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Equations of Equilibrium (2D) : 440:221 Intro To Engineering Mechanics: Statics

This document contains lecture slides for a course on engineering mechanics statics. The slides discuss the equations of equilibrium for rigid bodies in two dimensions and how to solve equilibrium problems. Key points covered include: - The three equations that must equal zero for a body in 2D equilibrium: the sum of forces in the x and y directions and the sum of moments about any point. - Recognizing two-force members that simplify problems by defining the resultant forces. - The steps to take to solve equilibrium problems, including drawing free body diagrams and applying the equations of equilibrium. - Important notes on determining if a problem is statically indeterminate and the order of applying equations. - Worked examples of solving

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Vatsal Pandya
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121 views21 pages

Equations of Equilibrium (2D) : 440:221 Intro To Engineering Mechanics: Statics

This document contains lecture slides for a course on engineering mechanics statics. The slides discuss the equations of equilibrium for rigid bodies in two dimensions and how to solve equilibrium problems. Key points covered include: - The three equations that must equal zero for a body in 2D equilibrium: the sum of forces in the x and y directions and the sum of moments about any point. - Recognizing two-force members that simplify problems by defining the resultant forces. - The steps to take to solve equilibrium problems, including drawing free body diagrams and applying the equations of equilibrium. - Important notes on determining if a problem is statically indeterminate and the order of applying equations. - Worked examples of solving

Uploaded by

Vatsal Pandya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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440:221 Intro to Engineering Mechanics: Statics

Alberto Cuitino, Heather Emady, Sara Salahi, Bereket Yohannes Instructors Juan Ren, Jingjin Xie

Lecture 10 Equations of Equilibrium (2D)


Spring 2014
Based on Textbook Material: Engineering Mechanics Statics, R.C. Hibbeler, Pearson 2010.

Assistants

440:221 Lectures

Equilibrium of a RIGID BODY

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440:221 Lectures

Equations of Equilibrium (rigid body 2D)


A body is subjected to a system of forces that lie in the x-y plane. When in equilibrium, the net force and net moment acting on the body are zero. This 2-D condition can be represented by the three scalar equations: Fx = 0 Fy = 0 MO = 0

where point O is any arbitrary point. Please note that these equations are the ones most commonly used for solving 2-D equilibrium problems.

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440:221 Lectures

Equations of Equilibrium (rigid body 2D)


There are two other sets of equilibrium equations less frequently used:

Standard Set

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440:221 Lectures

Two- and three- force members


The solution to some equilibrium problems can be simplified if we recognize members that are subjected to forces at only two points (e.g., at points A and B).

If we apply the equations of equilibrium to such a member, we can quickly determine that the resultant forces at A and B must be equal in magnitude and act in the opposite directions along the line joining points A and B.
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440:221 Lectures

Example of a two-force member

In the cases above, members AB can be considered as two-force members, provided that their weight is neglected. This fact simplifies the equilibrium analysis of some rigid bodies since the directions of the resultant forces at A and B are thus known (along the line joining points A and B).

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Steps for solving problems


1. If not given, establish a suitable x - y coordinate system.

2. Draw a free body diagram (FBD) of the object under analysis.

3. Apply the three equations of equilibrium (E-of-E) to solve for the unknowns.

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Important notes
1. If there are more unknowns than the number of independent equations, then we have a statically indeterminate situation. We cannot solve these problems using just statics. 2. The order in which we apply equations may affect the simplicity of the solution. For example, if we have two unknown vertical forces and one unknown horizontal force, then solving FX = 0 first allows us to find the horizontal unknown quickly. 3. If the answer for an unknown comes out as negative number, then the sense (direction) of the unknown force is opposite to that assumed when starting the problem.

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440:221 Lectures

Example
Given: The 4kN load at B of the beam is supported by pins at A and C . Find: Plan: The support reactions at A and C.

1. Put the x and y axes in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. 2. Determine if there are any two-force members. 3. Draw a complete FBD of the boom. 4. Apply the E-of-E to solve for the unknowns.
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Example (cont.)
FBD of the beam: AY AX A
45

1.5 m

1.5 m

4 kN

C FC

Note: Upon recognizing CD as a two-force member, the number of unknowns at C are reduced from two to one. Now, using E-o-f E, we get, + MA = FC sin 45 1.5 4 3 = 0 Fc = 11.31 kN or 11.3 kN + FX = AX + 11.31 cos 45 = 0; + FY = AY + 11.31 sin 45 4 = 0; AX = 8.00 kN AY = 4.00 kN

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Note that the negative signs means that the reactions have the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.

440:221 Lectures

Example (cont.)
FBD of the beam: AY AX A
45

FBD of the beam:


4 kN

1.5 m

1.5 m

AY AX A

1.5 m
45

1.5 m

4 kN

C FC

C FC

Fc = Ay =

11.3 kN

Fc = AX = Ay =

11.3 kN + 8.00 kN + 4.00 kN

AX = 8.00 kN 4.00 kN

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440:221 Lectures

Concept Quiz
1. For this beam, how many support reactions are there and is the problem statically determinate? A) (2, Yes) B) (2, No) C) (3, Yes) D) (3, No) F F F

D)
2. The beam AB is loaded and supported as shown: a) how many support reactions are there on the beam, b) is this problem statically determinate, and c) is the structure stable? A A) (4, Yes, No) B) (4, No, Yes) C) (5, Yes, No) D) (5, No, Yes)

Fixed support

F B

B)
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440:221 Lectures

Example 2
Given: The jib crane is supported by a pin at C and rod AB. The load has a mass of 2000 kg with its center of mass located at G. Assume x = 5 m. Find: Support reactions at B and C. Plan: a) Establish the x y axes. b) Draw a complete FBD of the jib crane beam. c) Apply the E-of-E to solve for the unknowns.
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440:221 Lectures

Example 2 (cont.)
FAB
4 5 3

Cx Cy

4 m

0.2 m

2000(9.81) N FBD of the beam

5 m

First write a moment equation about Point C. Why point C?


+ MC = (3 / 5) FAB 4 + (4 / 5) FAB 0.2 2000(9.81) 5 = 0 FAB = 38320 N = 38.3 kN
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440:221 Lectures

Example 2 (cont.)
FAB 4m
5 4 3

Cx Cy

0.2 m

5m

2000(9.81) N

FBD of the beam

FAB = 38320 N = 38.3 kN Now solve the FX and FY equations.


+ FX = Cx + (4 / 5) 38320 = 0 FY = Cy + (3 / 5) 38320 2000(9.81) = 0

Solving these two equations, we get Cx = of 30656 N or 30.7 School Engineering, Spring 2014kN and Cy = 3372 N or 33.7 kN

440:221 Lectures

Final Questions
1. Which equation of equilibrium allows you to determine FB right away? A) FX = 0 C) MA = 0 B) FY = 0 D) Any one of the above. AY 2. A beam is supported by a pin joint and a roller. How many support reactions are there and is the structure stable for all types of loadings? A) (3, Yes) B) (3, No) FB AX A B

100 lb

C)

C) (4, Yes) D) (4, No)


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B)

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Take-home message
Be organized Draw FBD Check for two- and three-force members

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