as measured by an observer moving with velocity v=0.73c [June - zccv]
t
o
= 2.5 x 10
-8
s
v = 0.73c t = ?
t = t
o
/ 1 -v
2
/ c
2

v
2
/ c
2
= 0.5329 c
2
/ c
2
1 (v
2
/ c
2
)= 1 - 0.5329 = 0.4671
1 -v
2
/ c
2
= 0.4671 = 0.6834
t = t
0
/ 0.6834
= 2.5 x 10
-8
/ 0.6834 = 3.658 x 10
-8
s



www.kalvisolai.com
2u 2u 2u 2u

|1. Work function of Iron is 4.7eV Calculate the cut off frequency and the corresponding
cut off wavelength for this metal
[June 09, March 2012]
w = 4.7 e V
w = 4.7 x 1.6 x 10
-19
J

o
= ?
o
=?
w = h
o

o
= w / h
4.7 x 1.6 x 10
-19
=
6.626 x 10
-34

o
= 1.134 x 10
15

o
= c /
o

3x 10
8
=
1.134 x 10
15
= 2.645 x 10
-7

o
= 2645 A
||. A metallic surface when illuminated with light of wavelength 1111 A emits electrons
with energies up to 0.6ev. Calculate the work function of the metal
[Oct 2009, June 2012, March 2013]


= 3333A K.E = 0.6 e v w = ?
h = w + k.E
w = h -k.E
w = h.c / - k.E
6.626 x 10
-34
x 3 x 10
8


= - 0.6
3333 x 10
-10
x 1.6x 10
-19

w = 3.727 0.6
w = 3.127 eV


|. A proton is moving at a speed of 0.900 times the velocity of light Find the kinetic
energy in joules and Mev. [March. zc::]
v = 0.9 c; m
o
= 1.67 x 10
-27
kg
(m- m
o
)c
2

= ?

m = m
o
/ 1 -v
2
/ c
2
1.67 x 10
-27

=
:- c.: c
2
/ c
2

1.67 x 10
-27
1.67 x 10
-27

= =
:- c.: 0.19
m
o
= 3.831 x 10
-27
kg
www.kalvisolai.com
2! 2! 2! 2!

m - m
o
= (3.831 x 10
-27
-1.67 x 10
-27
)
= 2.161 x 10
-27
(m - m
o
) c
2

= 2.161 x 10
-27
x 9 x 10
16

(m - m
o
) c
2

= 19.449 x10
-11
J
19.449 x 10
-11

E =
1.6 x 10
-19
= 12.155 x10
-11
x 10
-19
ev
= 12.155 x10
8
E = 1215 Mev





|e. What is the de Braglie wave length of an electron of Kinetic energy 120ev?
[Oct-zc:z]
If. k.E = 120 ev
v = 120 v


= ?


= (12.27 / v)
= (12.27 / 120)
= (12.27 / 10.95)


= 1.121 A

|. A piece of bone from an archaeological site is found to give a count rate of 15
counts per minutes A similar sample of fresh bone gives a count rate of 19 counts per
minute. Calculate the age of the specimen (Given T1
/2
= 5570 Years)
[Oct - zc::, March- zcce, Sep -2013,]
N = 15 counts / minute T
1/2
=0.693 /
N
0
= 19 counts minute
t = ?
N = N
0
e
- t

N / N
0
= e
- t
N
0
/ N

= e
t
log
e
(N
0
/ N) = t

t= log
e =
x2.303x log
e

t= x 2.303 x log 1.266


5570
t = x 2.303 x .1026
0.693
t = 1899 Years
www.kalvisolai.com
22 22 22 22

|. Calculate the energy released when 1Kg of
vz
U
z1
undergoes nuclear fission.
Assume, energy fission is 200 Mev. Avagadro Number =6.023 x :c
z1
Express your
answer in Kilowatt hour also

[March . zcce, Sep -2011, Sep 2013]
Energy produced fission = 200 Mev
= 200 x:c
e
x1.6 x:c
-:v
J = 3.2 x :c
-::

Avagadro Number N = 6.023 x :c
z1
1 kg
vz
U
z1
Energy released f 1kg
92
U
235
= ?
235 g
vz
U
z1
Number of atoms in 235 g of uranium = 6.023 x :c
z1
Number of atoms in 1Kg (or ) 1000 g of uranium
vz
U
z1

= 6.023 x :c
z1

x 1000
z1
= 2.562 x 10
24
Energy produced by 1 kg of uranium during fission
= 2.562 x 10
24
x 3.2 x :c
-::

E = 8.2016 x:c
:1
J
1 k w h = 3.6 x :c
e
J
8.2016 x:c
:1

E = = 2.2782 x 1c

k w h
3.6 x :c
e
|v. Find the energy released when two
:
H
z
nuclei fuse together to form a single
z
He
|
nucleus. Given the binding energy per nucleon of
:
H
z
a single
z
He
|
nucleus, Given the
binding energy per nucleon of
:
H
z
and
z
He
|
are 1.1 Mev and 7.0 Mev respectively,
[June 2006, October zc:z]

:
H
z
-BE/A of = :.: Mev

z
He
|
- BE/A of = Mev
z
:
H
z
z
He
|
+ Q
Energy released Q = ?
BE/A of
:
H
z
- = :.: Mev
BE of
:
H
z
- = 2 x :.: Mev = 2.2 Mev
BE/A of
z
He
|
= Mev
BE of
z
He
|
= 4 x 7=28 Mev
z
:
H
z
z
He
|
+ Q
2 x 2.2 28 + Q
4.4 28 + Q
.Q = 28 4.4 = 23.6 Mev
c. A reactor is developing energy at the rate of 32 MW. Calculate the required
number of fissions per second of
vz
U
z1
Assume that energy per fission is 200 Mev.
[June - zcce,2008,zc::]
Energy / fission = 200 MeV = 200 x :c
e
x 1.6 x :c
-:v

Total Energy = 1z MW
No of fission of
92
U
23
=
1z x :c
e
N =

200 x :c
e
x 1.6 x :c
-:v
N = :c
:
fission / Second

www.kalvisolai.com
2? 2? 2? 2?

:. Show that the mass of radium (

Ra
zze
) with an activity of 1 curie is almost a
gram [June - zcce,March .zcc, March .zc:z]

[T

- 1600 Years ;
: curie = 3.7 x:c
:c
disintegration / second]
T

=1600 Years
=1600 x 365.25 x 24 x 60 x 60
dN / d t = 3.7 x 1c
:c
disintegration / Second
m = ? T

= 0.6931 /
dN / d t = N
N = 1 dN
d t

T

dN
= x
0.6931 dt

1600 x 365.25 x 24 x 60 x60
N = X 3.7 x 1c
:c

0.6931
= 2.695 x 1c
z:

According to Avagadros Principle, e.cz1 x 1c
z1
atoms = zze g

of
Radium, z.ev x 1c
z:
atoms
226
m = x 2.695 x 1c
z:

e.cz1 x 1c
z1

= 1.011 g
m 1g

z.Calculate the mass of coal required to produce the same energy as that produced by the
fission of 1 Kg of
vz
U
z1

[October-zcce]



Energy fission = zcc Mev = 200 x 1.6 x 10
-19
x 10
6
Avagadro Number =6.023 x 10
23
Heat of combustion of Coal = 33.6 x 10
6
J / kg
-
Mass of Coal= ?
Number of Atoms in z1 g U
z1
= 6.023 x 10
23

Number of Atoms in :ccc g ( or ) 1 kg U
z1

6.023 x 10
23
N= x 10
3
= 2.562 x 10
24

235
: Energy/fission =3.6 x10
11
J
Energy produced by the fission of 1Kg of U
235
= 2.562 x 10
24
x3.6 x10
-11
E = 8.2016 x 10
13
J
www.kalvisolai.com
21 21 21 21

Let M be the mass of the coal required to produced equivalent to energy produced by
1Kg of U
z1


M x Heat of combustion of Coal =8.2016x 10
13
M x 33.6 x 10
6
= 8.2016 x 10
13

8.2016 x 10
13
M = = 2.441 x 10
6
kg

= 2441x10
3
Kg

33.6 x 10
6

M = 2441 ton.
1. Mass defect of
6
C
12
is 0.098 amu. Calculate the B.E /A of
6
C
12
nucleus.
[June - zcc]
m of -
e
C
:z
= 0.098 amu; A=12
BE / A = ?
m of -
e
C
:z
= 0.098 amu
BE of -
e
C
:z
= m x 931 Mev
= 0.098 x 931 MeV

= 91.238 MeV

BE/A Of -
e
C
:z
= 91.238 /12 = 7.603MeV

|. Calculate the time required for 60% of a sample of radon to undergo decay.
Given T
1/2
redon =3.8 days [March . zcc]
Half life of Rn = 1. days
Original Amount N
0
= 100% ; Amount of Sample disintegrated (N
0
N

)= 60%
Amount of Sample present N

= 40% time required t=?
T
1/2
= 0.6931

0.6931
=
T
1/2
N = N
0
e
- t
N / N
0
= e
t
N
0
/ N

= e
t

log (N
0
/ N) = t
t = log
e =
x2.303x log
e

t= x 2.303 x log 2.5

3.8
t = 2.303 x log
10

2.5

0.6931
3.8
t = 2.303 x 0.3979
0.6931
t = 5.022 days
www.kalvisolai.com
25 25 25 25

. The binding energy per nucleon for
e
C
:z
nucleus is .e MeV and that for
e
C
:1
is
.| MeV. Calculate the energy required to remove a neutron from
e
C
:1
nucleus
[March. zccv]
BE/A of -
e
C
:z
= .e Mev
BE/A of -
e
C
:1
= .| Mev
BE/A of Q = ?

e
C
:1
e
C
:z
+
c
n
:
+Q.
BE/A of -
e
C
:1
= .| Mev
Total BE of C
13
= 13 x 7.47 MeV
= 97.11 MeV

e
C
:z
-

BE/A = .e Mev
Total BE of
6
C
12

= 12 x 7.68 Mev
= 92.16 Mev
Binding Energy of a neutron = = BE of
e
C
:1
--BE of
e
C
:z

= 97.11 92.16 = 4.95 MeV

e. Calculate the energy released in the following reaction

1
Li
e
+
c
n
:

z
He
4
+
:
H
1

Given Mass of
1
Li
e
= 6.015126 amu
Mass of
c
n
:
= 1.008665 amu
Mass of
z
He
4
= 4.002604 amu
Mass of
:
H
1
= 3.016049 amu
. Mass of the reactants =?
Mass of
1
Li
e
= 6.015126 amu
Mass of
c
n
:
= 1.008665 amu +

7.023791 amu

Mass of
z
He
4
= 4.002604 amu
Mass of
:
H
1
= 3.016049 amu

7.018653

Mass Defect m = Mass of the reactants - Mass of the products
m = 7.023791 - 7.018653
m = 0.005138 amu
Energy released in the reaction = m x 931 MeV
= 0.005138 x 931 MeV
E= 4.783 MeV






www.kalvisolai.com
20 20 20 20

57. Calculate the energy released in the reaction
:1
AI
z
+
:
H
z

:z
Mg
z
+
z
He
|


Mass of
:1
AI
z
= 26.981535 amu
Mass of
:
H
z
= 2.014102 amu
Mass of
:z
Mg
z
= 24.98584amu
Mass of
z
He
|
= 4.002604 amu
Energy related in the reaction = ?
Mass of reactants
:1
AI
z
+
:
H
z
= 26.981535 +2.014102
= 28.995637 amu
Mass of products
:z
Mg
z
+
z
He
|
= 24.98584 + 4.002604
= 28.988444 amu
Mass of defect = Mass of reactions - Mass of Products
m = 0.007193
Energy released in the reaction E = m x 931 MeV
= 0.007193 X 931 MeV
E = 6.696 Mev
58. A transistor is connected in CE configuration. The voltage drop across the load
resistance (Rc) 1 k is eV. Find the basic current. The current gain of the transistor
is 0.97 [June - zc:c]
= 0.97 Rc = 3K
V
CE
= 6V I
B
=?
I
c
= V
CE
/ Rc
= 6 / 3 x 10
3

= 2x 10
-3
A
= / (1 - )
= 0.97 / (1 - 0.97)
= 0.97 /0.03
= 32.33
= I
c
/ I
B

I
B
= I
c
/
= 2 x 10
-3

/ 32.33
= 0.0618 x

10
-3

I
B
= 61.8 x 10
-6
A
I
B
= 61.8 A
59.. A 10 MH
z
Sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude :c mv is modulated by Kz
sinusoidal audio signal wave of amplitude e mV. Find this frequency components of the
resultant modulated wave and their amplitude [March. zc::]
Frequency of the carrier ( f
c
) = 10MH
z

Frequency of signal ( f
s
) = 5 KH
z
= 0.005 MH
z

Amplitude of the signal = 6 mV
Amplitude of the carrier Signal = 10 mV
Frequency components of Modulated Wave = ?
Amplitude of the components in the modulated wave = ?
Upper side band frequency f
c
+ f
s
= 10+0.005

= 10.005MH
z
Lower side band frequency = f
c
- f
c
= 10 - 0.005

= 9.955MH
z
The Modulation Factor m = E
s
/ E
c
= 6 / 10
= 0.6

Amplitude of USB = Amplitude of LSB = mE
c
/ 2 = (0.6 x 10 ) / 2 = 3 mV


T.Thamaraiselvan,
Cell: 9443645072
www.kalvisolai.com