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    Drug Related Problems

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    Christine Gan
    This document defines drug-related problems and outlines the systematic approach pharmacists use to identify, solve, and prevent them. It defines drug-related problems, distinguishes them from medical problems, and categorizes them as actual or potential issues. The document also describes the eight categories of drug-related problems, their causes, and the steps in the systematic approach: 1) identifying actual and potential problems, 2) determining therapeutic outcomes, 3) assessing treatment plans, 4) designing solutions, 5) communicating plans, 6) monitoring, 7) recognizing new problems, and 8) responding to issues.

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    Drug Related Problems

    Uploaded by

    Christine Gan
    217 views25 pages
    This document defines drug-related problems and outlines the systematic approach pharmacists use to identify, solve, and prevent them. It defines drug-related problems, distinguishes them from medical problems, and categorizes them as actual or potential issues. The document also describes the eight categories of drug-related problems, their causes, and the steps in the systematic approach: 1) identifying actual and potential problems, 2) determining therapeutic outcomes, 3) assessing treatment plans, 4) designing solutions, 5) communicating plans, 6) monitoring, 7) recognizing new problems, and 8) responding to issues.

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    This document defines drug-related problems and outlines the systematic approach pharmacists use to identify, solve, and prevent them. It defines drug-related problems, distinguishes them from medical problems, and categorizes them as actual or potential issues. The document also describes the eight categories of drug-related problems, their causes, and the steps in the systematic approach: 1) identifying actual and potential problems, 2) determining therapeutic outcomes, 3) assessing treatment plans, 4) designing solutions, 5) communicating plans, 6) monitoring, 7) recognizing new problems, and 8) responding to issues.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    217 views25 pages

    Drug Related Problems

    Uploaded by

    Christine Gan
    This document defines drug-related problems and outlines the systematic approach pharmacists use to identify, solve, and prevent them. It defines drug-related problems, distinguishes them from medical problems, and categorizes them as actual or potential issues. The document also describes the eight categories of drug-related problems, their causes, and the steps in the systematic approach: 1) identifying actual and potential problems, 2) determining therapeutic outcomes, 3) assessing treatment plans, 4) designing solutions, 5) communicating plans, 6) monitoring, 7) recognizing new problems, and 8) responding to issues.

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    PP 173: DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS

    On successful completion of the topic, the students should be able to:


    define the term drug-related problems. differentiate between medical and drugrelated problems. discuss the distinction between actual and potential drug-related problems. discuss the various types of drug-related problems and its causes. discuss the systematic approach to identify, solve, and prevent DRPs

    Definition of drug-related problems


    A drug-related problem in any event or circumstance involving drug treatment that interferes or potentially interferes with the patient achieving an optimum outcome of medical care.

    Medical problems
    Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled T2DM Infected wound Vomiting Intractable seizures Acute bronchitis Community acquired pneumonia Dyslipidemia

    Difference between medical & DRPs


    DRPs include A drug A problem An association between the drug, the problem and the patient. E.g. The patient is experiencing ineffective control of blood pressure due to a subtherapeutic daily dose of propranolol

    Distinction between actual and potential drug-related problems


    Potential DRPs Have not manifested but possibly influence outcome
    Avoidable Non-avoidable

    Actual DRP Manifest and influencing outcomes

    Types of drug-related problems


    8 categories of DRPs; Indication for drug therapy Inappropriate drug selection Too low a dose Too high a dose Adverse drug reactions Noncompliance Drug interactions Unnecessary drug therapy

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Indication for drug therapy
    Untreated indication Synergistic/potentiating therapy Prophylactic/preventive therapy

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Inappropriate drug selection
    Contraindication present More cost-effective therapy available More effective therapy available Onset of action is inappropriate Patient is refractory

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Too low a dose
    Incorrect dose Inappropriate dosing interval

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Too high a dose
    Incorrect dose Inappropriate dosing interval

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Adverse drug reactions
    Not safest therapy Allergic reaction Toxic reaction Idiopathic adverse reaction Known adverse reaction

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Drug interactions
    Drug-drug interaction Drug-food interaction Drug-disease interaction Drug-laboratory interaction

    Types of DRPs & its causes


    Unnecessary drug therapy
    No medical indication Duplicate therapy Chronic medication for acute indication Non-drug therapy indicated Social/recreational drugs

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 1. Identification of (A/P) DRP
    Describe the current/potential undesirable S+Sx [after collecting pertinent patient info ] Match the drugs to the indications/medical problems

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 1. Identification of (A/P) DRP
    Determine if these undesirable S+Sx are being caused by a drug the patient is taking/not taking

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs


    2. Determination of the desired therapeutic outcome
    Primary outcomes Cure of disease Reduction/elimination of symptoms Arresting/slowing of the disease progression Preventing a disease/symptom

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs


    Other important outcomes Not complicating/aggravating other existing disease states Avoiding/minimizing adverse effects of treatment Providing cost-effective therapy Maintaining patients QoL

    2. Determination of the desired therapeutic outcome

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 3. Assess therapeutic plan
    Determine if there are undesirable S+Sx requires treatment Determine if the there are potential undesirable S+Sx requires treatment

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs


    Drug need to be added Drug need to be changed Dose need to be changed Dosage form need to be changed Interval/duration need to be changed Drug need to be discontinued Drug not to be dispensed Counselling/medical information need to be provided

    4. Design plan

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 5. Dispense and communicate
    Document the work actually done by the pharmacist to achieve the goals listed E.g.; The patient was counselled on the appropriate use of propranolol for anti-hypertensive therapy

    Consists of a scheduled plan which is agreed upon by the patient & the pharmacist E.g.; The patient will be called in 7 days to evaluate efficacy of anti-hypertensive medication, presence or absence of adverse effects and compliance with therapy. Include outcome indicators ; SBP 110-160mmHg & no incidence of nausea, dizziness or orthostatic hypotension

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 6. Implement monitoring plan

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs 7. Recognise problem Any new problem?

    Systematic approach to identify, solve & prevent DRPs

    8. Respond to problem
    Start a new cycle

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