STUDIUM JZYKW OBCYCH

POLITECHNIKI DZKIEJ

2011/2012


English for Mathematics

a short course for engineering students



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English fo M!"h#$!"i%s
a short course for engineering students
NUMBE&S'NUMBE&S'NUMBE&S'NUMBE&S'
I. When do we use the word number and when do we use the word numeral?
Co$(l#"# "h# "#)" *i"h "h# !((o(i!"# *o+,
A n---------- is an abstract entity that represents a count or measurement. In
mathematics, the definition of a number has extended to include fractions, negatie,
irrational, transcendental and complex n!!!!!!!!!!!!s.
A n----------- is a symbol or group of symbols, or a "ord in a natural language that
represents a n!!!!!!!!!!!!. #!!!!!!!!!!!!s differ from n!!!!!!!!!!s $ust li%e "ords
differ from the things they refer to. &he symbols '11(, 'eleen( and ')I( are different
n!!!!!!!!!!s, all representing the same n!!!!!!!!!!!. In common usage, n!!!!!!!!!!!s
are often used as labels *e.g. road, telephone and house numbering+, as indicators of order
*serial n!!!!!!!!!!s+, and as codes *I,-#+
*Adapted from English for Mathematics+
II, &#!+ "h# s#n"#n%#s %!#f.ll/, P!/ %los# !""#n"ion "o "h# n.$0#s in 0!%1#"s,
Us# "h# (o(# fo$ of ! n.$#!l in #!%h s#n"#n%# !%%o+ing "o "h# %on"#)",
1+ .adar "as first used in /orld /ar *2+.
2+ I hae a train to catch at *12012+.
3+ Eli4abeth *2+ comes from the 5ouse of /indsor.
1+ I "as born on 6une *3+, *1789+
9+ -en(s telephone number is *209271+
:+ In the last match England beat ;oland *200+.
8+ 6ohn McEnroe "as leading *3000+ in the *2+ game of the *1+ set "hen the match "as
bro%en off due to a thunderstorm.
2+ &he dictionary costs *<22.90+
7+ =&he match is being "atched by *28,172+ spectators,> said the oice from the
loudspea%ers.
10+ &he temperature in Italy rarely falls belo" *0+.
11+ ?hris saes *1/2+ of his poc%et money for summer holidays.

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12+ &he area of ?anada is *3,291,870+ s@uare miles.
13+ 5allo"een is obsered on Actober *31+ and &han%sgiing on the *1+ &hursday of
#oember.
11+ About *3/9+ of energy produced in the B,A comes from coal and crude oil.
19+ If you "ant to pass this test, *91C+ of your ans"ers must be right.
1:+ ;elican Air"ays are sorry to announce that flight no. *003+ to Auagadougou is
cancelled today because of a dust storm.
18+ A meter is e@ual to *0.7111+ yards.
12+ =Apen your boo%s to page *381+,> as%ed the teacher.
17+ &he Earth(s olume is about *0.000003+ of the ,un(s olume.
20+ &his hotel "as built in the *1730+(s.
21+ ;oland(s foreign debts amount to *10,000,000,000+ dollars.
22+ Dou need a *12+ eggs to ma%e this layer ca%e.
23+ &he signature time of a "alt4 is *3/1+.
21+ After the accident, -urt spent *102+ days in hospital.
29+ My school is about *2 E+ miles from my house.
2:+ 5enry *2+ reigned in the *1+ *1/2+ of the *1:+ century.
28+ 3
2
F 7
22+ G7 F 3
27+ : H 3 F 7
30+ 7 I 3 F :
31+ 10 0 2 F 9
32+ 9 x 2 F 10
33+ log
8
17 F 2
31+ 1J F 21
39+ E F mc
2

3:+ #a
2
A H 5
2
A K 2#aA5
38+ 6anice is *9(1>+ tall.
32+ &he score is *19019+ and Agassi is on his *2+ serice.
37+ &he B,A "on the *1x100+ relay race in ,eoul.
10+ About *2+ *20+ spea%ers too% part in the parliamentary debate on national defence.
*by &omas4 Lasper+


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III, Lis"#n !n+ *i"# +o*n "h# n.$0#s "h!" /o. h#! in "h# follo*ing s#n"#n%#s,
E!%h s#n"#n%# is #(#!"#+ "*i%#,

1. ?urrent research sho"s that !!!!!!!!!!! Americans stop smo%ing each year.
2. ?ould you gie 6ac% a call at !!!!!!!!!!! M
3. /eNre thin%ing about getting a house. ?urrently, the aerage mortgage is about
!!!!!!!!!!!!.
1. !!!!!!!!!!!! ne" $obs hae been created in the high tech sector oer the past
!!!!!!!!!!!! years.
9. 6ane is celebrating her !!!!!!!!!! birthday next MondayJ
:. !!!!!!!!!!! of all Americans eat a hamburger at least once a "ee%.
8. &he density of hydrogen is !!!!!!!!!!!! in that compound.
2. ,o, "hat time shall "e get together next "ee%M /hat do you say if "e meet for lunch
at !!!!!!!!!!!!! .
7. ,tatistics sho" that flossing !!!!!!!!!! a day can greatly improe general dental
hygiene.
10. /all ,treet closed up !!!!!!!!!!!!! .
*Orom http0//esl.about.com/library/listening/blnumbers1.htm+
I2, Lis"#n !n+ *i"# +o*n "h# n.$0#s "h!" /o. h#! in "h# follo*ing s#n"#n%#s,
E!%h s#n"#n%# is #(#!"#+ "*i%#,

1. ;arsifal "as first premiered at -ayreuth in !!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
2. OredNs Affice ,upplies turned an incredible profit of !!!!!!!!!!!! in this past
@uarter.
3. INm sure you "ill find that the A&B !!!!!!!!!!!!!! is a remar%able machine.
1. Athletes from oer !!!!!!!!!!!! countries "ill be participating in the next meeting
to be held on the !!!!!!!!!! of ,eptember.
9. ;eter "on the bean counting contest "ith a guess of !!!!!!!!!!!! beans.
:. &iger /oods shot an incredible !!!!!!!!!!!!! under par on the bac% !!!!!!!!! .
8. -y the time of his death in !!!!!!!!!!!!, .oger Oran%line had accumulated oer
!!!!!!!!!!!! patents.
2. It is estimated that the ne" tax reform "ill cost the goernment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
7. 5is ne" computer coo%sJ 5eNs got !!!!!!!!!!! Mb .am "ith a !!!!!!!!!!!!! Mh4
processor.
10. .elaxJ &here are !!!!!!!!!!!!!miles left to go.
*Orom http0//esl.about.com/library/listening/blnumbers2.htm+


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B3SIC OPE&3TIONS
3DDITION

4 5 6 7 89


addend addend sum

SYMBOLS WO&DS
8 H : F 13 &he sum of 8 and : is 13
2 H 7 H : F 23 &he total of 2, 7 and : is 23
1 H 8 &he number 1 increased by 8
x H 1 F 13 1 more than x is 13
a + b = c a plus b e@uals c
a + b = c a add b e@uals c

A shortcut for adding is called %!/ing. It inoles three steps0
1. /rite the problem :#"i%!ll/ and lin# .( numbers "ith the same (l!%# :!l.#.
2. Add the numbers in each column separately moing from the right to the left.
3. If the sum of any column is greater than 7, (." +o*n the appropriate digit in the
ones place and %!/ the other digit to the next column to the left.

E)!$(l#; 177 7 H 2 H 9 F 22
92 ;ut do"n 2. ?arry 2 to the tens place.
H 89 2 H 7 H 9 H 8 F 23
;ut do"n 3. ?arry 2 to the hundreds place.
&he sum is 332.

I, <ill in $issing *o+s in "h# #)!$(l# of long !++i"ion gi:#n 0#lo*,
S"#( 8 8469
5=>?
S"#( @ 9 5 ? 7 >
&he !!!!!!!!!!!!! of 1 and 9 e@uals 7.
S"#( A 6 5 > 7 8=
&he number 2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!! by 7 is 18. !!!!!!!!!!! do"n 8. !!!!!!!!!!
1 to the hundreds place.
4 5 = 5 8 7 89
&he !!!!!!!!!! of :, 8 and 1 is 11. !!!!!!!!!! do"n 1. !!!!!!!!!!! 1 to
the !!!!!!!!!! place. &he final !!!!!!!!! is 2187.
*Adapted from English for Mathematics+


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B3SIC OPE&3TIONS
SUBT&3CTION

> B A 7 4


minuend subtrahend difference

SYMBOLS WO&DS
7 P 3 F : &he difference bet"een 7 and 3 is :
13 P 1 13 decreased by 1
18 P 7 F 2 7 from 18 is 2
x P 9 F 7 9 less than x is 7
b a ,ubtract a from b

A shortcut for subtracting is called 0oo*ing. It inoles three steps0
1. /rite the problem :#"i%!ll/ and lin# .( numbers "ith the same (l!%# :!l.#.
2. ,ubtract the numbers in each column separately moing from the right to the left
3. If the digit in the minuend is less than the digit that has the same place alue in
the subtrahend, re"rite the minuend by borro"ing 1 from the digit immediately
to the left of the smaller digit and adding 10 to the smaller digit.

Example0 :2 ,ince in the ones column 2 Q 8, "e must borro".
I 38 ,ince 1 ten F 10 ones, borro" 1 from : in the tens
column to get 9 tens, and add 10 to the 2 in the ones
column to get 9 ones.
,ubtract 12 P 8 F 9
,ubtract 9 P 3 F 2
&he result is 29.

I, <ill in "h# $issing *o+s in "h# #)!$(l# of long s.0"!%"ion gi:#n 0#lo*,

S"#( 8 8A4?
C >=6


D

@ ?
S"#( @ !n+ A 8
8
A
8
4
8
?
C > = 6
A 6 =

,ince in the ones column 9 Q 2, !!!!!!!! 1 from the : in the !!!!!!!!!! column to get
9 tens. !!!!!!!!!! 10 to the 9 in the ones column. !!!!!!!!! 2 from 19. 19 P 2 F 8.

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/e are no" left "ith 9 in the tens column. ,ince in the tens column 9 Q 8, !!!!!!!!!! 1
from the !!!!!!!! column to get 2 hundreds. !!!!!!!! 10 to the 9 in the tens column.
!!!!!!!!! 8 from 19.

,ince in the hundreds column 2 Q7, !!!!!!!!! 1 from the !!!!!!!!! column. ,ince 1
thousand F 10 hundreds, !!!!!!!!! 10 to the 2 in the hundreds column. &he final result
is 328.

E)#%is#s;
/rite the follo"ing problems ertically and gie stepIbyIstep instructions for0
!E 73: H :29
0E 3: H 28 H 12
and fill in the missing "ords in the instructions for subtraction0
%E 1001 P 238
,ince 1 Q 8, !!!!!!!!!! 1 from the tens column. Det, the tens column is 4ero, so "e
moe to the hundreds column and finally to the thousands column. /e hae to borro" 1
!!!!!!!!!F 10 hundreds F 10 x 10 tens. #o", "e are able to borro" from the
!!!!!!!!! column.
11 P 8 F 8
11 !!!!!!!!!! by 8 e@uals 8.
In the tens column, "e are no" left "ith 7.
7 P 3 F :
3 !!!!!!!!! than 7 is :.
In the hundreds column, "e are no" left "ith 7 units, too.
7 P 2 F 8
2 !!!!!!!!! 7 is 8.
In the thousands column, "e are no" left "ith 0.
&he final !!!!!!!!!!! is 8:8.
?hec% the result by !!!!!!!!!!!! the !!!!!!!!!!!!! to the subtrahend.
#o", follo" the example aboe and do the same for0
+E 392 P 222
#E 813 P 121 *Adapted from English for Mathematics+




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B3SIC OPE&3TIONS
MBR&I;RI?A&IA#
8 x 2 F 9:


multiplier multiplicand product

factors

If the multiplication problem is "ritten ertically, by conention, the larger number is
considered the multiplicand and "ritten on top.
SYMBOLS WO&DS
2 x 8
2 multiplied by 8
2 times 8
&he product of 2 and 8
&o multiply "hole numbers0
1. /rite the problem ertically and place the number "ith the longer number digit on
top and the smaller belo" it.
2. Multiply each digit of the top number *multiplicand+ by the ones digit in the bottom
number *multiplier+, moing from right to left.
3. Oor a product that #)%##+s 7, carry the igh"$os" +igi" to the next column on the left
and "rite it aboe the multiplicand. ?irculate the next product and be sure to add to
that product the digit that "as carried.
1. Multiply each digit in the multiplicand by the next digit to the left in the multiplier.
;lace each product under the preiously calculated one, but +is(l!%#+ one column to
the left.
9. .epeat step 1 for all remaining digits in the multiplier.
:. Add the products to get the final result.
I, Sol:# "h# $.l"i(li%!"ion (o0l#$ !n+ %o$(l#"# "h# $issing *o+s in "h#
ins".%"ions,
329 x :2 F M
Multiply 329 by 2.
2 x 9 F 10 ;ut !!!!!!!! 0, carry 1.
2 x 2 F 1: 1: H 1 F 20 !!!!!!!!!!! 0, carry 2.
2 x 3 F 21 21 H 2 F 2: !!!!!!!!!!! 2:.
!!!!!!!!!!! 329 !!!!!!!:.
: x 9 F 30 !!!!!!!!!!! 0, !!!!!!!! 3.
: x 2 F 12 12 H 3 F 19 !!!!!!!!!!! 9, !!!!!!!! 1.
: x 3 F 12 12 H 1 F 17 !!!!!!!!!!! 17.
#o", !!!!!!!!! the products.
&he final result is !!!!!!!!!!!. *Adapted from English for Mathematics+

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B3SIC OPE&3TIONS
SITI,IA#
a : b = c


diidend diisor @uotient

SYMBOLS WO&DS
a : b = c a diided by b e@uals c
a/b a oer b
a/b &he @uotient of a and b
If you "ant to diide 31 by 1, "rite the problem as sho"n.
!!!!!!!! @uotient
31 0 1
&hin% "hat biggest integer multiplied by 1 "ill gie a product less than or e@ual to 31.
It is 8. /rite 8 in the space for the @uotient.
Multiply 8 x 1 F 22.
,ubtract 22 from 31. 31 P 22 F 3, the #$!in+#.
&he @uotient is 8, the remainder is 3.

I, Co$(l#"# "h# ins".%"ion fo sol:ing -------- FG.o"i#n"E .sing "h# *o+s
A4> ; =
fo$ "h# 0o), Th## !# $o# *o+s "h!n n#%#ss!/,

;RA?ES U VBA&IE#& U .EMAI#SE. U A-ATE U SITI,A. U VBA&IE#& U #BM-E.
-.ABW5& U ,B-&.A?&ES U .IW5& U SITI,A. U SITISE#S U .E,BR& U ,B-&.A?&ES

Siision starts from the left of the !!!!!!!!!!!!!, and the !!!!!!!!!!!! is "ritten on
the line aboe. ,tart from the left, the diisor is diided into the first digit or set of digits
it diides into. In this case, 8 is diided into 3:, the !!!!!!!!!! is 9, "hich is placed
aboe :. It is then multiplied by the !!!!!!!!!!! and the product is !!!!!!!!!!! from
the set of digits in the diidend first selected. 9 x 8 e@uals 39, 39 subtracted from 3:
e@uals 1. &he next digit to the !!!!!!!!!!! in the diidend is them brought do"n and
the diisor is diided into this number. 5ere, 7 is brought do"n and the diisor is diided
into 17, the result is 2, "hich is placed !!!!!!!!!! the 8. &he result is multiplied by the
!!!!!!!!!!!! and the product is !!!!!!!!!!!! from the last number used in diision.
8 x 2 F 11X 11 subtracted from 17 e@uals 9. &his process is repeated until all digits in the
diidend hae been !!!!!!!!!!! do"n. &he result of the last subtraction is the
!!!!!!!!!!. &he number placed aboe the diidend is the !!!!!!!!!!!.
*Adapted from English for Mathematics+


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HIE&3&CHY O< M3THEM3TIC3L OPE&3TIONS

Most mathematical operations0 addition, subtraction, multiplication and diision are
normally (#fo$#+ in a particular order or s#G.#n%#. Multiplication and diision are
done (io "o addition and subtraction. Bsually, mathematical operations are performed
from left to right. &he use of parentheses is common to s#" !(!" operations to be
performed in a certain order.


I, Co$(l#"# "h# ins".%"ions fo sol:ing #G.!"ions *i"h "h# *o+s fo$ "h# 0o),
Th## !# $o# *o+s "h!n /o. n##+,

*1 x 2+ H *3 H 2+ H
(5+3)
2
F M

AB&,ISE U -EOA.E U ARR U I#,ISE U ;.IA. U A;E.A&IA#, U MATE

1. !!!!!!!!!!! from left to right "ithin the e@uation and "ithin the set of parentheses
2. Oirst, perform all !!!!!!!!!!! "ithin the parentheses.
1 x 2 F 2
3 H 2 F 9
(5+3)
2
=
8
2
= 4 Addition of 9 and 3 "as performed !!!!!!!!!! to diision.
3. ;erform !!!!!!!! operations !!!!!!!!! the parentheses. Moe from left to right.
2 H 9 H 1 F 18

II, Sol:# "h# #G.!"ion HA ) F@ 5 9E B ? 5 @I ) A,
M!"%h "h# o(#!"ions *i"h "h#i +#s%i("ions,

1. 2 H 1 F :
2. *3 x : P 9 H 2+ x 3
3. *12 P 9 H 2+ x 3 F *12 P 3+ x 3 F 19 x 3
1. 19 x 3 F 19

a+ ;erform multiplication outside the brac%ets. !!!!!
b+ .e"rite the e@uation. !!!!!
c+ ;erform operations in the innermost set of parentheses. !!!!!
d+ ;erform multiplication prior to addition and subtraction "ithin the brac%ets. !!!!!




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B&3CKETS

YZ P braces, curly brac%ets
[\ P s@uare brac%ets, brac%ets
*+ P parentheses *sing parenthesis+, round brac%ets
Q] I angle brac%ets

&he "ord brac%et is commonly used to mean any brac%et if there is only
one set of brac%ets inoled.

III, &#%ons".%" "h# .l#s, Th## is !l*!/s on# *o+ /o. +o no" n##+,
1. E)(!n+ing 0!%1#"s, or remoing brac%ets, is "riting an !!!!!!!!!!! such as 3*x H 2+
in an !!!!!!!!!!! form, in this case 3x H :, !!!!!!!!! any brac%ets.
EVBITARE#&, /I&5AB&, ,IMIRA., E);.E,,IA#
2. To $.l"i(l/ o." a !!!!!!!!!!! of brac%ets, for example *x H 9+*x H 10+, each
!!!!!!!!!! in the second brac%et is multiplied !!!!!!!!!! the first brac%et.
&E.M, ;AI., AWAI#,&, ATE.
3. In the expression 1*2 H 3+, "e say that 1 !!!!!!!!!!!! both the 0!%1#"#+ n.$0#s
or 1 !!!!!!!!!!!! itself !!!!!!!!!!! 2 and 3.
MBR&I;RIE,, ATE., SI,&.I-B&E,, MBR&I;RIES
1. /e can !!!!!!!!!!! expressions n#s"#+ in arious sets of brac%ets. In order to do
that "e hae to !!!!!!!!!! from the !!!!!!!!! out.
/A.L, I#,ISE, A?&, ,IM;RIOD
9. &o %eep our notation easy to understand, "e follo" the !!!!!!!!!! that "or%ing
from the inside out, "e "rite the !!!!!!!!!!! in parentheses, then in brac%ets, and
then in !!!!!!!!!!!.
-.A?E,, .AB#S -.A?LE&,, E);.E,,IA#,, ?A#TE#&IA#
:. &o f!%"oiJ# 8*3 H x+, the common !!!!!!!!!!! must be "ritten !!!!!!!!!! the
brac%eted !!!!!!!!, in other "ords, it has to be "!1#n o." of "h# 0!%1#"s.
VBA&IE#&, AB&,ISE, OA?&A., &E.M

I2, Sol:# "h# #G.!"ion !n+ #%ons".%" "h# .l#s,

[*9 P 3+ H *1 x 3+ P *2 0 1+\ 0 2 F M

1. ;erform math operations !!!! each set of parentheses.
2. ;erform addition and subtraction !!!! left !!!! right.
3. ;erform diision !!!!! the brac%ets.



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2, Co$(l#"# "h# %oss*o+,
1
2
3
1
9
:
8
2
7
10
11
12
13
11
19
1:
18
12
17

1. [^\
2. a plus b
3. Q
1. ^ system
9. a x b
:. a times b
7. a + b + d = c
!. a decreased by b
7. *^+
10. &he number that diides
11. &he result of 4
12. a P b
13. nought
11. the number remaining after the
procedure of 8= is completed
19. the result of 8=
1:. the result of 6
18. a diided by b
12. the number diided into another
number
17. the result of @
/hat is the phrase in the ertical columnM *Adapted from English for Mathematics+

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<&3CTIONSK &OOTS 3ND POWE&S

A manufacturer is thin%ing about giing both $#"i% measurements *for example,
millimetres+ and i$(#i!l measurements *for example, inches+ in its product
specifications. Ane of the company(s engineers is giing his opinion on the idea in a
meeting.
"#ne $roblem is% when &ou con'ert from metric to im$erial &ou no longer ha'e whole
numbers &ou get long decimal numbers. (or exam$le% one millimetre is nought point
nought three nine three seven inches as a decimal. )o to be manageable% decimals ha'e to
be rounded up or down. *ou+d $robabl& round u$ that number to two decimal places% to gi'e
&ou zero point zero four. ,ow% &ou might sa& the difference is negligible it+s so small it+s
not going to affect an&thing. -ut e'en if it+s .ust a tin& fraction of a unit one hundredth of
an inch /0/0112% or one thousandth of an inch /0/01112 and those numbers are then used in
calculations% the rounding error can 'er& 3uic4l& add u$ to gi'e bigger inaccuracies.+
0 mm = 1.15657 inches 7 1.18 inches

I, Wi"# "h# n.$0#s in *o+s,
1.
1
2
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^..
2. 3.0192 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.
3.
1
4
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.
1.
1
7
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.
9.
16
12
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.
:. 0.29 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
8.
2
3
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2. 0.16

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

II, Co$(l#"# "h# +#s%i("ions of "h# n.$0#s .sing *o+s fo$ "h# "#)" !0o:#,
1. 0.29 F _ &he first number is a decimal, and the second is a ^^^^^^^. .
2. 0.:3:2 ` 0.:38 &he second number is ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^.. to three
^^^^^^^. ^^^^^^^. .
3. 8.9282 ` 8.9 &he second number is ^^^^^^^.. ^^^^^^^^ to one
^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^. .
1. 2, 2:, 191 &he numbers aren(t fractions or decimals.
&hey(re ^^^^^^^^. numbers.
9. Error0 0.00001C &he error is so small that it(s ^^^^^^^^^... .
:. 0.92: %g x 7,000 F 9,281 %g
0.97 %g x 7,000 F 9,310 %g &his difference is the result of a ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^.. .
*Adapted from 9rofessional English in :se+


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III, Ho* !# "h#s# :!l.#s s(o1#nL
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q p /
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1. y F ae
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*Adapted from -asic English for )cience+













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&E3DINM M3THEM3TIC3L ENP&ESSIONS

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Lis"#n !n+ #(#!",




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III, P!%"is# #!+ing o." "h# #)(#ssions;
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2. E F
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&#f##n%#s;
Sonoan ;., -asic English for )cience, Axford, AB; 1778.
Ibbotson M., 9rofessional English in :se, ?ambridge, ?ambridge Bniersity ;ress 2007.
Lru%ie"ic4IWace% A., &r4as%a A., English for Mathematics, Lra%", AW5 Bniersity of
,cience and &echnology ;ress 2010.

/ebsites0
""".math"ords.can
""".about.com


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English for Mathematics English for Mathematics English for Mathematics English for Mathematics
Glossary
acute angle kt ostry
add dodawa
addend skadnik sumy
addition dodawanie
adjacent przylegy
angle kt
base podstawa
base-ten system system dziesitkowy
bisector symetralna odcinka, dwusieczna kta
bottom dolny
bracket nawias
broken line linia przerywana
circle okrg, koo
circumcircle okrg opisany
circumference obwd koa
circumscribe about opisa na
common fraction uamek zwyky
common logarithm logarytm zwyky, dziesitny
congruent przystajcy
curve krzywa
decimal fraction uamek dziesitny
denominator mianownik
derivative pochodna
diagonal przektna
diameter rednica
difference rnica
digit cyfra
displace przenosi, przesuwa
divide dzieli


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dividend dzielna
division dzielenie
divisor dzielnik
dotted line linia kropkowana
equation rwnanie
equilateral triangle trjkt rwnoboczny
even numer liczba parzysta
expanded notation zapis w formie rozszerzonej
extract a root wyciga pierwiastek
factor czynnik
factorial silnia
factorize rozkada na czynniki
formula wzr
fraction uamek
greatest common factor/divisor najwikszy wsplny dzielnik
height wysoko
horizontal poziomy
hypotenuse przeciwprostoktna
inequality nierwno
inscribe in wpisa w
integer liczba cakowita
isosceles triangle trjkt rwnoramienny
LCD (the least common denominator) najmniejszy wsplny mianownik
leg przyprostoktna
minuend odjemna
multiplicand mnona
multiplication mnoenie
multiplier mnonik
multiply mnoy
natural number liczba naturalna
naught/nought zero
negative number liczba ujemna
number liczba

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numeral cyfra (np. arabska lub rzymska)
numerator licznik
obtuse angle kt rozwarty
octagon omiokt
odd number liczba nieparzysta
operation dziaanie
ordinal number liczba porzdkowa
parallel rwnolegy
parallelogram rwnolegobok
pentagon - piciokt
perimeter obwd
perpendicular (to) prostopady, wysoko (np. trjkta)
positive number liczba dodatnia
power - potga
prime number liczba pierwsza
product iloczyn
proper fraction uamek waciwy
quotient iloraz
raise a number to a power podnosi liczb do potgi
rational number liczba wymierna
real number liczba rzeczywista
reciprocal wielko odwrotna
rectangle prostokt
recurring decimal uamek dziesitny okresowy
reduce to lowest terms skrci/uproci uamek
remainder reszta
repeating decimal uamek dziesitny okresowy
rhomboid rwnolegobok
rhombus romb
right angle kt prosty
root pierwiastek
round zaokrgli (np. liczb)
satisfy an equation speni rwnanie


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semi-circle - pkole
side bok
sketch a graph narysowa wykres
solution rozwizanie
solve an equation rozwiza rwnanie
square kwadrat
square root pierwiastek kwadratowy
subscript indeks dolny
subtract odejmowa
subtraction odejmowanie
subtrahend odjemnik
sum suma
superscript indeks grny
take a root wycign pierwiastek
tangent (to) styczna (z)
top - grny
trapezium/trapezoid trapez
vertex - wierzchoek
wavy line - linia falujca
zigzag linia amana